| short-term oral cinchona alkaloids regimens for treatment of falciparum malaria in madagascar. | | 1990 | 2189247 |
| proguanil-sulphonamide for malaria prophylaxis. | there are few safe, effective chemoprophylactic regimens for preventing plasmodium falciparum infection in south-east asia. in two randomized placebo-controlled trials, combinations of proguanil and sulphonamide were tested for chemoprophylactic activity in schoolchildren, aged 6-15 years, living near the thai-burmese border. proguanil at an equivalent adult dose of 200 mg/d was combined with sulphafurazole (= sulfisoxazole) at 25 mg/kg/d or sulphamethoxazole at 25 and 10 mg/kg/d. combinations o ... | 1990 | 2189248 |
| unrestricted growth of plasmodium falciparum in microcytic erythrocytes in iron deficiency and thalassaemia. | the mechanism(s) underlying the apparent resistance to malaria in certain inherited red cell disorders and iron deficiency anaemia remain poorly understood. the possibility that microcytic erythrocytes might inhibit parasite development, by physical restriction or reduced supply of nutrients, has been considered for many years, and never formally investigated. we sought to determine whether in vitro growth studies of p. falciparum could provide evidence to suggest that small red cell size contri ... | 1990 | 2189491 |
| falciparum malaria resistant to quinine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine successfully treated with mefloquine. | | 1990 | 2189516 |
| sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in nigerian children. | the in vivo sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was evaluated in children under 5 years of age in two areas of southern nigeria in 1987. a modification of the who standard field and extended tests (in vivo) was used, with follow-up on days, 2, 3, 7, and 14 after treatment with 25 mg chloroquine per kg body weight given over 3 days, or with standard doses of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. clinical and parasitological evaluations were performed. at igbo or ... | 1990 | 2189585 |
| mefloquine therapy for plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under 5 years of age in malawi: in vivo/in vitro efficacy and correlation of drug concentration with parasitological outcome. | the in vivo and in vitro response of plasmodium falciparum to a single oral dose of mefloquine (25 mg/kg body weight (m25) or 15 mg/kg (m15] was studied in children under 5 years of age in malawi. of the children who received mefloquine, 35% vomited at least once, and 10% did not tolerate the drug because of vomiting. the therapy failure rates for the m25 group on day 7, 14, and 28 were 15%, 18%, and 42%, respectively, and these did not differ significantly from those for the m15 group (4%, 18%, ... | 1990 | 2189586 |
| a comparison of the antimalarial activity of the cinchona alkaloids against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | the effects of four major cinchona alkaloids: (-) quinine, (+) quinidine, (-)cinchonidine, and (+)cinchonine against plasmodium falciparum fcq-27/png were studied. the alkaloids were tested in vitro as either single alkaloids, racemic mixtures of stereoisomers, or as an equimolar combination of all four alkaloids. results indicate (+)quinidine to be most effective and both (+)stereoisomers were more potent than the (-)stereoisomers. inhibitory concentrations 50% (ki) of racemic mixtures of stere ... | 1990 | 2190002 |
| working with african nations to improve the health of their children. combatting childhood communicable diseases. | | 1990 | 2190010 |
| plasmodium falciparum aldolase: gene structure and localization. | a genomic clone was isolated which codes for the fructose bisphosphate aldolase of plasmodium falciparum. the aldolase gene is interrupted by one intron which divides the coding region into two exons. the first one codes for one amino acid only, the initiation methionine, while the second one encodes the residual 368 amino acids of the protein. the gene, which is represented only once in the genome, is transcribed at high rates as a 2.4-kb mrna in the p. falciparum blood stage. the aldolase gene ... | 1990 | 2190085 |
| [epidemiology of congenital malaria in the urban milieu of kinshasa (zaire)]. | thick blood films for detection of hematozoa were routinely performed in 953 neonates and their mothers within 12 hours of delivery. hematozoa were found in 4% of neonates and 13% of mothers. positive tests were found in 19 neonates born to mothers with negative tests. mean birth weight was 3,166 g in infected neonates and 3,171 g in uninfected neonates, suggesting that congenital malaria has no effect on birth weight. | 1990 | 2190523 |
| rapid colorimetric detection of in vitro amplified dna sequences. | a colorimetric assay to detect immobilized amplified nucleic acids has been designed. this approach provides a rapid assay, suitable for clinical diagnosis, to analyze dna sequences amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. the specific dna sequences are captured on a solid support by the use of a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the escherichia coli lac repressor and staphylococcal protein a. the biotin streptavidin system is used to detect the immobilized material. positive samples c ... | 1990 | 2190592 |
| [current strategies for the prevention of malaria]. | two billion of persons live in regions where endemic malaria prevails or has reappeared. an estimated on hundred million infected individuals per year have been reported around the world. in front of this alarming situation, the diversity and even the incoherence of the currently proposed prophylactic regimens confuses the therapists and renders difficult the adoption of an efficacious strategy. the extension and gravity of drug resistance of p. falciparum and the withdrawal of anti-vectorial ca ... | 1990 | 2190670 |
| [cross resistance to mefloquine and halofantrine in a case of p. falciparum malaria contracted in sierra leone]. | malaria caused by p. falciparum occurred during prophylaxis with mefloquine upon return from sierra leone (zone ii). a typical and not recognized, with negative results of initial hematological examinations. diagnosed on d.26 with parasitemia of 0.2%. successful treatment of clinical symptoms with halofantrine but increased anemia and positive parasitemia at d.7. successful treatment with chloroquine. chemosensitivity tests confirmed sensitivity to chloroquine, threshold sensitivity to quinine ( ... | 1990 | 2190703 |
| [uncomplicated attack of malaria in an area with high resistance to chloroquine. i. evaluation of a short treatment with quinine]. | the good results achieved in the treatment of malaria with a 7 and 5 days one of quinine (orally dose 8 mg/kg/8 h), incited the authors to try a 3 days long treatment at the same dose. they experimented this protocol on hospitalised children. all patients were free of parasites at day 7 with an average residual concentration quinine of 2.7 +/- 0.8 mg/l. among the 7 patients with malaria at day 14, 4 didn't require another treatment and 2 presented new infestation. 50% of plasmodial isolated stra ... | 1990 | 2190704 |
| [uncomplicated malaria attack in an area with high chloroquine resistance. 2. evaluation of first-choice therapeutic scheme]. | the authors evaluate the comparative efficiency of chloroquine and amodiaquine (35 mg/kg during 3 days) for uncomplicated malaria treatment in an area with high chemoresistance level. 236 patients with malaria were examined and treated. 38% of them previously used antimalarials. the increase dosage in comparison with the who recommendations (25 mg/kg), lead to no advantages for chloroquine treatment (50% failure), in contrast with amodiaquine (4% failure). therefore amodiaquine might be preferre ... | 1990 | 2190705 |
| [uncomplicated malaria attack in an area with high resistance to chloroquine. 3. the use of second-choice oral drug treatment]. | this study appreciated the efficiency of uncomplicated malaria second line treatment (p. falciparum) in an area with high level of chemoresistance. no therapeutic failure was found with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (fansidar), and mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (fansimef), in contrast with a rate of 8% with quinine. the authors discuss the place of these therapeutic, in the treatment of malaria. | 1990 | 2190706 |
| ultrastructural features of host-parasite interactions in "in vitro" cultures of plasmodium falciparum. | we carried out an electron-microscopy study on in vitro cultures of plasmodium falciparum, whose general ultrastructural features are consistent with previous reports. in addition, whorled membrane-vesicles systems involving parasite and host-cells, never described to our knowledge up to now. as far as the parasite is concerned, these membraneous systems appear to be related to its growth and its connection with the external medium, with the possible involvement of maurer's clefts. as for the er ... | 1990 | 2191194 |
| [malaria morbidity among the nonimmune foreigners in the city of maputo and the problem of chemoprophylaxis]. | in a colony with nonimmune foreigners in maputo city (mozambique people's republic) active detection and treatment of patients suffering from malaria has been carried out for 1.5 years. it was shown that even in a city with some hyper- and mesoendemic regions where less than 10% of colony members were treated with chemoprophylaxis, yearly morbidity among them did not surpass 20-30 cases per 1000 population. such index is considered to be admissible risk for health if adequate diagnosis and treat ... | 1990 | 2191202 |
| [the centenary of the discovery of the causative agent of tropical malaria]. | | 1990 | 2191205 |
| exchange transfusion for severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy. | | 1990 | 2191735 |
| cyclic amp- and ca2(+)-dependent protein kinases in plasmodium falciparum. | the cyclic amp- and ca2(+)-dependent protein kinase activities of plasmodium falciparum were partially characterized after purification of parasites from host erythrocytes by n2 cavitation and percoll gradient centrifugation. proteins of molecular weights 80, 54, 51, and 31.5 kda were phosphorylated in a camp-dependent manner in cytosolic extracts of isolated p. falciparum. cytosolic extracts also contained camp-dependent histone ii-a kinase activity with an average vmax of 131.1 pmol/32p/min/mg ... | 1990 | 2191871 |
| t lymphocytes bearing the gamma delta t cell receptor in patients with acute plasmodium falciparum malaria. | | 1990 | 2192010 |
| in vitro antimalarial activity of coutarea latiflora and exostema caribaeum extracts on plasmodium falciparum. | the medicinal plants, coutarea latiflora sesse & moc. ex. dc. (hintonia latiflora bullock) (rubiaceae) and exostema caribaeum (jacq.) roem. et schult. (rubiaceae) were examined for antimalarial properties. among different crude solvent extracts of the stem bark, the hydrolysed ethyl acetate extracts were shown to have the most potent in vitro antimalarial activity. one compound isolated from the ether extract from exostema caribaeum showed only moderate activity. | 1990 | 2192380 |
| pulmonary edema in falciparum malaria. slaying the dragon of volume overload. | | 1990 | 2193775 |
| [look systematically for malaria in exposed children]. | | 1990 | 2194079 |
| falciparum malaria parasitized erythrocytes bind to a carboxy-terminal thrombospondin fragment and not the amino-terminal heparin-binding region. | we investigated plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocyte binding to proteolytic fragments of thrombospondin and the effects of anti-thrombospondin monoclonal antibodies on this binding. purified human platelet thrombospondin was cleaved by trypsin, chymotrypsin or thrombin. fragments were separated by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography, removing the amino-terminal heparin-binding region. trypsin at 5.0 micrograms ml-1 of thrombospondin cleaved thrombospondin to reduced 140 and 120 kda ... | 1990 | 2194122 |
| water and urea transport in human erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | the permeability properties of the human red cell membrane to various solutes are altered by malarial infection. in the present work we show that the permeability of the red cell membrane to water is also affected by the intraerythrocytic growth of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, whereas urea permeability appears unchanged. the data from infected cells show decreases in membrane surface area, cell volume, the osmotically active water fraction (weff), and osmotic water permeability (p ... | 1990 | 2194124 |
| characterization of the 175-kilodalton erythrocyte binding antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | eba-175 is a soluble 175-kda plasmodium falciparum antigen that is released into culture supernatants during rupture of schizont-infected erythrocytes. eba-175 binds to erythrocytes and binding is sialic acid-dependent. a clone expressing the gene encoding eba-175 was obtained previously by screening a genomic dna expression library with antibodies that had been affinity-purified from eba-175. antibodies were raised against a 43-amino-acid peptide (eba-peptide 4) synthesized according to the ded ... | 1990 | 2194125 |
| the prevalence of naturally acquired multiple infections of wuchereria bancrofti and human malarias in anophelines. | malaria and filaria infection rates were determined for anopheline mosquitoes collected whilst biting and resting in village houses in papua new guinea. the number of anophelines infected with both parasites was greater than expected from the infection rates of each parasite and this difference was significant in resting collections. the excess of multiply infected mosquitoes is probably a result of a vector population composed of individuals with differing numbers of opportunities to become inf ... | 1990 | 2194153 |
| the use of biotin-labelled, synthetic dna oligomers for the detection and identification of plasmodium falciparum. | an oligonucleotide mixture based on the 21 base pair repeat sequence of plasmodium falciparum was covalently coupled to biotin and used as a probe to detect p. falciparum dna. the limit of detection was 10 ng. this method was further developed as a fingerprint assay for parasite strain typing. after restriction enzyme digestion, blotting and hybridization, distinct banding patterns were obtained for the strains tested and these were reproducible. in addition, discrete differences were found betw ... | 1990 | 2194154 |
| [cerebral infarction in pernicious malaria. diagnostic value of computed tomography]. | case report of a severe form of neuropaludism, contracted in a territory with plasmodium falciparum completely insensitive to chloroquine. cat scan views displayed a small brain infarction. complete recovery was obtained with a treatment including quinine, tracheal intubation and ventilatory support, sedation with barbiturates. cat scan views demonstrated a complete regression of cerebral lesions. | 1990 | 2194409 |
| rotational dynamics of the integral membrane protein, band 3, as a probe of the membrane events associated with plasmodium falciparum infections of human erythrocytes. | time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy was used to study the molecular organisation of band 3 in the erythrocyte membrane. three different rotational relaxation regimes of mobile band 3 were resolved. these populations may represent different aggregation states of band 3 within the membrane, or they may result from association of band 3 with other proteins at the cytoplasmic surface. the polycation spermine decreases the apparent mobility of band 3 by a mechanism that does not involve the unde ... | 1990 | 2194565 |
| newly transmitted plasmodium falciparum malaria in the central highland plateaux of madagascar: assessment of clinical impact in a rural community. | plasmodium falciparum has recently reappeared in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. to define its role in the overall malaria pathology occurring during the rainy season, we conducted a clinical and parasitological study among the 2776 consultants of a malaria field health centre which we established in the middle of the transmission area. from january to june 1988 the overall parasite rate was 63.2% and did not vary with age; the overall splenic rate was 46.9%, decreasing in individua ... | 1990 | 2194688 |
| [difficulties in the prevention of malaria in spain continue]. | | 1990 | 2195254 |
| [treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria in africa (except cerebral malaria)]. | chloroquine is currently the drug of choice for treatment of acute attacks of plasmodium falciparum malaria in chloroquine-sensitive areas. in areas of low level resistance, this drug may still be used (25 mg/kg of body weight in three days) in semi-immune patients. in case of failure, or in areas of high level resistance, quinine (25 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days) or, in spite of increasing resistance, fansidar should be prescribed. mefloquine, fansimef and halofantrine ought to be strictly prescri ... | 1990 | 2195275 |
| [evaluation of the efficacy of amino 4-quinolones in a chemoresistant zone. proposals for new therapeutic schemes]. | the authors compare the respective therapeutic efficiency of chloroquine and amodiaquine in the treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria fever in urban dispensaries. chloroquine has a constant rate of efficiency, whatever dosage and duration of treatment be and should be saved for home presumptive treatment of malaria fever. amodiaquine at a dose of 35 mg/kg in 3 days leads to a noticeable clinical success (96.5 p.c.). it should be selected as drug of first to treat any malaria fever case biol ... | 1990 | 2195276 |
| [plasmodium falciparum chemoresistance. the situation in africa in 1989]. | between 1978 and 1989, some plasmodium falciparum chloroquino-resistant (c.q.r.) strains have been imported in all intertropical african countries. evidence of sudden occurrence of c.q.r. foci was obtained by some prophylactic or therapeutic failures, and culture of strains from non-immune travellers back in europe or u.s.a., then by carrying out some field surveys. c.q.r. heterogeneity is the rule in africa, efficiency of other antimalarial drugs diminishes rapidly in the foci where c.q.r. rema ... | 1990 | 2195277 |
| chemoprophylaxis of malaria: underlying principles and their realization. | drug prophylaxis of malaria, first practised with quinine, became safer and simpler after the introduction of mepacrine and later chloroquine. the occurrence and spread of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum rendered prophylaxis more difficult as it necessitated the use of alternative drugs, some of which were associated with major adverse reactions. the presence of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in some areas compounded the problem. the current repertoire of prophylactic dr ... | 1990 | 2195278 |
| [prevention of malaria in travellers and expatriates]. | since the occurrence of the chloroquino-resistance, chemoprophylaxis for all is not anymore the sound principle to malaria prophylaxis for travellers and expatriates. protection against malaria has now to be based on comprehensive actions (chemoprophylaxis, control of infecting bites, treatment of malaria cases as soon as first symptom occur), they have to be combined, as a whole or not, according to the area, the duration and the type of tropical stay, and even sometimes according to some param ... | 1990 | 2195279 |
| [immunization against human malaria: present knowledge]. | the authors review different aspects of immunization against malaria according to the different stages of the parasitic cycle of plasmodium falciparum: sporozoite vaccine preventing organism infestation, merozoïte vaccine and gametocyte vaccines preventing the accomplishment of the sexual cycle. progress of molecular biology and better knowledge of cellular immunity provide some prospects regarding parasitic vaccinology, thanks to genetic engineering. recombinant vaccines in vitro, in vivo and s ... | 1990 | 2195280 |
| [chemosensibility of plasmodium falciparum in africa south of the sahara: evaluation of two and a half years' research at the tropical medicine institute of the health service of the french armed forces]. | from march 1987 to june 1989, 194 isolates of plasmodium falciparum were studied in vitro by the isotopic semi-microtest. 86.1% were resistant to chloroquine; 9.5% had a decrease of sensibility to quinine and 3.3% a decrease of sensibility to mefloquine. there was a positive correlation between i.c. 50 of the antimalarial drugs compared by pairs. | 1990 | 2195281 |
| [in vivo amodiaquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in the town of cotonou and in the vicinity (bénin)]. | in the coastal area of benin, where chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum strains occur, 152 children in the guezo military camp (cotonou) and 448 children in a fishermen village (ekpe), on the southern bank of lake nokoue, are examined. the falciparum malaria infected children (29 and 135 respectively) have received 35 mg/kg body weight of amodiaquine (flavoquine) divided in three consecutive daily doses. only one child among the 69 treated having a parasitemia higher than 1,000/mm3 faile ... | 1990 | 2195282 |
| [evaluation of plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to chloroquine and amodiaquine using a simplified, in vivo, 7-day test in southern cameroon]. | plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to chloroquine and amodiaquine at a posology of 25 mg/kg per os in 3 days was evaluated in the pupils of 6 primary schools of south-west cameroon during the first semester 1989. parasitic index was 75%. plasmodium falciparum was present in 96% of the infections 24% of the 357 children treated with chloroquine were carriers of trophozoites at d3 and 17% at d7. complete resistance, at level r iii, was observed in 4% of the children. by the 55 children treated w ... | 1990 | 2195283 |
| [epidemiologic aspects of malaria in gabon]. | the authors report the results of 3 sample surveys carried out in libreville, ngounié and haut-ogooué provinces to evaluate the main malarial indexes among 0 to 15 years old children in gabon. these investigations would suggest that malaria is mesoendemic in the three areas. the systematic presumptive antimarial treatment of fever attacks is widely used in libreville but not so frequent in rural areas. | 1990 | 2195284 |
| [evaluation of malarial indices in the forest region of djoum (southern cameroon)]. | the authors report the results of a sample survey carried out in djoum to evaluate the main malarial indexes among 0-15 years old children. these investigations suggest that malaria is hyperendemic in this forestry area, at the end of the dry season. | 1990 | 2195285 |
| [imported malaria at hospitals in bordeaux (france) in 1987 and 1988. report of 185 cases]. | 100 cases of imported malaria were registered in hospitals of bordeaux in 1987 and 85 in 1988. origin of infestation is africa in 88 p.c. of the cases mainly from central africa (50 p.c.) in 1987 and western africa (67 p.c.) in 1988. the most frequent species was plasmodium falciparum 73 p.c. in 1987 and 82 p.c. in 1988. admitted cases in bordeaux were mainly french (81 p.c.) with a significant male prevailing and young adults. mean age was 29 for europeans and 19 for the others mainly africans. ... | 1990 | 2195286 |
| [plasmodial indices and malarial placentopathy in 299 parturients in central africa]. | 229 parturients were screened for malaria by blood smear test and examination of placenta (placental apposition and anatomopathological examination). primiparous show higher sensibility to infection, with a weight deficit for newborn as a consequence of it. placenta examination enables to diagnose twice as much malarial infestation than blood smear. placental apposition appears to be an interesting indicator from the point of view of diagnosis and epidemiology. | 1990 | 2195287 |
| [the quantitative buffy coat test (q.b.c. test). monofluo kit falciparum. comparative value in the rapid diagnosis of malaria]. | new emerging atypical forms of malaria, characterized by weak parasitemia, among peoples without premunition, back from plasmodium falciparum resistant areas, make it necessary to use rapid, sensitive, reliable methods of parasitologic diagnosis. this work concerned two different populations: 394 expatriates back from a 4 months stage in endemic areas. 12 patients admitted for suspected of proved malaria. authors have studied, by double blind method, versus thin film, two fluorescent techniques: ... | 1990 | 2195288 |
| [halofantrine hydrochloride in the treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria in a region of resistance. analysis of 54 pediatric cases]. | 54 children (mean age: 43 months), with initial parasitemia up to 1,000 plasmodium falciparum isolates per mm3, were treated with halofantrine hydrochloride 8 mg/kg twice daily at 6 hours intervals. 35 of these 54 children had received unsuccessful chloroquine and/or quinine treatment during 15 days before admission to the trial. fever, which was observed in 52 of the children, and parasitemia disappeared respectively 18 hours and 37 hours after initial administration of the drug (mean values). ... | 1990 | 2196007 |
| [the emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria in dakar, senegal]. | in october and november 1988 we carried out in vivo plasmodium falciparum sensitivity tests for chloroquine in the town of dakar, where malaria is endemic with increased transmission during the rainy season (july to october). 25 mg/kg/p.c of chloroquine has been administered to 35 patients on three consecutive days, according to the who protocol. clinical and parasitological controls were carried out on d1, d2, d3, d4, d7 and d14. we observed two therapeutic failures: one on d7 among the 32 pati ... | 1990 | 2196008 |
| [valine substitution]. | the review deals with analysis of the literature data concerning the importance of valine substitution in certain proteins, namely p21 ras and hemoglobin. a model of the active site of p21 protein is discussed in the light of gtpase activities alterations as a result of monoaminoacid substitution in conservative sites of p21 protein. the established relationship between some forms of transformation and plasmodium falciparum malaria on the molecular level is shown in a new aspect. the widespread ... | 1990 | 2196088 |
| genetic analysis of polymorphic proteins of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | five polymorphic proteins, detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis, were analysed in the parents and progeny of a cross between two clones of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. the information obtained showed that different forms of each protein were determined by allelic variants of each respective gene. one protein was identified as the parasite enzyme adenosine deaminase. recombinant parasites were produced at a higher than expected frequency. | 1990 | 2196204 |
| a rapid in vitro test for chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. | we report a rapid (2-3 hr) in vitro test for chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum. the test is based on the inhibition of chloroquine efflux by verapamil; it is performed by diluting infected blood in culture medium and incubating the diluted blood for 60 min at 37 degrees c with 50 nm 3h-chloroquine, with and without 10 microm verapamil. the test can be performed with the ring stage parasites in the blood of infected patients and in the presence of white cells, platelets and anticoag ... | 1990 | 2196824 |
| plasmodium falciparum: analysis of chromosomes separated by contour-clamped homogenous electric fields. | we have established improved conditions for separating the chromosomes of plasmodium falciparum by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (pfg) using a contour-clamped homogenous electric field (chef) apparatus. thirteen clearly separable chromosomal bands were reproducibly isolated from the strain fcr3 and their sizes have been determined. evidence that indicates one band may contain two chromosomes is presented. the relationship between the pfg separable dna and the number of unique chromos ... | 1990 | 2197113 |
| biosynthesis of the 25-kda protein in the macrogametes/zygotes of plasmodium falciparum. | synthesis of the 25-kda protein in the early midgut stages of plasmodium falciparum was studied, using metabolic inhibitors (colchicine and actinomycin d) and pulse-labeling experiments. experiments with colchicine showed that, immediately after induction of macrogametogenesis, 25-kda protein synthesis occurs in both fertilized and nonfertilized macrogametes. the amount of 25-kda protein synthesized increased slowly during time. experiments with actinomycin d revealed that the slow increase of s ... | 1990 | 2197114 |
| cloning metabolic pathway genes by complementation in escherichia coli. isolation and expression of plasmodium falciparum glucose phosphate isomerase. | genetic complementation of an escherichia coli double mutant was used to isolate and express the gene coding for plasmodium falciparum glucose phosphate isomerase. the gene contains a 1773-base pair open reading frame, has no introns, and maps to p. falciparum chromosome 14. 34% of the deduced amino acid sequence is identical to human glucose phosphate isomerase, with highest similarity in regions of the proposed active sites. the putative initiation site of translation was determined by deletio ... | 1990 | 2197273 |
| [malaria tropica in hiv infection]. | this is a case report of a 24 year-old woman who is hiv-infected since three years (stage iii b, cdc). she developed malaria tropica during her touristic stay in the cameroons, africa. no clinical complications were detectable even though she had a high parasitemia of 18% blood cells infected with plasmodium falciparum. after quinine therapy defervescence occurred and blood smears were continuously free of malaria parasites. p. falciparum infection may increase hiv-related immunosuppression whic ... | 1990 | 2197495 |
| detection of latent sequence periodicities. | a method is proposed for the automatic detection of serial periodicities in a linear sequence. its application to dna subtelomeric sequences from two lower eukaryotes, p.falciparum and s.cerevisiae, reveals ordered patterns organised in hierarchical periodicities, not easily recognizable by other methods. the possible implications concerning the evolution of tandemly repetitive arrays are discussed in light of a model which involves, as successive steps, random repeat modification, the fusion of ... | 1990 | 2197595 |
| world malaria situation, 1988. division of control of tropical diseases. | indigenous malaria continues to occur in some 100 countries or areas. excluding the who african region where reporting is fragmentary and irregular, the trends in individual countries of the different regions vary, but an upward trend in the number of malaria cases reported in the americas and some asian countries, is clearly visible. some 83% of the total number of cases reported annually to who (excluding the african region) are concentrated in afghanistan, brazil, china, india, mexico, the ph ... | 1990 | 2197789 |
| mortality from plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers from the united states, 1959 to 1987. | | 1990 | 2197915 |
| comparison of the in vitro activities of quassinoids with activity against plasmodium falciparum, anisomycin and some other inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis. | using the inhibition of incorporation of [3h]hypoxanthine as an index of viability of malaria parasites, it was shown that a chloroquine-sensitive strain of plasmodium falciparum (t9-96) and a chloroquine-resistant strain (k1) did not differ in their sensitivities to the quassinoids ailanthinone, bruceantin and chaparrin. similarly, there were no differences between the strains in their sensitivities to the protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin, deacetylanisomycin, cephalotaxine, homoharringto ... | 1990 | 2198027 |
| initial extracellular development in vitro of erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites (plasmodium falciparum). | merozoites of plasmodium falciparum placed in culture medium with a 50% erythrocyte extract and supplemented with atp and pyruvate differentiated extracellularly into early trophic forms. erythrocyte extract prepared by sonication was found superior to extract prepared by freezing and thawing. under the best conditions, up to 30% of the merozoites showed some development after 16 hr of incubation and approximately 5% developed into larger forms, often ring-shaped and occasionally showing pigment ... | 1990 | 2198568 |
| quinine induces reversible high-tone hearing loss. | serial audiometry was performed in ten patients receiving quinine treatment for acute falciparum malaria. quinine reduced high tone auditory acuity in all patients, resulting in flattening of the audiograms. the effect was rapid in onset, usually unnoticed (although tinnitus was reported in seven patients), and resolved completely after treatment was completed. | 1990 | 2198912 |
| [the differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria]. | | 1990 | 2199227 |
| antibody-independent inhibition of plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures. | the sera of 100 colombian individuals of african origin living in a malaria-endemic area of the pacific coast were studied with regard to their capacity to inhibit plasmodium falciparum cultures in vitro. antimalarial antibody levels determined by indirect immunofluorescence were higher in the group of infected individuals than in the noninfected individuals, and inhibitory activity assessed by the inhibition of parasite incorporation of 3h-hypoxanthine in vitro was present in the sera of both t ... | 1990 | 2199491 |
| longitudinal survey in an endemic region of plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor and antibody levels in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | a survey involving 81 individuals living in dafinso and vallée du kou no. 4 (near bobo-dioulasso), burkina faso, was performed in june 1987, august to september 1987, and january 1988, respectively, at the beginning of, during, and after the transmission season of malaria. the clinical longitudinal study during the transmission period allowed us to define three different groups in terms of both age and occurrence of malaria attack (5,000 plasmodium falciparum per mm3 of blood and axillary fever ... | 1990 | 2199518 |
| [imported malaria. the description of a rare clinical case]. | | 1990 | 2199854 |
| permethrin-impregnated curtains and bed-nets prevent malaria in western kenya. | the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated (0.5 g/m2) bed-nets and curtains as malaria control measures was evaluated in uriri, kenya in 1988. one hundred five families were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups (control, bed-net, or curtain). all participants were cured of parasitemia with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. selective epidemiologic and entomologic parameters were measured weekly, while knowledge, attitude, and practices surveys were conducted at the beginning and end of the 15 week ... | 1990 | 2200287 |
| typing of southern african isolates of plasmodium falciparum using monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic diversity among 19 southern african isolates of plasmodium falciparum was demonstrated using a panel of 9 monoclonal antibodies. parasites obtained from single patients were heterogeneous. the antigen composition of 9 isolates was not stable with time in culture, particularly not with respect to 4 of the monoclonal antibodies. by the end of the investigation, 70% of isolates displayed an identical antigen pattern which was markedly different to any obtained in other parts of the world. ... | 1990 | 2200288 |
| natural malaria infections in anophelines in rondonia state, brazilian amazon. | the use of an immunoassay for the detection of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax circumsporozoite (cs) antigens in anophelines has recently incriminated other malaria vectors besides anopheles darlingi in the brazilian amazon. in this study we analyzed 12,336 field-collected anophelines from endemic areas in rondonia for plasmodial infection. sixty-one specimens from 6 species were positive: 47 an. darlingi, 5 an. triannulatus, 4 an. albitarsis, 2 an. braziliensis, 2 an. strodei, and 1 an. oswa ... | 1990 | 2200290 |
| antimalarial activity of a 4',5'-unsaturated 5'-fluoroadenosine mechanism-based inhibitor of s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase. | a 4',5'-unsaturated 5'-fluoroadenosine inhibitor of s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (sah hydrolase; ec 3.3.1.1), mdl 28842, was found to inhibit markedly the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro and plasmodium berghei in mice. inhibition of p. berghei growth was associated with a large increase in the concentration of s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (sah) in the erythrocytes of the mice treated with mdl 28842. this increase in sah was due apparently to inhibition of the mouse erythrocyte sah h ... | 1990 | 2200410 |
| protein phosphorylation during the asexual life cycle of the human malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. | recent evidence has suggested that extensive changes in the phosphorylation profile of red cell membrane proteins are associated with the invasion and development of the malarial parasite. in order to further define the role of parasite protein phosphorylation in these events we have looked at this phosphorylation using: (1) continuous metabolic labelling with [32p]orthophosphate, (2) pulse-labelling with [32p]orthophosphate and [35s]methionine, (3) autophosphorylation of infected cells using [g ... | 1990 | 2200523 |
| micro in vitro assessment of plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine and mefloquine in gujarat. | micro in vitro tests conducted in 1987 in surat district of gujarat on sensitivity status of p. falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine revealed that the parasite has developed resistance to chloroquine upto 32 pmol. the ed 99 in hazira, gothan and umra areas of the district was found to be 17.3, 18.5 and 8.7 pmol/well for chloroquine and for mefloquine it was 14.5, 4.8 and 6.8 pmol/well respectively. monitoring of p. falciparum resistance is indicated under national malaria eradication program ... | 1990 | 2200725 |
| evidence for a switching mechanism in the invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodium falciparum. | the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum demonstrates variability in its dependence upon erythrocyte sialic acid residues for invasion. some lines of p. falciparum invade neuraminidase-treated or glycophorin-deficient red blood cells poorly, or not at all, while other lines invade such cells at substantial rates. to explore the molecular basis of non-sialic acid dependent invasion, we selected parasite lines from a clone (dd2) that initially exhibited low invasion of neuraminidase-treate ... | 1990 | 2200806 |
| [malaria and retinal hemorrhages]. | a 24-year-old woman presented with retinal hemorrhages, back from a travel in cameroon. she took a chloroquine chemoprophylaxis. we diagnosed a malaria due to plasmodium falciparum with anemia, splenomegaly and low parasitemia. a speedy clinical and ophthalmological recovery was obtained with mefloquine therapy. we discuss physiopathology of such uncommon retinal damage during malaria. | 1990 | 2200939 |
| characterisation and sequence of a protective rhoptry antigen from plasmodium falciparum. | we have recently demonstrated that a non-polymorphic rhoptry antigen, rap-1 (rhoptry associated protein-1), which is recognised by human immune serum, can successfully protect saimiri monkeys from a lethal infection of plasmodium falciparum malaria. in this report we further characterise the antigen, which consists of four major proteins of 80, 65, 42 and 40 kda and two minor proteins of 77 and 70 kda, and present the antigen's gene sequence. monoclonal antibody evidence, autocatalytic processin ... | 1990 | 2200961 |
| expression and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of plasmodium falciparum. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) from plasmodium falciparum has been detected previously in cultures of parasites grown in g6pd-deficient red blood cells. using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a semi-quantitative assay has been developed to compare the level of the parasite enzyme activity in g6pd normal and in g6pd-deficient host cells. the results do not support the previous contention that the host cell g6pd-deficiency necessarily affects the level of expression of the parasite en ... | 1990 | 2200964 |
| [tropical malaria; does prophylaxis become simpler?]. | | 1990 | 2200971 |
| hypoglycaemia in sudanese children with cerebral malaria. | | 1990 | 2201015 |
| missing infections in aids. | in north america and europe, the opportunistic infections from which patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) frequently suffer are pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: in central africa these infections are uncommon or non-existent. serious infections with entamoeba histolytica and strongyloides stercoralis would be expected to occur in aids patients: they do not. falciparum malaria might be expected to interact with hiv infection: it does not. ... | 1990 | 2201111 |
| structure-activity relationships of analogs of pentamidine against plasmodium falciparum and leishmania mexicana amazonensis. | the antiprotozoal compound 1,5-di(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) and 36 of its analogs were screened for in vitro activity against leishmania mexicana amazonensis clone 669 c4s (mhom/br/73/m2269) and plasmodium falciparum clones w2 (indochina iii/cdc) and d6 (sierra leone i/cdc). pentamidine and each of the analogs tested exhibited activity in vitro against l. m. amazonensis and p. falciparum. the pentamidine analogs were more effective against the p. falciparum clones than against l. m. ... | 1990 | 2201254 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of plasmodium falciparum to compounds which inhibit nucleotide metabolism. | a unique metabolic feature of malaria parasites is their restricted ability to synthesize nucleotides. these parasites are unable to synthesize the purine ring and must therefore obtain preformed purine bases and nucleosides from the host cell, the erythrocyte. on the other hand, pyrimidines must be synthesized de novo because of the inability of the parasites to salvage preformed pyrimidines. thus, one would anticipate that the blockage of purine salvage or pyrimidine de novo synthesis should a ... | 1990 | 2201255 |
| kinetic modelling of the response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and its experimental testing in vitro. implications for mechanism of action of and resistance to the drug. | the antimalarial mode of action of chloroquine (cq) has been investigated in great detail in recent years, but the overall mechanism is still controversial. instead of further probing the molecular aspects of partial reactions, a model based on the weak base properties of cq and its delta ph-driven accumulation in acid parasite compartments has been devised, and the integrated response of the parasite to the drug under different experimental conditions has been assayed to verify the validity of ... | 1990 | 2201299 |
| malaria. deaths from malaria acquired in africa. | | 1990 | 2201391 |
| world malaria situation 1988. part i. overview. | | 1990 | 2201393 |
| world malaria situation 1988. part ii. asia. | | 1990 | 2201394 |
| airport malaria. | | 1990 | 2201395 |
| guidelines for malaria prevention revised to include primary role for mefloquine. | | 1990 | 2201477 |
| a malaria heat-shock-like determinant expressed on the infected hepatocyte surface is the target of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms by nonparenchymal liver cells. | cultured hepatic stages of plasmodium falciparum and p. yoelii and with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a c-terminal fragment of the p. falciparum heat-shock-like protein (pfhsp70) revealed that synthesis of this antigen first occurs during intrahepatic development of the parasite, at the two nuclei stage. using a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, we observed that this antigenic determinant was expressed on the infected hepatocyte membrane. its participation in ant ... | 1990 | 2201546 |
| a multiple antigen peptide from the repetitive sequence of the plasmodium malariae circumsporozoite protein induces a specific antibody response in mice of various h-2 haplotypes. | the major repetitive epitopes of the surface circumsporozoite (cs) protein of malaria sporozoites represent candidates for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. however, previous experimental work has shown that repetitive peptides from the cs proteins of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. yoelii and p. berghei are immunogenic only in mice with the h-2b or h-2k haplotype. this led to the conclusion that strong t helper epitopes from the non-repetitive cs sequences were required i ... | 1990 | 2201549 |
| two soluble antigens of plasmodium falciparum induce tumor necrosis factor release from macrophages. | the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (tnf) may contribute to the pathology of malaria. we showed previously that crude preparations of heat-stable exoantigens from parasite cultures induce the release of tnf in vitro and in vivo. when separated from the culture medium by affinity chromatography, in which immune immunoglobulin g was used as ligand, the mixture of exoantigens of plasmodium falciparum retained the capacity to induce the secretion of tnf, both by human monocytes ... | 1990 | 2201638 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum on the survival of naturally infected afrotropical anopheles (diptera: culicidae). | the effect of the malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum welch, on the daily survival rates and longevity of anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and anopheles funestus giles was determined for wild-caught, naturally infected females from western kenya. mosquitoes were collected inside houses and held in cages until death, after which they were assayed for p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). survival rates of field populations determined by par ... | 1990 | 2201768 |
| interpretation of low-level plasmodium infection rates determined by elisa for anophelines (diptera: culicidae) from egyptian oases. | plasmodium infection rates determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for anopheles sergentii (theobald) and an. multicolor cambouliu in siwa oasis, egypt, an area with low-level plasmodium vivax transmission, and in bahariya and farafra, two other egyptian oases which appear to be free of malaria. initial testing indicated that 4.4% (23 of 518) and 0.8% (4 of 518) of the an. sergentii were positive for p. vivax and p. falciparum, respectively, and that 1.4% (1 of 71) ... | 1990 | 2201771 |
| plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia: use of exchange transfusion in seven patients and a review of the literature. | during the last 15 years, at least 35 patients with severe falciparum malaria or babesiosis have recovered following treatment by exchange of up to 10 l of blood. in a patient treated in manchester, a parasitaemia of 2.10 x 10(6) microliters (42 per cent) was virtually eliminated over eight hours by a 3.5 litre exchange blood transfusion. however, the equipment and amounts of compatible blood required for total exchange are rarely available in areas endemic for malaria and the risks of the proce ... | 1990 | 2201995 |
| the epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. | | 1990 | 2202097 |
| antibodies to the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen and the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum in a rural community from burkina faso. | a population-based study in burkina faso was conducted to determine, under conditions of natural exposure to malaria parasites, the prevalence rate and seasonal variation of antibodies to the repeated amino acid sequences of the plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte antigen (resa) and the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, and the relationship of the presence of malaria parasites in the blood with the level of these antibodies. a random sample of households was selected and visited twice d ... | 1990 | 2202098 |
| a comparison of two dna probes, one specific for plasmodium falciparum and one with wider reactivity, in the diagnosis of malaria. | the sensitivity and specificity of 2 probes for the detection of malarial infection was studied. 399 blood samples from gambian children were tested in a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridization assay, and the results compared with the microscopical findings from thick blood films. 8 additional pure plasmodium malariae and 14 pure p. vivax samples were also assayed. one probe, containing a 21 base pair tandem repeat and highly specific for p. falciparum, detected this species in all except 2 of ... | 1990 | 2202099 |
| intrinsic individual differences in circumsporozoite antibody response at a hyperendemic malaria focus. | antibody to the repetitive domain of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein was measured in blood collected over 3 consecutive months from 224 residents of a hyperendemic focus in thailand. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay incorporating the protein ([nanp]15 + nvdp)2 was used. more than 22% of adults produced high antibody titres in all 3 months, even though transmission had stopped. malaria prevalence in these high-responders was the same as in the rest of the population an ... | 1990 | 2202100 |
| an estimation of the number of malaria sporozoites ejected by a feeding mosquito. | restrained anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with plasmodium falciparum were made to produce time-dependent series of saliva droplets in mineral oil. the relative volume of each droplet and the number of sporozoites each contained were determined microscopically; gland sporozoites were estimated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. median gland infection was 8170 and median number of sporozoites ejected was 15 (range, 0-978). inoculum size was positively correlated to the number of s ... | 1990 | 2202101 |
| inhibition of plasmodium falciparum growth by a synthetic iron chelator. | the susceptibility of the chloroquine-resistant malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (fcr-3) to a pyridoxal-based iron chelator was tested. 10 microm of the chelator 1[n-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-pyridoxy-lidenium]-2-[2'-pyri dyl] hydrazine bromide (code name l2-9) effectively inhibited growth in vitro of the parasites. presaturation of the chelator with either ferric or ferrous iron partially blocked the inhibitory effect. two hours' exposure of parasites to 20 microm l2-9 was sufficient to inhibi ... | 1990 | 2202102 |