| chemical characteristics and mutagenic activity of pm₂.₅ at a site in the indo-gangetic plain, india. | airborne fine particulate matter pm2.5 was collected from may 2010 to december 2012 at agra, a semi-urban site in north-central india. pm2.5 samples were chemically characterized for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography. pm2.5 values varied between 8.4 and 300 µg m(-3) with 55% of the values exceeding the 24h average naaq (national ambient air quality) standard of 65 µg m(-3). particle associated total pahs ranged between 8.9 and 2,065 ng m(-3) with a mean value of 880.8 ng ... | 2015 | 25617830 |
| determination of mutagenicity of the precipitate formed by sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine using the ames test. | the aim of this study was to determine the direct mutagenic potential of any precipitate formed by combining sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and chlorhexidine (chx). the precipitates formed by naocl and chx were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide and cultured with mutant salmonella typhimurium strains. the cells were observed for reverse mutation. the numbers of positive/mutated wells were statistically compared with those in the background plates using the two-sample proportion independent t-test ... | 2016 | 25612244 |
| on the molecular basis of the high affinity binding of basic amino acids to laobp, a periplasmic binding protein from salmonella typhimurium. | the rational designing of binding abilities in proteins requires an understanding of the relationship between structure and thermodynamics. however, our knowledge of the molecular origin of high-affinity binding of ligands to proteins is still limited; such is the case for l-lysine-l-arginine-l-ornithine periplasmic binding protein (laobp), a periplasmic binding protein from salmonella typhimurium that binds to l-arginine, l-lysine, and l-ornithine with nanomolar affinity and to l-histidine with ... | 2015 | 25604964 |
| structural and functional analysis of two universal stress proteins ydaa and ynaf from salmonella typhimurium: possible roles in microbial stress tolerance. | in many organisms "universal stress proteins" (usps) are induced in response to a variety of environmental stresses. here we report the structures of two usps, ynaf and ydaa from salmonella typhimurium determined at 1.8å and 2.4å resolutions, respectively. ynaf consists of a single usp domain and forms a tetrameric organization stabilized by interactions mediated through chloride ions. ydaa is a larger protein consisting of two tandem usp domains. two protomers of ydaa associate to form a struct ... | 2015 | 25600413 |
| apical invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by salmonella typhimurium requires villin to remodel the brush border actin cytoskeleton. | salmonella invasion of intestinal epithelial cells requires extensive, though transient, actin modifications at the site of bacterial entry. the actin-modifying protein villin is present in the brush border where it participates in the constitution of microvilli and in epithelial restitution after damage through its actin-severing activity. we investigated a possible role for villin in salmonella invasion. the absence of villin, which is normally located at the bacterial entry site, leads to a d ... | 2015 | 25600187 |
| mutagenicity and dna-damaging potential of clenbuterol and its metabolite 4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid in vitro. | the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro toxicity of clenbuterol and its metabolite 4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid. cytotoxicity and pro-oxidative effect of both compounds were studied on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line sw 480. no significant cytotoxic effect of either compound was observed. results of an ames test on salmonella typhimurium did not indicate mutagenic activity of clenbuterol on ta 98 and ta 100 strains, regardless of metabolic activation. potential mutagenic effects ... | 2015 | 25595371 |
| a btp1 prophage gene present in invasive non-typhoidal salmonella determines composition and length of the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. | salmonella typhimurium isolate d23580 represents a recently identified st313 lineage of invasive non-typhoidal salmonellae (ints). one of the differences between this lineage and other non-ints s. typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage btp1. this prophage encodes a gtrc gene, implicated in o-antigen modification. gtrc(btp) (1) is essential for maintaining o-antigen length in isolate d23580, since a gtr(btp) (1) mutant yields a short o-antigen. this phenotype can be complemented by gtrc ... | 2015 | 25586744 |
| β-arrestin1 is critical for the full activation of nlrp3 and nlrc4 inflammasomes. | inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of il-1β, which are critical for inflammation and control of pathogen infection. although the function of inflammasomes in immune response and disease development is well studied, the molecular mechanism by which inflammasomes are activated and assembled remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that β-arrestin1, a key regulator of the g protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, was requ ... | 2015 | 25582856 |
| the comparison of antimutagenicity and anticancer activities of echinophora platyloba dc on acute promyelocytic leukemia cancer cells. | cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world which is created by the effect of enviromental physico-chemical mutagen and carcinogen agents. in the last years, many studies have been performed on the anticancer effects of flavonoids. echinophora platyloba dc plant (khousharizeh) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants which is used as a food seasoning and medicine in iran. | 2015 | 25579544 |
| tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r arrests growth of breast-cancer brain metastasis. | brain metastasis is a morbid, treatment-resistant, end-stage frequent occurrence in breast cancer patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r on breast cancer brain metastases. high brain-metastatic variants of murine 4t1 breast cancer cells expressing red fluorescent protein (rfp) were injected orthotopically in the mammary fat pad in non-transgenic nude mice or in the left ventricle of non-transgenic nude mice and transgenic nude ... | 2015 | 25575815 |
| plekhm1: a multiprotein adaptor for the endolysosomal system. | two papers by mcewan et al. (mcewan et al., 2015a, 2015b) identify interactions of plekhm1 with autophagosome-associated atg8 proteins and salmonella typhimurium effector, sifa, linking autophagy and the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) to the endolysosomal rab7/hops-regulated tethering machinery. | 2015 | 25574946 |
| pyruvate kinase m2 regulates hif-1α activity and il-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the warburg effect in lps-activated macrophages. | macrophages activated by the tlr4 agonist lps undergo dramatic changes in their metabolic activity. we here show that lps induces expression of the key metabolic regulator pyruvate kinase m2 (pkm2). activation of pkm2 using two well-characterized small molecules, dasa-58 and tepp-46, inhibited lps-induced hif-1α and il-1β, as well as the expression of a range of other hif-1α-dependent genes. activation of pkm2 attenuated an lps-induced proinflammatory m1 macrophage phenotype while promoting trai ... | 2015 | 25565206 |
| long-range transport of mutagens and other air pollutants from mainland east asia to western japan. | asian dust events, transport of dust particles from arid and semi-arid areas in china and mongolia to the east by prevailing westerlies, are often observed in japan in spring. in recent decades, consumption of fossil fuels has markedly increased in mainland east asia with rapid economic growth, and severe air pollution has occurred. a part of air pollutants including mutagens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), generated in mainland east asia are thought to be transported to japan ... | 2015 | 27350820 |
| mutation assay using single-molecule real-time (smrt(tm)) sequencing technology. | we present here a simple, phenotype-independent mutation assay using a pacbio rsii dna sequencer employing single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing technology. salmonella typhimurium yg7108 was treated with the alkylating agent n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) and grown though several generations to fix the induced mutations, the dna was extracted and the mutations were analyzed by using the smrt dna sequencer. | 2015 | 27350811 |
| survival of salmonella typhimurium in poultry-based meat preparations during grilling, frying and baking. | the burden of food-borne diseases still represents a threat to public health; in 2012, the domestic setting accounted for 57.6% of strong-evidence eu food-borne salmonella outbreaks. next to cross-contamination, inadequate cooking procedure is considered as one of the most important factors contributing to food-borne illness. the few studies which have assessed the effect of domestic cooking on the presence and numbers of pathogens in different types of meat have shown that consumer-style cookin ... | 2015 | 25540842 |
| salmonella typhimurium pneumonia in a patient with multiple myeloma. | pneumonia due to non-typhoidal salmonella is a rarely reported entity. a fatal case of salmonella pneumonia is reported here where salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the endotracheal aspirate and blood culture. | 2015 | 25540162 |
| the modular structure of the inner-membrane ring component prgk facilitates assembly of the type iii secretion system basal body. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a large macromolecular assembly found at the surface of many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. its role is to inject toxic "effector" proteins into the cells of infected organisms. the molecular details of the assembly of this large, multimembrane-spanning complex remain poorly understood. here, we report structural, biochemical, and functional analyses of prgk, an inner-membrane component of the prototypical salmonella typhimurium t3ss. we have obtained ... | 2015 | 25533490 |
| inhibition of spontaneous and experimental lung metastasis of soft-tissue sarcoma by tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r. | prognosis of patients with lung metastases of soft-tissue sarcoma is still poor. therefore, novel systemic therapy is needed to improve the survival of soft-tissue sarcoma. in the present study, tumor-targeting therapy with a genetically-modified auxotrophic strain of salmonella typhimurium, termed a1-r, was evaluated. mouse models of primary soft tissue sarcoma and spontaneous lung metastasis were obtained by orthotopic intra-muscular injection of ht1080-rfp human fibrosarcoma cells. s. typhimu ... | 2014 | 25528763 |
| the safety of a dry spearmint extract in vitro and in vivo. | a proprietary dry spearmint extract containing 15.4% rosmarinic acid was assessed in a 90-day study with sprague-dawley rats that were gavaged at 0, 422 (low), 844 (mid), or 1948 (high) mg dry spearmint extract/kg bw/day, (equivalent to 0, 65, 130, or 300 mg rosmarinic acid/kg bw/day, respectively). no treatment-related clinical signs or adverse effects were observed in body weight, feed consumption, neurological parameters, hematology, clinical chemistry, gross pathology, and histopathology. ho ... | 2015 | 25527048 |
| granulocytes impose a tight bottleneck upon the gut luminal pathogen population during salmonella typhimurium colitis. | topological, chemical and immunological barriers are thought to limit infection by enteropathogenic bacteria. however, in many cases these barriers and their consequences for the infection process remain incompletely understood. here, we employed a mouse model for salmonella colitis and a mixed inoculum approach to identify barriers limiting the gut luminal pathogen population. mice were infected via the oral route with wild type s. typhimurium (s. tm) and/or mixtures of phenotypically identical ... | 2014 | 25522364 |
| antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of myristica fragrans (houtt.) leaves on salmonella typhimurium and mus musculus. | natural plant extracts offer a promising hope in the prevention/treatment of cancer arising from genetic mutations. this study evaluated in vitro and in vivo mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of myristica fragrans (afmf) leaves on ta100 strain of salmonella typhimurium and mus musculus (male swiss albino mice), respectively. the antioxidant activity of afmf against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, followed by its p ... | 2014 | 25520963 |
| lactoylglutathione lyase, a critical enzyme in methylglyoxal detoxification, contributes to survival of salmonella in the nutrient rich environment. | glyoxalase i which is synonymously known as lactoylglutathione lyase is a critical enzyme in methylglyoxal (mg) detoxification. we assessed the stm3117 encoded lactoylglutathione lyase (lgl) of salmonella typhimurium, which is known to function as a virulence factor, due in part to its ability to detoxify methylglyoxal. we found that stm3117 encoded lgl isomerises the hemithioacetal adduct of mg and glutathione (gsh) into s-lactoylglutathione. lgl was observed to be an outer membrane bound prote ... | 2015 | 25517857 |
| extending the gamma concept to non-thermal inactivation: a dynamic model to predict the fate of salmonella during the dried sausages process. | the process of dried fermented sausages is recognized to be favourable to the reduction of the salmonella population. the objective of this study was to develop a model describing the evolution of salmonella during the fabrication process of dried sausages and to optimize the food formulation to prevent pathogen presence at the end of the process. an experimental design was set to investigate the effects of the fermentation and drying process for several formulations, taking into account the typ ... | 2015 | 25500392 |
| two nitro derivatives of azabenzo[a]pyrene n-oxide: electronic properties and their relation to mutagenic activity. | the equilibrium geometries, relative energies, ir and raman spectra, vertical ionization potentials (ip), vertical electron affinities (ea), dipole moments (μ), electronic dipole polarizabilities (α), and molecular electrostatic potentials (mep) of two species that show very high mutagenicity, 1-nitro-6-azabenzo[a]pyrene n-oxide (1-n-6-abpo) and 3-nitro-6-azabenzo[a]pyrene n-oxide (3-n-6-abpo), are investigated by means of density functional theory (dft) using b3lyp functional with different bas ... | 2015 | 25497021 |
| toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 6: the impact of ingredients added to kretek cigarettes on smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicity. | mainstream smoke (ms) from experimental kretek cigarettes with three ingredient mixes at low (typical use level) and high (2.5 or 3 times that level) inclusion rates was compared to a control kretek cigarette of identical construction (cloves and humectants), but without the addition of ingredients. 350 ingredients, commonly used in various combinations and in a limited number in a given brand in the manufacture of marketed kretek cigarettes were assessed. the ms composition of the kretek cigare ... | 2014 | 25496764 |
| α-hexylcinnamaldehyde inhibits the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. | the antimutagenicity of α-hexylcinnamaldehyde (1), a semisynthetic and more stable derivative of cinnamaldehyde, was evaluated against common environmental pollutants in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. the pre-, co-, and post-treatment protocols were applied to assess the involvement of desmutagenic and/or bioantimutagenic mechanisms. compound 1 (9-900 μm) produced a strong antimutagenicity (>40% inhibition) in the salmonella typhimurium ta98 strain against the nitroarenes 2-nitrofluorene ... | 2014 | 25494477 |
| lactoferrin causes iga and igg2b isotype switching through betaglycan binding and activation of canonical tgf-β signaling. | lactoferrin (lf), a pleiotropic iron-binding glycoprotein, is known to modulate the humoral immune response. however, its exact role in ig synthesis has yet to be elucidated. in this study, we investigated the effect of lf on ig production by mouse b cells and its underlying mechanisms. lf, like transforming growth factor (tgf)-β1, stimulated b cells to produce iga and igg2b, while downregulating other isotypes. using limiting dilution analysis, lf was shown to increase the frequency of iga-secr ... | 2015 | 25492477 |
| monitoring hospital wastewaters for their probable genotoxicity and mutagenicity. | cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. excluding the genetic factors, environmental factors, mainly the pollutants, have been implicated in the causation of the majority of cancers. wastewater originated from health-care sectors such as hospitals may carry vast amounts of carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals to surface waters or any other source of drinking water, if discharged untreated. humans get exposed to such contaminants through a variety of ways including drinking water. the aim o ... | 2015 | 25487460 |
| targeted deletion of the ara operon of salmonella typhimurium enhances l-arabinose accumulation and drives pbad-promoted expression of anti-cancer toxins and imaging agents. | tumor-specific expression of antitumor drugs can be achieved using attenuated salmonella typhimurium harboring the pbad promoter, which is induced by l-arabinose. however, l-arabinose does not accumulate because it is metabolized to d-xylulose-5-p by enzymes encoded by the ara operon in salmonellae. to address this problem, we developed an engineered strain of s. typhimurium in which the ara operon is deleted. linear dna transformation was performed using λ red recombinase to exchange the ara op ... | 2014 | 25486570 |
| tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r decoys quiescent cancer cells to cycle as visualized by fucci imaging and become sensitive to chemotherapy. | quiescent cancer cells are resistant to cytotoxic agents which target only proliferating cancer cells. time-lapse imaging demonstrated that tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from g0/g1 to s/g2/m, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (fucci) imaging. a1-r infection of fucci-expressing subcutaneous tumors growing in nude mice also decoyed quiescent cancer cells, which were ... | 2014 | 25483077 |
| mixed culture biofilms of salmonella typhimurium and cultivable indigenous microorganisms on lettuce show enhanced resistance of their sessile cells to cold oxygen plasma. | control of foodborne pathogens in fresh produce is crucial for food safety, and numerous salmonella typhimurium (st) outbreaks have been reported already. the present study was done to assess effectiveness of cold oxygen plasma (cop) against biofilms of st mixed with cultivable indigenous microorganisms (cim). st and cim were grown at 15 °c as monocultures and mixed cultures for planktonic state, biofilm on stainless steel, and lettuce leaves. thereafter, the samples were treated with cop and su ... | 2015 | 25475308 |
| immuno-capture and in situ detection of salmonella typhimurium on a novel microfluidic chip. | the new method presented in this article achieved the goal of capturing salmonella typhimurium via immunoreaction and rapid in situ detection of the cdse/zns quantum dots (qds) labeled s. typhimurium by self-assembly light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection (lif) microsystem on a specially designed multichannel microfluidic chip. cdse/zns qds were used as fluorescent markers improving detection sensitivity. the microfluidic chip developed in this study was composed of 12 sample channe ... | 2015 | 25467522 |
| steady-state kinetics and spectroscopic characterization of enzyme-trna interactions for the non-heme diiron trna-monooxygenase, miae. | miae [2-methylthio-n(6)-isopentenyl-adenosine(37)-trna monooxygenase] isolated from salmonella typhimurium is a unique non-heme diiron enzyme that catalyzes the o2-dependent post-transcriptional allylic hydroxylation of a hypermodified nucleotide (ms(2)i(6)a37) at position 37 of selected trna molecules to produce 2-methylthio-n(6)-(4-hydroxyisopentenyl)-adenosine(37). in this work, isopentenylated trna substrates for miae were produced from small rna oligomers corresponding to the anticodon stem ... | 2015 | 25453905 |
| safety assessment of dietary bamboo charcoal powder: a 90-day subchronic oral toxicity and mutagenicity studies. | vegetable carbon has been used as food additive in eu (e153) and china for many years; however, no experimental data have been available on its dietary safety. this study was designed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of bamboo charcoal powder (bcp). in the study of subchronic oral toxicity, bcp was administered orally at doses of 2.81, 5.62, and 11.24 g/kg bw for 90 days to sd rats. additional satellite groups from the control group and high dose group were observed for a 28- ... | 2015 | 25445512 |
| from the bench to modeling--r0 at the interface between empirical and theoretical approaches in epidemiology of environmentally transmitted infectious diseases. | for environmentally transmitted infectious diseases (etids), which spread through the contaminated environment (such as foods, surfaces and fomites), there is a lack of consensus about the mathematical approach to derive r0, leading to inconsistent predictions about the spread and control of these infections in their host populations. the objective of this study was to explain three current, though conflicting, approaches to derive a theoretical expression for r0 for etids and assess their valid ... | 2015 | 25441048 |
| expression of periplasmic chaperones in salmonella typhimurium reduces its viability in vivo. | the efficacy of live attenuated bacterial vectors is dependent upon the fine-tuning of a strain's immunogenicity and its virulence. strains are often engineered to deliver heterologous antigens, but soluble expression of recombinant proteins can be troublesome. therefore, secretion systems or chaperone proteins are routinely used to assist in attaining high levels of functional, soluble protein production. however, the effects of chaperone expression on the virulence of attenuated bacterial vect ... | 2015 | 25432864 |
| mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of thai northern purple rice. | purple rice (oryza sativa l. var. indica) cv. kum doisaket is cultivated in northern thailand. this study evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple rice using the ames test. the seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water. the methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extracts contained large amount of tocols and γ-oryzanol. none of the extrac ... | 2014 | 25422249 |
| preparation of nano/submicrometer ganoderma tsugae and its mutagenic potencies and cytotoxicity. | this study explored the feasibility of preparing nano/submicrometer particles from ganoderma tsugae to enhance the contents of bioactive compounds and to assess its mutagenic potencies and cytotoxicity. hot-water extract, a common product, was employed as a reference. after 3 h of media milling, almost all of the particles were smaller than 1 μm with a number-mean diameter of 0.11 μm. there were about 62% particles smaller than 0.1 μm in terms of number of particles. scanning electron microscopy ... | 2014 | 25406501 |
| efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r in combination with anti-angiogenesis therapy on a pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) and cell line mouse models. | the aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r treatment following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) therapy on vegf-positive human pancreatic cancer. a pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) that was vegf-positive and an orthotopic vegf-positive human pancreatic cancer cell line (miapaca-2-gfp) as well as a vegf-negative cell line (panc-1) were tested. nude mice with these tumors were treated with gemci ... | 2014 | 25402324 |
| mutagenicity and tumor-promoting effects of tiglium seed extract via pkc and mapk signaling pathways. | tiglium seed is a seed of mature croton tiglium linne containing croton oils, which have been traditionally used as laxative or purgative. as it contains phorbol derivatives, we investigated the mutagenicity and tumor-promoting activity of tiglium seed. tiglium seed extract produced the mutagenic responses in five salmonella typhimurium strains in ames assay, whereas it did not alter the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei, indicating that it exerted the mutagenic potential, no ... | 2015 | 25391291 |
| [molecular typing and surveillance on salmonella typhimurium strain in guangdong province, 2009-2011]. | to understand the distribution and the characteristics on molecular typing of salmonella (s.) typhimurium isolates gathered from the surveillance program and to construct the standard s. typhimurium databank in the laboratory through surveillance network pulsenet, in guangdong province to improve the capability of detection on laboratory-based foodborne outbreaks. | 2014 | 25376683 |
| fitness of salmonella mutants resistant to antimicrobial peptides. | to examine the effects of mutations in the waay, phop and pmrb genes, which confer resistance to antimicrobial peptides (amps), on fitness of salmonella typhimurium. | 2015 | 25362575 |
| differences in the antibacterial activity of nisin and bovicin hc5 against salmonella typhimurium under different temperature and ph conditions. | to compare the action of nisin and bovicin hc5 in combination with edta on salmonella typhimurium under different environmental conditions. | 2015 | 25358073 |
| genotoxic potential and in vitro tumour-promoting potential of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone, two radiolytic products of fatty acids. | the dna-damaging and tumour-promoting effects of two 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-acbs), which are found in irradiated fat-containing foods, were investigated by use of the comet assay and in an azoxymethane (aom)-induced colon-carcinogenesis study in rats, respectively. we conducted genotoxicity tests of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-ddcb) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tdcb) according to the test guidelines for chemicals or drugs. in addition, a cell-transformation assay with bhas 42 cells was perfo ... | 2014 | 25344170 |
| adaboost based multi-instance transfer learning for predicting proteome-wide interactions between salmonella and human proteins. | pathogen-host protein-protein interaction (ppi) plays an important role in revealing the underlying pathogenesis of viruses and bacteria. the need of rapidly mapping proteome-wide pathogen-host interactome opens avenues for and imposes burdens on computational modeling. for salmonella typhimurium, only 62 interactions with human proteins are reported to date, and the computational modeling based on such a small training data is prone to yield model overfitting. in this work, we propose a multi-i ... | 2014 | 25330226 |
| pmqr genes oqxab and aac(6')ib-cr accelerate the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella typhimurium. | emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium strains, especially the acssut and nalidixic acid r types, has significantly compromised the effectiveness of current strategies to control salmonella infections, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. clinical s. typhimurium isolates recovered in hong kong during the period of 2005-2011 were increasingly resistant to ciprofloxacin (cip) and antibiotics of the acssut group. our data revealed that oqxab and aac(6')ib-cr were encoded ... | 2014 | 25324840 |
| effect of chitosan coating on a bacteria-based alginate microrobot. | to develop an efficient bacteria-based microrobot, first, therapeutic bacteria should be encapsulated into microbeads using biodegradable and biocompatible materials; second, the releasing rate of the encapsulated bacteria for theragnostic function should be regulated; and finally, flagellated bacteria should be attached on the microbeads to ensure the motility of the microrobot. for the therapeutic bacteria encapsulation, an alginate can be a promising candidate as a biodegradable and biocompat ... | 2015 | 25312282 |
| expression of homologous rnd efflux pump genes is dependent upon acrb expression: implications for efflux and virulence inhibitor design. | enterobacteriaceae have multiple efflux pumps that confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. acrb mediates clinically relevant multidrug resistance and is required for virulence and biofilm formation, making it an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. the aim of this study was to assess the viability of single transporters as a target for efflux inhibition using salmonella typhimurium as the model pathogen. | 2015 | 25288678 |
| antityphoid and radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts and compounds from the aerial part of paullinia pinnata. | paullinia pinnata linn (sapindaceae) is a medicinal plant, locally used in the west region of cameroon for the treatment of typhoid fever. this work was designed to evaluate the antityphoid and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds of p. pinnata. the methanol extracts of the leaves and stems were tested for antityphoid and antioxidant activities. compounds were isolated, and their structures elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data in conjuction with literature data and tested ... | 2014 | 25279277 |
| genotoxicity assessment of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with different particle sizes and surface coatings. | magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ionps) have been widely used for various biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. however, their potential toxic effects, including genotoxicity, need to be thoroughly understood. in the present study, the genotoxicity of ionps with different particle sizes (10, 30 nm) and surface coatings (peg, pei) were assessed using three standard genotoxicity assays, the salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (ames test), the in ... | 2014 | 25274166 |
| the ubiquitin-like modifier fat10 decorates autophagy-targeted salmonella and contributes to salmonella resistance in mice. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells is counteracted by cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms including xenophagy. the decoration of cytosolic bacteria by ubiquitylation and binding of galectin-8 leads to recruitment of autophagy adaptors like p62 (also known as sqstm1), ndp52 (also known as calcoco2) and optineurin, which initiate the destruction of bacteria by xenophagy. here, we show that the functionally barely characterized ifnγ- and tnfα-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier fat10 (also k ... | 2014 | 25271057 |
| safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel, fermented, peptide-enriched, hydrolyzed swine placenta extract powder. | placenta is an important organ that connects the developing fetus to allow nutrient uptake, antibody provisions and gas exchange via the blood supply of the mother. we developed a novel, standardized, stable, water-soluble, peptide-enriched hydrolyzed, horus fermented placenta powder (hfpep) from healthy, pathogen-free, swine placenta. earlier studies demonstrated that hfpep significantly improves physical fatigue, hepatic functions and repair of muscle fibers. we examined the broad safety of hf ... | 2015 | 25266486 |
| direct attachment of nanoparticle cargo to salmonella typhimurium membranes designed for combination bacteriotherapy against tumors. | nanoparticle technology is an emerging approach to resolve difficult-to-manage internal diseases. it is highly regarded, in particular, for medical use in treatment of cancer due to the innate ability of certain nanoparticles to accumulate in the porous environment of tumors and to be toxic to cancer cells. however, the therapeutic success of nanoparticles is limited by the technical difficulty of fully penetrating and thus attacking the tumor. additionally, while nanoparticles possess seeming-s ... | 2015 | 25253255 |
| quantitative proteomic identification of host factors involved in the salmonella typhimurium infection cycle. | quantitative proteomics, based on stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac), can be used to identify host proteins involved in the intracellular interplay with pathogens. this method allows identification of proteins subject to degradation or upregulation in response to intracellular infection. it can also be used to study intracellular dynamics (trafficking) of proteins in response to the infection. here, we describe the analysis of changes in protein profiles determined in ... | 2015 | 25253246 |
| inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from miracle fruit leaves on mutation and oxidative damage. | this study investigated the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from miracle fruit leaves (aml) on mutation and oxidative damage. the results showed that aml in the range of 1-5mg/plate inhibited the mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-aa), an indirect mutagen, and 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4-nqo), a direct mutagen toward salmonella typhimurium ta 98 and ta 100. on the other hand, aml in the range of 0.05-0.2mg/ml showed radical scavenging, reducing activities, liposome protection as well as ... | 2015 | 25236245 |
| endovascular treatment of an iliac artery rupture caused by invasive salmonella spondylodiscitis. | the rate of non-typhoid salmonella infections has increased remarkably in recent years. endovascular system infection is one of the most serious forms of extraintestinal salmonella infection. the abdominal aorta is frequently involved, while bone and joint involvement are rarely seen. we present a rare case of successful endovascular treatment of a left iliac artery rupture and pseudoaneurysm both occurring due to the direct invasion of lumbar spondylodiscitis caused by salmonella typhimurium. | 2014 | 25230272 |
| tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r prevents experimental human breast cancer bone metastasis in nude mice. | bone metastasis is a lethal and morbid late stage of breast cancer that is currently treatment resistant. more effective mouse models and treatment are necessary. high bone-metastatic variants of human breast cancer cells were selected in nude mice by cardiac injection. after cardiac injection of a high bone-metastatic variant of breast cancer, all untreated mice had bone metastases compared to only 20% with parental cells. treatment with tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r completely pr ... | 2014 | 25216526 |
| innate lymphoid cells regulate intestinal epithelial cell glycosylation. | fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells, catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 2 (fut2), is a major glycosylation mechanism of host-microbiota symbiosis. commensal bacteria induce epithelial fucosylation, and epithelial fucose is used as a dietary carbohydrate by many of these bacteria. however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the induction of epithelial fucosylation are unknown. here, we show that type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ilc3) induced intestinal epithelial fut2 expressio ... | 2014 | 25214634 |
| systemic responses of balb/c mice to salmonella typhimurium infection. | salmonella typhimurium is a bacterial pathogen that poses a great threat to humans and animals. in order to discover hosts' responses to s. typhimurium infection, we collected and analyzed biofluids and organ tissues from mice which had ingested s. typhimurium. we employed (1)h nmr spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis and immunological techniques. the results indicate that infection leads to a severe impact on mice spleen and ileum, which are characterized by splenomegaly and ede ... | 2014 | 25209111 |
| nutritional iron turned inside out: intestinal stress from a gut microbial perspective. | iron is abundantly present on earth, essential for most microorganisms and crucial for human health. human iron deficiency that is nevertheless highly prevalent in developing regions of the world can be effectively treated by oral iron administration. accumulating evidence indicates that excess of unabsorbed iron that enters the colonic lumen causes unwanted side effects at the intestinal host-microbiota interface. the chemical properties of iron, the luminal environment and host iron withdrawal ... | 2014 | 25205464 |
| amino acids 89-96 of salmonella typhimurium flagellin represent the major domain responsible for tlr5-independent adjuvanticity in the humoral immune response. | toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) signaling in response to flagellin is dispensable for inducing humoral immunity, but alterations of aa 89-96, the tlr5 binding site, significantly reduced the adjuvanticity of flagellin. these observations indicate that the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. here, we found that the native form of salmonella typhimurium aa 89-96-mutant flagellin extracted from flagella retains some tlr5 recognition activity, indicating that aa 89-96 is the primary, b ... | 2015 | 25195514 |
| impact of conjugation chemistry on the immunogenicity of s. typhimurium conjugate vaccines. | salmonella typhimurium is major cause of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease in africa. conjugation of s. typhimurium o-antigen to an appropriate carrier protein constitutes a possible strategy for the development of a vaccine against this disease, for which no vaccines are currently available. the conjugation chemistry used is one of the parameters that can affect the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines. herein different glycoconjugates were synthesized to investigate the impact of t ... | 2014 | 25192974 |
| identification of the ligand in the structure of the protein with unknown function stm4435 from salmonella typhimurium. | the unidentified ligand, which is present in the crystal of the protein with unknown function stm4435 from salmonella typhimurium, was identified using a combination of high-resolution x-ray crystallography and accurate-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry. the identified glycerol was present as a component of the solutions used for the isolation and crystallization of the protein and serves as the ligand mimicking the natural metabolite, presumably, 2-keto-myo-isonitol, which is indicative of ... | 2014 | 25172330 |
| bistable expression of virulence genes in salmonella leads to the formation of an antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. | phenotypic heterogeneity can confer clonal groups of organisms with new functionality. a paradigmatic example is the bistable expression of virulence genes in salmonella typhimurium, which leads to phenotypically virulent and phenotypically avirulent subpopulations. the two subpopulations have been shown to divide labor during s. typhimurium infections. here, we show that heterogeneous virulence gene expression in this organism also promotes survival against exposure to antibiotics through a bet ... | 2014 | 25136970 |
| antibiotic treatment selects for cooperative virulence of salmonella typhimurium. | antibiotics are powerful therapeutics but are not equally effective against all cells in bacterial populations. bacteria that express an antibiotic-tolerant phenotype ("persisters") can evade treatment [1]. persisters can cause relapses of the infection after the end of the therapy [2]. it is still poorly understood whether persistence affects the evolution of bacterial virulence. during infections, persisters have been found preferentially at particular sites within the host [3, 4]. if bacteria ... | 2014 | 25131673 |
| epithelium-intrinsic naip/nlrc4 inflammasome drives infected enterocyte expulsion to restrict salmonella replication in the intestinal mucosa. | the gut mucosal epithelium separates the host from the microbiota, but enteropathogens such as salmonella typhimurium (s.tm) can invade and breach this barrier. defenses against such acute insults remain incompletely understood. using a murine model of salmonella enterocolitis, we analyzed mechanisms limiting pathogen loads in the epithelium during early infection. although the epithelium-invading s.tm replicate initially, this intraepithelial replicative niche is restricted by expulsion of infe ... | 2014 | 25121751 |
| limited role for asc and nlrp3 during in vivo salmonella typhimurium infection. | the inflammasome is an intracellular protein complex triggered by exposure to intracellular pathogens, its components or other endogenous proteins. it leads to the activation of and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines such as il-1β and il-18. s. typhimurium is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, which is known to trigger inflammasome assembly via recognition by the cytosolic receptors, nlrp3 and nlrc4 (which act via the adaptor protein, asc) to induce cell death and cytokine rel ... | 2014 | 25115174 |
| evaluation of the biological activity of novel monocationic fluoroaryl-2,2'-bichalcophenes and their analogues. | a series of bichalcophene fluorobenzamidines 5a-e was synthesized from the corresponding mononitriles 4a-e via a direct reaction with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide lin(tms)2 followed by de-protection with ethanolic hcl (gas). bichalcophene fluorobenzonitriles 4a-e were prepared adopting a stille coupling reaction between the bromo compounds 3a-c and 2-(tri-n-butylstannyl)furan or analogues. as an approach to drug discovery, the structure-antimutagenicity relationship of novel fluoroarylbichal ... | 2014 | 25114506 |
| effect of simulated gastrointestinal conditions on biofilm formation by salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-. | salmonella typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a major serovar responsible for human salmonellosis whose biofilm-forming ability, influenced by environmental conditions like those found in the gastrointestinal tract, is one of the main contributing factors to its ability to persist in the host and thus one of the main causes of chronic relapsing infections. most studies to evaluate biofilm formation are performed in microtiter assays using standard media. however, no reports are available on the abili ... | 2014 | 25093197 |
| monitoring of volatile and non-volatile urban air genotoxins using bacteria, human cells and plants. | urban air contains many mutagenic pollutants. this research aimed to investigate the presence of mutagens in the air by short-term mutagenicity tests using bacteria, human cells and plants. inflorescences of tradescantia were exposed to air in situ for 6h, once a month from january to may, to monitor volatile compounds and micronuclei frequency was computed. on the same days pm10 was collected continuously for 24h. half of each filter was extracted with organic solvents and studied by means of t ... | 2015 | 25084136 |
| new compounds, 6-hydroxykarahanaenone and 10-hydroxykarahanaenone, from biotransformation of karahanaenone by cyp2a6. | the in vitro biotransformation of karahanaenone was examined in cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2a6. the biotransformation of karahanaenone by cyp2a6 was investigated by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). karahanaenone was found to be oxidized to two metabolites by cyp2a6. in order to produce large quantity of metabolites by cyp2a6, the biotransformation of karahanaenone by salmonella typhimurium oy1002/2a6 was investigated. similarly, two metabolites were confirmed ... | 2014 | 25082308 |
| direct regulation of the pefi-srgc operon encoding the rck invasin by the quorum-sensing regulator sdia in salmonella typhimurium. | one important step for the pathogenesis of salmonella is its ability to penetrate host cells. recently, a new entry system involving the outer membrane protein rck has been characterized. previous studies have shown that the pefi-srgc locus, which contains rck, was regulated by the temperature and sdia, the transcriptional regulator of quorum sensing in salmonella. to decipher the regulation of rck by sdia, we first confirmed the operon organization of the pefi-srgc locus. using plasmid-based tr ... | 2014 | 25080967 |
| rice hull smoke extract protects mice against a salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. | endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from infection by gram-negative bacteria. the present study investigates the inhibitory effects of a rice hull smoke extract (rhse) against murine endotoxemia induced by salmonella lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (lps/galn). pretreatment of the mice with rhse via dietary administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression (in %) of lps/galn-induced catalase by 70.7, superoxide dismutase (sod) by ... | 2014 | 25068861 |
| flavonoid detection in hydroethanolic extract of pouteria torta (sapotaceae) leaves by hplc-dad and the determination of its mutagenic activity. | it is well known that phytotherapy has grown in popularity in recent years. because a drug cannot be administered without ensuring its effectiveness and safety, the standardization and regulation of phytotherapeutic drugs are required by the global market and governmental authorities. this article describes a simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection analysis method for the simultaneous detection of myricetin-3-o-β-d-galactopyranoside, myricetin-3-o-α-l-ara ... | 2014 | 25055245 |
| the effect of knockout of sulfotransferases 1a1 and 1d1 and of transgenic human sulfotransferases 1a1/1a2 on the formation of dna adducts from furfuryl alcohol in mouse models. | furfuryl alcohol is a rodent carcinogen present in numerous foodstuffs. sulfotransferases (sults) convert furfuryl alcohol into the dna reactive and mutagenic 2-sulfoxymethylfuran. sensitive techniques for the isotope-dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of resulting dna adducts, e.g. n (2)-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (n (2)-mf-dg), were developed. to better understand the contribution of specific sult forms to the genotoxicity of fu ... | 2014 | 25053625 |
| conformational transitions driven by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate uptake in the psychrophilic serine hydroxymethyltransferase from psychromonas ingrahamii. | serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme belonging to the fold type i superfamily, which catalyzes in vivo the reversible conversion of l-serine and tetrahydropteroylglutamate (h₄pteglu) to glycine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate (5,10-ch₂-h₄pteglu). the shmt from the psychrophilic bacterium psychromonas ingrahamii (pishmt) had been recently purified and characterized. this enzyme was shown to display catalytic and stability propertie ... | 2014 | 25044250 |
| salmonella typhimurium with γ-radiation induced h2ax phosphorylation and apoptosis in melanoma. | to investigate the combinatorial effects using salmonella and γ-radiation, the salmonella typhimurium infection in combination with γ-radiation was investigated on melanoma. we showed that ros expression and h2ax phosphorylation increased during stress by γ-radiation irrespective of salmonella infection, inducing apoptosis by caspase-3 and bcl2 in tumor cells. in addition, tumor growth was suppressed by this combinatory therapy suggesting candidates for radiation therapy against melanoma. | 2014 | 25036139 |
| novobiocin sensitivity of salmonella typhimurium dam and/or seqa mutants. | this study was carried out to determine the effects of novobiocin, a gyrase inhibitor, on the growth, survival, motility and whole cell proteins of s. typhimurium dam and/or seqa strains. our results showed that the dam and seqa/dam mutants are the most sensitive to novobiocin, compared to wild type and seqa strains. surprisingly, the motility of seqa mutants increased after exposure to novobiocin only in stationary phase cells. all the other strains showed a significant decrease in their motili ... | 2014 | 25033662 |
| xanthium strumarium l. extracts produce dna damage mediated by cytotoxicity in in vitro assays but does not induce micronucleus in mice. | xanthium strumarium l. is a member of the asteraceae commonly used in cuba, mainly as diuretic. some toxic properties of this plant have also been reported and, to date, very little is known about its genotoxic properties. the present work aims was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic risk of whole extract from xanthium strumarium l. whole extract of aerial parts. no positive response was observed in a battery of four salmonella typhimurium strains, when exposed to concentrations up ... | 2014 | 25025061 |
| p22 mediated recombination of frt-sites. | flp mediated site specific recombination of frt-sites is frequently used in genetic engineering to excise, insert or invert dna-cassettes in the chromosome. while constructs flanked by frt-sites are generally considered to be stable in the absence of the flp enzyme, we observed that p22 chromosomes exceeding wild-type length tend to lose frt-flanked insertions via flp independent recombination of frt-sites during phage propagation. this spontaneous recombination should be considered when enginee ... | 2014 | 25019493 |
| [a parotid abscess caused by salmonella typhimurium]. | | 2014 | 25015306 |
| structural and functional characterization of duf1471 domains of salmonella proteins srfn, ydgh/sssb, and yaho. | bacterial species in the enterobacteriaceae typically contain multiple paralogues of a small domain of unknown function (duf1471) from a family of conserved proteins also known as yhcn or bhsa/mcba. proteins containing duf1471 may have a single or three copies of this domain. representatives of this family have been demonstrated to play roles in several cellular processes including stress response, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis. we have conducted nmr and x-ray crystallographic studies of f ... | 2014 | 25010333 |
| selective endothelin-a receptor blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. | endothelin-1 is a potent mediator of sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension (ph). the pulmonary vascular effects of selective blockade of endothelin receptor subtype a (etar) during endotoxemia remain unknown. we hypothesized that selective etar antagonism attenuates endotoxin-induced ph and improves pulmonary artery (pa) vasoreactivity. adult male sprague-dawley rats (250-450 g) received lipopolysaccharide (lps; salmonella typhimurium; 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle 6 hours before hemody ... | 2014 | 25006449 |
| a protocol to infect caenorhabditis elegans with salmonella typhimurium. | in the last decade, c. elegans has emerged as an invertebrate organism to study interactions between hosts and pathogens, including the host defense against gram-negative bacterium salmonella typhimurium. salmonella establishes persistent infection in the intestine of c. elegans and results in early death of infected animals. a number of immunity mechanisms have been identified in c. elegans to defend against salmonella infections. autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pat ... | 2014 | 24998902 |
| theoretical study of the molecular properties of dimethylanthracenes as properties for the prediction of their biodegradation and mutagenicity. | there is little information available on methyl derivatives of anthracene and their interaction with the enzymes of bacterial consortia that could be found in petroleum sludge. in this study a theoretical investigation of all dimethylanthracenes (dma) isomers and their relation to biodegradation are presented. equilibrium geometries, ionization potentials (ip), electronic affinities (ea), dipole moments and electronic dipole polarizabilities of dma isomers calculated by density functional theory ... | 2014 | 24997911 |
| alteration in lymphocytes responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles in laying hens infected with salmonella typhimurium. | salmonella typhimurium has been reported to contaminate egg production across the world, but the exact nature of the immune mechanisms protective against salmonella infection in laying hens has not been characterized at the molecular level. the experiment was conducted to determine salmonella colonization and lymphocytes subpopulation in the ileum and spleen, and the mrna expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (il)-1β and il-6], chemokine il-8, and t helper (th)1/th2 cytokines [in ... | 2014 | 24986046 |
| real-time pcr method combined with immunomagnetic separation for detecting healthy and heat-injured salmonella typhimurium on raw duck wings. | conventional culture detection methods are time consuming and labor-intensive. for this reason, an alternative rapid method combining real-time pcr and immunomagnetic separation (ims) was investigated in this study to detect both healthy and heat-injured salmonella typhimurium on raw duck wings. firstly, the ims method was optimized by determining the capture efficiency of dynabeads(®) on salmonella cells on raw duck wings with different bead incubation (10, 30 and 60 min) and magnetic separatio ... | 2014 | 24974274 |
| deregulation of transition metals homeostasis is a key feature of cadmium toxicity in salmonella. | cadmium is a highly toxic metal whose presence in the environment represents a challenge for all forms of life. to improve our knowledge on cadmium toxicity, we have explored salmonella typhimurium responses to this metal. we have found that cadmium induces the concomitant expression of the cation efflux pump znta and of the high affinity zinc import system znuabc. this observation suggests that cadmium accumulation within the cell induces a condition of apparent zinc starvation, possibly due to ... | 2014 | 24970347 |
| safety evaluation of zeaxanthin concentrate (omnixan™): acute, subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies. | the available evidence suggests a beneficial effect of zeaxanthin against the progression of age-related macular degeneration (amd). the objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects of omnixan™, a rr-zeaxanthin (65%) enriched product obtained from paprika (capsicum annum fruits) in subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies. the oral ld50 of omnixan(tm) in rats was greater than 2000 mg/kgbody weight (bw)/day. for the subchronic toxicity study, wistar rats (10/sex ... | 2014 | 24964014 |
| methods for the development of tumor-targeting bacteria. | for at least two centuries, there have been reports that cancer patients infected with various bacteria had what appeared to be spontaneous remission. in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, w.b. coley, of what is now the memorial sloan-kettering cancer center, pioneered bacterial therapy of cancer in the clinic with considerable success. after coley died in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer started to go out of favor. in the current twenty-first century, there is great resurgent i ... | 2014 | 24949888 |
| timeliness of salmonella typhimurium notifications after the introduction of routine mlva typing in nsw. | salmonella typhimurium is the most common bacterial cause of gastrointestinal disease in nsw. regular review of surveillance procedures ensures system objectives are met and informs improvements in system utility and efficiency. this paper assesses the timeliness and data completeness of nsw salmonella typhimurium surveillance after the routine introduction of multilocus variable repeat analysis (mlva), a rapid sub-typing technique. mlva results were available significantly earlier than alternat ... | 2014 | 24939225 |
| the small rna ryhb homologs from salmonella typhimurium participate in the response to s-nitrosoglutathione-induced stress. | typically, the expression of srnas is activated in response to environmental stimuli in order to regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. in the present work we show that the salmonellatyphimurium paralogous srnas ryhb-1 and ryhb-2 are induced in response to the nitrosating agent s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno). inactivation of these srnas decreased s. typhimurium resistance to gsno and increased the levels of nitrosylated proteins. these results prompted us to evaluate a po ... | 2014 | 24937451 |
| evaluation of ceftiofur-phbv microparticles in rats. | despite the high number of antibiotics used for the treatment of infectious disease in animals, the development of slow release formulations presents a significant challenge, particularly in using novel biomaterials with low cost. in this report, we studied the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic activity of ceftiofur-phbv (ceftiofur-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) in rats. the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated a sustained release of ceftiofur into the bloodstream, with de ... | 2014 | 24936127 |
| survival, prophage induction, and invasive properties of lysogenic salmonella typhimurium exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. | this study was designed to evaluate the viability, prophage induction, invasive ability, and relative gene expression in lysogenic salmonella typhimurium exposed to the simulated gastric juice (sgj) at ph 2 (sgj-2), 3 (sgj-3), 4 (sgj-4), and 5 (sgj-5) for 30 min followed by 0.5 % bile salts for 2 h. the susceptibility of lysogenic s. typhimurium increased with decreasing ph value and increasing bile salt concentration. the lysogenic s. typhimurium cells were least susceptible to sgj-4 and sgj-5, ... | 2014 | 24929817 |
| use of acetic and citric acids to control salmonella typhimurium in tahini (sesame paste). | since tahini and its products have been linked to salmonella illness outbreaks and product recalls in recent years, this study assessed the ability of salmonella typhimurium to survive or grow in commercial tahini and when hydrated (10% w/v in water), treated with 0.1%-0.5% acetic or citric acids, and stored at 37, 21 and 10 °c for 28 d. s. typhimurium survived in commercial tahini up to 28 d but was reduced in numbers from 1.7 to 3.3 log10 cfu/ml. however, in the moist or hydrated tahini, signi ... | 2014 | 24929724 |
| contribution of the no-detoxifying enzymes hmpa, norv and nrfa to nitrosative stress protection of salmonella typhimurium in raw sausages. | the antimicrobial action of the curing agent sodium nitrite (nano2) in raw sausage fermentation is thought to mainly depend on the release of cytotoxic nitric oxide (no) at acidic ph. salmonella typhimurium is capable of detoxifying no via the flavohemoglobin hmpa, the flavorubredoxin norv and the periplasmic cytochrome c nitrite reductase nrfa. in this study, the contribution of these systems to nitrosative stress tolerance in raw sausages was investigated. in vitro growth assays of the s. typh ... | 2014 | 24929713 |
| efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r on nude mouse models of metastatic and disseminated human ovarian cancer. | we report here the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r) on mouse models of disseminated and metastatic ovarian cancer. the proliferation-inhibitory efficacy of a1-r on human ovarian cancer cell lines (skov-3-gfp, ovcar-3-rfp) was initially demonstrated in vitro. orthotopic and dissemination mouse models of ovarian cancer were made with the human ovarian cancer cell line skov-3-gfp. after tumor implantation, the mice were treated with a1-r (5 × 10(7) colony-forming unit ... | 2014 | 24924355 |
| ampicillin-ester bonded branched polymers: characterization, cyto-, genotoxicity and controlled drug-release behaviour. | the development and characterization of novel macromolecular conjugates of ampicillin using branched biodegradable polymers has been described in this study. the conjugates have been prepared coupling the β-lactam antibiotic with branched polymer matrices based on the natural oligopeptide core. the cyto- and genotoxicity of the synthesized polymers were evaluated with a bacterial luminescence test, two protozoan assays and salmonella typhimurium ta1535. the presence of a newly formed covalent bo ... | 2014 | 24914899 |
| comparative study of thermal stability of magnetostrictive biosensor between two kinds of biorecognition elements. | magnetostrictive biosensors specific to salmonella typhimurium were prepared by immobilizing antibody or phage as biorecognition elements onto the magnetostrictive sensor platform. the sensors were stored at temperatures of 25 °c (room temperature), 45 °c and 65 °c, respectively, and the ability to bind s. typhimurium was detected by testing the resonant frequency shift using a hp network analyzer after exposure to 1 ml of 1×10(9) cfu/ml of s. typhimurium at a predetermined schedule. the binding ... | 2014 | 24907740 |
| immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of cronobacter in powdered infant formula in combination with silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles separation and 16s rrna probe. | here we developed a sensitive, specific, and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of cronobacter. silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used to separate nucleic acid from cronobacter lysate and eliminate the interference of food matrices successfully. a couple of 5'-end labeled probes, which was complementary to the 16s ribosomal dna of cronobacter, was used to hybridize with the nucleic acid. the hybrid product, labeled with digoxigenin on one side and biotin on the othe ... | 2014 | 24907538 |