| the epidemiology of candida species associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis in an iranian patient population. | vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common infection among women worldwide. according to previous epidemiological studies, candida albicans is the most common species of candida. the prevalence of non-candida species, however, is increasing. identification of candida species among the population will not only help health professionals to choose suitable antifungal treatments, but also prevent development of drug resistance. the aim of this study was to identify, using chromogenic agar medium, the cand ... | 2010 | 21194828 |
| prevalence of candida bracarensis and candida nivariensis in a spanish collection of yeasts: comparison of results from a reference centre and from a population-based surveillance study of candidemia. | two new species related to candida glabrata, i.e., candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis, have been proposed. the occurrence of these species among isolates collected in a spanish mycology reference laboratory in 2008-2009 was reviewed. in addition, strains recovered as part of an active population-based surveillance of candidemia conducted in barcelona between 2002 and 2003 were also analyzed. among 143 clinical isolates received in 2008-2009, three (2%) were identified as c. bracarensis ... | 2011 | 21198347 |
| transcription factors cgupc2a and cgupc2b regulate ergosterol biosynthetic genes in candida glabrata. | zn[2]-cys[6] binuclear transcription factors upc2p and ecm22p regulate the expression of genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and exogenous sterol uptake in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we identified two upc2/ecm22 homologues in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata which we designated cgupc2a and cgupc2b. the contribution of these two genes to sterol homeostasis was investigated. cells that lack cgupc2a (upc2aδ) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, flucona ... | 2011 | 21199190 |
| growth defects resulting from inhibiting erg20 and ram2 in candida glabrata. | farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) is utilized for many cellular processes, including the production of dolichols, ubiquinone (coq), sterols, farnesylated heme a and prenylated proteins. this lipid synthesized by fpp synthetase (erg20) becomes attached to target proteins by the prenyltransferases, cdc43/ram2 and ram1/ram2 complexes after the formation of the c15 and c20 units, respectively. defects in protein prenylation as a result of inhibiting these enzyme complexes lead to pleiotropic effects in a ... | 2011 | 21204938 |
| scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy of protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two chitin synthase mutants in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two mutant strains of candida glabrata defective in chs3 homologues encoding class iv chitin synthase in saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy. in the wild-type strain, small particles and short filaments appeared on the protoplast surface at 10 min, filamentous materials covered the entire surface of the protoplast at 1 h, granular materials started filling interspaces of filamentous materials at 2 ... | 2011 | 21216729 |
| importance of pharmacokinetic considerations for selecting therapy in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. | invasive fungal infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among at-risk patients. over the last decade, the epidemiology of invasive mycoses has been defined by increasing rates of infection caused by azole-resistant yeast (candida glabrata, candida krusei), aspergillus, and in some centers, non-aspergillus moulds, such as fusarium species, scedosporium species, and mucorales. early and appropriate antifungal therapy is crucial for a favorable clinical outcome. whe ... | 2011 | 21248618 |
| prevalence of yeast-like fungi and evaluation of several virulence factors from feral pigeons in seoul, korea. | studies of pigeon-borne yeasts have tended to focus on species, such as cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans, with scant attention to feral pigeons in korea. we studied the prevalence of yeasts from faecal samples of feral pigeons obtained in various public places in seoul, korea, and assessed their potential capacity as human pathogens. | 2011 | 21251028 |
| anidulafungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. | candidaemia/invasive candidiasis (c/ic) is the most frequently occurring invasive fungal infection worldwide, with a particularly strong impact and high incidence in the intensive-care unit, where there is a need for new treatment options and strategies. the echinocandin anidulafungin has broad in vitro activity against a wide range of candida species, along with favourable pharmacokinetics that allow administration in hepatic and renal impairment and with any comedication without the need for d ... | 2011 | 21251147 |
| in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern and ergosterol content in clinical yeast strains. | absence or severe reduction in the amount of ergosterol in the fungal membrane and its replacement with other sterols have been described as potential antifungal resistance mechanisms in fungi. | 2011 | 21251996 |
| new regulators of a high affinity ca2+ influx system revealed through a genome-wide screen in yeast. | the bakers' yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes a high affinity ca(2+) influx system (hacs) to survive assaults by mating pheromones, tunicamycin, and azole-class antifungal agents. hacs consists of two known subunits, cch1 and mid1, that are homologous and analogous to the catalytic α-subunits and regulatory α2δ-subunits of mammalian voltage-gated calcium channels, respectively. to search for additional subunits and regulators of hacs, a collection of gene knock-out mutants was screened for ... | 2011 | 21252230 |
| emerging opportunistic yeast infections. | a growing population of immunosuppressed patients has resulted in increasingly frequent diagnoses of invasive fungal infections, including those caused by unusual yeasts. the incidence of non-albicans species of candida is increasing compared with that of candida albicans, and several species, such as candida glabrata and candida krusei, may be resistant to azole antifungal therapy. trichosporon species are the second most common cause of fungaemia in patients with haematological malignant disea ... | 2011 | 21272794 |
| in vitro synergism between berberine and miconazole against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures. | to investigate the antimycotic activity of the plant alkaloid berberine (bbr), alone and in combination with antifungal azoles, against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures. | 2011 | 21272859 |
| cell surface hydrophobicity: a predictor of biofilm production in candida isolates? | | 2011 | 21273372 |
| frequency of voriconazole resistance in vitro among spanish clinical isolates of candida spp. according to breakpoints established by the antifungal subcommittee of the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | a total of 4,226 spanish clinical isolates of candida spp. were analyzed to assess resistance to voriconazole according to breakpoints established by the european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (where susceptibility [s] to voriconazole corresponds to a mic of = 0.12 mg/liter). resistance was uncommon among candida albicans (5%), c. parapsilosis (1.2%), and c. tropicalis (11%) isolates. voriconazole mics of >0.12 mg/liter were more frequent among candida glabrata and c. krusei ... | 2011 | 21282420 |
| voriconazole-induced inhibition of the fungicidal activity of amphotericin b in candida strains with reduced susceptibility to voriconazole: an effect not predicted by the mic value alone. | an antagonistic effect of voriconazole on the fungicidal activity of sequential doses of amphotericin b has previously been demonstrated in candida albicans strains susceptible to voriconazole. because treatment failure and the need to switch to other antifungals are expected to occur more often in infections that are caused by resistant strains, it was of interest to study whether the antagonistic effect was still seen in candida strains with reduced susceptibility to voriconazole. with the hyp ... | 2011 | 21282443 |
| multilaboratory testing of two-drug combinations of antifungals against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida parapsilosis. | there are few multilaboratory studies of antifungal combination testing to suggest a format for use in clinical laboratories. in the present study, eight laboratories tested quality control (qc) strain candida parapsilosis atcc 22019 and clinical isolates candida albicans 20533.043, c. albicans 20464.007, candida glabrata 20205.075, and c. parapsilosis 20580.070. the clinical isolates had relatively high azole and echinocandin mics. a modified clsi m27-a3 protocol was used, with 96-well custom-m ... | 2011 | 21282457 |
| conventional dendritic cells mount a type i ifn response against candida spp. requiring novel phagosomal tlr7-mediated ifn-ß signaling. | human fungal pathogens such as the dimorphic candida albicans or the yeast-like candida glabrata can cause systemic candidiasis of high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages establish the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and largely determine the outcome of infections. among other cytokines, they produce type i ifns (ifns-i), which are important modulators of the host immune response. whereas an ifn-i response is ... | 2011 | 21282509 |
| an evaluation of risk factors in pregnant women with candida vaginitis and the diagnostic value of simultaneous vaginal and rectal sampling. | in this study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of vvc among pregnant women. we conducted a prospective survey among 372 pregnant women to investigate the prevalence, clinical forms, etiological agents, and predisposing factors of vvc. in addition, we determined the relationship between vaginal and rectal flora by simultaneously obtaining one high vaginal swab and one rectal swab from each patient using sterile cotton-tipped swabs. furthermore, we compared the recovery and ide ... | 2011 | 21293929 |
| a novel role for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored aspartyl protease, cgyps1, in the regulation of ph homeostasis in candida glabrata. | proteases, key virulence factors of many bacterial and fungal pathogens, are pivotally important for nutrient acquisition, invasion and adherence to host cells and evasion/escape from host immune cells. in this study, we report a novel role for cgyps1, member of a family of 11 gpi-linked aspartyl proteases, in a human opportunistic fungal pathogen, candida glabrata, in the regulation of ph homeostasis under acidic environmental conditions. we show that cgyps1 is required to survive low-external- ... | 2011 | 21299646 |
| candida uthaithanina sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in nakaseomyces clade isolated in thailand. | three yeast stains were isolated from two unknown fruits (strains dd2-22-1(t) and sk44) and moss (strain st-449) in thailand. analysis of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit (lsu) rrna gene sequences of the three strains revealed that they belonged to the same species. in terms of pairwise sequence similarity, candida cf. glabrata uwo(ps) 98-110.4 and candida nivariensis were the closest undescribed and recognized taxa, but the levels of nucleotide substitutions were 1.7-1.9% and 2.0-2.2%, res ... | 2011 | 21311971 |
| the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of pyridazinones as glucan synthase inhibitors. | a structure-activity relationship study of the lead 5-[4-(benzylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-morpholino-2-phenyl-pyridazin-3(2h)-one 1 has resulted in the identification of 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-fluorocyclopentyloxy)-5-[4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-pyridazin-3(2h)-one 11c as a ß-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor. compound 11c exhibited significant efficacy in an in vivo mouse model of candida glabrata infection. | 2011 | 21316223 |
| a novel membrane-integrated fermentation reactor system: application to pyruvic acid production in continuous culture by torulopsis glabrata. | this paper describes the performance of a novel bio-reactor system, the membrane-integrated fermentation reactor (mfr), for efficient continuous fermentation. the mfr, equipped with an autoclavable polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, has normally been used for biological wastewater treatment. the productivity of the mfr system, applied to the continuous production of pyruvic acid by the yeast torulopsis glabrata, was remarkably high. the volumetric productivity of pyruvic acid increased up to 4. ... | 2011 | 21318623 |
| loss of mitochondrial functions associated with azole resistance in candida glabrata results in enhanced virulence in mice. | mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the possible mechanisms by which azole resistance can occur in candida glabrata. cells with mitochondrial dna deficiency (so-called "petite mutants") upregulate atp binding cassette (abc) transporter genes and thus display increased resistance to azoles. isolation of such c. glabrata mutants from patients receiving antifungal therapy or prophylaxis has been rarely reported. in this study, we characterized two sequential and related c. glabrata isolates recover ... | 2011 | 21321146 |
| antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and ca++ antagonist effects of caesalpinia bonducella. | caesalpinia bonducella f. (leguminosae) has been used as a folk medicine for a variety of ailments. the crude extract of c. bonducella and its fractions were studied for antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and ca++ antagonistic properties. the strongest antibacterial effect was displayed by the n-butanol (72%) and ethyl acetate (80%) fractions, followed by the crude extract (46% and 42%), against escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, respectively. the plant extract and its fractions showe ... | 2011 | 21328138 |
| [molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from urine samples of patients in intensive care unit]. | the aims of this study were to analyse the amphotericin b and fluconazole susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of candida strains (candida albicans, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata) isolated from the urine samples of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. identification of the isolates was done according to microscopic morphology (chlamydospor, blastospor, pseudohyphae and true hyphae) on cornmeal agar, germ tube formation and carbohydrate assimilation patterns (api id 32 ... | 2011 | 21341168 |
| biodiversity in sulfur metabolism in hemiascomycetous yeasts. | the evolution of the metabolism of sulfur compounds among yeast species was investigated. differences between species were observed in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. most yeast species possess two pathways leading to cysteine production, the transsulfuration pathway and the o-acetyl-serine (oas) pathway, with the exception of saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida glabrata, which only display the transsulfuration pathway, and schizosaccharomyces pombe, which only have the oas pathway. an exami ... | 2011 | 21348937 |
| yeasts isolation from bovine mammary glands under different mastitis status in the mexican high plateu. | the mastitis subclinical and clinical in cows caused by fungi has been increased specially by yeast of the genus candida. | 2011 | 21349344 |
| pyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones and their tin(iv) complexes with antifungal activity against candida spp. | [(n-bu)sn(2ac4oclph)cl2] (1), [(n-bu)sn(2ac4ofph)cl2] (2), [(n-bu)sn(2ac4ono2ph)cl2] (3), [(n-bu)sn(2bz4oclph)cl2] (4), [(n-bu)sn(2bz4ofph)cl2] (5) and [(n-bu)sn(2bz4ono2ph)cl2] (6) were obtained by reacting [(n-bu)sncl3] with 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4oclph), 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthofluorphenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4ofph), 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthonitrophenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4ono2ph), and with the corresponding 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarb ... | 2011 | 21353348 |
| possible role of azole and echinocandin lock solutions in the control of candida biofilms associated with silicone. | until now, management of candidiasis related to implanted devices has remained problematic. the aim of this study was to investigate antifungal lock strategies against candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms in vitro. three antifungal agents were used against eight c. albicans and six c. glabrata clinical strains isolated from infected catheters. caspofungin and micafungin, both echinocandins, as well as the azole posaconazole were tested. an in vitro model of candida biofilm on 100% sili ... | 2011 | 21353488 |
| biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in spontaneously-fermented buckwheat and teff sourdoughs. | in this study, four different laboratory scale gluten-free (gf) sourdoughs were developed from buckwheat or teff flours. the fermentations were initiated by the spontaneous biota of the flours and developed under two technological conditions (a and b). sourdoughs were propagated by continuous back-slopping until the stability was reached. the composition of the stable biota occurring in each sourdough was assessed using both culture-dependent and -independent techniques. overall, a broad spectru ... | 2010 | 21356457 |
| evaluation of clsi m44-a2 disk diffusion and associated breakpoint testing of caspofungin and micafungin using a well-characterized panel of wild-type and fks hot spot mutant candida isolates. | disk diffusion testing has recently been standardized by the clsi, and susceptibility breakpoints have been established for several antifungal compounds. for caspofungin, 5-µg disks are approved, and for micafungin, 10-µg disks are under evaluation. we evaluated the performances of caspofungin and micafungin disk testing using a panel of candida isolates with and without known fks echinocandin resistance mechanisms. disk diffusion and microdilution assays were performed strictly according to cls ... | 2011 | 21357293 |
| curcumin as a promising anticandidal of clinical interest. | curcumin, an important asian spice, is part of many indian food preparations. this work evaluates the antifungal activity of curcumin against 14 strains of candida (10 clinical and 4 standard). curcumin displayed antifungal properties against all tested candida strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) varying from 250 to 2000 µg·ml?¹. the in vitro effect of curcumin on growth, sterol content, proteinase secretion, and h+ extrusion by plasma membrane atpase was investigated for 2 st ... | 2011 | 21358761 |
| c- and n-catabolic utilization of tricarboxylic acid cycle-related amino acids by scheffersomyces stipitis and other yeasts. | scheffersomyces stipitis and the closely related yeast candida shehatae assimilated the l-amino acids glutamate, aspartate and proline as both carbon and nitrogen sole sources. we also found this rarely investigated ability in ascomycetous species such as candida glabrata, c. reukaufii, c. utilis, debaryomyces hansenii, kluyveromyces lactis, k. marxianus, candida albicans, l. elongisporus, meyerozyma guilliermondii, c. maltosa, pichia capsulata and yarrowia lipolytica and in basidiomycetous spec ... | 2011 | 21360752 |
| antifungal activity of plant extracts against candida species from oral lesions. | seventy five patients with oral lesions attending the different departments of rajah muthiah medical college and hospital, annamalai university were screened for candida. forty six (61.3%) candida strains were isolated from the oral lesions. of the 46 candida strains, candida albicans accounted for 35 (76.08%), candida glabrata for 5 (10.86%), candida tropicalis and candida krusei for 2 (4.34%) each and candida parapsilosis and candida guilliermondii for one (2.17%) each. antifungal activity of ... | 2008 | 21369447 |
| characterization of candida species from different populations in taiwan. | the opportunistic candida species existing as part of commensal microbiota in humans are usually the etiological agents causing infections. we investigated whether isolates collected from different age groups, hospital units, and sources have distinct characteristics. a total of 913 isolates comprising 395 candida albicans, 230 candida tropicalis, 202 candida glabrata, 62 candida parapsilosis, 13 candida krusei, and 11 of other six species were analyzed. urine was the most common source (41.2%), ... | 2011 | 21369746 |
| candida non-albicans versus candida albicans fungemia in the non-neonatal pediatric population. | non-albicans candida (nac) species have been implicated as major pathogens in patients with hospital-acquired candidemia. few studies have investigated the impact of nac fungemia among pediatric patients outside of the neonatal age group. | 2011 | 21372750 |
| [changes in the epidemiology of fungaemia and fluconazole susceptibility of blood isolates during the last 10 years in spain: results from the fungemyca study]. | recent epidemiological surveillance studies have reported an increase in fungaemia caused by non-candida albicans species, as well as a decrease in fluconazole susceptibility. | 2011 | 21376831 |
| high burden of antimicrobial resistance in asia. | antimicrobial resistance is associated with high mortality rates and high medical costs. marked variations in the resistance profiles of bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as the quality of public hygiene have had a considerable impact on the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in asian countries. in asia, one of the epicentres of antimicrobial drug resistance, there is an alarming number of antibiotic-resistant species, including penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumo ... | 2011 | 21382699 |
| prunus mume extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria. | prunus mume is a common fruit in asia, which has been used in traditional chinese medicine. in this study, we focused on the antimicrobial properties of prunus mume extract against oral pathogens related to dental caries and periodontal diseases. | 2011 | 21401748 |
| optimization of 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds against opportunistic fungal pathogens. | ring-opened benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium salts (3) were designed and synthesized with substitution on the thiophene moiety. in vitro screenings were carried out against fungal pathogens including cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and aspergillus fumigatus. in all, by replacing the n-methyl group (2) with n-?-phenylpentyl or ?-cyclohexylpentyl group to form substituted 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds produced remarkable potencies, as high as 300-fold ... | 2011 | 21402432 |
| [a case of micafungin-hyposensitive candida glabrata due to fks2 gene mutation]. | candida glabrata was continuously isolated in cultured urine samples from a subject with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. yeast-like fungal phagocytosis found in gram staining led to agents being tested for antifungal susceptibility, revealing hyposensitivity to micafungin (mcfg) of mic <2 mg/ml. mcfg administered for 10 days failed to cure c. glabrata infection. to clarify why hyposensitivity occurred, we analyzed the fks gene sequence using the pcr, finding a deficit of 3 bases coding phen ... | 2011 | 21404607 |
| contribution of cgpdr1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant candida glabrata. | in candida glabrata, the transcription factor cgpdr1 is involved in resistance to azole antifungals via upregulation of atp binding cassette (abc)-transporter genes including at least cgcdr1, cgcdr2 and cgsnq2. a high diversity of gof (gain-of-function) mutations in cgpdr1 exists for the upregulation of abc-transporters. these mutations enhance c. glabrata virulence in animal models, thus indicating that cgpdr1 might regulate the expression of yet unidentified virulence factors. we hypothesized ... | 2011 | 21408004 |
| adherence and biofilm formation of non-candida albicans candida species. | most cases of candidosis have been attributed to candida albicans, but recently non-c. albicans candida species have been identified as frequent human pathogens. candida pathogenicity has been attributed to several factors, including adhesion to medical devices and/or host cells, biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, phospholipases and haemolysins). although 'new'candida species are emerging, there is still a lack of information about their pathogenicity. this review ... | 2011 | 21411325 |
| oxidative stress response and virulence factors in candida glabrata clinical isolates. | we determined the susceptibility to oxidative stress and assessed the four virulence factors of the 38 candida glabrata clinical isolates originating from two teaching hospitals in slovakia. all the isolates were susceptible to hydrogen peroxide, diamide, and 7-chlorotetrazolo[5,1-c]benzo[1,2,4]triazine (ctbt) inducing an increased formation of reactive oxygen species in fungal cells. the mean relative cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) of isolates was 21.9, ranging from 1.92 to 56.96. all isolat ... | 2011 | 21416384 |
| chemical characterization and biological properties of nvc-422, a novel, stable n-chlorotaurine analog. | during oxidative burst, neutrophils selectively generate hocl to destroy invading microbial pathogens. excess hocl reacts with taurine, a semi-essential amino acid, resulting in the formation of the longer-lived biogenerated broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, n-chlorotaurine (nct). in the presence of an excess of hocl or under moderately acidic conditions, nct can be further chlorinated, or it can disproportionate to produce n,n-dichlorotaurine (nndct). in the present study, 2,2-dimethyltaurine ... | 2011 | 21422212 |
| identification of salt-tolerant gene hog1 in torulopsis versatilis. | to understand the osmo-adaptation mechanism in torulopsis versatilis (t), we investigated the salt-tolerant gene hog1 from the wild-type and a salt-tolerant mutant strain (t5) constructed using genome shuffling. the hog1 genes from t and t5 were sequenced and revealed several mutations had occurred. the expression level of t5hog1 was stronger than that of thog1, indicating a reason for the increase of salt-tolerance in t. versatilis. moreover, overexpression of t5hog1 and thog1 improved the tole ... | 2011 | 21431849 |
| presence of candida spp. in the oral cavity of heart transplantation patients. | candida spp. can lead to infections or even fungal sepsis particularly among immunocompromised individuals. | 2011 | 21437462 |
| host iron withholding demands siderophore utilization for candida glabrata to survive macrophage killing. | the fungal pathogen candida glabrata has risen from an innocuous commensal to a major human pathogen that causes life-threatening infections with an associated mortality rate of up to 50%. the dramatic rise in the number of immunocompromised individuals from hiv infection, tuberculosis, and as a result of immunosuppressive regimens in cancer treatment and transplant interventions have created a new and hitherto unchartered niche for the proliferation of c. glabrata. iron acquisition is a known m ... | 2011 | 21445236 |
| differential cell wall remodeling of two chitin synthase deletants ?chs3a and ?chs3b in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | it is known that cell wall remodeling and the salvaging pathway act to compensate for an impaired or a damaged cell wall. lately, it has been indicated that this mechanism is partly required for resistance to the glucan synthesis inhibitor echinocandin. while cell wall remodeling has been described in mutants of glucan or mannan synthesis, it has not yet been reported in a chitin synthesis mutant. here, we describe a novel cell wall remodeling and salvaging pathway in chitin synthesis mutants, ? ... | 2011 | 21453325 |
| differences in proteolytic activity and gene profiles of fungal strains isolated from the total parenteral nutrition patients. | fungal infections constitute a serious clinical problem in the group of patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. the majority of species isolated from infections of the total parenteral nutrition patients belong to candida genus. the most important factors of candida spp. virulence are the phenomenon of "phenotypic switching," adhesins, dimorphism of fungal cells and the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteinases and lipases, including aspartyl proteinases. we determined the prote ... | 2011 | 21455781 |
| in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of candida isolates from patients with invasive candidiasis in kuala lumpur hospital, malaysia. | the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of 159 clinical isolates of candida species from patients with invasive candidiasis in kuala lumpur hospital, malaysia, were determined against amphotericin b, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and caspofungin. the most common species were candida albicans (71 isolates), candida parapsilosis (42 isolates), candida tropicalis (27 isolates) and candida glabrata (12 isolates). the susceptibility tests were carried out using an e-test. the mic breakpoin ... | 2011 | 21459913 |
| antifungal susceptibility testing and candidaemia at a tertiary referral hospital. | candidaemia is associated with a high mortality. we have reviewed cases of candidaemia over a 2-year period at a tertiary referral hospital in association with the introduction of routine antifungal susceptibility testing. the aim of the study was two fold; firstly to establish the typical profile of a patient who might experience a candida bloodstream infection and secondly, to evaluate methods of antifungal susceptibility testing. in 2008-2009, 31 patients with candidaemia were retrospectively ... | 2011 | 21465880 |
| hydroalcoholic extract based-ointment from punica granatum l. peels with enhanced in vivo healing potential on dermal wounds. | the present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of punica granatum l. peels. a 5% (w/w) methanolic extract based-ointment was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing in guinea pigs. the ointment was applied in vivo on the paravertebral area of twelve excised wounded models once a day for 10 consecutive days. the ointment significantly enhanced the wound contraction and the period of epithelialization as assessed by the mechanical (contraction rate, tensil ... | 2011 | 21466954 |
| analysis of subtelomeric silencing in candida glabrata. | analysis of gene function often involves detailed studies of when a given gene is expressed or silenced. transposon mutagenesis is a powerful tool to generate insertional mutations that provide with a selectable marker and a reporter gene that can be used to analyze the transcriptional activity of a specific locus in a variety of microorganisms to study gene regulation. then the reporter gene expression can be easily measured under different conditions to gain insight into the regulation of the ... | 2011 | 21468995 |
| interface fungal keratitis after endothelial keratoplasty: a clinicopathological report. | the authors report two cases of interface fungal keratitis following descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (dsaek). two patients developed culture-proven interface keratitis with candida albicans and candida glabrata following dsaek. both patients presented with white interface opacities at approximately 1 month after uncomplicated dsaek. adjunct confocal microscopy identified fungal elements prior to surgical therapy. a penetrating keratoplasty was performed in both cases afte ... | 2011 | 21485974 |
| sar studies of pyridazinone derivatives as novel glucan synthase inhibitors. | a novel series of pyridazinone analogs has been developed as potent β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors through structure-activity relationship study of the lead 5-[4-(benzylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-morpholino-2-phenyl-pyridazin-3(2h)-one (1). the effect of changes to the core structure is described in detail. optimization of the sulfonamide moiety led to the identification of important compounds with much improved systematic exposure while retaining good antifungal activity against the fungal st ... | 2011 | 21489787 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of functionalized 2,3-spirostane isomers. | invasive fungal infections are a major complication for individuals with compromised immune systems. one of the most significant challenges in the treatment of invasive fungal infections is the increased resistance of many organisms to widely used antifungals, making the development of novel antifungal agents essential. many naturally occurring products have been found to be effective antimicrobial agents. in particular, saponins with spirostane glycosidic moieties-isolated from plant or marine ... | 2011 | 21489791 |
| fungalrv: adhesin prediction and immunoinformatics portal for human fungal pathogens. | abstract: | 2011 | 21496229 |
| candida urinary tract infections--diagnosis. | the finding of candiduria in a patient with or without symptoms should be neither dismissed nor hastily treated, but requires a careful evaluation, which should proceed in a logical fashion. symptoms of candida pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, or epididymo-orchitis are little different from those of the same infections produced by other pathogens. candiduria occurring in critically ill patients should initially be regarded as a marker for the possibility of invasive candidiasis. the first ... | 2011 | 21498838 |
| [fungi as etiologic emergent agents of the ventilator-associated pneumonia after cardiac surgery]. | evaluation of the fungal involvement in the etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) after cardiac surgery. the study had as target the patients diagnosed with vap after cardiac surgery at the institute of cardiovascular diseases in iaşi, between april 2nd 2002 and december 31st 2009. material and method: our study included only cases with fungal etiology of vap. we examined quantitatively the tracheal aspirates with cytology quality score q = 2+: microscopy and cultivation. the isolate ... | 2010 | 21500462 |
| the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl protease yps1 is transcriptionally regulated by the calcineurin-crz1 and slt2 mapk pathways in candida glabrata. | in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata, the yps1 gene, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl protease, is required for cell wall integrity and virulence. although the expression of yps1 has been studied in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcriptional regulation of this gene in c. glabrata is not well understood. here, we report that c. glabrata yps1 is required for cell growth at elevated temperatures, and that the heat-induced expression of yps1 is regulated predomina ... | 2011 | 21501380 |
| caspofungin dose escalation for invasive candidiasis due to resistant candida albicans. | previous in vivo studies have reported caspofungin dose escalation to be effective against candida glabrata with reduced susceptibility. we hypothesized that higher doses of caspofungin would be effective against invasive candidiasis caused by the more virulent species c. albicans, including isolates resistant to this echinocandin. immunocompetent mice were inoculated with one of three c. albicans isolates, including one susceptible and two resistant isolates with different fks1 hot-spot 1 point ... | 2011 | 21502632 |
| candida prophylaxis and therapy in the icu. | the incidence of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients has increased over the past decade and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. candida is identified in up to 17% of icu patients, with candidemia occurring in ∼1%. candida albicans continues to account for approximately half of the invasive candidiasis cases, with non- albicans candida species, such candida glabrata, increasing in frequency. diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is commonly based on blood culture resu ... | 2011 | 21506052 |
| cgcyn1, a plasma membrane cystine-specific transporter of candida glabrata with orthologues prevalent among pathogenic yeast and fungi. | we describe a novel plasma membrane cystine transporter, cgcyn1, from candida glabrata, the first such transporter to be described from yeast and fungi. c. glabrata met15δ strains, organic sulfur auxotrophs, were observed to utilize cystine as a sulfur source, and this phenotype was exploited in the discovery of cgcyn1. heterologous expression of cgcyn1 in saccharomyces cerevisiae met15δ strains conferred the ability of s. cerevisiae strains to grow on cystine. deletion of the cgcyn1 orf (cagl0m ... | 2011 | 21507960 |
| human pathogenic fungi in china-emerging trends from ongoing national survey for 1986, 1996, and 2006. | this epidemiological survey was a retrospective study on three nodes during the past three decades on fungal infections representing the china, including taiwan. owing to rare publications reporting on dynamic epidemiological trends in the pathogen epidemiology in china, we surveyed the isolation rates and pathogenic fungi from 8 representative districts in china using uniform identification with uniform methodology. the pathogenic fungi isolation rates and species obtained from 1986 (n = 9,096) ... | 2011 | 21509517 |
| candida bloodstream infections: comparison of species distribution and resistance to echinocandin and azole antifungal agents in intensive care unit (icu) and non-icu settings in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2008-2009). | minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) data from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program generated by reference methods were analysed to compare the antifungal resistance profiles and species distribution of candida bloodstream infection (bsi) isolates obtained from patients in the intensive care unit (icu) and those from non-icu locations. results from 79 medical centres between 2008 and 2009 were tabulated. mic values were obtained for anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, ... | 2011 | 21514797 |
| molecular typing and in vitro fluconazole susceptibility of candida species isolated from diabetic and nondiabetic women with vulvovaginal candidiasis in india. | candida albicans and candida glabrata are the major causes of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) in indian women with diabetes mellitus. little information is available regarding the genotyping of candida species isolated from indian diabetic women with vvc. | 2011 | 21524609 |
| synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of new (cyano-nno-azoxy)pyrazole derivatives. | the antibacterial and antifungal activity of a series of products, in which the 1,5-dimethyl-4-(cyano-nno-azoxy)pyrazol-3-yl and 1,3-dimethyl-4-(cyano-nno-azoxy)pyrazol-5-yl moieties were linked to pyridine, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiophene and the furan ring, were examined. no molecule displayed activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested. conversely, some compounds displayed activity against two staphylococcus aureus strains, including the methicillin resistant strain. all compounds displ ... | 2011 | 21530247 |
| synthesis, characterization and biological studies of sulfonamide schiff's bases and some of their metal derivatives. | a new series of schiff base ligands derived from sulfonamide and their metal(ii) complexes [cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii)] have been synthesized and characterized. the nature of bonding and structure of all the synthesized compounds has been explored by physical, analytical and spectral data of the ligands and their metal(ii) complexes. the authors suggest that all the prepared complexes possess an octahedral geometry. the ligands and metal(ii) complexes have been screened for ... | 2011 | 21534864 |
| distribution of micafungin in the tissue fluids of patients with invasive fungal infections. | the distribution of micafungin (mcfg) in tissue fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (csf), pleural effusions, ascites, and wound tissue fluids, was examined in seven patients with invasive fungal infections. mcfg (100-300 mg) was administered once daily over a 1-h intravenous infusion. blood and tissue fluid samples were collected from 1 to 24 h after infusion. although two patients had similar mcfg concentrations in their plasma, the concentrations in the csf differed between these two patients ... | 2011 | 21537970 |
| in vivo activity of sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal candida species. | abstract: | 2011 | 21542936 |
| bioactivity and cellular structure of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms grown in the presence of fluconazole. | objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate whether fluconazole (flz) could affect the bioactivity and cellular structure of candida albicans or candida glabrata biofilms grown in the presence of flz. materials and methods: tokens were fabricated using poly(methylmethacrylate) resin (pmma) in a hot water bath. salivary pellicles were formed on the pmma surface, and biofilms of a reference strain and two clinical isolates of c. albicans (atcc 90028, p01 and p34) and c. glabrata (atcc 2001, p ... | 2011 | 21549350 |
| detailed comparison of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms under different conditions and its susceptibility to caspofungin and anidulafungin. | candida biofilm development can be influenced by diverse factors such as substrate, culture medium, carbohydrate source and ph. we have analyzed biofilm formation of candida albicans sc5314 and candida glabrata atcc2001 wild type strains in the presence of different media (rpmi-1640 versus ynb) and using different ph values (ph 5.6 or 7.0). we determined adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene, changes in the expression of adhesin genes during these processes and the susceptibility of matu ... | 2011 | 21566087 |
| candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. | the incidence of infections caused by candida species (candidosis) has increased considerably over the past three decades, mainly due to the rise of the aids epidemic, an increasingly aged population, higher numbers of immunocompromised patients and the more widespread use of indwelling medical devices. candida albicans is the main cause of candidosis; however, non-c. albicans candida (ncac) species such as candida glabrata, candida tropicalis and candida parapsilosis are now frequently identifi ... | 2011 | 21569057 |
| comparative in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of candida paparsilosis complex and other candida species to caspofungin and anidulafungin by etest. | in vitro susceptibility of 141 clinical isolates of candida species to caspofungin and anidulafungin is reported. the etest was performed according to recommended procedure and minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were read after 24 h of incubation at 35°c. applying a breakpoint of <2 mg/ml, all candida spp. isolates, except those belonging to c. parapsilosis complex, were susceptible. the geometric mean for caspofungin and anidulafungin for different candida spp. were as follows: candida pa ... | 2011 | 21571626 |
| novel fungicidal benzylsulfanyl-phenylguanidines. | a series of substituted benzylsulfanyl-phenylamines was synthesized, of which four substituted benzylsulfanyl-phenylguanidines (665, 666, 667 and 684) showed potent fungicidal activity (minimal fungicidal concentration, mfc⩽10μm for candida albicans and candida glabrata). a benzylsulfanyl-phenyl scaffold with an unsubstituted guanidine resulted in less active compounds (mfc=50-100μm), whereas substitution with an unsubstituted amine group resulted in compounds without fungicidal activity. compou ... | 2011 | 21576022 |
| a new fks hotspot for acquired echinocandin resistance in yeast, and its contribution to intrinsic resistance of scedosporium species. | echinocandins represent a new antifungal group with potent activity versus candida species. these lipopeptides inhibit synthesis of β-1,3 glucan, the major cell wall polysaccharide. acquired resistance or reduced echinocandin susceptibility (res) is rare, and associated with mutations in two "hotspot" regions of fks1 or fks2, the probable β-1,3-glucan synthases. in contrast, many fungi demonstrate intrinsic res for reasons that remain unclear. we are using saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand ... | 2011 | 21576441 |
| antifungal susceptibility of invasive yeast isolates in italy: the gisia3 study in critically ill patients. | abstract: background: yeasts are a common cause of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients. antifungal susceptibility testing results of clinically significant fungal strains are of interest to physicians, enabling them to adopt appropriate strategies for empiric and prophylactic therapies. we investigated the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated over a 2-year period from hospitalised patients with invasive yeast infections. methods: 638 yeasts were isolated from the blood, ... | 2011 | 21586108 |
| anticandidal activity of cassia fistula and its effect on ergosterol biosynthesis. | context: cassia fistula linn. (caesalpiniaceae) has been used in folk medicine. anthraquinone derivative rhein having antimicrobial properties is actively present in c. fistula fruit. although, as yet there has been no study of its anticandidal potential. objective: the present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition of fruit pulp and seed extract and their effect on candida albicans atcc 10261, candida glabrata atcc 90030 and candida tropicalis atcc 750, respectively. mat ... | 2011 | 21591840 |
| candida glabrata strain relatedness by new microsatellite markers. | we investigated six microsatellite markers to type 85 unrelated and 118 related isolates of candida glabrata from 36 patients. three new markers were selected from the complete sequence of cbs138 and three previously described markers, rpm2, mti and erg3 were used. we found a genetic diversity of 0.949 by combining four of them. by applying the new microsatellite markers glm4, glm5 and glm6 we were able to discriminate 29 isolates, originally identified by the more established markers, rpm2, mti ... | 2011 | 21598073 |
| pathogenesis of candida albicans infections in the alternative chorio-allantoic membrane chicken embryo model resembles systemic murine infections. | alternative models of microbial infections are increasingly used to screen virulence determinants of pathogens. in this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of candida albicans and c. glabrata infections in chicken embryos infected via the chorio-allantoic membrane (cam) and analyzed the virulence of deletion mutants. the developing immune system of the host significantly influenced susceptibility: with increasing age, embryos became more resistant and mounted a more balanced immune response, ... | 2011 | 21603634 |
| [physiological characteristics of a low-ph tolerant strain torulopsis glabrata rt-6]. | with the aim of elucidating the physiological characteristics of a low-ph tolerant strain torulopsis glabrata rt-6. | 2011 | 21604548 |
| genetic relationship of fluconazole non-susceptible candida glabrata isolates from nine korean hospitals. | | 2011 | 21605184 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of phenothiazines and their combination with amphotericin b against different candida species. | candidiosis is a mycosis that is currently increasingly affecting the population in consequence of its frequency and the severity of its complications, especially among immunocompromised hosts. in this work, the in vitro anticandidal activities of two phenothiazines (ptzs), chlorpromazine (cpz) and trifluoperazine (tfp), and their combinations with amphotericin b (amb) were tested against 12 different candida strains representing 12 species (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida guillermon ... | 2011 | 21605196 |
| differentiation of candida glabrata, c. nivariensis and c. bracarensis based on fragment length polymorphism of its1 and its2 and restriction fragment length polymorphism of its and d1/d2 regions in rdna. | different molecular methods for the discrimination of candida glabrata, c. bracarensis and c. nivariensis were evaluated and the prevalence of these species among danish blood isolates investigated. control strains were used to determine fragment length polymorphism in the its1, its2, its1-5.8s-its2 regions and in the d1/d2 domain of 26s rdna using primers designed for this study. a total of 133 blood isolates previously identified as c. glabrata were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restri ... | 2011 | 21607825 |
| candida glabrata mutants demonstrating paradoxical caspofungin reduced susceptibility but micafungin increased susceptibilty. | echinocandins including caspofungin (csp) and micafungin (mcf) are highly active versus candida glabrata (mic ≤ 0.06 μg/ml). true resistance (mic ≥ 1) is a rare event, and strictly associated with mutations in β-1,3-glucan synthase genes fks1 or fks2. in contrast, we show here that mutants exhibiting csp reduced susceptibility (crs; mic = 0.12 to 0.5) are readily selected in vitro, and paradoxically demonstrate mcf increased susceptibility (mis) ranging from 4 to 32-fold. crs-mis mutants were ge ... | 2011 | 21628537 |
| amyloid of the candida albicans ure2p prion domain is infectious and has an in-register parallel β-sheet structure. | ure2p of candida albicans (ure2albicans) can be a prion in saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the ure2p of candida glabrata (ure2glabrata) cannot, even though the ure2glabrata n-terminal domain is more similar to that of the s. cerevisiae ure2p (ure2cerevisiae) than is ure2albicans. we show that the n-terminal n/q-rich prion domain of ure2 albicans forms amyloid that is infectious, transmitting [ure3alb] to s. cerevisiae cells expressing only the c. albicans ure2p. using solid-state nmr of selectivel ... | 2011 | 21634787 |
| synthesis, characterization and biological properties of thienyl derived triazole schiff bases and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes. | a new series of biologically active thienyl derived triazole schiff bases and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of physical (m.p., magnetic susceptibility and conductivity), spectral (ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr, electronic and mass spectrometry) and microanalytical data. all the schiff base ligands and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes have been subjected to in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, shigella flexner ... | 2011 | 21635212 |
| [evaluation of the significance of molecular methods in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: comparison with conventional methods.] | direct microscopy and culture methods are still valuable standard conventional methods for the diagnosis of infections caused by true or opportunistic fungal pathogens, especially in high risk patients. however, some of the problems concerning the application and interpretation of those methods, indicate a need for more rapid, practical and reliable tests with high sensitivity and specificity. this study was conducted to compare the results obtained by molecular methods with the results of conve ... | 2011 | 21644076 |
| detection of characteristic metabolites of aspergillus fumigatus and candida species using ion mobility spectrometry - metabolic profiling by volatile organic compounds. | volatile metabolites of aspergillus fumigatus and candida species can be detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). a multi-capillary column - ion mobility spectrometer (mcc-ims) was used in this study to assess volatile organic compounds (vocs) in the headspace above a. fumigatus and the four candida species candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata and candida tropicalis in an innovative approach, validated for a. fumigatus and c. albicans by gc/ms analyses. for t ... | 2011 | 21668516 |
| caspofungin: when and how? the microbiologist's view. | the echinocandins are antifungal agents, which act by inhibiting the synthesis of +¦-(1,3)-d-glucan, an integral component of fungal cell walls. caspofungin, the first approved echinocandin, demonstrates good in vitro and in vivo activity against a range of candida species and is an alternative therapy for aspergillus infections. caspofungin provides an excellent safety profile and is therefore favoured in patients with moderately severe to severe illness, recent azole exposure and in those who ... | 2011 | 21668518 |
| invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit: a multicentre, prospective, observational study in italy (2006-2008). | critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (icu) are highly susceptible to healthcare-associated infections caused by fungi. a prospective sequential survey of invasive fungal infections was conducted from may 2006 to april 2008 in 38 icus of 27 italian hospitals. a total of 384 fungal infections (318 invasive candida infections, three cryptococcosis and 63 mould infections) were notified. the median rate of candidaemia was 10.08 per 1000 admissions. in 15% of cases, the infection ... | 2011 | 21668521 |
| antifungal efficacy of propolis against fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata isolates obtained from women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. | | 2011 | 21669419 |
| candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of hiv-infected women in salvador, bahia, brazil. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is the second most common vaginal infection. hiv-infection is a risk factor for this infection. | 2011 | 21670924 |
| pharmacodynamics of echinocandins against candida glabrata: requirement for dosage escalation to achieve maximal antifungal activity in neutropenic hosts. | candida glabrata is a leading cause of disseminated candidiasis. the echinocandins are increasingly used as first-line agents for the treatment of patients with this syndrome, although the optimal regimen for the treatment of invasive candida glabrata infections in neutropenic patients is not known. we studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin, anidulafungin and caspofungin in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated candida glabrata infection to gain a further insight in ... | 2011 | 21807969 |
| [the yeast community associated with the digestive tract of the german cockroach blattella germanica l]. | data on the yeasts colonizing the digestive tract ofa german cockroach have been first obtained. cockroach cultures are used in the commercial production of allergy vaccines to treat patients sensitized to cockroach allergens. the enteric microflora of the insects can bring nonshared antigens into the composition of the agents manufactured. an investigation established that out of 10 yeast species isolated from the digestive tract of the cockroaches fed sterile food, 6 species (candida glabrata, ... | 2011 | 21797061 |
| prevalence and antifungal susceptibility patterns of new cryptic species inside the species complexes candida parapsilosis and candida glabrata among blood isolates from a spanish tertiary hospital. | objectives there is scarce information on the clinical relevance and antifungal susceptibility of candida bracarensis, candida nivariensis, candida orthopsilosis and candida metapsilosis. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of these cryptic species among 173 blood isolates previously identified as candida glabrata or candida parapsilosis at the hospital of cruces (barakaldo, spain). the survey was extended to 518 clinical isolates from ... | 2011 | 21795259 |
| selection of resistant fungi in liver transplant recipients during use of newer antifungal agents - a report of two cases. | introduction: because invasive fungal infections cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients, the use of antifungal prophylaxis, and the early empirical use of antifungal agents, is widespread on liver transplant units. the new-generation azoles such as voriconazole and the echinocandins have been welcome additions to the antifungal armamentarium. these agents have become the leading options for prophylaxis in liver transplant units, despite the absence of strong da ... | 2011 | 21779617 |
| a scoring model of factors associated with candida glabrata candidemia among critically ill patients. | candida species, including candida glabrata (cg), are common causes of bloodstream infections among intensive care unit (icu) patients. many cg isolates have decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. constructing a scoring model of factors associated with cg candidemia in icu patients that can be used if fluconazole susceptibility testing is not readily available. we identified patients with candidemia that were admitted to the icu of the mayo clinic in rochester, minnesota from 1998 to 2006. usi ... | 2011 | 21777296 |
| identification and differential gene expression of adhesin-like wall proteins in candida glabrata biofilms. | an important initial step in biofilm development and subsequent establishment of fungal infections by the human pathogen candida glabrata is adherence to a surface. adherence is mediated through a large number of differentially regulated cell wall-bound adhesins. the fungus can modify the incorporation of adhesins in the cell wall allowing crucial adaptations to new environments. in this study, expression and cell wall incorporation of c. glabrata adhesins were evaluated in biofilms cultured in ... | 2011 | 21769633 |