| quantification of the transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 among red deer (cervus elaphus) under experimental conditions. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) is endemically present in a cattle population that lives in a nature reserve in the netherlands. red deer (cervus elaphus), living in the same nature reserve, can come into contact with the bhv1-infected cattle and could then become infected with bhv1. for the eradication of bhv1 in cattle, it is, therefore, important to know whether red deer alone can play a role in the transmission of bhv1. for that reason, we quantified the transmission of bhv1 among farmed red dee ... | 2005 | 16226408 |
| a novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. | in the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. based on the dna polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 16227223 |
| interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging prion disease of deer and elk. the risk of cwd transmission to humans following exposure to cwd-infected tissues is unknown. to assess the susceptibility of nonhuman primates to cwd, two squirrel monkeys were inoculated with brain tissue from a cwd-infected mule deer. the cwd-inoculated squirrel monkeys developed a progressive neurodegenerative disease and were euthanized at 31 and 34 months postinfection. brain tissue from the cwd-infected squirrel m ... | 2005 | 16227298 |
| tetr hybrid transcription factors report cell signaling and are inhibited by doxycycline. | we developed a bigenic reporter system composed of a hybrid transcription factor that combines the regulatory and activation domains of either elk-1 or cyclic amp-responsive element binding protein (creb) with the dna binding, dimerization, and regulatory domains from a synthetic variant of the bacterial tet repressor (tetr). the novel hybrid transcription factor tetr-elk-1 was regulated by mapk erk kinase 1 (mek-1) overexpression, and tetr-creb was regulated by protein kinase a (pka) overexpres ... | 2005 | 16235565 |
| first results of chronic wasting disease (cwd) surveillance in the south-eastern part of belgium. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) has not been reported in europe, whereas it is considered to be enzootic in free-ranging mule deer, rocky mountain elk and white-tailed deer in the area of colorado, wyoming, and nebraska, and new foci of cwd have been detected in other parts of the united states. however, no large-scale active epidemiosurveillance of european wild cervids has been installed in europe. in accordance with the opinion of the european scientific steering committee, a preliminary (activ ... | 2005 | 16238109 |
| importance of climatological downscaling and plant phenology for red deer in heterogeneous landscapes. | understanding how climate influences ecosystems represents a challenge in ecology and natural resource management. although we know that climate affects plant phenology and herbivore performances at any single site, no study has directly coupled the topography-climate interaction (i.e. the climatological downscaling process) with large-scale vegetation dynamics and animal performances. here we show how climatic variability (measured by the north atlantic oscillation 'nao') interacts with local t ... | 2005 | 16243701 |
| pcr detection of bovine herpesviruses from nonbovine ruminants in hungary. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to test six different nonbovine ruminant species for five bovine herpesviruses including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bohv-1), bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bohv-2), movar-type herpesvirus (bohv-4), bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1). species tested included 56 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 66 red deer (cervus elaphus), 20 fallow deer (dama dama), 16 mouflon (ovis musimon), 34 domestic sheep, and 44 ... | 2005 | 16244057 |
| liver concentrations of copper, cobalt, and selenium in wild norwegian red deer (cervus elaphus). | liver samples from 245 wild red deer (cervus elaphus) collected during the licensed hunting season in 2001 from five different locations in western norway were analyzed for copper (cu), cobalt (co), and selenium (se). the associations between these trace elements and geographical location, age group, and sex were studied. the median (and range of) liver concentrations (microg/g wet weight) for all the examined deer were: cu 20 (1.7-103), co 0.08 (<0.01-0.18), and se 0.09 (0.04-1.0). the results ... | 2005 | 16244067 |
| management of wild ungulate populations in italy: captive-breeding, hybridisation and genetic consequences of translocations. | captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. however, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. consequently, translocations of capt ... | 2005 | 16244928 |
| monitoring and treatment of fascioloides magna in semi-farm red deer husbandry in croatia. | the presence of american liver fluke (fascioloides magna) in croatian wild ruminant species was detected for the first time in january 2000. at the same time, the problem of adequate parasitological monitoring and treatment appeared in the captive deer population. quarantine and health screening protocols, as well as migration and transportation influence had to be evaluated in red deer husbandry. non-invasive methods were introduced to estimate the prevalence of f. magna in the semi-farm rearin ... | 2005 | 16244930 |
| photopolymerized hydrogel carriers for live vaccine ballistic delivery. | photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (peg)-crosslinked hydrogels were assessed for their ability to serve as a payload vehicle to deliver a viable bacterial vaccine (brucella abortus strain rb51 (rb51) to bison in yellowstone national park) ballistically using thermoplastic degradable biobullets. peg modified with degradable glycolide or lactide oligomers capped with photopolymerizable methacrylate groups served to crosslink the hydrogel vaccine carrier inside commercial hydroxypropylcellulose ... | 2006 | 16246467 |
| characterization of an erk-binding domain in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and differential inhibition of erk2-mediated substrate phosphorylation. | efficient and specific signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) is enhanced by docking sites found on many mapk substrates and regulators. here we show that the mapks erk1 and erk2 form a stable complex (kd approximately 6 microm) with their substrate the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf). complex formation requires a domain of mitf of approximately 100 residues that is nearby, but c-terminal to, the mapk phosphorylation site at ser73. mitf derivatives lacking t ... | 2005 | 16246839 |
| pd-0200347, an alpha2delta ligand of the voltage gated calcium channel, inhibits in vivo activation of the erk1/2 pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a pkcalpha dependent effect. | to explore the in vivo effects of pd-0200347, an alpha(2)delta ligand of voltage gated ca(2+) channels, on cell signalling in osteoarthritic (oa) chondrocytes from an experimental dog model, and examine the effect of pd-0200347 on the major signalling pathways involved in oa cartilage degradation. | 2006 | 16249226 |
| elevated methylmercury concentrations and loadings during flooding in minnesota rivers. | previous studies have identified flooded landscapes (e.g., wetlands, impoundments) as sites of elevated methylmercury (mehg) production. here we report mehg and total hg (thg) concentrations and mass loadings in rivers in minnesota during major flooding episodes in the summer of 2002. frequent intense precipitation events throughout the summer resulted in extraordinarily wet conditions in east-central and northwestern minnesota. streamflow remained at record-setting high levels in many rivers an ... | 2006 | 16257039 |
| experiences in deer sperm cryopreservation under practical conditions--a pilot study. | the genetic potential of the red and fallow deer populations in hungary is well known. conserving the variability in this excellent genetic material for game preservation is one of our most important task. the aim of the present pilot study was to test the logistical steps of a sperm processing and storing system in which deer sperm can be stored at a level that meets quality standards accepted for domestic animals. moreover, two different semen extenders, commercially used for freezing bull sem ... | 2005 | 16257607 |
| [wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 50 patients]. | to evaluate the rate of different organs involvement in 50 patients with wegener's granulomatosis (gw), and to describe their clinical manifestations and their response to treatment. | 2005 | 16258603 |
| citicoline inhibits map kinase signalling pathways after focal cerebral ischaemia. | the link between membrane phospholipids and different intracellular signal transduction pathways affected by cerebral ischaemia is unclear. cdp-choline, a major neuronal membrane lipid precursor and its intracellular target proteins and transcription factors were studied to further understand its role in ischaemic stroke. cerebral ischaemia was produced by distal, permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (mcao) in the rat. animals receiving 500 mg/kg of cdp-choline in 0.5 ml of 0.9% sal ... | 2005 | 16258856 |
| smooth muscle-specific genes are differentially sensitive to inhibition by elk-1. | understanding the mechanism of smooth muscle cell (smc) differentiation will provide the foundation for elucidating smc-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and asthma. in the current study, overexpression of elk-1 in smcs down-regulated expression of several endogenous smooth muscle-restricted proteins, including telokin, sm22alpha, and smooth muscle alpha-actin. in contrast, down-regulation of endogenous elk-1 in smooth muscle cells increased the expression of only telokin an ... | 2005 | 16260603 |
| epidemiology and risk factors analysis of elaphostrongylosis in red deer (cervus elaphus) from spain. | we studied the distribution and faecal shedding pattern of the first-stage larvae (l1) of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) in the red deer (cervus elaphus) across spain, where excretion was widespread. we evaluated the effects of individual, population and environmental factors on e. cervi l1 counts in 18 free-ranging red deer populations in south central spain. in this area, prevalence was 71.42+/-2.14% (n = 448) and mean intensity (n = 320) was 74.50+/-10.35. aggregation of ... | 2006 | 16265599 |
| the phosphorylation status of merlin is important for regulating the ras-erk pathway. | the neurofibromatosis type2 (nf2) tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, is structurally related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (erm) family of proteins that anchor the actin cytoskeleton to specific membrane proteins and participate in cell signaling. however, the basis of the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. previously, we identified a role of merlin as an inhibitor of the ras-erk signaling pathway. recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of merlin, as of ot ... | 2005 | 16267393 |
| food chain transfer of selenium in lentic and lotic habitats of a western canadian watershed. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient, exhibiting a narrow margin between nutritionally optimal and potentially toxic concentrations. egg-laying vertebrates at the top of aquatic food chains are most at risk in environments with elevated aqueous se concentrations. the elk river watershed in british columbia, canada receives effluents containing se from five coal mine operations. this study tested three hypotheses that might account for higher se concentrations in fish from lentic compared ... | 2006 | 16271761 |
| cocaine induction of erk proteins in dorsal striatum of fischer rats. | cocaine is an addictive psychostimulant that induces fos and opioid gene expression by activating the dopamine receptors and the pka pathways in dopamine d1 and a glutamate nmda-dependent mechanisms in the striatum. in this study, we show that a single cocaine administration induces erk phosphorylation in the caudate/putamen of fischer rats. this increase in phospho-erk is diminished by pre-administration of sch23390, or mk801 but not with pre-administration of eticlopride. furthermore, this sin ... | 2005 | 16271798 |
| erk and jnk signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in human prostate cancer pc-3 cells. | many isothiocyanates (itcs) such as sulforaphane (sfn), phenethyl isothiocyanate (peitc) and allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) are highly effectively in chemoprevention or reduction of the risk of cancer and possess antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. the activator protein 1 (ap-1) and mapk signaling pathways are believed to play an important role in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy due to their involvement in tumor cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and survival. in the present study ... | 2006 | 16272172 |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of fenbendazole in captive wild ruminants. | the efficacy of in-feed fenbendazole at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight for three consecutive days was assessed in five arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), six scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), 14 slender-horned gazelles (gazella leptoceros), eight soay sheep (ovis aries aries soay), 13 alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), six red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and 11 nelson's elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) kept in five herds in a zoo. the efficacy was assessed by means of repeated faecal egg count r ... | 2005 | 16272545 |
| recovery of dictyocaulus species from the lungs of a kashmir red deer (cervus elaphus hanglu). | | 2005 | 16272548 |
| effectiveness of gun-safety counseling and a gun lock giveaway in a hispanic community. | to evaluate the effectiveness of gun-safety counseling, a gun-safety brochure, and a free gun lock in subsequent gun removal and safe storage. | 2005 | 16275796 |
| effect of elk velvet antler supplementation on the hormonal response to acute and chronic exercise in male and female rowers. | to examine the effects of elk velvet antler supplementation (eva) combined with training on resting and exercise-stimulated hormonal response, male (n = 25) and female (n = 21) rowers ingested either eva (560 mg/d) or placebo (pl) during 10 wk of training. vo(2max), 2000 m rowing time, leg and bench press strength were determined before and after 5 and 10 wk of training. serum hormone levels were measured prior to and 5 and 60 min after a simulated 2000 m rowing race. vo(2max)and strength increa ... | 2005 | 16286669 |
| potential existence of a sylvatic cycle of taenia ovis krabbei in patagonia, argentina. | red deer (cervus elaphus) were introduced in southern latin america about a century ago and characteristics of the invasion raise concerns over their epidemiological role for various diseases. we report on the possible occurrence of taenia ovis krabbei established in a sylvatic cycle in patagonia. hook characters, size, appearance, and location of a cysticercus from a wild red deer are consistent with taenia ovis ovis or t. o. krabbei. although it is not possible to differentiate between t. o. o ... | 2006 | 16289565 |
| a model for short alpha-neurotoxin bound to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from torpedo californica: comparison with long-chain alpha-neurotoxins and alpha-conotoxins. | short-chain alpha-neurotoxins from snakes are highly selective antagonists of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr). although their spatial structures are known and abundant information on topology of binding to nachr is obtained by labeling and mutagenesis studies, the accurate structure of the complex is not yet known. here, we present a model for a short alpha-neurotoxin, neurotoxin ii from naja oxiana (ntii), bound to torpedo californica nachr. it was built by comparative ... | 2005 | 16290328 |
| bovine tuberculosis in wild boar (sus scrofa), red deer (cervus elaphus) and cattle (bos taurus) in a mediterranean ecosystem (1992-2004). | during the last 12 years, an increasing frequency in condemnation of hunted red deer and wild boar carcasses due to the presence of tubercle-like lesions has been observed in extremadura (western spain). before 1993, tuberculosis was a very rare finding in hunted animals. the current tuberculosis regional prevalence in cattle approaches 0.4% after years of expensive test and slaughter campaigns. it is imperative to investigate the epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer and wil ... | 2006 | 16297475 |
| pkcalpha expression regulated by elk-1 and mzf-1 in human hcc cells. | our previous study found that pkcalpha was highly expressed in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells and associated with cell migration and invasion. in this study, we further investigated the gene regulation of this enzyme. we showed that pkcalpha expression enhancement in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells was found neither by dna amplification nor by increasing mrna stability using differential pcr and mrna decay assays. after screening seven transcription factors in the putative cis-a ... | 2006 | 16297876 |
| reproductive performance of pubertal red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds: effects of genetic introgression of wapiti subspecies on pregnancy rates at 18 months of age. | low reproductive productivity of young red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds on new zealand deer farms appears to reflect high incidences of puberty failure at 16 months of age. this is despite the general attainment of average liveweights 15-25 kg in excess of the accepted minimum threshold for puberty in subspecies of western european origin (scoticus, elaphus and hippelaphus) that form the basis of the national herd. the present study tests the hypotheses that introgression of the larger north amer ... | 2005 | 16298276 |
| [anti-apoptotic potencial role of p38 in prostate cancer]. | tnf-alpha transduction pathway in prostate cancer seems to be diverted towards p38 activation. p38 may protect prostate tumoral cells from tnf-alpha apoptosis induced. the aim of this study was study the role of p38 in vivo (were evaluated some p38 downstream factors), as well as in vitro (in prostatic tumoral cell lines, lncap and pc3, pre-treated with tnf-alpha). | 2005 | 16304909 |
| the ternary complex factor net regulates cell migration through inhibition of pai-1 expression. | net, elk-1, and sap-1 are members of the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of ets transcription factors. they form ternary complexes with serum response factor (srf) on serum response elements of immediate early genes such as c-fos and egr-1 and mediate responses to growth factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. although the tcfs have been extensively studied as intermediates in signaling cascades, surprisingly little is known about their different target genes and physiolog ... | 2005 | 16314510 |
| quantifying erk2-protein interactions by fluorescence anisotropy: pea-15 inhibits erk2 by blocking the binding of dejl domains. | while mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways constitute highly regulated networks of protein-protein interactions, little quantitative information for these interactions is available. here we highlight recent fluorescence anisotropy binding studies that focus on the interactions of erk1 and erk2 with pea-15 (antiapoptotic phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 kda), a small protein that sequesters erk2 in the cytoplasm. the regulation of erk2 by pea-15 is appraised in the light of ... | 2005 | 16324895 |
| efficacy of in-feed-administered ivermectin on elaphostrongylus cervi first-stage excretion in red deer (cervus elaphus). | | 2006 | 16331471 |
| wild boar and red deer display high prevalences of tuberculosis-like lesions in spain. | we describe the distribution of tuberculosis-like lesions (tbl) in wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in spain. animals with tbl were confirmed in 84.21% of mixed populations (n=57) of red deer and wild boar and in 75% of populations of wild boar alone (n=8) in central and southern spain (core area). the prevalence of tbl declined towards the periphery of this region. in the core area, the prevalence ranged up to 100% in local populations of wild boar (mean estate prevalence 42 ... | 2006 | 16336928 |
| defective nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated t cells and extracellular signal-regulated kinase underlies deficient il-2 gene expression in wiskott-aldrich syndrome. | proliferation and il-2 production in response to t-cell receptor ligation are impaired in patients with wiskott-aldrich syndrome (was). the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab), nuclear factor of activated t cells (nf-at), and activating protein-1 (ap-1) play a critical role in il-2 gene expression. | 2005 | 16337472 |
| tuberculosis in ruminants: characteristics of intra-tonsilar mycobacterium bovis infection models in cattle and deer. | mycobacterium bovis infection produces tubercular lymphadenitis in the head lymphatics of cattle and deer, in addition to pulmonary disease. a low-dose intra-tonsilar infection model that establishes tuberculosis (tb) lymphadenitis in cattle and deer is characterised in this study. intra-tonsilar infection of red deer (500 cfus of m. bovis) was monitored longitudinally at 6-week intervals over a period of 23 weeks. lesion characteristics, bacteriological and immunological parameters were assesse ... | 2006 | 16337832 |
| alteration of activator protein 1 dna binding activity in gentamicin-induced hair cell degeneration. | sensorineural hearing loss is often associated with damage of cochlear hair cells and/or of the neurons of the auditory pathway. this damage can result from a variety of causes, e.g. genetic disorders, aging, exposure to certain drugs such as aminoglycosides, infectious disease and intense sound overexposure. intracellular events that mediate aspects of aminoglycoside-mediated damage to hair cells have been partially unraveled. several independent research groups have demonstrated a crucial role ... | 2006 | 16338090 |
| chronic wasting disease of elk and deer and creutzfeldt-jakob disease: comparative analysis of the scrapie prion protein. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. although the transmission of cwd to humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. if this were to occur, it is important to know whether the "acquired" human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (prp(sc)) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. in this study, we have compared the ... | 2006 | 16338930 |
| immunoglobulin g1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of johne's disease in red deer (cervus elaphus). | this study was designed to develop a customized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of johne's disease (jd) in farmed deer. two antigens were selected on the basis of their superior diagnostic readouts: denatured purified protein derivative (ppdj) and undenatured protoplasmic antigen (ppag). elisa development was based on the antigen reactivity of the immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) isotype, which is a highly specific marker for mycobacterial disease seroreactivity in deer. ... | 2005 | 16339063 |
| increased effect of harsh climate in red deer with a poor set of teeth. | teeth are vital for mammal performance and especially in ungulates relying on mechanical decomposition of plant material for effective microbial digestion and energy uptake. the main focus of the role of teeth in ungulate life histories has been on tooth wear, while no one has addressed to what extent deviation from the natural set of teeth (maldentition) causes variation in individual fitness components. based on mandibles from 41,066 individual red deer (cervus elaphus l.) collected from 1969 ... | 2006 | 16341894 |
| wildlife reservoirs for bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in canada: strategies for management and research. | in canada, there are two known regional foci where wildlife populations are infected with bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) and considered to be disease reservoirs. free-ranging populations of wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in and around wood buffalo national park (wbnp) and wapiti (cervus elaphus manitobensis) in and around riding mountain national park (rmnp) are infected with bovine tuberculosis. in this paper, we provide an overview of these diseased wild ungulate populations an ... | 2006 | 16343817 |
| occurrence of fumonisin in forage grass in new zealand. | fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) was isolated from samples of forage grass originating in paddocks associated with an idiopathic disease of canadian wapiti and wapiti-red deer hybrids characterized by "ill thrift" and liver dysfunction. four of 40 samples contained 1, 3, 6, and 9 ppm (micrograms per gram) of fb(1) and 4, 0.5, 2, and 0.5 ppm, respectively, of the methyl ester of fb(1). analyses were done by ion spray mass spectrometry and confirmed by both fast atom bombardment (solids probe) and mass spec ... | 1992 | 16348778 |
| hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (hrs) interacts with pelp1 and activates mapk. | pelp1 (proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1) (also known as the modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor) plays a role in genomic functions of the estrogen receptor via histone interactions and in nongenomic functions via its influence on the mapk-src pathway. however, recent studies have shown that differential compartmentalization of pelp1 could play a crucial role in modulating the status of nongenomic signaling by using molecular mechanisms that remain poorly und ... | 2006 | 16352611 |
| polymorphism of the growth hormone gene of red deer (cervus elaphus). | in mammals, pituitary growth hormone (gh) is usually encoded by a single gene, but in some caprine ruminants there are two gh genes, and higher primates have a cluster of at least 5 gh-like genes. we have previously shown that in several artiodactyls (chevrotain, giraffe, and hippopotamus) there are two gh gene sequences, differing by 5-21 nucleotides (nt), but whether these arise from two distinct gene loci is unclear. we report here that in the red deer (cervus elaphus) also there are two main ... | 2006 | 16356499 |
| compensatory extension of gestation length with advance of conception in red deer (cervus elaphus). | calving date in many mammals is matched to the time of greatest food availability. out of season calving results in heavy penalties in terms of own and offspring survival or body condition. this study examined whether gestation length is affected by advancing fertilisation. thirty-six red deer hinds (of the iberian and scottish subspecies) were subjected to a synchronisation treatment of oestrus, ovulation, and artificial insemination on three dates, with remaining non-pregnant females mated wit ... | 2006 | 16358278 |
| factors influencing farmers' concerns regarding bovine tuberculosis in wildlife and livestock around riding mountain national park. | despite intensive efforts over the last century to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (tb) in north america, several hotspots of infected wildlife and livestock remain, raising concerns that the disease will never be eradicated. the stress and frustration for a farmer caused by having a herd test positive for tb or living in an infected region can be substantial. the goal of this study was to investigate the concerns of farmers around riding mountain national park (rmnp) regarding the presence of tb ... | 2006 | 16359775 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from spain. | serum samples from 441 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of spain were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii (mat 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other spani ... | 2006 | 16359801 |
| identification of inhibitors of the kinase activity of oncogenic v600e braf in an enzyme cascade high-throughput screen. | the cancer genome project has identified several oncogenic mutations in braf that represent important opportunities for cancer drug discovery. the v600e braf mutation accounts for approximately 90% of the mutations identified. a strong case has emerged from molecular, cellular, and structural studies for the identification and development of inhibitors of this mutated braf protein. the authors have developed and run a high-throughput screen to find inhibitors of v600e braf using an enzyme cascad ... | 2006 | 16361694 |
| the p38 transduction pathway in prostatic neoplasia. | it has been proposed that, among other cellular responses, tnf-alpha induces not only cell death, but also cell proliferation by activation of p38. it has also been reported that il-1-alpha favours cell proliferation by p38 activation. the aim of the present study was to evaluate upstream (alpha-pak, mek-6) and downstream (elk-1 and atf-2) components of the p38 transduction pathway in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), and prostate carcinoma (pc). immunohistochemical and wester ... | 2006 | 16369914 |
| inhibition of protease-resistant prion protein formation in a transformed deer cell line infected with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of north american cervids, i.e., mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk (wapiti). to facilitate in vitro studies of cwd, we have developed a transformed deer cell line that is persistently infected with cwd. primary cultures derived from uninfected mule deer brain tissue were transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 genome. a transformed cell line (mdb) was exposed ... | 2006 | 16378962 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. sera from 556 animals, from 13 czech and slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: eurasian wolf (canis lupus lupus), maned ... | 2006 | 16387445 |
| merlin inhibits growth hormone-regulated raf-erks pathways by binding to grb2 protein. | numerous studies have suggested that the nf2 protein merlin is involved in the regulation of abnormal cell growth and proliferation. in this study, to better understand the merlin's mechanisms that contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis, we examined the potential action of merlin on the cell proliferative signaling pathways in response to growth hormone (gh). merlin effectively attenuated the gh-induced serum response element (sre) and elk-1-mediated transcriptional activation, as well as ... | 2006 | 16405865 |
| effect of advancing births on testosterone until 2.5 years of age and puberty in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | this study aimed to determine the age of attainment of puberty, as well as the pattern of reproductive seasonality in males of iberian red deer and the relationship of these factors with antler development. a second aim was to examine the effect of the advance of births on the variables mentioned. fourteen males of iberian deer were used, five of them born 2.5 months before the others (early group). male deer were blood sampled from birth until 2.5 years of age to assess the time course of plasm ... | 2006 | 16406397 |
| ndrg4 enhances ngf-induced erk activation uncoupled with elk-1 activation. | ndrg4 is expressed predominantly in the early postnatal rat brain and may be related to neural cell differentiation. pc12 cell lines stably expressing increased levels of ndrg4 protein display enhanced ngf-induced phosphorylation of mek and erk. in contrast, the ndrg4-c2-overexpressed pc12 cell lines showed attenuated ngf-promoted phosphorylation of elk-1, which is a nuclear target of erk. a reporter assay also indicated that ndrg4-c2 suppresses elk-1-mediated transcriptional activation and sre ... | 2006 | 16408304 |
| potential vertebrate reservoir hosts and invertebrate vectors of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in central spain. | organisms in the genus anaplasma are obligate intracellular pathogens that multiply in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. the type species, a. marginale, causes bovine anaplasmosis and only infects ticks and ruminants. a. phagocytophilum causes human and animal granulocytic anaplasmosis, and genetically closely related strains show a wide host range, including ticks, ruminants, rodents, equids, canids, birds, and humans. recent reports demonstrated that a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum c ... | 2005 | 16417435 |
| a retrospective study of the causes of morbidity and mortality in farmed elk (cervus elaphus). | a survey of north american farmed elk (cervus elaphus) producers was performed to determine the causes of sickness and mortality in farmed elk and to estimate mortality rates. records over a 10-year period from 8 north american veterinary diagnostic pathology laboratories were also examined and summarized. the primary diagnosis for each record was used to classify diseases into categories such as parasitic, infectious, toxicological, and neoplastic. nonspecific trauma was the most frequently rep ... | 2005 | 16422063 |
| suspected clostridium difficile-associated hemorrhagic diarrhea in a 1-week-old elk calf. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea was suspected in a 1-week-old elk (cervus elaphus) calf. the isolation of a toxigenic strain of c. difficile from a diarrheic fecal sample, along with exclusion of other enteropathogens, formed the basis of this presumptive diagnosis. further study is indicated to evaluate the role of c. difficile in neonatal diarrhea in elk. | 2005 | 16422066 |
| seasonal and lactational changes in mineral composition of milk from iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | milk minerals are important for calf growth, and they have other roles as well, such as immune regulation. this 2-yr study examined content of ca, p, mg, na, k, fe, and zn in milk of 54 iberian red deer hinds through 18 wk of lactation. mean mineral composition of fresh milk was ash = 1.168 +/- 0.007%, ca = 2,330 +/- 20 mg/kg, p = 640 +/- 10 mg/kg, k = 1,100 +/- 10 mg/kg, na = 385 +/- 3 mg/kg, mg = 138 +/- 1 mg/kg, zn = 12.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, and fe = 0.65 +/- 0.03 mg/kg. all minerals except mg var ... | 2006 | 16428628 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| prions in skeletal muscles of deer with chronic wasting disease. | the emergence of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk in an increasingly wide geographic area, as well as the interspecies transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans in the form of variant creutzfeldt jakob disease, have raised concerns about the zoonotic potential of cwd. because meat consumption is the most likely means of exposure, it is important to determine whether skeletal muscle of diseased cervids contains prion infectivity. here bioassays in transgenic mice exp ... | 2006 | 16439622 |
| osteocyte lacuna population densities in sheep, elk and horse calcanei. | osteocytes, the most prevalent cell type in bone, appear to communicate via gap junctions. in limb-bone diaphyses, it has been hypothesized that these cellular networks have the capacity to monitor habitual strains, which can differ significantly between cortical locations of the same bone. regional differences in microdamage associated with prevalent/predominant strain mode (tension, compression, or shear) and/or magnitude may represent an important "variable" detected by this network. this hyp ... | 2005 | 16439816 |
| roles of map kinases in the regulation of bone matrix gene expressions in human osteoblasts by oscillatory fluid flow. | we investigated the effects of oscillatory flow in regulating the gene expressions of type i collagen (col1, the main component of human bone tissues) and osteopontin (opn, the key gene for calcium deposition) in human osteoblast-like (mg-63) cells, and the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) in this regulation. the cells were subjected to oscillatory flow (0.5 +/- 4 dyn/cm(2)) or kept under static condition for various time periods (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 16 h). ... | 2006 | 16440309 |
| endotoxin-induced down-regulation of elk-3 facilitates heme oxygenase-1 induction in macrophages. | heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that is acutely induced by inflammatory stimuli, and the products of ho-1-mediated heme degradation have anti-inflammatory properties. in many different pathophysiologic states, the up-regulation of ho-1 has been shown to be beneficial in combating the detrimental consequences of increased inflammation. ets transcription factors are known to be important mediators of inflammatory responses, and the ternary complex factor subfamily of ets protein ... | 2006 | 16456000 |
| new ruminant hosts and wider geographic range identified for babesia odocoilei (emerson and wright 1970). | babesia odocoilei was found to infect two previously unknown host species, desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and musk oxen (ovibos moschatus), both of which are members of the family bovidae. previously, b. odocoilei has been reported in only cervidae hosts. new geographic regions where b. odocoilei infections have not been reported previously include pennsylvania and new york, where fatal babesiosis has occurred in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus); new hampshire, where elk (ce ... | 2005 | 16456156 |
| evaluation of remotely delivered leuprolide acetate as a contraceptive agent in female elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | practical application of fertility control technology in free-ranging wild ungulates often requires remote delivery of the contraceptive agent. the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of remote delivery of leuprolide acetate for suppressing fertility in female elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). fifteen captive adult female elk were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups. six elk were injected intramuscularly with a dart containing leuprolide, and the remainin ... | 2005 | 16456165 |
| herpesvirus infection in woodland caribou in alberta, canada. | sera and genital swabs collected from 121 adult woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in five subpopulations in northern alberta, canada, between december 1997 and october 1999, were examined for evidence of infection with herpesviruses or pestiviruses. no virus was isolated from sera or swabs, and no antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus were detected. however, 63 (52%) of the 121 animals had neutralizing antibody titers against bovine herpesvirus 1. there was sufficient serum f ... | 2005 | 16456173 |
| rin1 regulates insulin receptor signal transduction pathways. | rin1 is a multifunctional protein containing several domains, including ras binding and rab5 gef domains. the role of rin1 in insulin receptor internalization and signaling was examined by expressing rin1 and deletion mutants in cells utilizing a retrovirus system. here, we show that insulin-receptor-mediated endocystosis and fluid phase insulin-stimulated endocytosis are enhanced in cells expressing the rin1:wild type and the rin1:c deletion mutant, which contain both the rab5-gef and gtp-bound ... | 2006 | 16457816 |
| serum response factor, its cofactors, and epithelial-mesenchymal signaling in urinary bladder smooth muscle formation. | little is known about the mechanism of bladder smooth muscle differentiation. we hypothesize that epithelial-mesenchymal signaling induces the expression of smooth muscle proteins in bladder mesenchyme resulting in smooth muscle differentiation. we confirmed that smooth muscle differentiation in the mouse urinary bladder occurs first at gestational day 14 (e14) based upon immunohistochemical localization of smooth muscle alpha-actin (smaa). to investigate murine bladder smooth muscle differentia ... | 2006 | 16466398 |
| amyloid formation by recombinant full-length prion proteins in phospholipid bicelle solutions. | a soluble, oligomeric beta-sheet-rich conformational variant of recombinant full-length prion protein, prp beta, was generated that aggregates into amyloid fibrils, prp betaf. these fibrils have physico-chemical and structural properties closely similar to those of pathogenic prp sc in scrapie-associated fibrils and prion rods, including a closely similar proteinase k digestion pattern and congo red birefringence. the conformational transition from prp c to prp beta occurs at ph 5.0 in bicellar ... | 2006 | 16466741 |
| p38 map kinase mediates transforming growth factor-beta2 transcription in human keloid fibroblasts. | keloids are abnormal fibrous growths of the dermis that develop only in response to wounding and represent a form of benign skin tumor. previous studies have shown increased protein levels of tgf-beta in keloid tissue, suggesting a strong association with keloid formation leading us to examine mechanisms for why it is more highly expressed in keloids. here, we use serum stimulation as an in vitro model to mimic a component of the wound microenvironment and examine differential gene expression in ... | 2006 | 16467496 |
| pim-1 kinase inhibits the activation of reporter gene expression in elk-1 and c-fos reporting systems but not the endogenous gene expression: an artifact of the reporter gene assay by transient co-transfection. | we have studied the molecular mechanism and signal transduction of pim-1, an oncogene encoding a serine-threonine kinase. this is a true oncogene which prolongs survival and inhibits apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. in order to determine whether the effects of pim-1 occur by regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, we used a transcriptional reporter assay by transient co-transfection as a screening method. in this study, we found that pim-1 inhibited the elk-1 and nfkappab tr ... | 2006 | 16470303 |
| ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. | herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. these viruses share com ... | 2006 | 16472518 |
| pcr-rflp authentication of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). | pcr-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). pcr amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 712 base pairs from the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. restriction site analysis based on sequence data from this dna fragment permitted the selection of msei, mboii, bsli, and ap ... | 2006 | 16478229 |
| apc inhibits erk pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by ras. | inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (apc), and activating mutations in ras, occur in a majority of colorectal carcinomas. however, the relationship between these changes and tumorigenesis is poorly understood. ras-induced activation of the erk pathway was reduced by overexpressing apc in dld-1 colorectal cancer cells. erk activity was increased by cre-virus-induced apc knockout in primary apc(flox/flox) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that apc inhibits erk activ ... | 2006 | 16478791 |
| the bash/blnk/slp-65-associated protein bnas1 regulates antigen-receptor signal transmission in b cells. | bash/blnk/slp-65 is an adaptor protein necessary for the b cell receptor (bcr) signal transduction. here we report the identification through the yeast two-hybrid system of a novel 26-kda protein, bash n-terminus-associated protein 1 (bnas1), which interacts with the conserved and functionally important n-terminal domain of bash/blnk/slp-65. bnas1 presumably contains four transmembrane domains and the leucine zipper (lz) motif, and is expressed ubiquitously. the association of bnas1 with bash/bl ... | 2006 | 16481341 |
| a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-regulated akt-independent signaling promotes cigarette smoke-induced fra-1 expression. | the fra-1 proto-oncogene is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and is known to up-regulate the expression of genes involved in tumor progression and invasion. the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)-akt pathway is also known to regulate these cellular processes. more importantly, respiratory toxicants and carcinogens activate both the pi3k-akt pathway and fra-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial (hbe) cells. in this study we investigated a potential link between the pi3k-akt pathw ... | 2006 | 16490785 |
| cholecystokinin 1 receptor modulates the mekk1-induced c-jun trans-activation: structural requirements of the receptor. | in cells overexpressing active mekk1 to enhance c-jun trans-activation, expression of rat cholecystokinin 1 receptor increased the activity of c-jun while in the same experimental conditions overexpression of mouse cholecystokinin 1 receptor repressed it. this differential trans-activation is specific, since it was not observed for either the other overexpressed kinases (mek, pka) or for other transcription factors (atf2, elk-1, creb). this differential behaviour was also detected in a human col ... | 2006 | 16491099 |
| surveillance for prion disease in cervids, germany. | an active survey on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was performed from 2002 to 2005 on 4,255 roe deer, 1,445 red deer, and 1,604 fallow deer in germany. all cervids tested negative. this survey has been the largest in european wildlife and provides no evidence of prion diseases in free-living german cervids. | 2006 | 16494763 |
| cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of ruminant species in animal feed. | a cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of material derived from several ruminant species (cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer) in animal feeds has been developed. primers targeting conserved mitochondrial dna sequences amplified ruminant dna in a universal pcr, and the digoxigenin-labeled amplicons were hybridized with an array of species-specific oligonucleotide capture probes on a polyester cloth support. the hybridized amplicons were detected on the cloth ... | 2006 | 16496594 |
| ataxin 10 induces neuritogenesis via interaction with g-protein beta2 subunit. | spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (sca10) is a dominantly inherited disorder caused by an intronic attct pentanucleotide repeat expansion. the atxn10 gene encodes a novel protein, ataxin 10, known previously as e46l, which is widely expressed in the brain. ataxin 10 deficiency has been shown recently to cause increased apoptosis in primary cerebellar cultures, thus implicated in sca10 pathogenesis. the biologic functions of ataxin 10 remain largely unknown. by using yeast-two-hybrid screening of a ... | 2006 | 16498633 |
| transcriptional dysregulation in down syndrome: predictions for altered protein complex stoichiometries and post-translational modifications, and consequences for learning/behavior genes elk, creb, and the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. | the phenotype of down syndrome, trisomy of chromosome 21, is hypothesized to be produced by the increased expression due to gene dosage of normal chromosome 21 genes. chromosome 21 encodes a number of proteins that, based on experimental evidence or domain composition, are classed as transcription factors or their co-regulators. other chromosome 21 proteins contribute to post-translational modification of transcription factors, including their phosphorylation, dephosphorylation and sumoylation. ... | 2006 | 16502135 |
| up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate is mediated by the transcription factors ets-like protein-1 (elk-1) and egr-1. | tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene is regulated at the transcriptional level by extracellular signalling molecules, including epidermal growth factor (egf), nerve growth factor (ngf) and glucocorticoids. we have analysed the stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) in noradrenergic locus coeruleus-like cath.a cells and obse ... | 2006 | 16515541 |
| using dna microarrays to identify library-independent markers for bacterial source tracking. | bacterial source tracking is used to apportion fecal pollution among putative sources. within this context, library-independent markers are genetic or phenotypic traits that can be used to identify the host origin without a need for library-dependent classification functions. the objective of this project was to use mixed-genome enterococcus microarrays to identify library-independent markers. separate shotgun libraries were prepared for five host groups (cow, dog, elk/deer, human, and waterfowl ... | 2006 | 16517630 |
| effects of egg yolk and cooling rate on the survival of refrigerated red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal spermatozoa. | egg yolk is a common component to sperm refrigeration for most of the deer species, the role of which is to protect sperm membranes against cold shock. in addition, there have been many studies of conservation of ejaculated semen from stags, but few have been reported for epididymal spermatozoa. this work was designed to investigate the combined effects of cooling rates (slow: 0.23 degrees c/min vs rapid: 4.2 degrees c/min) from room temperature to 5 degrees c, and egg-yolk concentration (0, 5 o ... | 2006 | 16519715 |
| nore1b regulates tcr signaling via ras and carma1. | nore1a was originally identified as a potential ras effector, and nore1b is an alternatively spliced isoform. both share a ras/rap association domain (ra domain) but only nore1a contains sequence motifs that predict sh3 domain binding and diacylglycerol/phorbol ester binding in the amino-terminal region. here we report that carma1 binds to nore1a and nore1b through the ra domain and that carma1 interacts with active ras in the presence of nore1b. rna interference against nore1b attenuates nf-kap ... | 2006 | 16520020 |
| evidence for an increased geographical distribution of dermacentor reticulatus in germany and detection of rickettsia sp. rpa4. | two studies were performed to elucidate the current distribution of the tick dermacentor reticulatus in germany. in the first one in 2003, a total of 365 dogs from 171 sites in the states of berlin and brandenburg was screened for ticks, and the corresponding outdoor sites that the dogs usually visited were searched for host-seeking ticks by the flagging method. a total of 1155 ticks was removed from the dogs. the majority were ixodes ricinus (88.5%), followed by d. reticulatus (9.1%) and i. hex ... | 2006 | 16524777 |
| intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in farmed red deer. | to determine whether intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) occurs in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. | 2006 | 16528389 |
| c-src couples pi 3 kinase/akt and mapk signaling to pdgf-induced dna synthesis in mesangial cells. | platelet-derived growth factor bb (pdgf) and pdgf receptor-beta (pdgfr) play critical roles in mesangial cell proliferation during embryonic development and in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. we have shown previously that phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3 kinase/akt and erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) contribute to pdgf-dependent proliferation of mesangial cells, but the mechanism by which these two enzyme cascades are activated by pdgfr signaling is not precisely known. we ex ... | 2006 | 16530387 |
| an estimation of reproductive performance of farmed elk (cervus elaphus) in north america. | north american farmed elk (cervus elaphus) producers were surveyed to determine period specific rates of calving, abortion, and dystocia, and to examine the effect of reproduction-related mortality on the productivity of farmed elk. the overall calving rate was 86.3% and the calving rate for adult cows was found to be significantly higher than that for heifers. abortions were seen on 7.6% of farms and the overall abortion rate was approximately 0.6%. dystocia was experienced in 5.9% of births. n ... | 2006 | 16536230 |
| serum response factor mads box serine-162 phosphorylation switches proliferation and myogenic gene programs. | phosphorylation of a cluster of amino acids in the serum response factor (srf) "mads box" alphai coil dna binding domain regulated the transcription of genes associated with proliferation or terminal muscle differentiation. mimicking phosphorylation of serine-162, a target of protein kinase c-alpha, with an aspartic acid substitution (srf-s162d) completely inhibited srf-dna binding and blocked alpha-actin gene transcription even in the presence of potent myogenic cofactors, while preserving c-fo ... | 2006 | 16537394 |
| induction of apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma by reactive oxygen species: involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38delta/gamma, cyclooxygenase-2 down-regulation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. | renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is the most common malignancy of the kidney. unfortunately, rccs are highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and even immunotherapy. thus, novel therapeutic targets need to be sought for the successful treatment of rccs. we now report that 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (ly83583), an inhibitor of cyclic gmp production, induced growth arrest and apoptosis of the rcc cell line 786-0. it did not prove deleterious to normal renal epithelial cells ... | 2006 | 16543392 |
| elk-1 associates with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex in neurons. | the nuclear transcription factor e-26-like protein 1 (elk-1) is thought to impact neuronal differentiation [sharrocks, a. d. (2001) nat. rev. mol. cell biol. 2, 827-837], cell proliferation [sharrocks, a. d. (2002) biochem. soc. trans. 30, 1-9], tumorigenesis [chai, y. l., chipitsyna, g., cui, j., liao, b., liu, s., aysola, k., yezdani, m., reddy, e. s. p. & rao, v. n. (2001) oncogene 20, 1357-1367], and apoptosis [shao, n., chai, y., cui, j., wang, n., aysola, k., reddy, e. s. p. & rao, v. n. ( ... | 2006 | 16549787 |
| effect of s5p alpha-helix charge mutants on inactivation of herg k+ channels. | the ether-à-go-go (eag) family of voltage-gated k(+) channels contains three subfamilies, eag, ether-à-go-go related (erg) and ether-à-go-go like (elk). the human ether-à-go-go related gene (herg) k(+) channel has been of significant interest because loss of function in the herg channel is associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. the herg channel has unusual kinetics with slow activation and deactivation but very rapid and voltage-dependent inactivation. the outer pore r ... | 2006 | 16556651 |
| preliminary observations of genetic susceptibility of elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) to chronic wasting disease by experimental oral inoculation. | to compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the prnp gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (cwd), eight 8-month-old elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132mm, 2 132lm, and 4 132ll) were orally dosed with cwd-infected brain material from elk. during postinoculation (pi) month 23, both 132mm elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, and were euth ... | 2006 | 16566268 |
| interplay of the sumo and map kinase pathways. | the sumo modification pathway has been linked with controlling the activity of numerous transcriptional regulatory proteins. in the majority of substrates studied so far, sumoylation imparts repressive properties. in several cases, part of this mechanism has been shown to be due to sumo-dependent recruitment of histone deacetylases (hdacs). this is exemplified by the transcription factor elk-1, where hdac-2 is specifically recruited in response to sumoylation. importantly, activation of the erk ... | 2006 | 16568956 |
| determination of usnic acid in lichen toxic to elk by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and tandem mass spectrometry detection. | usnic acid is unambiguously confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) in tumbleweed shield lichen, xanthoparmelia chlorochroa. the lichen contains 2% usnic acid by liquid chromatography with uv quantification at 282 nm. the uv linear range for usnic acid quantification is from its 4 ng limit of detection to 2 microg injected. uv signal saturation is recognized by distortion of the usnic acid uv spectrum. positive ion electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry offers no similar means to recognize ... | 2006 | 16569032 |
| regulation of erk1/2 activity by ghrelin-activated growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a involves a plc/pkcvarepsilon pathway. | 1. the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (ghsr-1a) is a g-protein coupled receptor, involved in the biological actions of ghrelin by triggering inositol phosphates and calcium intracellular second messengers. it has also been reported that ghrelin could activate the 44- and 42-kda extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (erk1/2) in different cell lines, but it is not clear whether this regulation is ghsr-1a dependent or not. 2. to provide direct evidence for the coupling of ghsr-1a ... | 2006 | 16582936 |