| molecular level understanding of resistance to nalidixic acid in salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium associates with the s83f sequence type. | nalidixic acid is an antibiotic drug used for treatment of salmonellosis, a gastrointestinal infection. dna gyrase subunit a (gyra) of salmonella typhimurium is the drug target for nalidixic acid. resistance of gyra to nalidixic acid, because of a point mutation in s. typhimurium, was recently reported. substitution of phe in place of ser at locus 83 in gyra of s. typhimurium has been experimentally associated with nalidixic acid resistance. despite recent efforts, the mechanism of this resistan ... | 2016 | 26329667 |
| seasonal fluctuations in air pollution in dazaifu, japan, and effect of long-range transport from mainland east asia. | to clarify the seasonal fluctuations in air pollution and the effect of long-range transport, we collected airborne particles (n=118) at dazaifu in fukuoka, japan, from june 2012 to may 2013 and measured pb and so4(2-), which are indicators of the long-range transport of anthropogenic air pollutants, as well as their mutagenicity, and other factors. the levels of airborne particles, pb, and so4(2-) were very high on march 4, 8, 9, and 19, and may 13, 21, and 22, 2013. the backward trajectories i ... | 2015 | 26328496 |
| insights into stabilizing interactions in the distorted domain-swapped dimer of salmonella typhimurium survival protein. | the survival protein sure from salmonella typhimurium (stsure) is a dimeric protein that functions as a phosphatase. sure dimers are formed by the swapping of a loop with a pair of β-strands and a c-terminal helix between two protomers. in a previous study, the asp230 and his234 residues were mutated to ala to abolish a hydrogen bond that was thought to be crucial for c-terminal helix swapping. these mutations led to functionally inactive and distorted dimers in which the two protomers were rela ... | 2015 | 26327371 |
| assessment by ames test and comet assay of toxicity potential of polymer used to develop field-capable rapid-detection device to analyze environmental samples. | there is need for devices that decrease detection time of food-borne pathogens from days to real-time. in this study, a rapid-detection device is being developed and assessed for potential cytotoxicity. the device is comprised of melt-spun polypropylene coupons coated via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (ocvd) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (edot), for conductivity and 3-thiopheneethanol (3te), allowing antibody attachment. the ames test and comet assay have been used in this study to exami ... | 2017 | 26301164 |
| motility modulation by the small non-coding rna sroc in salmonella typhimurium. | bacterial regulatory networks of gene expression include the interaction of diverse types of molecules such as the small non-coding rnas (srnas) and their cognate messenger rnas (mrnas). in this study, we demonstrated that the salmonella typhimurium srna sroc is significantly expressed between the late-exponential and stationary phase of growth in an rpos-dependent manner. the expression of flagellar genes predicted as targets of this srna was quantitatively analyzed in both a δsroc mutant and a ... | 2015 | 26293911 |
| salmonella induces pd-l1 expression in b cells. | salmonella persists for a long time in b cells; however, the mechanism(s) through which infected b cells avoid effector cd8 t cell responses has not been characterized. in this study, we show that salmonella infects and survives within all b1 and b2 cell subpopulations. b cells are infected with a salmonella typhimurium strain expressing an ovalbumin (ova) peptide (siinfekl) to evaluate whether b cells process and present salmonella antigens in the context of mhc-i molecules. our data showed tha ... | 2015 | 26292028 |
| antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of tragopogon longirostis var. longirostis, an edible wild plant in turkey. | the ethanolic extract of tragopogon longirostis var. longirostis, a wild edible plant in anatolia was isolated, and its antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenic properties were investigated. | 2017 | 26288475 |
| genetically modified "obligate" anaerobic salmonella typhimurium as a therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma. | neuroblastoma currently has poor prognosis, therefore we proposed a new strategy by targeting neuroblastoma with genetically engineered anaerobic salmonella (sal-yb1). | 2015 | 26286454 |
| hha has a defined regulatory role that is not dependent upon h-ns or stpa. | the hha family of proteins is involved in the regulation of gene expression in enterobacteria by forming complexes with h-ns-like proteins. whereas several amino acid residues of both proteins participate in the interaction, some of them play a key role. residue d48 of hha protein is essential for the interaction with h-ns, thus the d48n substitution in hha protein abrogates h-ns/hha interaction. despite being a paralog of h-ns protein, stpa interacts with hhad48n with higher affinity than with ... | 2015 | 26284052 |
| prazosin-conjugated matrices based on biodegradable polymers and α-amino acids--synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study. | novel and promising macromolecular conjugates of the α1-adrenergic blocker prazosin were directly synthesized by covalent incorporation of the drug to matrices composed of biodegradable polymers and α-amino acids for the development of a polymeric implantable drug delivery carrier. the cyto- and genotoxicity of the synthesized matrices were evaluated using a bacterial luminescence test, protozoan assay, and salmonella typhimurium ta1535. a new urethane bond was formed between the hydroxyl end-gr ... | 2015 | 26274943 |
| symmetry controlled, genetic presentation of bioactive proteins on the p22 virus-like particle using an external decoration protein. | viruses use spatial control of constituent proteins as a means of manipulating and evading host immune systems. similarly, precise spatial control of proteins encapsulated or presented on designed nanoparticles has the potential to biomimetically amplify or shield biological interactions. previously, we have shown the ability to encapsulate a wide range of guest proteins within the virus-like particle (vlp) from salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage p22, including antigenic proteins from human pa ... | 2015 | 26266824 |
| correction: correction: signatures of adaptation in human invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 populations from sub-saharan africa. | | 2015 | 26252636 |
| structures of substrate- and nucleotide-bound propionate kinase from salmonella typhimurium: substrate specificity and phosphate-transfer mechanism. | kinases are ubiquitous enzymes that are pivotal to many biochemical processes. there are contrasting views on the phosphoryl-transfer mechanism in propionate kinase, an enzyme that reversibly transfers a phosphoryl group from propionyl phosphate to adp in the final step of non-oxidative catabolism of l-threonine to propionate. here, x-ray crystal structures of propionate- and nucleotide-bound salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase are reported at 1.8-2.0 å resolution. although the mode of nucl ... | 2015 | 26249345 |
| tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r arrests a chemo-resistant patient soft-tissue sarcoma in nude mice. | a patient-derived nude-mouse model of soft-tissue sarcoma has been established and treated in the following groups: (1) untreated controls; (2) gemcitabine (gem) (80 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 3 weeks); (3) pazopanib (100 mg/kg, orally, daily, 3 weeks) and (4) salmonella typhimurium a1-r (5 × 10(7) cfu/body, ip, weekly, 3 weeks). the sarcoma was resistant to gem (p = 0.879). pazopanib tended to reduce the tumor volume compared to the untreated mice, but there was no significant difference (p = 0.115). s ... | 2015 | 26237416 |
| monitoring the incidence and causes of diseases potentially transmitted by food in australia: annual report of the ozfoodnet network, 2011. | this report summarises the incidence of diseases potentially transmitted by food in australia and details outbreaks associated with food in 2011. ozfoodnet sites reported 30,957 notifications of 9 diseases or conditions that may be transmitted by food. the most commonly notified infections were campylobacter (17,733 notifications) followed by salmonella (12,271 notifications). the most frequently notified salmonella serotype was salmonella typhimurium, accounting for 48% of all salmonella notifi ... | 2015 | 26234259 |
| methionine sulfoxide reductase a (msra) contributes to salmonella typhimurium survival against oxidative attack of neutrophils. | salmonella typhimurium (st) must evade neutrophil assault for infection establishment in the host. myeloperoxidase generated hocl is the key antimicrobial agent produced by the neutrophils; and methionine (met) residues are the primary targets of this oxidant. oxidation of mets leads to methionine sulfoxide (met-so) formation and consequently compromises the protein function(s). methionine sulfoxide reductase a (msra) reductively repairs met-so to mets. in this manner, msra maintains the functio ... | 2015 | 26224245 |
| a tpl2 (map3k8) disease-risk polymorphism increases tpl2 expression thereby leading to increased pattern recognition receptor-initiated caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation, signalling and cytokine secretion. | ibd is characterised by dysregulated intestinal immune homeostasis and cytokine secretion. in the intestine, properly regulating pattern recognition receptor (prr)-mediated signalling and cytokines is crucial given the ongoing host-microbial interactions. tpl2 (map3k8, cot) contributes to prr-initiated pathways, yet the mechanisms for tpl2 signalling contributions in primary human myeloid cells are incompletely understood and its role in intestinal myeloid cells is poorly defined. furthermore, f ... | 2016 | 26215868 |
| polyphenols rich fraction from geoffroea decorticans fruits flour affects key enzymes involved in metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and inflammatory process. | geoffroea decorticans (chañar), is widely distributed throughout northwestern argentina. its fruit is consumed as flour, arrope or hydroalcoholic beverage. the chañar fruits flour was obtained and 39 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by hplc-ms/ms(n). the compounds comprised caffeic acid glycosides, simple phenolics (protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid), a glycoside of vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and its phenethyl ester as well as free and glycosylated flavonoids. the polypheno ... | 2016 | 26212988 |
| effect of dietary nonphytate phosphorus content on ileal lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine expression in the cecal tonsils and spleen of laying hens that were or were not orally inoculated with salmonella typhimurium. | to evaluate the effects of dietary nonphytate phosphorus (npp) content on ileal lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine expression in the cecal tonsils and spleen of hens that were or were not inoculated with salmonella typhimurium. | 2015 | 26207969 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) differentially affects inflammatory immune responses in human monocytes infected with viable salmonella or stimulated with lps. | we compared the effect of vip on human blood monocytes infected with salmonella typhimurium 4/74 or stimulated with lps. vip (10(-7)m) increased monocyte viability by 24% and 9% when cultured for 24h with 4/74 or salmonella lps (100ng/ml), respectively. significantly increased (p<0.05) numbers of 4/74 were also recovered from monocytes co-cultured with vip after 6h post-infection (pi) and this remained high after 24h pi. both 4/74 and lps increased (p<0.05) the concentration of tnf-α, il-1β and ... | 2015 | 26206287 |
| microencapsulated sorbic acid and pure botanicals affect salmonella typhimurium shedding in pigs: a close-up look from weaning to slaughter in controlled and field conditions. | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combination of sorbic acid, thymol, and carvacrol in reducing the prevalence and shedding level of salmonella typhimurium in pigs either in a controlled challenge environment or in a production setting. in the first study, 24 weaned piglets were separated in 4 isolation units (6 piglets/isolation unit). each unit received either a basal diet (no treatment) or a microencapsulated mixture of sorbic acid, thymol, and carvacrol at 1, 2, or 5 g/kg ... | 2015 | 26203634 |
| combination of dynamic magnetophoretic separation and stationary magnetic trap for highly sensitive and selective detection of salmonella typhimurium in complex matrix. | foodborne illnesses have always been a serious problem that threats public health, so it is necessary to develop a method that can detect the pathogens rapidly and sensitively. in this study, we designed a magnetic controlled microfluidic device which integrated the dynamic magnetophoretic separation and stationary magnetic trap together for sensitive and selective detection of salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium). coupled with immunomagnetic nanospheres (imns), this device could separate and ... | 2015 | 26201979 |
| comparative cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 13 drinking water disinfection by-products using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed sos/umu assay. | the implications of disinfection by-products (dbps) present in drinking water are of public health concern because of their potential mutagenic, carcinogenic and other toxic effects on humans. in this study, we selected 13 main dbps found in drinking water to quantitatively analyse their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed sos/umu assay in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002. with the developed sos/umu test, eight dbps: 3-chloro-4-(dichloro ... | 2016 | 26188195 |
| evaluation of in vitro and in vivo safety profile of the indian traditional medicinal plant grewia tiliaefolia. | grewia tiliaefolia vahl., is a subtropical tree used in ayurvedic formulations and also by tribal communities in india for treatment of wounds, urinary infection and skin diseases. despite of its medicinal use, the plant has not been previously tested for its safety. this study evaluated the toxicological profile of the methanolic extract of g. tiliaefolia leaves (megt) through in vitro (cytotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic) and in vivo (acute and sub-acute) studies. in vitro assays conclude that the ... | 2015 | 26188119 |
| correction: granulocytes impose a tight bottleneck upon the gut luminal pathogen population during salmonella typhimurium colitis. | | 2015 | 26186334 |
| nlrp3 inflammasome activation downstream of cytoplasmic lps recognition by both caspase-4 and caspase-5. | humans encode two inflammatory caspases that detect cytoplasmic lps, caspase-4 and caspase-5. when activated, these trigger pyroptotic cell death and caspase-1-dependent il-1β production; however the mechanism underlying this process is not yet confirmed. we now show that a specific nlrp3 inhibitor, mcc950, prevents caspase-4/5-dependent il-1β production elicited by transfected lps. given that both caspase-4 and caspase-5 can detect cytoplasmic lps, it is possible that these proteins exhibit som ... | 2015 | 26173988 |
| induction of immunocastration in pre-pubertal boars immunized with recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone conjugated with salmonella typhimurium flagellin fljb. | immunocastration is an alternative method used to replace surgical castration commonly performed in swine farms. in boars, the main effects of immunocastration are reduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and the resulting inhibition of testicular function. the aim of this study was to evaluate immunocastration efficacy in pre-pubertal boars vaccinated with a recombinant gnrh protein conjugated with salmonella typhimurium flagellin fljb (stf2). a total of 35 boars were assigned to thre ... | 2015 | 26164876 |
| attenuated mutant strain of salmonella typhimurium lacking the znuabc transporter contrasts tumor growth promoting anti-cancer immune response. | salmonella typhimurium has been shown to be highly effective as antitumor agent. the aim of this study was to investigate the tumor targeting efficacy and the mechanism of action of a specific attenuated mutant strain of salmonella typhimurium (stm) devoid of the whole operon coding for the high-affinity zinc transporter znuabc, which is required for bacterial growth in environments poor in zinc and for conferring full virulence to different gram-negative pathogens.we showed that stm is able to ... | 2015 | 26158862 |
| stool bacteriomic profiling in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. | diarrhea occurs in approximately half of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mrcc) receiving vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (vegf-tki). we evaluated the relationship between vegf-tki-related diarrhea and stool microbiota. | 2015 | 26152743 |
| expression of the blood-group-related gene b4galnt2 alters susceptibility to salmonella infection. | glycans play important roles in host-microbe interactions. tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (b4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of b4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. we hypothesized that variation in b4galnt2 expression alters susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. to test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different b4galnt2 tiss ... | 2015 | 26133982 |
| a boundary value approach to optimization with an application to salmonella competition. | we develop a novel optimization framework to study strategies in ecological competition processes. the optimization method uses theory from dynamical systems describing the asymptotic behavior of a bistable system based on initial conditions, which we implement using a numerical boundary value problem. as an application of our method, we develop a model of the competition between salmonella typhimurium and the host's native microflora, which constantly and densely inhabit the intestinal lining o ... | 2015 | 26122824 |
| quantification of viable but nonculturable salmonella spp. and shigella spp. during sludge anaerobic digestion and their reactivation during cake storage. | the presence of viable but nonculturable (vbnc) bacterial pathogens which often fail to be detected by cultivation and can regain the cultivability if the living conditions improve were reported. the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of vbnc salmonella spp. and shigella spp. in the biosolids during anaerobic digestion and its reactivation during the cake storage. | 2015 | 26119588 |
| salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with a contaminated food container in a school in sichuan province, china. | on 13 june 2013, a fever and diarrhoea outbreak occurred in a boarding school in sichuan province. we conducted a field investigation and compared food exposure of 81 case students and 104 control students (years 7 and 8) in order to identify the source of infection. there were 401 cases identified (399 students and two cooks). the attack rates were 23-46% in nursery, primary, and secondary schools, but 0% in the high school. eighty-five percent of case students, consumed cowpea salad compared t ... | 2016 | 26119077 |
| fatty acids composition and biofilm production of attenuated salmonella typhimurium dam and seqa mutants after exposure to uv-c. | the goal of this work was the investigation of correlation between some peculiarities of membrane fatty acids composition, biofilm formation, and motility of dam and/or seqa mutants in salmonella typhimurium bacterial cells and uv-c radiations. the exposure changed the fatty acids composition of dam and seqa/dam strains. significant increase of unsaturated fatty acids was observed. swarming and swimming were enhanced only in dam mutant and biofilm formation increased significantly in all tested ... | 2015 | 26088950 |
| correction: signatures of adaptation in human invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 populations from sub-saharan africa. | | 2015 | 26076129 |
| toxicogenetic effects of low concentrations of the pesticides imidacloprid and sulfentrazone individually and in combination in in vitro tests with hepg2 cells and salmonella typhimurium. | the insecticide imidacloprid and the herbicide sulfentrazone are two different classes of pesticides that are used for pest control in sugarcane agriculture. to evaluate the genotoxic potential of low concentrations of these two pesticides alone and in mixture, the comet assay and the micronucleus (mn) test employing fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with a centromeric probe were applied in human hepatoma cell lines (hepg2), in a 24-h assay. mutagenicity was assessed by salmonella/micros ... | 2015 | 26074310 |
| synergistic antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles combined with ineffective antibiotics on drug resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104. | synergistic antibacterial activity of combined silver nanoparticles (agnps) with tetracycline (polykeptide), neomycin (aminoglycoside), and penicillin (β-lactam) was tested against the multidrug resistant bacterium salmonella typhimurium dt104. dose-dependent inhibition of salmonella typhimurium dt104 growth is observed for tetracycline-agnps and neomycin-agnps combination with ic50 of 0.07 μg/ml and 0.43 μg/ml, respectively. there is no inhibition by the penicillin-agnps combination. these resu ... | 2015 | 26072671 |
| back to the future: are tumor-targeting bacteria the next-generation cancer therapy? | cancer patients infected with various bacteria were reported, for at least two centuries, to have spontaneous remission. w.b. coley, of what is now the memorial sloan-kettering cancer center, pioneered bacterial therapy of cancer in the clinic with considerable success beginning in the late nineteenth century. after coley died in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer essentially ended. currently there is much excitement in developing bacterial therapy for treating cancer using either obligate or fac ... | 2015 | 26072411 |
| in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluations of methyl ferulate, methyl p-coumarate, and pulegone 1,2-epoxide. | toxicological screening of natural compounds for medicinal purposes. | 2016 | 26067677 |
| bacteria moving into focus of human cancer. | although bacteria have long been associated with human cancer, drawing causal relationships has been difficult. in this issue of cell host & microbe, scanu et al. (2015) provide evidence for a transforming activity of salmonella typhimurium on predisposed host cells, which can subsequently form tumors in a xenograft model. | 2015 | 26067598 |
| a direct screen for c-di-gmp modulators reveals a salmonella typhimurium periplasmic ʟ-arginine-sensing pathway. | cyclic-di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a bacterial second messenger that transduces internal and external signals and regulates bacterial motility and biofilm formation. some organisms encode more than 100 c-di-gmp-modulating enzymes, but only for a few has a signal been defined that modulates their activity. we developed and applied a high-throughput, real-time flow cytometry method that uses a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret)-based biosensor of free c-di-gmp to screen for signals that modula ... | 2015 | 26060330 |
| tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r in combination with trastuzumab eradicates her-2-positive cervical cancer cells in patient-derived mouse models. | we have previously developed mouse models of her-2-positive cervical cancer. tumors in nude mice had histological structures similar to the original tumor and were stained by anti-her-2 antibody in the same pattern as the patient's cancer. we have also previously developed tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r and have demonstrated its efficacy against patient-derived tumor mouse models, both alone and in combination. in the current study, we determined the efficacy of s. typhimurium a1-r ... | 2015 | 26047477 |
| antimicrobial effects of nisin, essential oil, and γ-irradiation treatments against high load of salmonella typhimurium on mini-carrots. | this study aimed at using essential oil (eo) alone or combined eo with nisin and γ-irradiation to control salmonella typhimurium during the refrigerated storage of mini-carrots. peeled mini-carrots were inoculated with s. typhimurium at a final concentration of approximately 7 log cfu/g. inoculated samples were coated by 5 different coating solutions: (i) nisin solution at final concentration of 10(3) iu/ml; (ii) mountain savory eo solution at 0.35%; (iii) carvacrol solution at 0.35%; (iv) mount ... | 2015 | 26040299 |
| soluble flagellin coimmunization attenuates th1 priming to salmonella and clearance by modulating dendritic cell activation and cytokine production. | soluble flagellin (sflic) from salmonella typhimurium (stm) can induce a th2 response to itself and coadministered antigens through ligation of tlr5. these properties suggest that sflic could potentially modulate responses to th1 antigens like live stm if both antigens are given concurrently. after coimmunization of mice with sflic and stm there was a reduction in th1 t cells (t-bet(+) ifn-γ(+) cd4 t cells) compared to stm alone and there was impaired clearance of stm. in contrast, there was no ... | 2015 | 26036767 |
| a mutagenicity and cytotoxicity study of limonium effusum aqueous extracts by allium, ames and mtt tests. | nowadays plants or plant extracts have become very important for alternative medicine. plants and their extracts have many therapeutical advantages but some of them are potentially toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. root, stem and leafparts of limonium effusum were used in this study and this species is an endemic species for turkey. mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of root, stem and leaf aqueous extracts were observed with allium, ames and mtt tests. allium root growth inhibition te ... | 2015 | 26030975 |
| outbreak of uncommon o4 non-agglutinating salmonella typhimurium linked to minced pork, saxony-anhalt, germany, january to april 2013. | in january 2013, the national reference centre for salmonella (nrc) detected a salmonellosis cluster in saxony-anhalt, germany, caused by uncommon o4 non-agglutinating, monophasic salmonella (s.) typhimurium dt193. circulating predominant monophasic s. typhimurium dt193 clones typically display resistance phenotype assut. we investigated common exposures to control the outbreak, and conducted microbiological investigations to assess the strains' phenotype. | 2015 | 26030424 |
| interferon-gamma and nitric oxide synthase 2 mediate the aggregation of resident adherent peritoneal exudate cells: implications for the host response to pathogens. | interferon-gamma (ifnγ), a key macrophage activating cytokine, plays pleiotropic roles in host immunity. in this study, the ability of ifnγ to induce the aggregation of resident mouse adherent peritoneal exudate cells (apecs), consisting primarily of macrophages, was investigated. cell-cell interactions involve adhesion molecules and, upon addition of ifnγ, cd11b re-localizes preferentially to the sites of interaction on apecs. a functional role of cd11b in enhancing aggregation is demonstrated ... | 2015 | 26029930 |
| antimutagenic and anticancer activity of al madinah alhasawy mint (mentha longifolia) leaves extract. | mentha is one of the genera of lamiaceae family. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimutagenic and anticancer activity of the water and methanolic extract of alhasawy mint (mentha longifolia), that grown in madina province, western region, saudi arabia using three different bioassays namely; brine shrimp bioassay, ames mutagenicity bioassay using 3 hist-salmonella typhimurium strains of different mutations (ta98, ta97 and ta100) and 2 reference mutagenic drugs nitrosopiperidine ... | 2014 | 26027170 |
| quantitative evaluation of dna damage and mutation rate by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (artp) and conventional mutagenesis. | dna damage is the dominant source of mutation, which is the driving force of evolution. therefore, it is important to quantitatively analyze the dna damage caused by different mutagenesis methods, the subsequent mutation rates, and their relationship. atmospheric and room temperature plasma (artp) mutagenesis has been used for the mutation breeding of more than 40 microorganisms. however, artp mutagenesis has not been quantitatively compared with conventional mutation methods. in this study, the ... | 2015 | 26025015 |
| effect of different doses of manuka honey in experimentally induced mouse typhoid. | typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. data from world health organization (who) shows that 21 million cases of typhoid occur globally every year and over 200,000 die each year; most of them at a very young age. the situation in pakistan is similar. typhi and other typhoidal salmonellae have developed resistance to chloramphenicol and other first line anti-typhoid. there is a rapid increase in multi-drug resistance (mdr) throughout the world. there is ... | 2015 | 26004722 |
| dominant suppression of inflammation via targeted mutation of the mrna destabilizing protein tristetraprolin. | in myeloid cells, the mrna-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (ttp) is induced and extensively phosphorylated in response to lps. to investigate the role of two specific phosphorylations, at serines 52 and 178, we created a mouse strain in which those residues were replaced by nonphosphorylatable alanine residues. the mutant form of ttp was constitutively degraded by the proteasome and therefore expressed at low levels, yet it functioned as a potent mrna destabilizing factor and inhibitor of ... | 2015 | 26002976 |
| mutagenicity and chemopreventive activities of astronium species assessed by ames test. | in the neotropical savannah, astronium species are used in popular medicine to treat allergies, inflammation, diarrhea and ulcers. given that natural products are promising starting points for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of astronium spp. the mutagenicity was determined by the ames test on salmonella typhimurium strains ta98, ta97a, ta100 and ta102. the ... | 2015 | 26002624 |
| periplasmic superoxide dismutase sodci of salmonella binds peptidoglycan to remain tethered within the periplasm. | salmonellae survive and propagate in macrophages to cause serious systemic disease. periplasmic superoxide dismutase plays a critical role in this survival by combating phagocytic superoxide. salmonella typhimurium strain 14028 produces two periplasmic superoxide dismutases: sodci and sodcii. although both proteins are produced during infection, only sodci is functional in the macrophage phagosome. we have previously shown that sodci, relative to sodcii, is both protease resistant and tethered w ... | 2015 | 25998832 |
| fluorofenidone inhibits macrophage il-1β production by suppressing inflammasome activity. | interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine that plays an important role in renal fibrosis. fluorofenidone (akf-pd) is a novel pyridone agent that exerts a strong renal anti-fibrotic effect. we previously found that administration of akf-pd could significantly attenuate il-1β production in vitro and in vivo. however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. here we show that akf-pd has no effect on the expression of pro-il-1β in activated mouse macr ... | 2015 | 25983199 |
| transnitrosation of non-mutagenic n-nitrosoproline forms mutagenic n-nitroso-n-methylurea. | n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu) is a potent carcinogen and suspected as a cause of human cancer. in this study, mutagenic nmu was detected by hplc after the transnitrosation of non-mutagenic n-nitrosoproline (np) to n-methylurea in the presence of thiourea (tu) under acidic conditions. the structure of nmu was confirmed by comparing (1)h nmr and ir spectra with that of authentic nmu after fractionation by column chromatography. furthermore, a fraction containing nmu formed by transnitrosation was m ... | 2015 | 25975641 |
| electronic properties of environmental pollutants and their mutagenic activity: nitro derivatives of azaphenanthrenes. | the physico-chemical properties of nitroazaphenanthrene isomers: 4-nitro-9-azaphenanthrene (4-n-9-aph), 5-nitro-9-azaphenanthrene (5-n-9-aph), 6-nitro-4-azaphenanthrene (6-n-4-aph), 8-nitro-1-azaphenanthrene (8-n-1-aph), and 8-nitro-4-azaphenanthrene (8-n-4-aph) have been investigated theoretically using density functional theory (dft) calculations. equilibrium geometries, relative stability, ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular electrostatic potentials, dipole moments, electric ... | 2015 | 25974009 |
| tumor-specifically hypoxia-induced therapy of spry1/2 displayed differential therapeutic efficacy for melanoma. | activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (rtk) signalling pathways is frequently correlated to cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell survival. sprouty (spry) proteins function as a physiological endogenous inhibitor of rtk signalling pathways, have been shown to be deregulated in most cancer cells. here, we demonstrated that over-expression of spry1 and spry2 inhibited b16f10 cell proliferation through g1 phase arrest in vitro, and spry2 showed more potent inhibitory effects than spry1. ... | 2015 | 25973316 |
| silver nanoparticles: correlating nanoparticle size and cellular uptake with genotoxicity. | the focus of this research was to develop a better understanding of the pertinent physico-chemical properties of silver nanoparticles (agnps) that affect genotoxicity, specifically how cellular uptake influences a genotoxic cell response. the genotoxicity of agnps was assessed for three potential mechanisms: mutagenicity, clastogenicity and dna strand-break-based dna damage. mutagenicity (reverse mutation assay) was assessed in five bacterial strains of salmonella typhimurium and echerichia coli ... | 2015 | 25964273 |
| induction of crossover by introduction of aro554:tn10 into salmonella chromosome. | one of the ancient methods for the generation of bacterial mutants was to insert the composite transposable elements (e.g. tn10) flanked by desired gene sequences, into the bacterial chromosome. this mechanism of dna integrating into a chromosome can sometimes not only lead to the creation of desired mutants but also induced other recombination event within the chromosome. several studies have reported alterations such as deletion, insertion, inversion and both deletion/inversion in the bacteria ... | 2015 | 25961422 |
| (anti)mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of quercetin glycosides. | quercetin-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-o-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown. | 2016 | 25960089 |
| intraperitoneal administration of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r inhibits disseminated human ovarian cancer and extends survival in nude mice. | peritoneal disseminated cancer is highly treatment resistant. we here report the efficacy of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r in a nude mouse model of disseminated human ovarian cancer. the mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of the human ovarian cancer cell line skov3-gfp. seven days after implantation, mice were treated with s. typhimurium a1-r via intravenous (i.v.) or i.p. administration at the same dose, 5 × 10(7) cfu, ... | 2015 | 25957417 |
| in vitro real-time measurement of the intra-bacterial redox potential. | all bacteria that live in oxygenated environments have to deal with oxidative stress caused by some form of exogenous or endogenous reactive oxygen species (ros) (imlay, 2013). large quantities of ros damage dna, lipids and proteins which can eventually lead to bacterial cell death (imlay, 2013). in contrast, smaller quantities of ros can play more sophisticated roles in cellular signalling pathways affecting almost every process in the bacterial cell e.g. metabolism, stress responses, transcrip ... | 2015 | 27617271 |
| neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel non-thiazolidinedione pparγ agonist in vitro and in mptp-treated mice. | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)γ is a potential pharmacological target for disease-modification in parkinson's disease (pd), mainly acting by modulating the neuroinflammatory response. however, currently available agonists thiazolidinediones (tzds) present limitations due to safety concerns. we evaluated a novel thiobarbituric-like compound mdg548, which acts as a functional pparγ agonist displaying higher and selective binding affinity as compared to tzds. neuroprotection by m ... | 2015 | 25907448 |
| nanoparticle albumin-bound-paclitaxel: a limited improvement under the current therapeutic paradigm of pancreatic cancer. | nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel is paclitaxel linked to albumin nanoparticles, which makes it soluble and is an example of an application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. the development of nanotechnology as a delivery system for nab-paclitaxel has improved the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel, in part by decreasing its hydrophobicity. nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine has slightly improved survival in pancreatic cancer, compared to gemcitabine ... | 2015 | 25887245 |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte apoptosis is accelerated by sulfatides or sulfatides-treated salmonella typhimurium bacteria. | neutrophils die by apoptosis following activation and uptake of microbes or enter apoptosis spontaneously at the end of their lifespan if they do not encounter a pathogen. here we report that sulfatides or sulfatides-treated salmonella typhimurium bacteria accelerated human neutrophil apoptosis. neutrophil apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. sulfatides caused prominent increase in percentage of apoptotic cells after 2.5 hrs of incubation. salmonella typhimurium bacteria by themselves did n ... | 2015 | 25883957 |
| in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extract of clerodendrum paniculatum root. | clerodendrum paniculatum l. (family verbenaceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug in traditional thai medicine. this present study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of c. paniculatum (cpe) dried root collected from sa kaeo province of thailand. murine macrophage j774a.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) to evaluate nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and prostagland ... | 2017 | 25878973 |
| recombinant salmonella-based ceacam6 and 4-1bbl vaccine enhances t-cell immunity and inhibits the development of colorectal cancer in rats: in vivo effects of vaccine containing 4-1bbl and ceacam6. | the present study aimed to determine the effect of recombinant salmonella (sl3261)-based ceacam6 and 4-1bb ligand (4-1bbl) vaccine on the development of colorectal cancer in rats and the potential immune mechanisms involved. attenuated salmonella typhimurium (vaccine strain)‑carrying plasmids pires-ceacam6, pires‑4‑1bbl and pires-ceacam6-4-1bbl were constructed. the rats were administered subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (dmh) once a week for 18 weeks. eight weeks after the firs ... | 2015 | 25872647 |
| structural and functional studies of nirc from salmonella typhimurium. | nirc is a pentameric transport system for monovalent anions that is expressed in the context of assimilatory nitrite reductase nirbd in a wide variety of enterobacterial species. a nirc pentamer contains individual pores in each protomer that mediate the passage of at least the nitrite [formula: see text] and nitrate [formula: see text] anions. as a member of the formate/nitrite transporter family of membrane transport proteins, nirc shares a range of structural and functional features with the ... | 2015 | 25857796 |
| delivery of cardiolipins to the salmonella outer membrane is necessary for survival within host tissues and virulence. | the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that serves as a barrier to the environment. during infection, gram-negative bacteria remodel their om to promote survival and replication within host tissues. salmonella rely on the phopq two-component regulators to coordinate om remodeling in response to environmental cues. in a screen for mediators of phopq-regulated om remodeling in salmonella typhimurium, we identified pbga, a periplasmic domain-containing tran ... | 2015 | 25856753 |
| part 3. assessment of genotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats after chronic exposure to new-technology diesel exhaust in the aces bioassay. | in 2001, the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa*) and the california air resources board (carb) adopted new standards for diesel fuel and emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. by 2007, diesel engines were required to meet these new standards for particulate matter (pm), with other standards to follow. through a combination of advanced compression-ignition engine technology, development of exhaust aftertreatment systems, and reformulated fuels, stringent standards were introduced. befo ... | 2015 | 25842617 |
| molecular modeling, simulation and virtual screening of murd ligase protein from salmonella typhimurium lt2. | the mur enzymes of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway constitute ideal targets for the design of new classes of antimicrobial inhibitors in gram-negative bacteria. we built a homology model of murd of salmonella typhimurium lt2 using modeller (9v12) software. 'the homology model was subjected to energy minimization by molecular dynamics (md) simulation study with gromacs software for a simulation time of 20 ns in water environment. the model was subjected for virtual screening study from the ... | 2015 | 25841669 |
| mutagenicity of drinking water sampled from the yangtze river and hanshui river (wuhan section) and correlations with water quality parameters. | a total of 54 water samples were collected during three different hydrologic periods (level period, wet period, and dry period) from plant a and plant b (a source for yangtze river and hanshui river water, respectively), and several water parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand (cod), turbidity, and total organic carbon (toc), were simultaneously analyzed. the mutagenicity of the water samples was evaluated using the ames test with salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100. according to t ... | 2015 | 25825837 |
| cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of organomodified clays potentially used in food packaging. | modern food packaging has made great advances as result of global trends and consumer preferences, which are oriented to obtain improved food quality and safety. in this regard, clay minerals, and mainly montmorillonite (mt) are attracting considerable interest in food packaging because of the improvements developed in mechanical and barrier properties. hence, the present work aim to assess the toxicity of four montmorillonite-based clay minerals, an unmodified clay, cloisite®na+ (cna+), and thr ... | 2015 | 25820134 |
| pegylation of the peptide bac7(1-35) reduces renal clearance while retaining antibacterial activity and bacterial cell penetration capacity. | the proline-rich antibacterial peptide bac7(1-35) protects mice against salmonella typhimurium infection, despite its rapid clearance. to overcome this problem the peptide was linked to a polyethylene glycol (peg) molecule either via a cleavable ester bond or via a non-hydrolysable amide bond. both the pegylated conjugates retained most of the in vitro activity against s. typhimurium. in addition, the ester bond was cleaved in human serum or plasma, releasing a carboxymethyl derivative of bac7(1 ... | 2015 | 25817771 |
| improving adjuvant systems for polyclonal egg yolk antibody (igy) production in laying hens in terms of productivity and animal welfare. | the antibody production in the egg yolks of immunized laying hens is seen as a way of improving animal welfare compared with conventional production by mammals. immunoglobulin y (igy) technology, however, has still to address welfare issues linked to the widespread use of an adjuvant in vaccines. currently, freund's adjuvants, complete (fca) or incomplete (fia), remain the standard. this study sought to evaluate various approaches used to enhance egg yolk antibody production in terms of both pro ... | 2015 | 25813905 |
| molecular profiling of sepsis in mice using fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. | sepsis is a life threatening condition resulting from a high burden of infection. it is a major health care problem and associated with inflammation, organ dysfunction and significant mortality. however, proper understanding and delineating the changes that occur during this complex condition remains a challenge. a comparative study involving intra-peritoneal injection of balb/c mice with salmonella typhimurium (infection), lipopolysaccharide (endotoxic shock) or thioglycollate (sterile peritoni ... | 2016 | 25808727 |
| investigating the mutagenic effects of three commonly used pulpotomy agents using the ames test. | the mutagenic potency of materials used in dentistry is of great concern. the ames test is a bacterial reverse mutation assay, which is used to determine the mutagenicity potential of chemicals. in this study, the ames test was used to compare mutagenic effects of three pulpotomy agents, namely, cem cement, formocresol and ferric sulfate. | 2015 | 25789229 |
| autophagy receptor ndp52 regulates pathogen-containing autophagosome maturation. | xenophagy, an essential anti-microbial cell-autonomous mechanism, relies on the ability of the autophagic process to selectively entrap intracellular pathogens within autophagosomes to degrade them in autolysosomes. this selective targeting is carried out by specialized autophagy receptors, such as ndp52, but it is unknown whether the fusion of pathogen-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes is also regulated by pathogen-specific cellular factors. here, we show that ndp52 also promotes the mat ... | 2015 | 25771791 |
| anti-fibrogenic effects of the anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin in murine colitis-associated fibrosis. | cathelicidin (ll-37 in human and mcramp in mice) represents a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides with anti-inflammatory effects. ll-37 also suppresses collagen synthesis, an important fibrotic response, in dermal fibroblasts. here we determined whether exogenous cathelicidin administration modulates intestinal fibrosis in two animal models of intestinal inflammation and in human colonic fibroblasts. | 2015 | 25729764 |
| crystal structure of atp-binding subunit of an abc transporter from geobacillus kaustophilus. | the atp binding cassette (abc) transporters, represent one of the largest superfamilies of primary transporters, which are very essential for various biological functions. the crystal structure of atp-binding subunit of an abc transporter from geobacillus kaustophilus has been determined at 1.77 å resolution. the crystal structure revealed that the protomer has two thick arms, (arm i and ii), which resemble 'l' shape. the atp-binding pocket is located close to the end of arm i. atp molecule is d ... | 2015 | 25724946 |
| improved oral therapeutic potential of nanoencapsulated cryptdin formulation against salmonella infection. | an encapsulated system for cryptdin-2 (a paneth cell antimicrobial peptide) was developed, with a view to help it sustain adverse gut conditions and to ensure its bioavailability on oral administration. the formulation was characterized on the basis of particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index. cryptdin-2 loaded nanoparticles of size 105±7 nm, formulated by ionotropic gelation method using chitosan: tripolyphosphate (5:2), revealed 60% drug entrapment efficiency with 65% in vitro re ... | 2015 | 25724130 |
| [mutagenic activation and carcinogenicity of aminoazo dyes of ortho-aminoazotoluene and 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in experiments on suckling mice]. | it is found that after administration of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-me-dab,) which was hepatocarcinogenic to rats, in suckling mice, the number of neoplastic lesions in the liver of mice was 3 times higher than after analogous administration of equimolar dose of ortho-aminoazotoluene (oat)). however, in the ames test (ta-98 strain of salmonella typhimurium) with activation by hepatic enzymes (s-9 fraction) of both intact and aroclor-1254-induced mice and rats oat contributed by an o ... | 2015 | 25715596 |
| comparison of the selective targeting efficacy of salmonella typhimurium a1-r and vnp20009 on the lewis lung carcinoma in nude mice. | salmonella typhimurium a1-r is auxotrophic for arg and leu, which attenuates growth in normal tissue but allows high tumor targeting and virulence. a1-r is effective against metastatic human prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer as well as osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and glioma in clinically-relevant mouse models. vnp20009 is also a genetically-modified strain of salmonella typhimurium that has been tested in phase i clinical trials, but is more attenuated than s. typhimurium a1-r and in addit ... | 2015 | 25714030 |
| guidelines for optimisation of a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr for characterisation of microbial pathogens in a microsphere suspension array. | with multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) different molecular markers can be simultaneously analysed in a single assay and high levels of multiplexing can be achieved in high-throughput format. as such, mol-pcr is a convenient solution for microbial detection and identification assays where many markers should be analysed, including for routine further characterisation of an identified microbial pathogenic isolate. for an assay aimed at routine use, optimisation in terms of different ... | 2015 | 25705689 |
| data visualization of salmonella typhimurium contamination in packaged fresh alfalfa sprouts using a kohonen network. | class visualization of multi-dimensional data from analysis of volatile metabolic compounds monitored using an electronic nose based on metal oxide sensor array was attained using a kohonen network. an array of 12 metal oxide based chemical sensors was used to monitor changes in the volatile compositions from the headspace of packaged fresh sprouts with and without salmonella typhimurium contamination. kohonen׳s self-organizing map (som) was then created for learning different patterns of volati ... | 2015 | 25702994 |
| il-36α induces maturation of th1-inducing human mddc and synergises with ifn-γ to induce high surface expression of cd14 and cd11c. | we show that il-36α induced maturation of human mddcs and stimulated differentiation of ifn-γ producing (type 1) cd3+ lymphocytes but was not as effective as il-36β in doing so. for the first time, we also show that il-36α induced expression of cd14 by mddcs and this was highly potentiated by co-cultured with ifn-γ. in contrast, lipopolysaccharide (lps) did not increase cd14 expression by mddcs, suggesting that if mddcs represent a physiologically relevant population in vivo, they need to be sti ... | 2015 | 25700962 |
| telocinobufagin enhances the th1 immune response and protects against salmonella typhimurium infection. | ideal potential vaccine adjuvants to stimulate a th1 immune response are urgently needed to control intracellular infections in clinical applications. telocinobufagin (tbg), an active component of venenum bufonis, exhibits immunomodulatory activity. therefore, we investigated whether tbg enhances the th1 immune response to ovalbumin (ova) and formalin-inactivated salmonella typhimurium (fist) in mice. tbg augmented serum ova- and fist-specific igg and igg2a and the production of ifnγ by antigen- ... | 2015 | 25687199 |
| evaluation of usage of essential oils instead of spices in meat ball formulation for controlling salmonella spp. | the purpose of this study was to show the efficacy of essential oils (eos) in meat balls instead of spices because of their high antimicrobial effect and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of origanum onites and ocimum basilicum eos against salmonella typhimurium in minced beef (20% fat) stored at 4 ℃ for seven days. this is the first study about use of o. basilicum eo in minced beef against bacterial pathogens. both eos inhibit microorganisms in in vitro antibacterial tests. minimum inhibitor ... | 2016 | 25677416 |
| early-life dietary spray-dried plasma influences immunological and intestinal injury responses to later-life salmonella typhimurium challenge. | increasing evidence supports the concept that early-life environmental influences, including nutrition and stress, have an impact on long-term health outcomes and disease susceptibility. the objective of the present study was to determine whether dietary spray-dried plasma (sdp), fed during the first 2 weeks post-weaning (pw), influences subsequent immunological and intestinal injury responses to salmonella typhimurium challenge. a total of thirty-two piglets (age 16-17 d) were weaned onto nurse ... | 2015 | 25671331 |
| natural uv-protective organic matter in thermal water. | medical significance of the organic fractions of natural waters is still poorly understood. nevertheless, there are putative biologically active organic compounds found in natural medical waters and related clay or mud samples. organic fractions of five thermal (spa) water samples of different geochemical origin were tested for photo-biological effects. to study possible effects on the uv sensitivity of salmonella typhimurium ta strains, the organic isolates were applied in the "plate incorporat ... | 2015 | 25662041 |
| simplified low-cost production of o-antigen from salmonella typhimurium generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma). | the novartis vaccines institute for global health is developing vaccines using outer membrane particles, known as generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma). these are blebs of outer membrane and periplasm, shed from the surface of living gram-negative bacteria following the targeted deletion of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the inner and outer membranes. the current study investigates the use of gmma as starting material for extraction of membrane components, focusing ... | 2015 | 25659926 |
| electroporation of functional bacterial effectors into mammalian cells. | the study of protein interactions in the context of living cells can generate critical information about localization, dynamics, and interacting partners. this information is particularly valuable in the context of host-pathogen interactions. many pathogen proteins function within host cells in a variety of way such as, enabling evasion of the host immune system and survival within the intracellular environment. to study these pathogen-protein host-cell interactions, several approaches are commo ... | 2015 | 25650771 |
| safety evaluation of a triazine compound nitromezuril by assessing bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormalities, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration. | nitromezuril (nzl) is a novel triazine compound that exhibits remarkable anticoccidial activity. however, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nzl have not been evaluated to date. this study evaluated the potential risks of nzl by testing for bacterial reverse mutation (ames), mouse sperm abnormality (sa), bone marrow micronucleus (mn) and chromosomal aberration (ca). mice were orally administered with nzl at 385, 192 and 96 mg/kg, corresponding to 0.5 ×, 0.25 × and 0.125 × the ld50 of nzl, respecti ... | 2015 | 25645284 |
| the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf could be a potential therapeutic for salmonella typhimurium infection. | resistance is increasing to several critical antimicrobials used to treat salmonella typhimurium infection, urging people to search for new antimicrobial agents. in this work, we reported the possibility of a potent antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus in treating salmonella typhimurium infection. we tested its activity in biological fluids and in vivo using a mouse model of salmonella typhimurium infection, and examined the effect of cathelici ... | 2015 | 25644952 |
| s. typhimurium strategies to resist killing by cationic antimicrobial peptides. | s. typhimurium is a broad host range gram-negative pathogen that must evade killing by host innate immune systems to colonize, replicate, cause disease, and be transmitted to other hosts. a major pathogenic strategy of salmonellae is entrance, survival, and replication within eukaryotic cell phagocytic vacuoles. these phagocytic vacuoles and gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces contain multiple cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) which control invading bacteria. s. typhimurium possesses several ... | 2015 | 25644871 |
| oxidation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene by human cytochrome p450 enzymes. | acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, two known environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)pollutants, were incubated at 50 μm concentrations in a standard reaction mixture with human p450s 2a6, 2a13, 1b1,1a2, 2c9, and 3a4, and the oxidation products were determined using hplc and lc-ms. hplc analysis showed that p450 2a6 converted acenaphthene and acenaphthylene to several mono- and dioxygenated products. lc-ms analysis of acenaphthene oxidation by p450s indicated the formation of1-acenaphth ... | 2015 | 25642975 |
| toxicological assessment and management options for boat pressure-washing wastewater. | boats are washed periodically for maintenance in order to remove biofoulants from hulls, which results in the generation of wastewater. this study aimed at evaluating the cyto/genotoxic and mutagenic properties of wastewater produced by pressure washing of boats. the chemical characterisation of this wastewater showed that cu, zn, v, cr, fe, pb, and select organic contaminants exceeded the maximum allowable values from 1.7 up to 96 times. the wastewater produced negative effects on human lymphoc ... | 2015 | 25638522 |
| comparative genomics study of salmonella typhimurium lt2 for the identification of putative therapeutic candidates. | a computational, comparative genomics workflow was defined for the identification of novel therapeutic candidates against salmonella typhimurium lt2, with the aim that the selected targets should be essential to the pathogen, and have no homology with the human host. bioinformatics analysis identified 43 proteins as non-host essential, which could serve as potential drug and vaccine targets. additional prioritization parameters characterized 13 proteins as vaccine candidates while druggability o ... | 2015 | 25637765 |
| cysb-dependent upregulation of the salmonella typhimurium cysjih operon in response to antimicrobial compounds that induce oxidative stress. | it has been proposed that some antibiotics exert additional damage through reactive oxygen species (ros) production. since h₂s protects neurons and cardiac muscle from oxidative stress, it has been hypothesized that bacterial h₂s might, similarly, be a cellular protector against antibiotics. in enterobacteriaceae, h₂s can be produced by the cysjih pathway, which uses sulfate as the sulfur source. cysb, in turn, is a positive regulator of cysjih. at present, the role of s. typhimurium cysjih oper ... | 2015 | 25637663 |
| dissecting peroxiredoxin catalysis: separating binding, peroxidation, and resolution for a bacterial ahpc. | peroxiredoxins make up a ubiquitous family of cysteine-dependent peroxidases that reduce hydroperoxide or peroxynitrite substrates through formation of a cysteine sulfenic acid (r-soh) at the active site. in the 2-cys peroxiredoxins, a second (resolving) cysteine reacts with the sulfenic acid to form a disulfide bond. for all peroxiredoxins, structural rearrangements in the vicinity of the active site cysteine(s) are necessary to allow disulfide bond formation and subsequent reductive recycling. ... | 2015 | 25633283 |