| bronchial epithelial cells release neutrophil chemotactic activity in response to tachykinins. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), and neurokinin b (nkb) induce the release of neutrophil chemotactic activity (nca) from bovine bronchial epithelial cells (bbec) and whether neutral endopeptidase (nep), a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes tachykinins, modulates these effects. bbec monolayers were exposed to sp, nka, and nkb in the absence or presence of phosphoramidon (10(-6) m), a selective nep inhibitor, for 72 h. using a modif ... | 1992 | 1381152 |
| the development of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain. | the development of substance p-like immunoreactivity (spli) in the goldfish brain was studied by means of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and an antibody to substance p. by 80 h after fertilization, the first spli-cell bodies appear in the ventricular zone of the future diencephalon and the first spli-fibers appear in the olfactory bulbs. two days after hatching (which occurs at 100 h after fertilization), spli fibers connecting the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus are seen. in ... | 1992 | 1381158 |
| bombesin-like immunoreactivity in eosinophils. a light and electron microscopic study: effect of fixatives and cross-reactivity with various compounds. | eosinophils immunopositive for bombesin tetradecapeptide were detected by means of light and electron microscopy in human and rat gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary tissue. this immunoreaction was only evidenced after the use of acetic acid-containing fixative such as bouin's fluid. the dependence of this immunostaining on fixatives and time course were extensively studied. this immunoreaction promotes mainly one epitope probably associated with the c-terminal sequence. this epitope seems also ... | 1992 | 1381256 |
| modulation of excitatory amino acid responses in rat dorsal horn neurons by tachykinins. | 1. in freshly isolated spinal dorsal horn (dh) neurons (laminae i-iii) of the young rat, the effects of tachykinins (substance p, neurokinin a) on inward current induced by excitatory amino acids were studied under whole-cell voltage-clamp conditions. 2. when the cells were clamped to a holding potential of -60 mv, a simultaneous application of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) (10(-4) m) and substance p (sp) (2 x 10(-9)-10(-7) m) for 10 s reversibly enhanced (by 129.6 +/- 8.2%, mean +/- se) the peak ... | 1992 | 1381419 |
| crystal structure analysis, refinement and enzymatic reaction mechanism of n-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase from arthrobacter sp. at 2.0 a resolution. | n-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase from arthrobacter sp., a tetramer of polypeptides with 264 amino acid residues each, has been crystallized and its structure solved and refined at 2.0 a resolution, to a crystallographic r-factor of 18.6%. the crystals employed in the analysis contain one tetramer of 116,000 m(r) in the asymmetric unit. the structure determination proceeded by multiple isomorphous replacement, followed by solvent-flattening and density averaging about the local diads within th ... | 1992 | 1381445 |
| the effects of neuropeptides on mucous glycoprotein secretion from human nasal mucosa in vitro. | the role of neuropeptides in the regulation of macromolecule secretion from human nasal mucosa is incompletely understood. previous in vitro explant culture studies have demonstrated the effects of neuropeptides on lactoferrin release from serous cells and 3h-glucosamine labeled respiratory glycoconjugate secretion from mucus-containing cells. the generation of a new monoclonal antibody, 7f10, has led to the development of an elisa for high molecular weight respiratory mucous glycoproteins (mgp) ... | 1992 | 1381497 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based immunodiagnostic assay for onchocerciasis. | five murine monoclonal antibodies raised against onchocerca volvulus cuticular extracts and termed movs (1-4 and 6) were selected based on reactivity with o. volvulus cryosections, and non-reactivity with cryosections of human skin and/or nodular tissue. two others movs 5 and 7 reacted with both. using the peroxidase-anti- peroxidase (pap) histochemical method, the target epitopes of mov 1 were located in the cuticle's basal and cortical layers, those of mov 2 in the cortical layer; whilst mov 3 ... | 1992 | 1381517 |
| expression of galanin in rat primary sensory afferents after moxibustion to the skin. | we examined the effects of moxibustion on primary sensory neurons in the skin of rats using immunocytochemistry combined with a fluorescent retrograde tracer dye, fluoro gold (fg). galanin-like immunoreactive (ir) fibers were often observed in the dermis of treated skin at 18 hours after moxibustion, while such fibers were rarely detected in untreated (control) skin. moreover, most of galanin-ir fibers also displayed substance p (sp)-like immunoreactivity. about 20-30% of the dorsal root ganglio ... | 1992 | 1381551 |
| hypothesis for vaccine development: protective immunity to enteric diseases caused by nontyphoidal salmonellae and shigellae may be conferred by serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide of their lipopolysaccharides. | immunoprophylaxis for bacterial enteric diseases is hindered because the protective immune mechanism(s) against nontyphoidal salmonellae or shigellae in humans are not established. on the basis of the similarities between the clinical signs, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of as well as protective immunity to salmonellae and shigellae, we propose that serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of their lipopolysaccharides (lpss) will confer protective immunity to thes ... | 1992 | 1381621 |
| anatomical and physiological study of interneurons in an oligosynaptic cutaneous reflex pathway in the cat hindlimb. | morphological and physiological studies were undertaken in the cat lumbosacral spinal cord in order to examine individual last-order excitatory interneurons in the disynaptic pathway between low threshold superficial peroneal (sp) afferents and flexor digitorum longus (fdl) motoneurons. last-order interneurons projecting to the fdl motor nucleus were visualized with activity-dependent trans-synaptic transport of lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp). the location of lumbar interneur ... | 1992 | 1381652 |
| substance-p-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the adult and the developing rat retina. | substance-p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li) cells in the long-evans rat retina were investigated by combining immunohistochemistry with [3h]thymidine autoradiography. two subpopulations of sp-li amacrine cells, with cell bodies in either the proximal portion of the inner nuclear layer (inl) or the ganglion cell layer (gcl), were identified based on morphology, pattern of distribution and development. in the inl, sp-li cells were found scattered throughout the retina. however, in the gcl, they were ... | 1992 | 1381664 |
| effect of resiniferatoxin on the isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle: comparison with capsaicin and bradykinin. | the effect of resiniferatoxin on the isolated iris sphincter muscle of the rabbit was compared with the effects of capsaicin and bradykinin. the three compounds all contracted the sphincter muscle in a concentration-dependent manner. the contractions were inhibited by spantide ii, a tachykinin antagonist. the concentration-response curve of resiniferatoxin was biphasic, yielding two ec50 values, one about 10,000 times lower than the other, the latter value being similar to that for capsaicin. th ... | 1992 | 1381678 |
| anatomical and functional compartmentalization of the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus in the rat. | the localization and the transmitter phenotype of subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (spf) neurons projecting to the inferior colliculus (ic) and to the spinal cord (sp) were studied by using a retrograde fluorescent double labeling technique, and a combined technique of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and glutamate decarboxylase (gad). the cell population of spf-ic neurons was totally differentiated from that of spf-sp neurons which have been reported t ... | 1992 | 1381685 |
| anti-implantation role for substance p and neurotensin in rat. | substance p (sp) and neurotensin (nt), two structurally related peptides with contrasting biological actions, have been shown to have some role in peripheral reproductive processes. intrauterine microinjection of sp or nt on day 4 or 5 of pregnancy in the rat significantly reduced the number of viable fetuses, weight and glycogen content of the uterus. the number of viable fetuses, uterine weight or glycogen content were not modified when sp/nt was microinjected on day 8, 9, 10 or on day 14, 15 ... | 1992 | 1381700 |
| recognition by recombinant autoimmune thyroid disease-derived fab fragments of a dominant conformational epitope on human thyroid peroxidase. | to characterize the nature of thyroid peroxidase (tpo) autoantibodies present in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, we cloned three igg1/kappa fab fragments which bind 125i-tpo. this was accomplished by the molecular cloning and expression in bacteria of igg gene fragments from b cells infiltrating the thyroid of a patient with graves' disease. the three fab fragments (sp2, sp4, and sp5) are coded for by a common heavy chain (vh1, d, jh3) and three related, but different, ligh ... | 1992 | 1381722 |
| adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate inhibits in vitro angiogenesis induced by endothelial cell growth factor. | the formation of new blood capillaries (angiogenesis) occurs in response to angiogenic factors released by either normal or tumoral cells. in the present study, we cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) on collagen gels and aimed to clarify the effects of cyclic nucleotides on angiogenesis induced by endothelial cell growth factor (ecgf). huvec invaded the underlying collagen matrix and formed tube-like structures when ecgf was added. ecgf (9.4 to 75 micrograms/ml) induced angio ... | 1992 | 1381760 |
| distribution and effects of neuropeptide y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance p, and calcitonin gene-related peptide in human middle meningeal arteries: comparison with cerebral and temporal arteries. | a sparse to moderate supply of nerve fibers containing neuropeptide y-like immunoreactivity (npy-li), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip-li), substance p (sp-li), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp-li) was demonstrated in the walls of human middle meningeal arteries. comparison with similar studies on human cerebral and temporal arteries indicated a similar distribution and density. the immunoreactive material in all three arterial regions was characterized by reversed-phase high pres ... | 1992 | 1381830 |
| tachykinins preferentially excite certain complex cells in the infragranular layers of feline striate cortex. | microiontophoretically administered substance p (sp) affected the visually evoked responses (ver) and the spontaneous firing of 22 (14%) of the 152 neurons recorded from the striate cortex of anaesthetised cats. enhancing effects were seen in 14 neurons and suppressant actions in 8 neurons. most of the cells excited by sp were located in infragranular layers and had complex receptive fields; a few belonged to the movement-sensitive class or responded only weakly to visual stimulation. of the neu ... | 1992 | 1381983 |
| distribution of substance p-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig central nervous system. | the distribution of substance p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li) in the guinea pig brain has been studied by immunohistochemistry and the results compared with the distribution in similar regions in the rat brain. in both species, dense sp-li staining was found in the median eminence, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, dorsal raphe and dorsal tegmental nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract, substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and spinal cord. less dense staining was ... | 1992 | 1381985 |
| lithium inhibits substance p and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced relaxations on isolated porcine ophthalmic artery. | lithium is currently a major drug used as a treatment for affective disorders and cluster headache, among other conditions. its mechanism of action remains unknown. the trigeminovascular system may be involved in the pathophysiology of cluster headache and related diseases by liberating neuropeptides such as substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in the eye-forehead region. the objective of this study was to investigate whether or not a low concentration of lithium may inter ... | 1992 | 1382046 |
| sub-chronic exposure to opiates in the rat: effects on brain levels of substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide during dependence and withdrawal. | substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) are putative transmitters in the central and peripheral (sensory) nervous systems. in this study, we examined the effects of dependence on and withdrawal from morphine and methadone on brain sp and cgrp content. female long evans rats (70-100 g) were provided with plain drinking water or solutions containing opiate. no choice of drinking fluid was allowed. the maintenance level of each opiate (0.8 and 0.4 mg/ml for morphine and methadon ... | 1992 | 1382137 |
| delta sleep-inducing peptide as a factor increasing the content of substance p in the hypothalamus and the resistance of rats to emotional stress. | the influence of delta sleep-inducing peptide (dsip, 60 and 120 nmole/kg, intraperitoneally) on the content of substance p (sp) in the hypothalamus of rats was studied in male rats of the august line. it was demonstrated that the administration of dsip significantly increases the average content of sp in the hypothalamus, as well as its content in animals resistant to and predisposed to emotional stress. a daily one-time administration of dsip before placing the rats in conditions of stress incr ... | 1992 | 1382246 |
| fast and slow depolarizations produced by substance p and other tachykinins in sympathetic neurons of rat prevertebral ganglia. | using intracellular recording, we examined the effects of three mammalian tachykinins, substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), and neurokinin b (nkb), on sympathetic neurons of isolated rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglia (c-smg). the 3 tachykinins elicited two distinct depolarizing responses in ganglion cells: fast depolarization with time-to-peak of 1-2 sec and duration of 5-10 sec, and slow depolarization with time-to-peak of about 20 sec and duration of 120-140 sec. both fast and slow resp ... | 1992 | 1382252 |
| marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium. | on the basis of phenotypical characteristics and analysis of 16s rrna sequence, a new species belonging to a new genus is described, and the name marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is proposed. this organism, isolated from mediterranean seawater near a petroleum refinery, is a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. it grows at nacl concentrations of 0.08 to 3.5 m and uses various hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. its dna has a guanine-plus-cytosine content of 52.7 mol% ... | 1992 | 1382536 |
| effect of capsaicin as a neuropeptide-releasing substance on sneezing reflex in a type i allergic animal model. | to elucidate the effect of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers, which are known to contain substance p (sp) and other sensory neuropeptides, on the sneezing reflex, we have investigated the effect of capsaicin on this reflex provoked in guinea pigs passively sensitized with anaphylactic antibody followed by specific antigen challenge. it has already been established that histamine released from mast cells is a reliable inducer of the sneezing reflex in type i allergy. our experimental results indic ... | 1992 | 1382748 |
| involvement of substance p present in primary afferent neurones in modulation of cutaneous blood flow in the instep of rat hind paw. | 1. the participation of small-diameter afferent fibres in the microcirculatory haemodynamics of cutaneous tissue was examined by studies on the effects of antidromic stimulation of primary afferent neurones on cutaneous blood flow (cbf) and tachykinin release into the subcutaneous space in the instep of the hind paw of rats. 2. antidromic stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve induced a biphasic flow response, an initial transient decrease followed by an increase, with no alteration in the b ... | 1992 | 1382777 |
| decreased neuropeptide-converting enzyme activities in cerebrospinal fluid during acute but not chronic phases of collagen induced arthritis in rats. | we investigated the effects of collagen ii-induced arthritis on two cerebrospinal fluid (csf) enzymes converting dynorphin a and substance p (sp), namely dynorphin-converting enzyme (dce) and substance p endopeptidase (spe). the products generated by these enzymes are the bioactive fragments leu-enkephalin-arg6 and substance p, respectively. the strain used (da rats) is very sensitive towards induction of arthritis. the collagen arthritis is a chronic autoimmune arthritis induced by native rat c ... | 1992 | 1382800 |
| [characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against chorionic gonadotropin receptor]. | we reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) against chorionic gonadotropin (cg) receptor by fusing spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with purified pseudomonas maltophilia cg receptor with mouse myeloma line (sp 2/0). four hybridoma cell lines secreting cg receptor mcabs were obtained (ed 490, dg 390, ab 890, ge 590). ge 590 is igg 1; ed 490, dg 390, ab 890 are igg2b. i125-hcg and ed 490, dg 390. ab 890 recognized cg receptor different antigenic determinant. increased concentra ... | 1992 | 1382818 |
| differential effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and substance p on human ige and igg subclass production. | we studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), somatostatin (som), and substance p (sp) on il-4-stimulated human ige and igg subclass production. vip and som, but not sp, inhibited ige production without affecting igm or iga production by mononuclear cells (mnc) from nonatopic donors from 10 pm to 10 nm. these neuropeptides also differentially modulated igg subclass production. while igg1 production was not affected by vip, som, or sp, all of the neuropeptides enhanced igg2 produc ... | 1992 | 1382870 |
| d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from hela cells--2. immunological characterization. | 1. an immunological relationship between gpdh from hela cells and those from other phylogenetically different sources was carried out. 2. it was found that hela cell anti-gpdh antibody presented an immunological cross-reaction specificity with gpdh from hela cells, caiman sp. muscle and human mammary tumor tissue and a partial one with gpdh from anas sp. muscle. | 1992 | 1382917 |
| effects of the tripeptide substance p antagonist, fr113680, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins in guinea-pigs. | fr113680 is a newly developed tripeptide substance p (sp) receptor antagonist. the effects of fr113680 on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins were investigated in guinea-pigs. in in vitro experiments, fr113680 inhibited the contraction of isolated guinea-pig trachea induced by sp and neurokinin a (nka) in a dose-dependent manner with ic50 values of 2.3 x 10(-6) and 1.5 x 10(-5) m, respectively. the tracheal contraction induced by histamine and acetylcholine was not affect ... | 1992 | 1383004 |
| inhibitory actions of prostaglandin e1 on neurogenic plasma extravasation in rat airways. | to determine whether neurogenic inflammation can be inhibited by prostaglandin e1 (pge1), that is suggested to have an inhibitory effect on neuropeptide release from airway sensory nerves, we examined plasma extravasation in the airways of anesthetized rats in vivo with evans blue due as a marker. neurogenic inflammation was produced by an i.v. injection of capsaicin (100 micrograms/kg) or by antidromic electrical stimulation of the right vagus nerve (4 hz, 1 ms, 4 v for 1 min). capsaicin inject ... | 1992 | 1383005 |
| the effect of ca2+ channel modulators on vagally induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig. | the effects of n- and l-type voltage operated calcium channel (vocc) antagonists were examined on the bronchoconstriction induced by vagal stimulation in artificially respired guinea-pigs. vagal stimulation produced a reproducible and consistent bronchoconstrictor response which corresponded to an increase in pulmonary inflation pressure equivalent to (10.4 +/- 1.0%) of the maximum. this vagally induced rise in pulmonary inflation pressure was reduced (54% p less than 0.001) by pretreatment with ... | 1992 | 1383010 |
| taxonomic studies on a psychrophilic clostridium from vacuum-packed beef: description of clostridium estertheticum sp. nov. | taxonomic studies were performed on an anaerobic gram-positive, spore-forming, psychrophilic bacterium originally isolated from spoiled vacuum-packed refrigerated beef. based on the present finding it is proposed that this unknown psychrophilic bacterium be classified as a new species of the genus clostridium, as clostridium estertheticum sp. nov. the type strain is ncimb 12511. | 1992 | 1383083 |
| protection of mice against salmonella typhimurium with an o-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. | serious infections with salmonellae remain a threat in many human populations. despite extensive study of salmonella infections in animals and clinical experience with killed cellular vaccines, there are no vaccines against serotypes other than salmonella typhi licensed for human use. serum antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of salmonellae protect mice against invasive infection. in order to render it immunogenic, we have conjugated the o-sp of salmonella typhimurium to carrier p ... | 1992 | 1383154 |
| ribosomes exist in large excess over the apparent demand for protein synthesis during carbon starvation in marine vibrio sp. strain ccug 15956. | carbon starvation induces the development of a starvation- and stress-resistant cell state in marine vibrio sp. strain s14 (ccug 15956). the starved cells remain highly responsive to nutrients during prolonged starvation and exhibit instantaneous severalfold increases in the rates of protein synthesis and rna synthesis when substrate is added. in order to elucidate the physiological basis for the survival of cells that are starved for a long time, as well as the capacity of these cells for rapid ... | 1992 | 1383195 |
| expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding neuropeptide-y, substance-p, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human pituitary. | the local production of autocrine or paracrine agents in endocrine tissues represents an important level of hormonal regulation. the synthesis of neuropeptide-y (npy), substance-p (sp), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) in the rat anterior pituitary gland has been well demonstrated. we have now studied their expression in human postmortem pituitary tissue. northern blot analysis of poly(a)+ rna from whole human pituitaries revealed mrna encoding the precursors for npy, sp, and vip whose hy ... | 1992 | 1383256 |
| blood vessels and immunoreactive substance p-containing nerve fibers in rat skin treated topically with clobetasol propionate, a corticosteroid. | after applying topically a cream (0.1 ml) containing corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate), on rat back skin, we examined the morphological alterations of blood vessels, substance p-containing nerve fibers, and cutaneous mast cells. after 3, 6, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min and 4 h, the skin treated was cut out with a sharp knife after killing the animals. the skin pieces were processed into conventional histological sections cut vertically and examined by staining immunohistochemically with anti-subs ... | 1992 | 1383305 |
| monoclonal antibodies to beta subunit of choriogonadotropin: development and use in a sandwich elisa pregnancy test. | balb/c mice were immunized with beta subunit isolated and purified from crude human chorionic gonadotropin preparations. spleen cells from the higher titered mouse were fused with sp 2/0 myeloma cells. four specific secreting hybridomas were obtained. specificity, affinity, and suitability of secreted antibodies for use in enzyme immunoassays were studied. ascites of the selected hybridoma was raised; the antibody was purified by protein a-affinity chromatography and coupled to horseradish perox ... | 1992 | 1383483 |
| naloxone-reversible effect of spantide on the spinally mediated behavioural response induced by neurokinin-2 and -3 receptor agonists. | [d-arg1, d-trp7,9, leu11]-substance p (spantide) was tested for antagonism against the licking, biting and scratching response induced by various neurokinin (nk) receptor agonists and bombesin (bom) in mice. when co-administered with substance p (sp) intrathecally, spantide reduced the sp-induced behavioural responses in a dose-dependent manner. the duration of this antagonistic effect was approximately 30 min. behavioural responses induced by physalaemin (phy), [pglu6, l-pro9]-sp (6-11) (septid ... | 1992 | 1383832 |
| experimental peripheral neuropathy decreases the dose of substance p required to increase excitatory amino acid release in the csf of the rat spinal cord. | partial ligation of the sciatic nerve of rats produces hyperalgesia similar to that seen in humans following nerve injury. in this study, we used microdialysis of the spinal cord cerebral spinal fluid (csf) to test the hypothesis that hyperalgesia is due to an enhanced release of excitatory amino acids (eaa) in response to substance p (sp). intrathecal sp caused release of aspartate and glutamate in the csf of rats with partial sciatic ligation at a dose of sp that did not cause release in sham ... | 1992 | 1383886 |
| influence of electro-acupuncture on the release of substance p and the potential evoked by tooth pulp stimulation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of the rabbit. | the effects of electro-acupuncture (eap) on the release of substance p (sp) and the responses evoked by tooth pulp stimulation (st) in superficial layers of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (vc-i,ii) were studied in rabbits. st evoked increase in release of immunoreactive sp (isp). this increase was inhibited by eap in 9 of 13 animals. the potentials evoked by st were composed of two main components with latency times of ca 4.3 msec and ca. 9.4 msec. the latter component, reflecting the excitatio ... | 1992 | 1383896 |
| possible existence of a new tachykinin receptor subtype in the guinea pig ileum. | the guinea pig ileum possesses nk-1 and nk-3 tachykinin receptors. as expected, [pro9]sp and senktide, which are selective agonists of nk-1 and nk-3 receptors, respectively, were found to be highly potent in contracting the guinea pig ileum. surprisingly, similar observations were made with septide, sp-o-ch3, [apa9-10]sp, or [pro9,10]sp although, in contrast to [pro9]sp, these four peptides showed a low affinity for 3h-[pro9]sp-specific nk-1 binding sites on membranes from the guinea pig ileum. ... | 1992 | 1384010 |
| role of the ovlt in the febrile response to circulating pyrogens. | the available data suggest that circulating endogenous pyrogens (eps) probably do not penetrate the brain, but interact with sensory elements in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (ovlt) which may involve 5ht and sp as neurotransmitters. it is proposed that substance p (sp) may affect thermo-regulatory neurons in the preoptic area (poa) directly or induce the local synthesis of cytokines that secondarily act on these neurons. recent evidence indicates that endothelial cells in the ovlt bi ... | 1992 | 1384084 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of cyclic amp formation in osteoblastic cell lines (umr-106-01, ros 17/2.8, mc3t3-e1, and saos-2) and primary bone cells. | the effect of four different neuropeptides and norepinephrine (ne) on cyclic amp formation in four different osteoblastic cell lines and in isolated neonatal mouse calvarial bone cells has been examined. in the rat osteosarcoma cell line umr-106-01, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip, 0.001-1 microm), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp, 0.3-30 nm), and ne (0.1-300 microm), but not neuropeptide y (npy, 0.001-1 microm) or substance p (sp, 0.1-10 microm), caused a dose-dependent stimulation ... | 1992 | 1384276 |
| substance p induces whole cell current transients in rbl-2h3 cells. | to investigate the basis of interactions between nerves and mast cells, we tested the actions of the neuropeptide substance p (sp) on whole cell current characteristics of rbl-2h3 cells (homologous to mucosal mast cells). control rbl cells showed a k(+)-dependent inwardly rectified current. sp (10(-6) m) caused transient, frequently repetitive increases in current amplitude, which at a membrane potential (vm) of -80 mv rose by -1,020.0 +/- 223.4 pa after sp application compared with -6.8 +/- 1.7 ... | 1992 | 1384354 |
| de novo synthesis of calmodulin binding protein in substance p-induced steroidogenesis in bovine adrenocortical cells. | in order to clarify the mechanism of substance p (sp)-induced cortisol secretion from bovine adrenocortical (bac) cells, protein synthesis at the early stage of sp-stimulation in bac cells was investigated. both sp and adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) increased [3h]leucine uptake into bac cells in a dose-dependent fashion. although the sp-induced [3h]leucine uptake precedes the cortisol secretion, acth was slower in inducing [3h]leucine uptake and cortisol secretion. protein synthesis inhibito ... | 1992 | 1384500 |
| the chondroprotective drugs, arteparon and sodium pentosan polysulphate, increase collagenase activity and inhibit stromelysin activity in vitro. | the effects of the chondroprotective drugs, sodium pentosan polysulphate (sp54) and arteparon (glycosaminoglycan polysulphate), on the in vitro activities of the purified matrix metalloproteinases interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1, mmp1) and stromelysin (mmp3) were examined. both drugs produced concentration-dependent enhancement of the degradation of type i collagen fibrils by purified human fibroblast collagenase and rat tumour collagenase. rat collagenase activity was incre ... | 1992 | 1384503 |
| the complement system in human reproduction. | regulation of the complement system in reproduction is unique inasmuch as reproductive tissues represent the only condition where allogeneic interactions occur naturally. both allogeneic extraembryonic membranes and semen that contact and interact with maternal cells and tissues must avert complement-mediated damage to ensure reproductive success. several regulators of complement activation exist. membrane cofactor protein (mcp) and decay accelerating factor (daf) inactivate c3 and c5 convertase ... | 1992 | 1384536 |
| fine distribution of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve in cats. | the ultrastructure of substance p (sp)-immunoreactive elements in the cat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve was examined using pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical procedures. substance p-like immunoreactivity was observed in axon terminals and axon fibres which were mostly unmyelinated. quantitative data showed that at least 16% of axon terminals contained sp. their mean diameter was larger than that of their non-immunoreactive counterparts. most (83%) sp-containing terminals were s ... | 1992 | 1384553 |
| the channel-forming toxin aerolysin. | aeromonas sp. secrete a precursor of the cytolytic protein aerolysin into the culture medium, where it is activated by proteolytic removal of a c-terminal fragment. activation can be achieved by a variety of mammalian proteases as well as by proteases released by the bacteria itself. activated toxin binds with high affinity to the transmembrane protein glycophorin on the surface of eucaryotic cells. binding is followed by oligomerization and the formation of transmembrane channels, leading to ce ... | 1992 | 1384593 |
| the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on formation of intra-articular oedema by inflammatory mediators. | 1. the temporal and quantitative effects of inflammatory mediators on plasma extravasation in the rat knee were investigated by use of a perfusion technique. 2. intra-articular perfusion of substance p (sp), bradykinin or histamine over a 5 min test period produced rapid-onset and prolonged plasma extravasation in a dose-dependent fashion. the rank order of potency was bradykinin greater than sp greater than histamine. 3. calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) did not induce plasma extravasation ... | 1992 | 1384904 |
| the actions of two sensory neuropeptides, substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide, on the canine hepatic arterial and portal vascular beds. | 1. the two peptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and substance p (sp) were administered individually as bolus injections into the separately perfused hepatic arterial and portal vascular beds of the anaesthetized dog to assess their actions and relative molar potencies at these sites. 2. cgrp caused an immediate dose-related increase in hepatic arterial flow when injected close-arterially, reflecting a fall in resistance. this vasodilator effect was slightly increased by the prior adm ... | 1992 | 1384909 |
| tachykinin receptors in rabbit airways--characterization by functional, autoradiographic and binding studies. | 1. in many species, both nk1 and nk2 tachykinin receptors appear to be important in mediating the contraction of airway smooth muscle. we have examined the distribution and characterization of receptors for tachykinins in rabbit airways using functional length tension studies, autoradiography and radioligand binding studies. 2. contractile responses to tachykinins were elicited in four different areas of the respiratory tree--trachea, and three progressively more distal areas of the right bronch ... | 1992 | 1384914 |
| thimerosal blocks stimulated but not basal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (edrf) in dog isolated coronary artery. | 1. the effect of an acetly-coa lysolecithin acyltransferase inhibitor, thimerosal, on the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (edrf) was examined in the greyhound isolated coronary artery. 2. thimerosal (1-10 microm) relaxed fully, ring segments of coronary artery which were contracted with the thromboxane a2-mimetic, u46619 (30 nm). the response was endothelium-dependent, slow in both onset and time to reach maximum. the maximum relaxation to the highest concentration of thimerosal ( ... | 1992 | 1384915 |
| prenatal ontogeny of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the parabrachial nucleus of the human fetus--an immunocytochemical study. | using an immunocytochemical method, the prenatal ontogeny of substance p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li) was demonstrated in the parabrachial nucleus (pb) of human fetus, fetal age (menstruation age) 11.5 to 40 weeks. the time of initial appearance of sp-li in the human brainstem pb was between fetal age 11.5 weeks and 16 weeks. while the fetus grew, the density of sp-li fibers and terminals in the human fetus brainstem pb increased constantly from fetal age 16 weeks to 40 weeks. these findings in ... | 1992 | 1384934 |
| light- and electron-microscopic immunochemical analysis of nerve fibre types innervating the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum. | the present work was undertaken to determine by immunocytochemical methods which of the putative enteric neurotransmitters are contained in axons supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli and what proportion of axons is accounted for by the presence of these substances. numerous fibres displayed immunoreactivity for dynorphin (dyn), enkephalin (enk), gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), nitric oxide synthase (nos), substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), but, in contrast to other gut reg ... | 1992 | 1384981 |
| development of peptide- and tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the fetal spinal cord transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of adult rats. | fetal rat spinal cord transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of an adult rat was immunohistochemically stained using antisera to substance p (sp), neuropeptide y (npy), methionine-enkephalin (enk), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and tyrosine hydroxylase (th), and distributional changes of peptide- and enzyme-containing neurons 1, 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation were investigated. to examine the effect of colchicine on immunoreactivi ... | 1992 | 1385013 |
| intrathecal cp-96,345 blocks reflex facilitation induced in rats by substance p and c-fiber-conditioning stimulation. | we have examined the effects of intrathecally (i.t.) administered cp-96,345, a non-peptide nk1 receptor ligand, on the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex and on the facilitation of this reflex evoked by i.t. substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka) and electrical conditioning stimulation of cutaneous c-afferents. cp-96,345 i.t. at 24 pmol-2.4 nmol had no significant effect on flexor reflex excitability. at the highest dose tested (24 nmol), cp-96,345 caused a brief facilitation of the flexor reflex, w ... | 1992 | 1385160 |
| inhibitory action of neuropeptide y on agonist-induced responses in isolated guinea pig trachea. | the effect of neuropeptide y (npy) was tested on isolated guinea pig trachea. at 30 nm, npy induced a weak but significant contractile response which was on average less than 6% of responses elicited by standard spasmogens. this myotropic action of npy was blocked by indomethacin. in addition to its contractile activity, npy greatly reduced the maximal response to vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), noradrenaline (na), substance p (sp) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), without affecting their pd2 ... | 1992 | 1385164 |
| modulation of n-methyl-d-aspartate and (r,s)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (ampa) responses of spinal nociceptive neurons by a n-terminal fragment of substance p. | the effects of an n-terminal fragment of substance p, substance p-(1-7) [sp-(1-7)], on the responses of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons to n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) and (r,s)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (ampa) were tested by combined single-unit extracellular recordings/microiontophoresis. while sp-(1-7) had no effects when applied by itself, it was a potent and long-lasting modulator of both nmda- and ampa-mediated excitation of spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons. ... | 1992 | 1385165 |
| identification of a novel receptor mediating substance p-induced behavior in the mouse. | to determine whether opioid receptors or the more recently characterized naloxone-sensitive substance p (sp) n-terminal binding sites play a role in desensitization to the behavioral effects of sp, we assessed the effects of selective antagonists at mu-(naloxonazine and beta-funaltrexamine), delta- (naltrindole) and kappa- (nor-binaltorphimine) opioid receptors, as well as the effect of [d-pro2,d-leu7]sp-(1-7) d-sp-(1-7) (d-sp (1-7)), an inhibitor of [3h]sp-(1-7) binding, on behaviors induced by ... | 1992 | 1385166 |
| substance p injection into the dorsal raphe increases blood pressure and serotonin release in hippocampus of conscious rats. | microinjections of substance p (sp, 100 pmol) into the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) in conscious rats increased blood pressure and heart rate for 30-40 min. concomitantly, the extracellular levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) in the ventral hippocampus, monitored by microdialysis, increased by 30% for 20 min compared with the vehicle control. pretreatment with the 5-ht2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (1 mg/kg i.v.), prevented the pressor response to sp but not the increase in heart rate. pretrea ... | 1992 | 1385170 |
| effects of a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion and prolonged l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine treatment on peptidergic systems in rat basal ganglia. | the effect of a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle or of a sham lesion on the neuropeptide content of the striatum and substantia nigra was investigated with or without 6 months l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa; 200 mg/kg per day) plus carbidopa (25 mg/kg per day) treatment. [met5]- and [leu5]enkephalin, substance p (sp), neurotensin (nt) and cholecystokinin (cck) were measured by a combined hplc/ria method. neurotensin levels were increased in the st ... | 1992 | 1385171 |
| identification of the central tachykinin receptor subclass involved in substance p-induced cardiovascular and behavioral responses in conscious rats. | to identify the tachykinin receptor subclass involved in the central cardiovascular and behavioral actions of substance p (sp), we compared the central actions of sp with those of neurokinin a (nka) and senktide in conscious chronically instrumented rats. intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of sp (an nk1 agonist) and nka (an nk2 agonist) increased mean arterial pressure (map) and heart rate (hr) dose dependently and these cardiovascular responses were associated with the behavioral respon ... | 1992 | 1385176 |
| identification of multiple rna polymerase sigma factor homologs in the cyanobacterium anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120: cloning, expression, and inactivation of the sigb and sigc genes. | the siga gene of anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120, encoding the principal rna polymerase sigma factor, and the complement of the rpod oligonucleotide (k. tanaka, t. shiina, and h. takahashi, science 242:1040-1042, 1988) were used as probes to isolate two genes, sigb and sigc, which encode two putative sigma factors exhibiting high degrees of similarity to siga, to hrda, -b, -c, and -d of streptomyces coelicolor, and to katf of escherichia coli. sigb and sigc code for polypeptides of 332 and 416 amin ... | 1992 | 1385387 |
| effect of ruthenium red on the bronchoconstriction induced by capsaicin and by selective tachykinin receptor agonists in anaesthetized guinea-pig. | 1. the effect of systemic administration of ruthenium red on bronchospasm induced by acetylcholine, capsaicin or selective tachykinin receptor agonists ([sar9]sp sulfone or [beta ala8]-neurokinin a (nka)-(4-10) for nk-1 and nk-2 receptors, respectively) was studied in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 2. the bronchospasm induced by capsaicin was reduced by ruthenium red, which did not affect the response induced by acetylcholine. atropine, which totally blocked the response to acetylcholine, also parti ... | 1992 | 1385438 |
| contrasting effect of substance p on renal function and dopamine excretion in hydropaenic and volume expanded dogs. | 1. substance p (sp) and dopaminergic nerves have been described in the kidney. in the brain, sp increases dopamine production. in the kidney, sp increases sodium excretion. 2. intrarenal dopamine acts as an endogenous natriuretic hormone. it is possible that dopamine could mediate the natriuretic effect of sp. 3. we therefore studied the effect of the intrarenal arterial infusion of sp (0.1, 1.0, 10 ng kg body wt-1 min-1) on mean arterial pressure (map), renal blood flow (rbf), glomerular filtra ... | 1992 | 1385439 |
| presence and regional variation in peptide-containing nerves in the human ureter. | the occurrence, distribution and regional variation of neurones immunoreactive for the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), neuropeptide y (npy), enkephalin (enk), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), and substance p (sp) were investigated in human ureters by indirect immunohistochemistry. in addition, immunoreactivities to tyrosine hydroxylase (th), a marker of noradrenergic neurones and to protein gene product (pgp) 9.5, a general marker of neurones, were also studied. ne ... | 1992 | 1385511 |
| neuropeptides modulate human eosinophil chemotaxis. | to investigate the role of neuropeptides in allergic inflammation, we examined the effect of peptides on eosinophil chemotaxis. eosinophils were purified from the blood of allergic and normal subjects using a discontinuous percoll density gradients. chemotaxis was induced by platelet-activating factor (paf) and leukotriene b4, and was assayed by a modified boyden's chamber technique. four neuropeptides were examined in this study: substance p (sp), neurokinin a, calcitonin gene-related peptide ( ... | 1992 | 1385521 |
| inhibition of mouse lymphocyte proliferative response by glycosphingolipids from leishmania (l.) amazonensis. | the effect of a purified preparation of glycosphingolipids (gsls) extracted from leishmania (l.) amazonensis amastigotes on murine lymphocytes was investigated. gsls inhibited both concanavalin a (con a)- or lipopolysaccharide-induced [3h]thymidine uptake by normal and immunized balb/c mouse lymph node cells. the effect of total gsls was dose dependent. total gsls also suppressed the two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction of balb/c x c57bl/6 cells and the antigen-specific response of immunized mouse ... | 1992 | 1386324 |
| comparison of the host ranges and antigenicity of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium wrairi from guinea pigs. | oocysts of a cryptosporidium isolate from guinea pigs were not infectious for adult mice, but were infectious for two of three newborn calves and for suckling mice. however, oocysts isolated from calves or mice infected with guinea pig cryptosporidium were not infectious for guinea pigs. four isolates of c. parvum from calves were incapable of infecting weanling guinea pigs. microscopic examination of tissue from the colon and cecum of suckling guinea pigs inoculated with c. parvum revealed spar ... | 1992 | 1386385 |
| delayed hydrophobic surfactant protein (sp-b, sp-c) expression in fetuses of streptozotocin-treated rats. | tissues from fetuses and neonates of control and streptozotocin (stz)-treated sprague-dawley rats were used to study the content and distribution of the hydrophobic surfactant protein b (sp-b) and the mrnas for sp-b and sp-c using immunohistochemistry, rna blotting, and tissue in situ hybridization. a dose of 50 mg/kg stz was used to treat female rats before mating. the fetuses were sacrificed at fetal days 18 through 21 and neonates were obtained on neonatal days 1 and 2 (day of birth = end of ... | 1992 | 1386745 |
| in vitro activity of decaplanin (m86-1410), a new glycopeptide antibiotic. | the in vitro activity of decaplanin (formerly m86-1410), a novel glycopeptide antimicrobial agent, was tested against 169 gram-positive bloodstream isolates from patients at the university of iowa hospitals and clinics and 12 selected vancomycin-resistant strains. enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, bacilli, corynebacteria, and listeria were inhibited by decaplanin (mics for 90% of the strains tested [mic90s], 0.12 to 4 micrograms/ml). however, some rarely iso ... | 1992 | 1386973 |
| es-242-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -8, novel bioxanthracenes produced by verticillium sp., which act on the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. | verticillium sp. spc-15898 was found to produce novel metabolites, designated es-242-2-(-)8, which were structurally related to es-242-1. these compounds were isolated from the culture broth and the physico-chemical and biochemical properties were examined. es-242-2-(-)8 inhibited [3h]thienyl cyclohexypiperidine ([3h]tcp) binding to rat crude synaptic membranes (csm) with ic50 values of 0.116, 2.9, ca. 2.9, 25.3, 1.0, 59, 24, and 13 microm, respectively. none of these compounds showed inhibitory ... | 1992 | 1387635 |
| comparative study of virulence and virulence factors of aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from water and sediments of a river. | seventy-four strains of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from water and sediments of the river porma (león, n.w. spain) were characterized biochemically and biologically. fifty-seven strains (77.02%) were virulent for rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) by intramuscular challenge but showed differing degree of pathogenicity which could not be associated with the source. a lack of correlation between caseinase, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities of the strains and their isolation source was also observ ... | 1992 | 1388613 |
| subcloning using simplified adaptor addition. | a simplified procedure for the addition of synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors to subclone dna fragments with incompatible ends is presented. an organophosphate degradation gene on a psti fragment was cloned into the hindiii site of the fungal vector ph1s. the opd gene specifies parathion hydrolase and was first isolated from a flavobacterium sp. the gene was present in 12% of the plasmids recovered and was inserted in either direction with similar frequencies: 53% with the opd start codon distal ... | 1992 | 1389156 |
| an antibody with specificity for surfactant protein c precursors: identification of pro-sp-c in rat lung. | surfactant protein c (sp-c) is a lung-specific, hydrophobic peptide found in organic extracts of pulmonary surfactant. alveolar sp-c (3.5 kd) is produced from proteolytic cleavage of a larger precursor molecule (pro-sp-c; 21 kd). while sp-c is synthesized by type ii cells, the pathways for processing and secretion have remained elusive due, in part, to the lack of monospecific antibodies against sp-c or its precursors. this report describes production and characterization of a new antibody direc ... | 1992 | 1389209 |
| acholeplasma multilocale sp. nov., isolated from a horse and a rabbit. | acholeplasma strains were isolated from the nasopharynx of a horse (strain pn525t [t = type strain]) and the feces of a rabbit (strain b1). one clone of strain pn525t and one clone of strain b1 were examined in detail. these clones were indistinguishable from each other and were serologically distinct from the previously described acholeplasma and mycoplasma spp. the strains had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 31 mol%; sterol was not required for growth, which occurred ... | 1992 | 1390103 |
| mycoplasma simbae sp. nov., mycoplasma leopharyngis sp. nov., and mycoplasma leocaptivus sp. nov., isolated from lions. | mycoplasmas isolated from the throats of lions were shown to belong to three serotypes, all of which were serologically distinct from the previously recognized mycoplasma and acholeplasma spp. eight mycoplasma colonies were cloned, including one from a leopard (strain lp), and were examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics. the strains had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 37 mol% (strain lxt [t = type strain]), 28 mol% (strain ll2t), an ... | 1992 | 1390104 |
| mycobacterium alvei sp. nov. | a new species of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria, mycobacterium alvei, is described. the inclusion of this organism in the genus mycobacterium is based on its acid fastness, its mycolate pattern, and its g + c content. a study of six strains showed that they form a homogeneous group with an internal phenotypic similarity value of 97 +/- 2.22%. dna relatedness studies showed that the six m. alvei strains which we studied form a single dna hybridization group which is less than 4 ... | 1992 | 1390105 |
| biochemical and chemical studies on strains designated prevotella intermedia and proposal of a new pigmented species, prevotella nigrescens sp. nov. | a total of 31 strains of prevotella intermedia were subjected to dna-dna hybridization and were characterized by performing physiological tests and by performing a multilocus enzyme analysis, using malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. all of the strains assigned to p. intermedia fermented glucose and sucrose, hydrolyzed starch but not esculin, and produced indole, acetic, isobutyric, isovaleric, and succinic acids as metabolic end products. the results of dna reassociation experimen ... | 1992 | 1390107 |
| staphylococcus piscifermentans sp. nov., from fermented fish in thailand. | new coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from fermented fish in thailand. these organisms were differentiated from other staphylococcus species on the basis of dna relatedness and biochemical characteristics. staphylococcus piscifermentans sp. nov. is described, and the type strain is strain sk03 (= nric 1817 = jcm 6057 = tistr 824). | 1992 | 1390108 |
| acholeplasma cavigenitalium sp. nov., isolated from the vagina of guinea pigs. | a mollicutes isolated from a guinea pig vagina was shown to be serologically distinct from previously recognized mycoplasma and acholeplasma species. colonies isolated from 10 different guinea pigs were cloned and examined in detail. these strains were closely related and had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 36 mol%, no requirement for sterol, and aerobic growth. glucose was not metabolized, and arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed. strain gp3 (= nctc 11727) is the typ ... | 1992 | 1390109 |
| three new species of the genus peptostreptococcus isolated from humans: peptostreptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., peptostreptococcus lacrimalis sp. nov., and peptostreptococcus lactolyticus sp. nov. | we describe three new species of the genus peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as peptostreptococcus prevotii. these three organisms were not homologous with previously described type strains of the genus peptostreptococcus. a total of 12 strains that were identified biochemically as p. prevotii were divided into five independent dna similarity groups; 10 of these strains were divided into three similarity groups which exhibited significant ... | 1992 | 1390111 |
| secondary structure and orientation of the surfactant protein sp-b in a lipid environment. a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. | attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the secondary structure of the surfactant protein sp-b. nearly half of the polypeptide chain is folded in an alpha-helical conformation. no significant change of the secondary structure content was observed when the protein is associated to a lipid bilayer of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc)/phosphatidylglycerol (pg) or of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (dppg). the parameters related to the gamma w( ... | 1992 | 1390703 |
| lipid mixing is mediated by the hydrophobic surfactant protein sp-b but not by sp-c. | pulmonary surfactant contains two families of hydrophobic proteins, sp-b and sp-c. both proteins are thought to promote the formation of the phospholipid monolayer at the air/fluid interface of the lung. the excimer/monomer ratio of pyrene-labeled pc fluorescence intensities was used to investigate the capacity of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins, sp-b and sp-c, to induce lipid mixing between protein-containing small unilamellar vesicles and pyrene-pc-labeled small unilamellar vesicles. at 37 ... | 1992 | 1390835 |
| three new microcystins, cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, from nostoc sp. strain 152. | three new cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, [d-ser1,admadda5]microcystin-lr (1), [d-asp3,-admadda5]microcystin-lhar (2), and [admadda5,mser7]microcystin-lr (3), were isolated from the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) nostoc sp. strain 152, together with four known microcystins, [admadda5]microcystin-lr (4), [admadda5]microcystin-lhar (5), [d-asp3,-admadda5]microcystin-lr (6), and [dmadda5]microcystin-lr (7). the structures of new microcystins were assigned on the basis of high-resolution fast at ... | 1992 | 1391612 |
| sequence comparison of two highly homologous phycoerythrins differing in bilin composition. | genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of class ii phycoerythrin from synechococcus sp. strain wh8103 were cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences were compared to class ii phycoerythrin from synechococcus sp. strain wh8020 and found to share 92% identity, yet the proteins differ in the bilin isomer (phycoerythrobilin versus phycourobilin) bound to two of the six chromophore attachment sites. amino acid residues which might contact the bilin at each of the two variable sites w ... | 1992 | 1391782 |
| cutinase is not required for fungal pathogenicity on pea. | cutinase, a fungal extracellular esterase, has been proposed to be crucial in the early events of plant infection by many pathogenic fungi. to test the long-standing hypothesis that cutinase of nectria haematococca (fusarium solani f sp pisi) is essential to pathogenicity, we constructed cutinase-deficient mutants by transformation-mediated gene disruption of the single cutinase gene of a highly virulent n. haematococca strain. four independent mutants were obtained lacking a functional cutinase ... | 1992 | 1392588 |
| simian virus 40 large t antigen directed by transcriptional elements of the human surfactant protein c gene produces pulmonary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice. | a model of pulmonary adenocarcinomas was produced in transgenic mice harboring a chimeric gene comprising the sv40 large t antigen under the control of a transcriptional region derived from the human surfactant protein c (sp-c) gene. transgenic mice succumbed with pulmonary tumors within 4-5 months of age. by histology, the tumors were adenocarcinomas with lepidic, papillary, and solid growth patterns that were indistinguishable from adenocarcinomas occurring in humans. immunocytochemistry demon ... | 1992 | 1394139 |
| isolation of a prostate carcinoma cell proliferation-inhibiting factor from human seminal plasma and its similarity to transforming growth factor beta. | human seminal plasma (sp) has been known to contain both growth-inhibitory and -stimulatory factors. we attempted to identify a factor that inhibited dna synthesis in some metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. the sp factor was sensitive to digestion by trypsin, but its activity increased after boiling or dialysis against 1 m acetic acid, by 3- to 4-fold. the sp factor was partially purified using a cation-exchange resin. apparent molecular mass determination by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 1992 | 1394210 |
| [examination of ticks for the presence of borrelia sp. in kosice and the surrounding region. preliminary results]. | the authors present preliminary data on the infestation of ticks ixodes ricinus with borrelia in the town of kosice and surroundings. the authors found a mean 4.7% positivity which means that more systematic attention should be paid to the problem. | 1992 | 1394475 |
| [the role of peripheral c afferent fiber in electroacupuncture analgesia]. | experiments were carried out in rats anaesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg). late discharges of spinal dorsal horn neurons were recorded as noxious responses to strong stimulation of right tibial nerve (a train of 3 pulses, 25v, 1ms). left st.36 and sp.6 were stimulated electrically (100hz, 3v or 6v, 1ms). left sciatic nerve was exposed and soaked for 15 min in 1.5% capsaicin or vehicle 24 hours before experiment. left femoral nerve was sectioned. spinal cord was transected at t4 level in spinal r ... | 1992 | 1394957 |
| detection of a sperm-coating antigen in the semen of bubalus bubalis. | 1. surface antigens of b. bubalis spermatozoa were solubilized by triton x-100 and edta; the sperm extract was used to raise antibodies in rabbits. 2. two major polypeptides, immunoprecipitated from the seminal plasma by the antibodies against the sperm extract, exhibited the same electrophoretic mobilities of two immunorelated sperm surface antigens. 3. the two polypeptides were isolated from the seminal plasma, by a multi-step chromatographic procedure, and found subunits of a single protein ( ... | 1992 | 1395507 |
| segregation analysis reveals tight genetic linkage between the spontaneously arising neural tube defect gene splotch (sp) and pax-3 in an intraspecific mouse backcross. | concurrent research has recently characterized sp2h, a radiation induced mutation at the splotch (sp) locus, and found alterations in the murine paired box gene, pax-3, in homozygous sp2h dna. it was proposed that sp and pax-3 are the same gene. this report presents additional genetic evidence in support of this finding through linkage studies. southern blot analysis of genomic dnas from a panel of 125 intraspecific [(sp/+ x cba/j)f1-sp x cba/j] backcross mice reveals no crossover between pax-3 ... | 1992 | 1395725 |
| comparative aetiology of childhood diarrhoea in kakamega and kiambu districts, kenya. | two hundred diarrhoea specimens collected during january to february 1988, from rural children aged 0 to 60 months in kakamega district were examined for bacteria, parasites and rotavirus. the results were compared with a sample of 184 diarrhoea specimens matched for month of collection, taken from data collected in the same manner from children in kiambu district. the mean ages of children in the 2 samples did not differ significantly. there were significant differences in the prevalence of spe ... | 1992 | 1396210 |
| changes in the carbohydrate content of airway epithelium induced by human neutrophil elastase in the hamster. | hamster airway epithelial secretory cells were investigated by light and electron microscopic cytochemistry to study possible changes in their carbohydrate content induced by human neutrophil elastase (hne), an agent known to cause replacement of clara cells by mucous cells in hamster bronchi. characterization of secretory cell carbohydrates by the ab/pas, pa-tch-sp, hid-tch-sp, and lid-tch-sp sequences indicated the existence of periodate-reactive acidic glycoconjugates, but the absence of sulf ... | 1992 | 1396415 |
| hookworm infection among the melka sedi banana plantation residents, middle awash valley, ethiopia. | a study of intestinal parasites was done among the people who lived within the banana plantation zone of the melka sedi agricultural enterprise, awash valley, ethiopia in april 1987. the methods of parasite detection were the ritchie formal ether and the charcoal culture method for hookworm larvae species identification. from the total 633 population, 311 were examined at random of whom 60.8% were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. eight parasites were encountered, ascaris lumbricoid ... | 1992 | 1396614 |
| noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in conscious cynomolgus monkeys. | systolic (sp), diastolic (dp), and mean arterial blood pressures (map) and pulse rate (pr) were recorded on treated and untreated conscious cynomolgus monkeys by the oscillometric method (dinamap 1846sx/p). each monkey was placed in a restraining tube with the cuff placed on the base on the shaved tail. measurements were taken on untreated animals once or twice a day for 4 weeks. the mean and standard deviations for sp, dp, map, and pr were approximately 121 +/- 17, 60 +/- 14, and 84 +/- 17 mm h ... | 1992 | 1397804 |