| 'mystery swine disease' in canada. | | 1991 | 1664161 |
| [follow-up of epidemic viral infections in nurseries of rhone during 2 consecutive years]. | | 1991 | 1665223 |
| [pathomorphology of chronization and outcomes of experimental mycoplasma-viral pneumonia]. | pathomorphology of pneumonia induced by successive contamination of the syrian hamsters with a pathogenic strain of mycoplasma pneumoniae and an influenza virus a/pr8/34 as well as after contamination with an influenza virus against the background of a previous administration of the mycoplasma membrane fractions was studied. mixed mycoplasma-viral infection results in a tumor-like bronchiolar epithelium proliferation having a morphological similarity with bronchiolo-alveolar or acinar carcinoma, ... | 1991 | 1665966 |
| comparison of intranasal and aerosol infection of mice in assessment of immunity to influenza virus infection. | a comparison was made of intranasal and aerosol routes of infection with x-31 influenza a virus in balb/c mice. mice were first infected with 100 mid50 by either route then challenged 42 days later with the same virus given by the same or alternative route. three days following each infection, pulmonary virus was measured by inoculation of chick embryos. mice initially infected under ether anesthesia by intranasal inoculation experienced higher initial mortality but proved most resistant to subs ... | 1991 | 1666111 |
| [the protective action of arbidol during a rise in respiratory diseases in 1990]. | prophylactic properties of a new chemical drug, arbidol, against acute respiratory diseases (ard) were studied. arbidol given daily in a dose of 0.2 g for 19 days reduced the morbidity rate 2.3-fold in adults during an outbreak of ard. geometric mean titres of antibodies to respiratory viruses among healthy persons did not change after treatment with arbidol indicating the lack of immunosuppressive properties in the drug. the prophylactic effect of arbidol may be due to both specific effect of t ... | 1991 | 1666474 |
| antiviral activity of flos verbasci infusion against influenza and herpes simplex viruses. | the lyophilized infusion from flowers of verbascum thapsiforme schrad. (fvi) showed antiviral activity in in vitro studies against fowl plague virus, several influenza a strains, influenza b strain as well as herpes simplex virus. influenza viruses titer decreased by 1-3 log units, while of h. simplex virus by 2.3 log. fvi has shown virucidal activity on h. simplex virus at 300 micrograms/ml, but did not inactivate influenza viruses. phytochemical investigations of fvi have shown the presence of ... | 1991 | 1666504 |
| direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and its isopeptides from horseshoe crab hemocytes. | direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (tachypleus tridentatus and limulus polyphemus), was examined against several viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin i and its isopeptides. influenza a (h1n1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin i, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resist ... | 1991 | 1666545 |
| effect of respiratory tract viral infection on murine airway beta-adrenoceptor function, distribution and density. | 1. the effects of a respiratory tract viral infection on beta-adrenoceptor density, distribution and function were investigated in murine airways. 2. following intranasal inoculation of cba/cah mice with influenza a/pr-8/34 virus, the virus proliferated rapidly in trachea (peak titres 2 days post-inoculation) and lung (peak titres 4-6 days post-inoculation). respiratory tract viral infection was associated with a significant increase in lung weight (88% higher than control mice at day 6 post-ino ... | 1991 | 1667292 |
| longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years. | the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ... | 1991 | 1668974 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1990--june 1991. | | 1991 | 1669752 |
| influenza surveillance. | | 1991 | 1669817 |
| influenza activity, england and wales. | | 1991 | 1669826 |
| influenza activity. | | 1991 | 1669896 |
| class ii mhc-restricted t cell determinants processed from either endosomes or the cytosol show similar requirements for host protein transport but different kinetics of presentation. | we have studied the role of apc protein transport in presentation of class ii mhc-restricted t cell determinants of influenza virus glycoproteins that have distinct ag processing requirements. two i-ed-restricted epitopes were analyzed: hemagglutinin (ha) 111-119, which is processed by the exogenous/endocytic pathway, and neuraminidase (na) 79-93, which has a requirement for cytosolic processing. na 79-93 is presented from infectious but not non-replicative virus under ordinary conditions. this ... | 1991 | 1673146 |
| influenza virus rna in the lung and lymphoid tissue of immunologically intact and cd4-depleted mice. | the distribution and clearance of viral rna (vrna) and mrna has been analysed for the acute and recovery stages of the pneumonia induced by intranasal infection of c57bl/6j mice with h3n2 influenza a viruses. amplification of viral genomic material by the polymerase chain reaction showed that the influenza haemagglutinin (ha) gene was eliminated from the lungs of immunologically intact mice by day 14 post-infection, whereas in vitro depletion of the cd4+ t cells delayed clearance by at most 4 da ... | 1991 | 1677414 |
| correlation of in vitro cd4+ t helper cell function with clinical graft status in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients. | we recently identified three distinct t helper pathways which contribute to interleukin-2 (il-2) production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes following stimulation with hla alloantigens. in two of these pathways, cd4+ t helper cells respond to alloantigen using either self antigen-presenting cells (sapc)* or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (aapc). a third pathway involves cd8+ t helper cells using aapc. previous in vitro studies have shown that the t helper pathway dependent on cd4+ t he ... | 1991 | 1678559 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | there are several anecdotal accounts of the association between outbreaks of influenza and meningococcal disease. the exceptional increase in the number of cases of meningococcal infection 2 weeks after an influenza a outbreak in england and wales during november and december, 1989, provided an opportunity to investigate the relation between the two events. patients with meningococcal disease in december, 1989, were more likely than age-matched controls to show serological evidence of recent inf ... | 1991 | 1678811 |
| aetiologic study on an influenza-like epidemic in horses in china. | about thirty thousands horses were affected and hundreds of them died in an epidemic caused by equine 2 influenza virus (h3n8) in china. the estimated morbidity and mortality accounted for 81% and 2%, respectively. the viral protein and rna electrophoresis patterns revealed that the new isolates were antigenically different from the prototype strain influenza a/eq/miami/1/63(h3n8). therefore, the representative strain of the equine 2 subtype of influenza a virus recommended for producing referen ... | 1991 | 1681717 |
| priming of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes vivo by short synthetic peptides. | influenza virus-specific ctl were primed in vivo by immunization with short synthetic peptides representing major ctl epitopes from the nucleoprotein of type a influenza virus. the resultant ctl after in vitro boosting of primed spleen cells recognized both virus-infected and peptide-pulsed target cells. the requirement of cd4+ t cell activation was investigated in several ways. first the addition of helper epitopes to the ctl epitope did not enhance ctl generation, suggesting that helper activi ... | 1991 | 1682377 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | | 1991 | 1682561 |
| [the infection of mice with the influenza virus suppresses bone marrow precursor differentiation in the erythroid and granulocyte directions]. | mice (cba x c57bl/6)f1 were inoculated intranasally with nonlethal doses of influenza a/pr/8/34 virus (500 eid50). at different intervals postinoculation, bone marrow cells were collected from them and inoculated intravenously to lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients with the purpose of determination of the histological types of colony-forming units of spleen (cfus). on day 3 after inoculation, inhibition of cfus differentiation in erythroid and granulocytic directions was observed, and in 7 ... | 1991 | 1686691 |
| further studies on cold adapted variants of human influenza virus a/krasnodar/101/59 (h2n2) with special reference to genetic stability of attenuation markers. | a previously described cold adapted (ca) attenuated virus, k/25, derived from parent strain a/krasnodar/101/59 (h2n2), was further modified by 35 additional passages in chick embryos at suboptimal temperature. the virus obtained had retained a distinct ts and ca phenotype and some other markers of attenuation but differed from formerly isolated ca variants by its higher genetic stability connected with an increased growth capacity in chick embryos. | 1991 | 1686959 |
| a new class of antivirals: antisense oligonucleotides combined with a hydrophobic substituent effectively inhibit influenza virus reproduction and synthesis of virus-specific proteins in mdck cells. | to enhance the penetration of oligonucleotide ('oligo') into cells, the oligo was combined with the hydrophobic undecyl residue. using the 'dna-synthesator', we synthesized oligo, complementary to the loop-forming site of the rna, encoding polymerase 3 of the influenza virus (type a), and combined it with the undecyl residue added to the 5' terminal phosphate group. it was found that the modified oligo effectively suppresses the influenza a/pr8/34 (h1n1) virus reproduction and inhibits the synth ... | 1990 | 1688418 |
| a dominant th epitope in influenza nucleoprotein. analysis of the fine specificity and functional repertoire of t cells recognizing a single determinant. | the sequence 260-283 of the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza a virus is an epitope recognized by virus-immune lymph node cells from cba (h-2k), b6 (h-2b), and b10.s (h-2s) mice. further analysis shows that there are at least two th epitopes within this sequence: the one close to the n-terminal (p260-273) is recognized by t cells from cba and b6 mice while that close to the carboxyl-terminal (p270-283) is a dominant th determinant in b10.s mice. the fine specificity of the recognition of this epit ... | 1990 | 1690775 |
| the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in antigen processing. n-glycosylation of influenza hemagglutinin abrogates cd4+ cytotoxic t cell recognition of endogenously processed antigen. | evidence is presented for an endogenous route of ag processing for cd4+ t cell recognition of influenza hemagglutinin that requires obligatory traffic of de novo synthesized hemagglutinin across the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum for processing in a cytosolic compartment. i-ad-restricted t cell clones that recognize synthetic peptides corresponding to two distinct antigenic regions of the ha1 subunit, ha1 56-76 and ha1 177-199, are cytotoxic and, dependent on epitope specificity can recogniz ... | 1990 | 1690778 |
| specific antibody responses and generation of antigenic variants in chickens immunized against a virulent avian influenza virus. | to examine the specificity of the antibody response to the influenza hemagglutinin and the generation of antigenic variants, chickens were immunized against the highly virulent h5 virus a/ty/ont/7732/66 (h5n9) and then challenged with a lethal dose of the virus. the antibody responses of these chickens to the hemagglutinin (ha) were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in which their sera were titrated for the ability to block the binding of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to ... | 1990 | 1690984 |
| method for determining the concentration of influenza virus antihemagglutinin antibody molecules, the number of epitopes per virus particle and the equilibrium constant of virus antibody interaction. | a novel technique for the determination of the concentration of influenza virus antihemagglutinin antibody molecules (a), of the equilibrium constant (k) and of the number of epitopes recognized per virus particle (s) is described. the test utilizes measurements of virus-antibody interaction both in a photometric hemagglutination inhibition test and in the method of equilibrium filtration and is based on the following principle: the number of antibody molecules adsorbed per virus particle at the ... | 1990 | 1691202 |
| growth restriction of negative-strand-rna viruses in a rat 3y1 cell line. | a rat fibroblast cell line, 3y1 is nonpermissive for infection by several negative-strand-rna viruses including influenza virus a, sendai virus, newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), but not refractory to that of a positive-strand-rna virus, sindbis virus. to elucidate the mechanism of the restricted viral growth, we compared the replication pattern of vsv in 3y1 cells and in baby hamster kidney cells, which are fully permissive for those viruses. the results indicated th ... | 1990 | 1691814 |
| cellular events in the lymph node and lung of mice with influenza. consequences of depleting cd4+ t cells. | the cellularity of the mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected intranasally with a high dose of an h3n2 influenza a virus increases massively within 5 days. all classes of lymphocytes are involved. a similar, but much smaller, expansion in cell numbers occurs after exposure to a comparable dilution of normal chick allantoic fluid. in the control group, this increase in lymph node size is totally prevented by the in vivo depletion of cd4+ t cells whereas there is only a 50% reduction in the viru ... | 1990 | 1692070 |
| characterization and immunological properties of influenza a virus nucleoprotein (np): cell-associated np isolated from infected cells or viral np expressed by vaccinia recombinant virus do not confer protection. | a nucleoprotein (np) preparation purified from the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken eggs infected with fowl plague virus (a/fpv/rostock/34, h7n1) yielded, in addition to the commonly known 56k protein, a 42k component that could not be detected in virus particles. after testing with a series of np-specific monoclonal antibodies it was found that some reacted with both proteins and others were bound only by the 56k protein. among both types of np-specific monoclonal antibodies only a limited n ... | 1990 | 1693165 |
| [construction and expression in escherichia coli of a gene of hybrid hemagglutinin h1-h3 of influenza virus]. | the hybrid gene of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) of the h1-subtype, carrying the sequence coding for the fragment of h3-subtype antigenic site b, was constructed. the product of expression of this gene in e. coli was obtained as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase. the chimeric protein was shown to retain the antigenic properties of ha of h1-subtype and to interact specifically with antibodies against the synthetic peptide corresponding to the b site fragment of ha of the h3-subtype. | 1990 | 1694568 |
| carbohydrates inhibit the potentiating effect of bacteria, endotoxin and virus on basophil histamine release. | histamine release caused by calcium ionophore a23187 and anti-ige was examined in leukocyte suspensions from 8 healthy individuals. staphylococcus aureus, lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella typhimurium and influenza a virus were found to enhance the histamine release but did not release histamine per se. the potentiation of mediator release depends on a non-transient signal since the potentiating effect was also obtained by preincubation of the cells with lps followed by wash-out and stimu ... | 1990 | 1695460 |
| virus enhances ige- and non-ige-dependent histamine release induced by bacteria and other stimulators. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by staph. aureus, salmonella enteritidis, non-haemolytic streptococci, or e. coli. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release and the effect was caused by synergism, since the virus did not induce release of histamine per se. this potentiating effect of the virus was seen both when the bacteria-induced histamine release was ige-dependent (i.e. patient sensitized to the bacterium) and when the bacterium caused mediato ... | 1990 | 1695462 |
| influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific antibodies isolated from a combinatorial expression library are closely related to the immune response of the donor. | antibodies specific for the influenza virus hemagglutinin have been isolated from a combinatorial expression library generated using mrna obtained from an immunized donor mouse. sequence analysis indicates that the antibody heavy chain variable regions were derived from members of an expanded hemagglutinin-specific b-cell clone, in conjunction with one of two light chain variable regions. moreover, the most frequently identified heavy chain variable/light chain variable combination is extremely ... | 1990 | 1696733 |
| cross-reactive protection against influenza a virus infections by an ns1-specific ctl clone. | an influenza a subtype cross-reactive ctl clone (a-11) was established following stimulation of a/pr/8 virus-immune spleen cells of balb/c (h-2d) mice. this t cell clone lysed target cells infected with influenza viruses of the h1, h2, or h3 subtypes, and recognizes a conserved epitope on the ns1 protein. the clone is restricted by the h-2ld allele. adoptive transfer of a-11 significantly reduced virus titers in the lungs of mice infected with influenza a viruses of the h1, h2, or h3 subtypes. t ... | 1990 | 1697125 |
| [the ts phenotype of reisolates from children inoculated with live cold-adapted influenza vaccine type a]. | using mutants of fowl plague virus (frv) which have single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in some genes, an analysis was carried out on reisolates from children of 3-6 years, vaccinated with a monovaccine from recombinant strains of influenza type a virus. the recombinants were obtained by crossing of current epidemic strains of subtypes a (hini) and a (h3n2) with the cold-adapted (xa) ts-donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) from which they, as a rule, inherited 5 ts-mutations ... | 1990 | 1697128 |
| the antigenic structure of a human influenza a (h1n1) virus isolate grown exclusively in mdck cells. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies has been produced against a 1983 human influenza a (h1n1) virus that has been isolated and grown exclusively in mdck cells. several of these antibodies were used to select variants from mdck-derived virus in cells and their epitopes were then located by determining the ha1 amino acid sequence. the operational antigenic map of the haemagglutinin indicates the presence of two distinct immunodominant antigenic regions which correspond but are not identical to antige ... | 1990 | 1697329 |
| enhancement of the protective efficacy of inactivated influenza a virus vaccine in aged mice by il-2 liposomes. | a dose-dependent, vaccine-induced protection of aged and young balb/c mice against lethal influenza a virus challenge has been demonstrated. low dose formalin-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine was protective in young mice, but not in aged mice, while a higher dose was protective in both. administration of low dose vaccine with il-2 liposomes conferred protection comparable to the high dose in aged mice. serum neutralizing antibody responses were stimulated by vaccine in a dose-dependent mann ... | 1990 | 1697721 |
| a large degree of functional diversity exists among helper t cells specific for the same antigenic site of influenza hemagglutinin. | the site-1 determinant of the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus (a/pr/8/34) is one of several immunodominant sites in the balb/c th cell response to ha. a synthetic peptide comprising this t cell site (ha110-120), a panel of analogs containing single substitutions in this determinant, and homologs truncated at the amino- or carboxyl-terminal were used to examine the fine specificities of 15 t cells specific for site-1 in the context of i-ed. the results indicate that every residue within ... | 1990 | 1698871 |
| inhibitory effect of protein kinase c inhibitor on the replication of influenza type a virus. | the growth of influenza virus a/pr/8/34 in mdck cells was inhibited by 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (h7) which is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase c, but not by an effective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. analysing the inhibitory effect of h7 during the replication cycle of influenza virus, we found that the primary transcripts were sufficiently synthesized in infected cells exposed to h7. the primary transcripts synthesized in the ... | 1990 | 1698925 |
| [the genome structure of influenza virus a/leningrad/23/81/(h1n1)]. | | 1990 | 1699123 |
| [the detection of the antigens of influenza viruses a and b in the blood of healthy donors]. | blood clots and sera were obtained from donors at a moscow city transfusion clinic during 1984-1988 and tested by indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with original test-sera to hemagglutinating antigens of influenza a (h1 and h3) and b viruses. examinations of 1714 blood samples demonstrated hemagglutinating antigens of different specificity (from 0.8% to 35%), the detection rate of one or another antigen correlating with the epidemic activity of influenza virus serovariants a and b. the vir ... | 1990 | 1699358 |
| virucidal activity of hypericin against enveloped and non-enveloped dna and rna viruses. | hypericin is a polycyclic anthrone first isolated from the plant st. johnswort and was shown to have dramatic anti-retroviral activity against friend leukemia virus and radiation leukemia virus in mice. hypericin displayed marginal activity (ic50 = 6 micrograms/ml) against moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) in vitro. hypericin did not display selective antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, influenza a, adenovirus, or poliovirus. the 50% cytotoxic concentration was approximately 2 ... | 1990 | 1699494 |
| an analysis of the properties of monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes on influenza virus hemagglutinin. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the hemagglutinin (ha) of the h3 subtype of influenza a virus were grouped according to their inability to bind to particular mab-selected neutralization escape mutants of the virus having an amino acid substitution in one of the five postulated antigenic sites on the molecule. additional residues critical to the binding of the mabs were deduced from their patterns of reactivity with a panel of field strains and receptor mutants of the h3 subtype. the re ... | 1990 | 1699509 |
| the recognition of a viral antigenic moiety by class i mhc-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes is limited by the availability of the endogenously processed antigen. | the transmembrane hydrophobic domain of the type a influenza a/japan/305/57 (h2n2) hemagglutinin (ha) contains an immunodominant site encompassing amino acids 523-545 (j523-545) recognized by class i mhc-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl). class i ctl of two fine specificity subsets map to this transmembrane (tm) site. one of these ctl subpopulations is subtype specific. these t lymphocytes recognize the site generated during infection of target cells with a/japan/305/57 virus (h2n2) but n ... | 1990 | 1700000 |
| the stoichiometry of binding between monoclonal antibody molecules and the hemagglutinin of influenza virus. | the number of neutralizing monoclonal igg molecules that can bind to a single trimeric molecule of influenza viral hemagglutinin (ha) was calculated by estimating the molecular weight of the immune complexes formed under conditions of antibody excess and was found to be dependent upon the antigenic site to which the mab is directed. whereas three antibody molecules directed to site a or site e are able to bind simultaneously to a single trimer of ha, generally only one molecule directed to site ... | 1990 | 1700542 |
| [various approaches to designing the functionally active determinants as illustrated by the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | hexapeptide lys-gly-pro-asp-ser-gly analogous to the immunodominant fragment 141-146 of the epitope a of the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin is synthesized. conjugated with thyroglobulin and hemocyanine, the hexapeptide induced formation of highly specific antibodies with heterolytic properties in cba mice. antihexapeptide antibodies interact not only with the homologous antigen but also with hemagglutinin and influenza virus. choice of the hexapeptide sequence is discussed. | 1990 | 1700716 |
| effects of proxigermanium on interferon production and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the lung of influenza virus-infected mice and in virus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. | proxigermanium (sk-818) is a synthesized organic germanium compound having various biological activities. the effects of proxigermanium on interferon (ifn) production in mice infected with influenza virus and virus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmc) were investigated. proxigermanium alone did not induce ifn production in normal mice or in hpbmc without viral infection. on the other hand, proxigermanium enhanced alpha/beta ifn production in viral-infected mice and hpbmc. si ... | 1990 | 1700719 |
| mechanism of antigenic variation in an individual epitope on influenza virus n9 neuraminidase. | monoclonal antibodies which inhibit influenza virus neuraminidase (na) and which therefore indirectly neutralize virus infectivity bind to epitopes located on the rim of the active-site crater. the three-dimensional structure of one of these epitopes, recognized by monoclonal antibody nc41, has previously been determined (w. r. tulip, j. n. varghese, r. g. webster, g. m. air, w. g. laver, and p. m. colman, cold spring harbor symp. quant. biol. 54:257-263, 1989). nineteen escape mutants of influe ... | 1990 | 1700825 |
| overlapping cytotoxic t-lymphocyte and b-cell antigenic sites on the influenza virus h5 hemagglutinin. | to define the recognition site of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) on influenza virus h5 hemagglutinin (ha), an h5 ha-specific ctl clone was examined for the ability to recognize monoclonal antibody-selected ha variants of influenza virus a/turkey/ontario/7732/66 (h5n9). on the basis of 51cr release assays with the variants, a ctl epitope was located near residue 168 of h5 ha. to define the epitope more precisely, a series of overlapping peptides corresponding to this region was synthesized and te ... | 1990 | 1700833 |
| immunogenic peptide comprising a mouse hepatitis virus a59 b-cell epitope and an influenza virus t-cell epitope protects against lethal infection. | the coronavirus spike protein s is responsible for important biological activities including virus neutralization by antibody, cell attachment, and cell fusion. recently, we have elucidated the amino acid sequence of an s determinant common in murine coronaviruses (w. luytjes, d. geerts, w. posthumus, r. meloen, and w. spaan, j. virol. 63:1408-1412, 1989). a monoclonal antibody directed to this determinant (mab 5b19.2) protected mice against acute fatal infection. in this study, balb/c mice were ... | 1990 | 1700835 |
| influenza a virus potentiates bacteria-induced histamine release. examination of normal individuals and patients allergic to bacteria. | influenza a virus was found to enhance basophil histamine release induced by escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus sanguis, but did not per se release histamine. this potentiating effect of the virus was seen both when the bacteria-induced mediator release was ige-dependent (i.e. patient allergic to bacterium) and when the bacterium caused histamine release by a non-immunological mechanism independent of ige (putative sugar-le ... | 1990 | 1700889 |
| influenza a virus enhances basophil histamine release and the enhancement is abolished by carbohydrates. | basophil histamine release was studied in leukocyte suspensions from normal individuals and from patients allergic to house dust mite or birch pollen. mediator release caused by ige-mediated reactions was examined by stimulating the cells with anti-ige or specific antigens, and the calcium ionophore a23187 was used for a non-immunological histamine release. in all experiments influenza a virus caused a synergic enhancement of the mediator release and the potentiation was abolished by galactose ( ... | 1990 | 1700890 |
| [the isolation and study of the properties of current influenza a viruses (h1n1) with a natural resistance to remantadine]. | studies of influenza a viruses (h1n1) isolated in 1985-1988 revealed 4 strains with natural resistance to chemical drugs (remantadine, adapromine, deitiforin). three of them were isolated in mongolia (a/mongolia/230/85, a/mongolia/231/85, and a/mongolia/128/86) and one in the ussr (a/moscow/771/88). these strains differed from other isolates by the following features: (i) antigenic remoteness from reference a/chile/1/83 and a/taiwan/1/86; (ii) similarity in antigenic specificity with a/khabarovs ... | 1990 | 1701588 |
| effect of a tyr-to-his point-mutation at position 59 in the alpha-1 helix of the hla-b27 class-i molecule on allospecific and virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition. | hla-b2703, a mutation of hla-b2705, is characterized by a tyr-to-his substitution at position 59 in the alpha 1 domain of the class-i heavy chain. so far, the hla-b2703 subtype was found only in two black individuals and it is the first polymorphism at position 59 of mhc class-i molecules. we have examined whether the single amino-acid substitution at position 59 results in an alloantigenic determinant and hla-restriction element, and whether hla-b2703 functionally differs from hla-b2705. in vit ... | 1990 | 1701919 |
| identification of eight determinants in the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) which are recognized by class ii-restricted t cells from balb/c mice. | eight nonoverlapping regions of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule of influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8), which serve as recognition sites for class ii-restricted t cells (th) from balb/c mice, have been identified in the form of 10- to 15-amino-acid-long synthetic peptides. these th determinants are located between residues 110 to 313 of the ha1 polypeptide. from a total of 36 ha-specific th clones and limiting-dilution cultures of independent clonal origins, 33 (90%) responded to stimulation with on ... | 1991 | 1702160 |
| distinct glycoprotein inhibitors of influenza a virus in different animal sera. | normal horse and guinea pig sera contain the glycoprotein inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin, which inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h2 and h3 subtypes. in the current study, the presence of inhibitors of influenza a virus in pig and rabbit sera was investigated. variants of influenza virus type a/los angeles/2/87(h3n2) that were resistant to horse, pig, or rabbit serum were isolated. analysis of the variant viruses with anti-hemagglutinin (ha) mo ... | 1991 | 1702161 |
| measurement of anti-influenza neuraminidase antibody using a peroxidase-linked lectin and microtitre plates coated with natural substrates. | neuraminidase-induced removal of sialic acid from natural substrates (desialylation) unmasks saccharides that are specifically recognized by the lectin peanut agglutinin (pna). we demonstrate that, when a neuraminidase substrate is coated on to the wells of a microplate, it is possible to quantitate the binding of pna to the desialylated substrate using a peroxidase-conjugated pna (po-pna). the amount of bound pna correlated directly with the amount of sialic acid removed from the substrate and ... | 1990 | 1703190 |
| epitope changes on the haemagglutinin molecule of recently isolated h1n1 influenza viruses. | we have studied changes of epitopes on the haemagglutinin molecule (ha) of h1n1 influenza viruses isolated between 1977 and 1986. for this purpose monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the ha of the influenza a/england/333/80 and a/yamagata/120/86 strain viruses. in order to define the amino acid residues responsible for the change of epitopes, we prepared several ha cdnas modified by site-directed mutagenesis and cloned them into a simian virus 40 expression vector (svha). the substi ... | 1991 | 1703564 |
| influenza a-specific, hla-a2.1-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes from hla-a2.1 transgenic mice recognize fragments of the m1 protein. | previous studies have indicated that in transgenic mice expressing human class i mhc molecules, it is difficult to demonstrate a significant ctl response to a viral ag in the context of the transgenic molecule. in this paper, a procedure is reported for the isolation of influenza-specific murine ctl restricted by the human class i molecule hla-a2.1. the principal specificity of such ctl is for a fragment of the influenza m1 protein that has been previously shown to be immunodominant for human hl ... | 1991 | 1704033 |
| [the rapid diagnosis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. | rapid methods for the detection of viral antigens and immunoglobulins in nasal and bronchial washings from patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (cnpd) are described. these methods are based on viral antigen and immunoglobulin agglutination with cellulose particles sensitized with specific sera and gamma-globulin fractions. the investigation takes just 3-5 min. respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a and b, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, immunoglobulins g and m, and immunog ... | 1990 | 1704447 |
| conservation of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies against the separated subunits of influenza hemagglutinin among type a viruses of the same and different subtypes. | monoclonal antibodies raised against the separated hemagglutinin subunits (ha1 and ha2) of influenza a/vic/3/75 (h3n2) virus were tested against a large panel of human and avian strains. the epitopes recognized by most antibodies were conserved among subtype h3 viruses, but reactivity of some antibodies with members of other subtypes was also observed. particularly, the h4 virus reacted with most antibodies directed against the ha2 subunit. these results are discussed in terms of sequence simila ... | 1991 | 1705790 |
| [features of mutated changes of genomic rna of cold-adapted and hr-variants of influenza group a virus, detected by rna:rna hybridization]. | the presence of mutations in the majority of the genes of cold-adapted strains a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2), a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) and a/pr/8/59/1 (h1n1) of influenza a virus has been demonstrated by the rna-rna hybridization with the subsequent electrophoresis of double-stranded rna in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. the strains were cultivated 17, 47 and 59 passages in the chicken embryos at 25 degrees c. in the genomes of variants passaged in chicken embryos at optimal temperature of incubati ... | 1990 | 1706066 |
| [differences in the structure of the hemagglutinin gene in variants of the influenza a (h3n2) virus, differing in immunogenic activity]. | | 1990 | 1706067 |
| analysis of the hla-restricted influenza-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte response in transgenic mice carrying a chimeric human-mouse class i major histocompatibility complex. | transgenic murine lines have been constructed that express a chimeric class i molecule composed of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of hla-a2.1 and the alpha 3, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains of h-2kb. upon immunization with influenza virus, transgenic mice developed a strong a2.1kb-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response specific for the same matrix protein epitope that serves as the dominant a2.1-restricted determinant in the equivalent human response. fine specificity analysis ... | 1991 | 1706750 |
| structural assignment of novel and immunodominant antigenic sites in the neutralizing antibody response of cba/ca mice to influenza hemagglutinin. | information on the antigenic structure of influenza hemagglutinin (ha) has been deduced previously from sequence analyses of laboratory mutant viruses selected, in vitro, with neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) established exclusively from balb/c (h-2d) mice; and there has been no attempt to investigate the influence of host genetic background, or natural route of infection, on the protective antibody repertoire. cba/ca mice are extremely sensitive to x31 virus infection, and in the present ... | 1991 | 1706753 |
| [comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization against influenza in a large clinical trial. 2. results of immunologic studies]. | in a multicentric trial 350 persons (19-24 years) were immunized with influenza vaccines containing the following virus antigens: a/singapore/6/86, (h1n1); a/mississippi/1/85, (h3n2); b/ann arbor/1/86. 174 received an i.m. injection of 0.5 ml "influmun" vaccine from ssw dresden/gdr. 176 persons were immunized twice within 60 days with enteric-wated capsules each containing approximately 60 micrograms hemagglutinin of all three virus strains. the volunteers were clinically observed in an interval ... | 1990 | 1706903 |
| recognition of disparate ha and ns1 peptides by an h-2kd-restricted, influenza specific ctl clone. | ctls (cd8+) are known to recognize exogenous peptide in the context of class i mhc molecules. we observed that an influenza subtype h1 and h2 cross-reactive ctl clone b7, which was stimulated by a fusion protein containing a portion of ha2 subunit of a/pr/8 virus ha, recognized a synthetic peptide (residues 515-526) of the ha2 subunit of a/pr/8 virus strain. this ctl clone also recognized a structurally disparate ns1 peptide 50-68 of the same a/pr/8 virus. we examined the recognition of the ns1 ... | 1991 | 1707132 |
| [selection of antigenic variants of the influenza virus on the cells of different hosts]. | antigenic differences were found in influenza b virus variants isolated and propagated in different systems: chick embryos (e variants) and mdck cell culture (m variants). the antigenic differences in m and e variants were detected in hi tests with polyclonal mouse sera and monoclonal antibodies as well as in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos and mdck cell culture, and confirmed when m and e variants were used as antigens for antibody detection in human sera. by protein mobility i ... | 1990 | 1707196 |
| [modern variations of human influenza group a viruses at the molecular level]. | the authors own results on the variety of the genomic primary structures in human influenza a viruses participating in the epidemic process, including the atypical viruses. the comparative studies revealed new trends in the ha gene antigenic drift on the late stages and the pb1 gene shift. modifications occurring in the primary structure of the influenza a viruses native genomes during laboratory treatment (adaptation to new hosts, vaccine preparation, egg passaging) have been analyzed. sequenci ... | 1990 | 1707499 |
| many peptide fragments of alien antigens are homologous with host proteins, thus canalizing t-cell responses. | all proteins of this world are constructed in compliance with the same rule. accordingly, two totally unrelated proteins, on the average, share 30 identical tripeptides, two tetrapeptides, and one pentapeptide per 500 residues. with this in mind, the 221-residue-long influenza virus hemagglutinin ii (ivha-ii), as a representative of alien antigens, was compared with three diverse proteins representing the host: 533-residue-long chicken c-src protein kinase (c-src product of the cellular oncogene ... | 1991 | 1707530 |
| virus, bacteria and lipopolysaccharide increase basophil cell response to histamine releasing stimulators and calcium. examination of allergic and normal individuals. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes from allergic patients or controls was induced by specific antigens, anti-ige or calcium ionophore a23187. influenza a virus, s. aureus and lipopolysaccharide from s. typhimurium increased the maximum release of histamine and caused a shift to the left of the dose-response curves showing increased cell sensitivity and lowering of the threshold to these stimuli. the mechanism of action was elucidated by examining the mediator release as a function ... | 1991 | 1710094 |
| regulated m1 mrna splicing in influenza virus-infected cells. | influenza virus rna segment 7 generates three poly(a)+ rnas, m1 mrna, m2 mrna and mrna3, the last of which has almost no coding capacity; m2 mrna and mrna3 derive from m1 mrna by removal of a single intron. the kinetics of m1 and m2 mrna accumulation in the cytoplasm of productively infected cells were studied by means of a quantitative rna protection assay; the ratio of m2 mrna to m1 mrna increased 2.7-fold during the course of infection. to analyse the basis for this change, the kinetics of m1 ... | 1991 | 1710647 |
| [the anti-influenza effect of rimantadine and isoprinosine when used in combination in mice]. | the antiviral effect of rimantadine and isoprinosine applied in combination against fowl plague virus (fpv) in cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts and in experimental influenza infection in mice has been studied. isoprinosine does not inhibit the reproduction of fpv when given alone and does not increase the antiviral activity of rimantadine. after oral application of both substances according to an appropriate scheme in mice infected with influenza virus a/aichi (n3n2), an increase in the ... | 1990 | 1711269 |
| inhibition of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and induction of interferon by synthetic sialylated glycoconjugates. | multivalent forms of neoglycoproteins and polyacrylamides containing sialic acid were prepared and shown to be potent inhibitors of influenza a virus (h3n2) hemagglutinin with chick red blood cells. the synthetic sialylated glycoconjugates, although they were neuraminidase substrates, did not suppress viral neuraminidase and did not reduce infectivities in chick embryos. the copolyacrylamide conjugate containing a spacer group of approximately 11 a (1 a = 0.1 nm) between the polymer backbone and ... | 1991 | 1711409 |
| identification of naturally processed viral nonapeptides allows their quantification in infected cells and suggests an allele-specific t cell epitope forecast. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize virus-derived peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules on virus-infected cells. such peptides have been isolated from infected cells and were compared to synthetic peptides. we found previously the kd- or db-restricted natural influenza nucleoprotein peptides to coelute on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography columns with certain peptidic by-products present in synthetic peptide preparat ... | 1991 | 1713253 |
| human t cell recognition of influenza a nucleoprotein. specificity and genetic restriction of immunodominant t helper cell epitopes. | the characterization of human t cell antigenic sites on influenza a nucleoprotein (np) is important for subunit vaccine development for either antibody boosting during infection or to stimulate t cell-mediated immunity. to identify such sites, 31 synthetic peptides that cover more than 95% of the amino acid sequence from np of influenza a/nt/60/68 virus were tested for their ability to stimulate pbl from 42 adult donors. the most frequently recognized region was covered by a peptide correspondin ... | 1991 | 1713610 |
| selection of the same major t cell determinants of influenza nucleoprotein after vaccination or exposure to infectious virus. | in the present study, we have compared the t cell antigenic determinants on nucleoprotein (np) of influenza a/nt/60/68 virus recognized by balb/c mice (h-2d) after vaccination using several different vehicles with the determinants recognized after exposure to infectious virus. mice were immunized s.c. with: 1) purified recombinant np with three different adjuvants--alum, saponin, or cfa; 2) whole inactivated a/okuda virus in pbs or saponin; or 3) live attenuated salmonella typhimurium aroa- vect ... | 1991 | 1715366 |
| [the characteristics of the evolutionary variability of influenza a (h1n1) viruses]. | studies of the antigenic structure of hemagglutinins of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in 1978-1988 using monospecific and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the strains of the h1n1 subtype to be highly apt to antigenic drift. the evolutional variability of that period was peculiar and characterized by antigenic drift in various directions. in those years, the variants were regularly isolated which had retained the determinants of viruses of 1933-1957 circulation period in their hemagglutin ... | 1991 | 1715625 |
| [the heterogeneity of an influenza virus a population due to differences at individual hemagglutinin h3 sites]. | using monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein of various influenza virus strains, the populations of long-passaged strain a/hong kong/1/68 and of recently isolated strain a/sparrow/ukraine/83 belonging to the h3n2 serovariant were shown to have subpopulations of virions differing in the structure of antigenic sites of hemagglutinin and in nucleoprotein domain which correlated with the degree of electrostatic interaction of virions with an ion-exchanger. the results of the study ... | 1991 | 1715627 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza virus replicated at low temperature. iii. biochemical studies. | five strains of influenza viruses a(h3n2) replicated at low temperature passaged in cotton rats were reisolated. the properties of these strains replicated at low temperature were compared before and after passage in susceptible animals to check the stability of some its markers. at the same time original viruses replicated at 37 degrees c--which are different in epidemiological potency--were compared. the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titers, heat inactivation na and ha, mi ... | 1990 | 1715640 |
| construction of peptides encompassing multideterminant clusters of human immunodeficiency virus envelope to induce in vitro t cell responses in mice and humans of multiple mhc types. | to make synthetic peptide vaccines effective in a broad population of outbred humans, one would have to incorporate enough antigenic determinants to elicit recognition by t cells of most hla types. we have previously defined multideterminant regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope that include overlapping determinants seen by proliferating t cells of three or four haplotypes of mice. we have now tested the hypothesis that synthetic peptides encompassing such multideterminant r ... | 1991 | 1715888 |
| cd8 independence and specificity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes restricted by hla-aw68.1. | the crystal structure of the hla-aw68.1 antigen binding site revealed a negatively charged pocket centred on aspartic acid 74 (garrett et al. 1989). access to this '74 pocket' is blocked in hla-aw68.2 and hla-aw69 by two substitutions at positions 97 and 116. this key feature suggests that the aw68.1-peptide-specific interactions may involve salt bridges between oppositely charged residues. in this paper, the influenza epitope recognized by virus-specific hla-aw68.1-restricted cytotoxic t lympho ... | 1991 | 1715994 |
| [the characteristics of influenza a/h1n1 viruses related to a/pr/8/34 isolated in the mongolian people's republic]. | investigations of the antigenic structure and genome of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the mongolian people's republic in 1982, 1983, 1986 and 1987 from children with acute respiratory diseases using monoclonal antibodies and nucleotide sequencing revealed 4 strains identical to the prototype strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), variant m. sinai, and 8 strains closely similar to the epidemic strain a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) in the antigenic structure and a/leningrad/54 (h1n1) in the primary structure of h ... | 1991 | 1716390 |
| [the role of hemagglutinin during the adaptation of the influenza virus to a new host and its acquisition of virulent properties]. | | 1991 | 1716552 |
| characterization of two distinct major histocompatibility complex class i kk-restricted t-cell epitopes within the influenza a/pr/8/34 virus hemagglutinin. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) clones specific for the influenza a/pr/8/34 virus hemagglutinin (ha) were isolated by priming cba mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the ha molecule. the epitopes recognized by two of these clones, which were cd8+, kk restricted, and ha subtype specific, were defined by using a combination of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing ha fragments and synthetic peptides. one epitope is in the ha1 subunit at residues 259 to 266 (numbering from the initiato ... | 1991 | 1716691 |
| use of monoclonal anti-haemagglutinin antibodies for the "in vitro" selection of a sequential influenza virus antigenic variant. | a sequential antigenic variant of the a/texas/77 (h3n2) influenza virus was obtained in vitro using a monoclonal antibody against the haemagglutinin (ha) of the antigenic variant v18 previously selected in vitro from the parental texas virus. the sequential antigenic variant, designated dv1, the v18 antigenic variant and the parental a/texas/77 viruses were used to evaluate the frequency of anti-haemagglutinin antibodies in human sera in single radial haemolysis assays. twenty six of 100 childre ... | 1991 | 1717311 |
| to be or not to be a responder in t-cell responses: ubiquitous oligopeptides in all proteins. | amino acid sequences of all proteins are essays written in the same language. accordingly, the same set of words and phrases (oligopeptides) appear in totally unrelated proteins. the reason that only certain individuals of particular major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotypes can mount t-cell responses against a given antigen of pathogens is found in the fact that t-cell receptors are designed to recognize 18-20 residue-long peptide fragments sandwiched between two alpha-helices of class ... | 1991 | 1717377 |
| a frameshift mutation at the nh2 terminus of the nucleoprotein gene does not affect generation of cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes. | balb/3t3 cells infected with a retroviral vector encoding the influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) gene are efficiently lysed by ctl generated in balb/c mice (h-2d background). cells transduced with a mutant form of np which contains a frameshift mutation at its nh2 terminus (npm) do not express biochemically detectable levels of protein but nevertheless present ag to ctl with high efficiency. cold target inhibition studies indicate that the same ctl epitope(s) are recognized in cells harboring np ... | 1991 | 1717574 |
| t-helper-cell determinants in protein antigens are preferentially located in cysteine-rich antigen segments resistant to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin b, l, and d. | we report on a computer algorithm capable of predicting the location of t-helper-cell epitopes in protein antigen (ag) by analysing the ag amino acid sequence. the algorithm was constructed with the aim of identifying segments in ag which are resistant to proteolytic degradation by the enzymes cathepsin b, l, and d. these are prominent enzymes in the endocytic pathway through which soluble protein ag enter apc, and resistant segments in ag may, therefore, be expected to contain more t-cell deter ... | 1991 | 1718025 |
| comparison of class i- and ii-restricted t cell recognition of the identical peptide. | there is structural and functional evidence that both class i- and ii-restricted t cells recognize short processed peptides bound to mhc molecules. although the structural conformation of bound peptides remains unknown, no evidence of distinct structural motifs of class i- or class ii-restricted peptides has been described. conversely, two algorithms proposed to predict t cell epitopes, and based on primary amino acid sequence or tertiary structure, are both compatible with many observed class i ... | 1991 | 1718759 |
| [the use of sectional polystyrene plates in the set-up of lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis]. | the authors have examined the possibility of using sectional polystyrene plates, made in this country, in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and tick-borne encephalitis arboviruses, and with influenza a virus. the plates presensitized with specific antibodies were found fit for the detection of the antigens of the above viruses. these plates are not recommended for the detection of influenza a virus-specific proteins adsorbed directly onto the micro ... | 1991 | 1722853 |
| extension of a minimal t cell determinant allows relaxation of the requirement for particular residues within the determinant. | the determinant recognized by a class ii restricted helper t cell clone raised against a peptide corresponding to the c-terminal 24 residues of the heavy chain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) was examined in detail. the sequence 309vkqntlkl316 was identified as the minimal determinant for t cell activation but its stimulatory capacity was augmented by extension at either end. sets of peptide analogs, in which each residue within the minimal determinant was replaced in turn by every one of ... | 1991 | 1723295 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of a peptide-nucleic acid solution against the human immunodeficiency virus and influenza a virus. | a peptide-nucleic acid solution which had previously been reported to show in vivo efficacy in several viral infections (i.e. influenza, hepatitis, mumps, encephalitis, etc) was tested in three independent laboratories, including the us national institutes of health by specific in vitro methods for hiv and influenza a. the results of these studies demonstrated significant anti-viral activity of the peptide-nucleic acid solution against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the influenza a v ... | 1991 | 1724467 |
| [the strain-specific diagnosis of influenza by using lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis based on monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of the influenza a virus]. | nine monoclonal antibodies (mca) to hemagglutinin of influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus and 5 mca to influenza a/mississippi/1/85 (h3n2) virus were generated and characterized. the mca were used for the development of diagnostic test systems on the basis of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. the same mca were used as primary and detecting antibodies in the test system specific for ha of the h1 serosubtype, whereas in the test system specific for influenza a serosubtype h3 virus mca of different ... | 1991 | 1724583 |
| the chronicle of influenza epidemics. | epidemics that were probably influenza have been reported throughout recorded history. there were 13 fairly severe epidemics during the 18th century and 12 during the 19th century. probably 8 of these 25 were influenza pandemic. in the 20th century there have been 4 pandemic (1918/19, 1957/58, 1968/69 and 1977) due to the emergence of new subtypes of influenza a virus. the great pandemic of 1918/19 caused an estimated 20 million deaths. between pandemics usually there have been epidemics of vary ... | 1991 | 1724803 |
| antigenic analysis of recent h1n1 influenza viruses with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic analysis of recently isolated h1 influenza viruses was performed using haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay with monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin (ha) subunit. tests using monoclonal antibodies against the ha of the a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and a/yamagata/120/86 (h1n1) viruses revealed that the major antigenic drift occurred in 1985 or 1986 and a/dunedin/6/83-like virus became a major strain after 1986. | 1991 | 1724874 |
| [new sites in the hemagglutinin composition of epidemic variants of the influenza virus a (h3n2) from 1989-1990]. | immunological analysis of the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of newly isolated variants of influenza (h3n2) virus carried out using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic sites of hemagglutinin showed the 1989-1990 isolates to be markedly different in their antigenic properties from the variants isolated in previous years. sites with new antigenic properties were determined in hemagglutinin of the isolates. wide variability was found in the region of three immunodom ... | 1991 | 1725076 |
| differential inhibitory effects of sulfated polysaccharides and polymers on the replication of various myxoviruses and retroviruses, depending on the composition of the target amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins. | sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate) and sulfated polymers (i.e., sulfated polyvinylalcohol and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus type a (influenza a virus) but not of other myxoviruses (parainfluenza 3, measles, and influenza b viruses). the compounds were also inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 and simian ... | 1991 | 1725692 |
| antigen presentation and the association of class-i molecules. | we have identified two mutant cell lines which are not able to present epitopes of influenza virus synthesized in the cytoplasm but can present the same epitope when exposed to it as a peptide in the extracellular medium. the cell lines also have a defect in class-i assembly, with reduced expression of assembled alpha chain: beta 2m heterodimers at their cell surface. this led to the suggestion that the two traits were the result of the same mutation and that stable assembly of class-i molecules ... | 1991 | 1726936 |