| a novel, non-invasive promoter probe vector: cloning of the osmoregulated prou promoter of escherichia coli k12. | we have constructed a novel promoter probe plasmid psb40, containing a unique lac-alpha-tetracycline marker gene tandem, which allows for both positive and negative selection of active promoters. promoters cloned in psb40 can be readily mobilized as ecori cassettes. using this vector we have performed a non-invasive analysis of the e. coli chromosome for promoters regulated by osmotic upshift. only one such promoter, subsequently identified as part of the prou operon, was isolated. a sequence of ... | 1989 | 2691837 |
| reactivity between monoclonal anti-hla-b27 antibodies and bacterial components: is there a consensus of findings? | studies addressing the molecular aspects of the postulated cross-reactivity between the hla-b27 antigens and the bacteria known to precipitate arthritis (e.g., shigella, salmonella, yersinia and campylobacter) are reviewed. in conclusion, the necessity for further research into the pathogenesis of arthritis is stressed. | 1989 | 2692129 |
| [field trials with an oral cell-free vaccine made from shigella flexneri]. | the data on the study of the reactogenicity, safety and prophylactic potency of a new acellular vaccine prepared from s. flexneri 2a antigenic complexes are presented. according to the results of two epidemic experiments, the vaccine, introduced by oral administration, showed low reactogenicity, safety and sufficient prophylactic potency. the vaccine decreased morbidity rate in dysentery caused by s. flexneri 2a and ensured the protection of 74% (72-80%) of the vaccinees. the complete course of ... | 1989 | 2692352 |
| the protective effect of human milk against diarrhea. a review of studies from bangladesh. | field studies conducted in bangladesh in collaboration with laboratory studies in goteborg, bethesda and atlanta were directed toward identifying specific enteric infections in infants influenced by breastfeeding. the international centre for diarrheal disease research set up at the dhaka hospital examined 4000 children under 5 with diarrhea between march 1980 and february 1982. breast feeding is the preferred feeding method in this population, and is extended into the 2nd and 3rd years in the ... | 1989 | 2692384 |
| production of vero cytotoxin by escherichia coli and shiga toxin by shigella dysenteriae 1 as related to the growth medium and availability of iron. | six strains of escherichia coli producing vero cytotoxin (vtec) and six strains of shigella dysenteriae 1 were examined for the production of extra- and intracellular vero cytotoxin (vt) and shiga toxin respectively, in relation to the growth medium and availability of iron. vtec secreted less extracellular vt1 or vt2 when grown in trypticase soy broth (tsb) containing the iron chelator desferal, as compared to bacteria cultured in iron replete tsb. growth in tsb containing desferal resulted in ... | 1989 | 2692581 |
| the role of proteae in diarrhea. | a survey was undertaken on the occurrence of protease in the human fecal flora and its coincidence with other well-documented enteropathogens such as campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia, protozoa and rotavirus. a total of 2000 fecal specimens was investigated, 1000 from patients suffering from diarrhea and 1000 from healthy persons which served as controls. proteus mirabilis was isolated more frequently from diarrhea cases than from healthy people. the difference ... | 1989 | 2692584 |
| incidence of sporadic infections due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in the population of hamburg, north germany. | in two studies (1982 and 1985/86), the presence of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) and other enteropathogenic bacteria was investigated in 779 stool specimens from children and adults with and without diarrhoeal disease. etec was isolated from 2% of diseased children and 1.6% of adult patients, but also from 0.5% of asymptomatic persons. mixed infections with two different etec strains or with other enteropathogenic bacteria were identified in 4 of 9 infected persons. the etec strains belonged to ... | 1989 | 2692585 |
| [clinical trial of t-3262 on acute enteritis. japan research committee of t-3262, research group for acute infectious enteritis]. | for the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on acute infectious enteritis (bacillary dysentery, and enteritis caused by salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., enteropathogenic e. coli, and so on), t-3262, a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 136 patients and carriers. in addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of t-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (na), pipem ... | 1989 | 2693541 |
| [clinical trial of t-3262 (tosufloxacin tosilate) on salmonella enteritis, and fecal drug concentration and change in the fecal microflora in the acute diarrheal patients. japan research committee of t-3262, research group for acute infectious enteritis]. | for the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on salmonella enteritis, t-3262 (tosufloxacin tosilate), a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 103 patients and carriers. in addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of t-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (na), pipemidic acid (ppa), enoxacin (enx), norfloxacin (nflx) and ofloxacin (oflx). and when t-3262 was administ ... | 1989 | 2693543 |
| intestinal permeability assessed with polyethylene glycols in children with diarrhea due to rotavirus and common bacterial pathogens in a developing community. | intestinal permeability was assessed with different-sized polyethylene glycols (peg 400 and peg 1,000) in small children with acute diarrhea. all children with acute diarrhea absorbed and excreted less peg of all molecular sizes into the urine when compared with healthy control children (p less than 0.001). children with acute rotavirus infection excreted significantly less peg of all sizes than children with shigella, salmonella, and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) infection (p less th ... | 1989 | 2693681 |
| general considerations in the management of typhoid fever and dysentery. | typhoid fever is diagnosed on the basis of isolation of salmonella typhi from blood, bone marrow, or bile. s. typhi found in stool or urine may reflect chronic asymptomatic carriage. although antimicrobial therapy may not eliminate carriage, it is effective for the treatment of clinically evident acute disease. among the drugs currently available, chloramphenicol is the most widely used. chloramphenicol is effective and inexpensive, but it is associated with a 3% rate of chronic carriage, a high ... | 1989 | 2694338 |
| a randomized, controlled, single-blind study comparing furazolidone with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the empirical treatment of acute invasive diarrhea. | an outpatient study of 125 children with acute invasive diarrhea was conducted at the hospital infantil de mexico federico gomez. through a single-blind randomization, we compared the efficacy of furazolidone, 7.5 mg/kg/day (49 patients), with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 8 mg/40 mg/kg/day (52 patients), each given for 5 days. a control group of 24 patients received no antimicrobials. stool samples were collected from all patients at the time of admission, and active drugs were admin ... | 1989 | 2694343 |
| a comparison of furazolidone and ampicillin in the treatment of invasive diarrhea. | a single-blind, parallel, randomized study comparing the efficacy of furazolidone and ampicillin in the treatment of children with acute invasive diarrhea was conducted among outpatients at the hospital general de ciudad nezahualcoyotl in mexico between august 1986 and october 1987. seventy-eight patients were admitted to the study; 39 were randomized to receive furazolidone (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days), and 39 were randomized to receive ampicillin (100 mg/kg/day for 5 days). the enteropathogens shi ... | 1989 | 2694344 |
| [the role of the antilysozyme activity of shigella flexneri as a factor controlling the degree of its resistance to the lytic action of bacteriophages]. | the level of the antilysozyme activity of s. flexneri in ensuring the high level of their phage resistance has been studied. the realization of the phage protective effect of antilysozyme activity has been noted to occur due to disturbances in the lysis of infected bacteria by phage-synthetized lysozyme-like enzyme. the direct relationship between the level of the lysozyme production of bacteriophages and their capacity for overcoming the antilysozyme protection of the host bacterium has been sh ... | 1989 | 2694689 |
| [the plasmid heterogeneity of shigella sonnei phase-i and -ii strains]. | the plasmid composition of s. sonnei standard strains has been studied by the method of electron microscopy of the preparations of plasmid dna. in s. sonnei cells i-941-hp, phase i, plasmids of 2,500; 5,000; 5,600; 6,100 and 6,800 base pairs, as well as plasmids of 85,000-117,000 and 170,000-235,000 base pairs have been detected. in s. sonnei cells, phase ii, plasmids of 2,500; 4,900 and 6,100 base pairs, as well as plasmids of 85,000-109,000 base pairs, have been found. thus, virulent s. sonnei ... | 1989 | 2694691 |
| [shigellosis in the ussr: the etiological role of shigella dysenteriae]. | the etiological role of s. dysenteriae in shigella infections at different territories of the ussr in 1983-1987 is analyzed. the study shows that s. dysenteriae pertain to territories with unfavorable water supply of the population. at some of these territories, in particular the uzbek ssr, grigor'ev-shiga dysentery seems to gain ground and the restoration of the area of its spread occurs. in recent years the penetration of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery from abroad became more frequent in the presen ... | 1989 | 2694693 |
| [interleukin-1-inducing activity of the polysaccharide-containing antigens of the cell wall in yersinia pestis]. | the induction of the synthesis of interleukin-1 (il-1) in human monocytes under the influence of the endotoxic preparations (lps) and y. pestis basis somatic antigen has been experimentally studied. the results obtained in this study make it possible to come to the conclusion that the capacity of the endotoxin of y. pestis cell wall, consisting of lps of type r, for inducing the synthesis of il-1 in human monocytes is not different from the corresponding capacity of salmonella and shigella lps, ... | 1989 | 2694696 |
| [drug resistance of the causative agent of grigo'rev-shiga dysentery (shigella dysenteriae 1)isolated in the ussr]. | forty strains of s. dysenteriae 1 isolated in the ussr within 1986-1988 were tested for their resistance to 11 antibacterial drugs. it was shown that 92.5-97.5 per cent of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (cm) and tetracycline (tc), 22.5 per cent to streptomycin (sm), 17.5 per cent to nalidixic acid (nal) and 10 per cent to ampicillin (ap) and polymyxin (pm). resistance to cm tc (51.4 per cent) and cm tc nal (13.5 per cent) represented the predominating phenotype. 35 per cent of th ... | 1989 | 2694989 |
| [resistance of shigella to antibiotics]. | antibiotic sensitivity of 104 shigella clinical strains and 104 escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with acute dysentery not treated with antibiotics in 1986-1987 was studied. it was shown that 100 per cent of the dysentery pathogens and colon bacilli were antibiotic resistant. strains resistant simultaneously to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin and kanamycin were the most frequent among the dysentery pathogens. colon bacilli and dysentery pathogens ... | 1989 | 2694990 |
| extra-intestinal manifestations of shigellosis. | | 1989 | 2695518 |
| [molecular pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella flexneri]. | | 1989 | 2695659 |
| evidence for clathrin mobilization during directed phagocytosis of shigella flexneri by hep2 cells. | the enteroinvasive species shigella flexneri expresses a plasmid-mediated capacity to penetrate epithelial cells by directed phagocytosis involving actin polymerization. in the present work, hep2 cells were depleted of intracellular k+ in order to arrest receptor-mediated endocytosis and to evaluate the role of this endocytic pathway in the internalization of invasive microorganisms. such a treatment, which efficiently inhibited diphtheria toxin endocytosis and dissociated clathrin coats of the ... | 1989 | 2695740 |
| multi-gene amplification: simultaneous detection of three virulence genes in diarrhoeal stool. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and shigella account for a substantial proportion of acute diarrhoeal illnesses among third-world children. rapid detection of these infectious agents in faeces followed by the prompt implementation of public health measures could help reduce their spread during the early phase of epidemics. towards this end, three pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were prepared and shown to hybridize specifically to the genes encoding the heat-stable (st) and the ... | 1989 | 2695745 |
| fulminating encephalopathy associated with shigella flexneri. | | 1989 | 2696551 |
| [clinico-morphological criteria of diagnosis of dysentery and salmonella infections]. | clinical symptoms and laboratory findings have been evaluated for 108 patients with intestinal infection associated with apparent colitic syndrome. differential diagnosis between dysentery and salmonellosis was not an easy task even though clinical signs of the diseases appeared different. dysentery ran with tenesmus, sigmoid pain and spasms. symptoms of gastritis, intoxication, dehydration, hepatomegaly predominated in salmonellosis. in obscure cases colonic biopsy can be helpful due to high se ... | 1989 | 2696830 |
| regulation of virulence genes in shigella. | shigella pathogenicity is a multi-genic phenomenon involving the participation of genes on both the 230 kilobase virulence plasmid and the chromosome. a key feature of the regulation of shigella virulence is its response to growth temperature. genes in the virulence regulon are fully expressed at 37 degrees c, the normal temperature of shigella's mammalian host, and the regulon is repressed at lower temperatures. virulence gene expression is regulated in both a positive and a negative fashion by ... | 1989 | 2696859 |
| [the epidemiological investigation on diarrhea caused by bacteria in fujian province]. | surveillance of diarrhea was conducted in five villages of fujian province with a total population of 20,488 from may 1986 to april 1987 and 14,168 cases of diarrhea were reported during this period, averaging 0.69 time per person, and the incidence in children under five years old being 2.25 times higher. 16 kinds of pathogens were isolated. etec was the most common and shigella the next. the isolation rate was 44.03%. it was shown that the incidence of diarrhea was closely related with income, ... | 1989 | 2697540 |
| transferable trimethoprim resistance of shigellae encountered in vellore (south india). | shigella flexneri and sh. shigae which are the two most common shigellae encountered in vellore (south india) were found to exhibit resistance to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. eighty four per cent of this was high level resistance. transfer studies conducted with these strains indicated that this high level resistance is plasmid mediated. | 1989 | 2697688 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the ussr in recent years]. | the characterization of etiological structure of shigella infection in the whole of the ussr, in individual union republics and at a number of other administrative territories of the ussr in recent years is presented. s. flexneri has been shown to prevail at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population, and s. sonnei prevails at the territories with good water supply. at the former territories s. dysenteriae and s. boydii retain their etiological importance, while at the la ... | 1989 | 2698030 |
| [the role of delayed hypersensitivity in the development of an experimental dysentery infection and vaccinal process]. | the results of experiments, indicating the development of cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity (dh) skin reaction, its dependence on the virulence of shigella flexneri 2a, the dose and the character of the antigen used for testing the reaction, are presented. one of the immunologically active components of s. flexneri virulent strain 2a no. 516 is a biologically active thermolabile factor detected in filtrate and supernatant fluid. these data suggest that the immunosuppressive action of the vi ... | 1989 | 2698032 |
| disease problems in the third world. | the mean annual rate of decline of the probability of dying 5 years of age in developing countries is 2.5%. nevertheless disease accounts for a considerable proportion of premature deaths. the leading causes of death in these countries, in order, include respiratory disease, diseases of the circulatory system, low birth weight, diarrhea, measles, injuries, malnutrition, and neoplasms. these conditions represent diseases of poverty and affluence. respiratory infections are common among 5-year ... | 1989 | 2698079 |
| strategies for the development of vaccines for typhoid fever, shigellosis, and cholera. | | 1989 | 2698084 |
| [prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides in the gastrointestinal form of yersiniosis]. | in spite of the resemblance of the clinical picture of gastrointestinal yersiniosis and acute dysentery, material differences underlie the pathogenesis of these diseases. yersiniosis is marked by the predominance of an increase in the content of pgf2 alpha, whereas acute dysentery by an increase in the content of pge, which may be accounted for by greater intensity of the allergic manifestations in yersiniosis patients as compared with dysentery. shigellosis runs its course in the presence of th ... | 1989 | 2699095 |
| [the importance of immunofluorescence and cytologic indices in the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of dysentery]. | | 1989 | 2699099 |
| [development of antibiotic resistance of type 1 shigella dysenteriae strains (shiga bacillus) isolated in tananarive on the east coast of madagascar]. | from november 1988 to march 1989, 804 malagasy children stools were studied and 37 shigella strains isolated. 5 shigella dysenteriae type 1 from malagasy east coast (mananjary), presented a multiply resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. this last resistance has recently appeared in this area. | 1989 | 2699224 |
| [the effect of bacterial antigens on lymphocyte immune receptors in mice]. | it has been shown that the treatment of a suspension of lymphocytes obtained from spleens in mice by lps s. sonnei as well as by exotoxins cl. tetani and cl. botulinum has led to a notable reduction in the number of luminescent cells by comparison with control samples. the action of tested remedies was found to increase with their concentration. these was complete correlation between these results and the data obtained by the immunity rosette formation method. a reliable reduction was also noted ... | 1989 | 2699437 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies with diagnostic potential against shigella flexneri. | highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mcabs), 1am3, 2am1 and 2bm2 were produced and characterized against sh. flexneri 1a, 2a and 2b respectively. iam3 is an igg3 (lambda) type antibody reactive against whole bacteria or the lipopolysaccharide (lps) only; 2am1 is an igg1 (kappa) type antibody which reacts with the polysaccharide component of lps; 2bm2 is an igg3 (lambda) type antibody which binds with both the polysaccharide and protein/peptide components of the lps. the results indicate that s ... | 1989 | 2700207 |
| effect of accelerated natural lactic fermentation of infant food ingredients on some pathogenic microorganisms. | accelerated natural lactic fermentation in mixtures of water and ground sorghum, millet and pigeon pea was obtained by gradual selection of lactic acid bacteria, through inoculum recycling. weaning food prepared from ingredients fermented this way, contained approx. 0.7% lactic and 0.05% acetic acids and had a ph of about 3.8. in porridges, a ph of less than or equal to 4.0 was required to cause death of salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus. several intestinal pathogenic bacteria wer ... | 1989 | 2701696 |
| prevalence of salmonellae, shigellae and plesiomonas shigelloides in dogs in zaria, nigeria. | the prevalence of salmonellae, shigellae and plesiomonas shigelloides among 303 dogs in zaria was determined. salmonella serotypes including s. kofandoka, a new serotype, were recovered from three dogs giving a proportion of 1.0%. none of the dogs from which salmonellae were isolated was showing evidence of gastroenteritis at the time of presentation. neither shigella nor plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from any of the dogs. | 1989 | 2713638 |
| [results of a 30-year study of shigellae in a reference laboratory]. | in czechoslovakia in addition to the most frequent species of the genus shigella, s. sonnei, and in addition to serovars of s. flexneri which during the years of investigation accounted for 4-40% of all shigellae a small number of serovars of sub-groups a (s. dysenteriae) and c (s. boydii) were isolated. the european endemities of s. dysenteriae 2, s. boydii 1 and s. boydii 4 occur regularly and are mostly of local origin, while in europe uncommon serovars 3, 4, 7, 12 of s. dysenteriae and serov ... | 1989 | 2713904 |
| [a comparison of the dynamics of changes in large intestinal mucosa of acute dysentery patients with detection of a specific antigen in urine]. | the relationship between the elimination of shigellae from the body with urine and the dynamics of morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine of acute dysentery patients at the early convalescence period has been studied. the persistence of shigella antigen in acute dysentery patients and its elimination with urine is, as a rule, accompanied by local immune cell reaction in the mucous membrane of the large intestine. the antigen circulating in the body is a factor contri ... | 1989 | 2728706 |
| [anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic immunity, induced by the administration of an enterobacterial vaccine]. | the work demonstrates that the sera of animals immunized with enterobacterial vaccine, when adsorbed on sheep red blood cells sensitized with glycolipid re, lose their capacity of decreasing the lethal effect of shigella sonnei endotoxin, which is indicative of the antiendotoxic action of antibodies. at the same time, immune sera obtained after immunization with enterobacterial vaccine contain antibodies having also other specificity and thus ensuring antibacterial immunity. | 1989 | 2728708 |
| cryptosporidiosis in a day-care center. | cryptosporidiosis has typically been considered a disease of animals, and the occasional human case has been considered a rare zoonosis or evidence of immunoincompetence. in this report, person-to-person transmission is postulated for illness documented in two of five rooms of a day-care center. of 46 persons (34 children and 12 staff members), 29 (63%) became ill, and 27 (58.7%) had cryptosporidium in their stools. symptoms in children included diarrhea (55%), weight loss (25%), flatulence (15% ... | 1989 | 2734710 |
| [bile-thiosulfate broth--a medium for nourishing shigellae]. | | 1989 | 2735165 |
| enoxacin: in vitro efficacy and its future therapeutic role in the pakistani health-care system. | because laboratory microbiological diagnosis is not readily available for 80% of the total population of pakistan (120 million people), clinicians in large rural areas have been compelled to use several antibiotics in any individual case of resistant and severe infection. this practice has resulted in an increasing number of resistant strains, particularly those of salmonella, pseudomonas, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, staphylococcus, and shigella. also, multiple resistance to peni ... | 1989 | 2736569 |
| relationship between multiple drug-resistance & enterotoxin production by shigella species. | culture filtrates prepared with strains of shigella dysenteriae 1 and those of sh. flexneri and sh. sonnei, collected from different geographical locations in india caused accumulation of fluid in rabbit gut loops, indicating their capability to produce shiga and shiga-like toxins respectively. sh. boydii strains were noted for the first time to produce shiga-like toxins. the failure of production of fluid accumulation in rabbit gut by shigella strains that lacked the r-markers of the antibiotic ... | 1989 | 2737704 |
| evaluation of different plating media used in the isolation of salmonellas from environmental samples. | different serotypes of salmonellas were compared for selectivity and efficiency of recovery using 11 plating media. no optimal growth was obtained after 24 h incubation in any of the media, but after 48 h, brilliant green, brilliant green-phenol red-lactose-sucrose, bismuth sulphite, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate and hektoen enteric agars showed optimal recovery of all the salmonella serotypes. xylose-lysine-deoxycholate and brilliant green-phenol red-lactose-sucrose agars were the most selective m ... | 1989 | 2753839 |
| changing patterns in childhood gastroenteritis. | a study was made of gastroenteritis and the causal organisms in children under 14 years admitted to a large dublin isolation fever unit in 1987. the findings were compared with a similar study at the hospital in 1981. in 1621 admissions in 1987 (1770 in 1981), there was a significant drop in the incidence of e. coli (10.1% vs. 22.6% in 1981), salmonella spp. (3.0% vs. 4.9%) and shigella spp. (1.7% vs. 4.9%). cryptosporidium was identified in 4% of cases in 1987, mainly from rural backgrounds. th ... | 1989 | 2759824 |
| costs of treating diarrhoea in a children's hospital in mexico city. | the treatment received by children aged under 5 years with diarrhoea was studied in the hospital infantil de méxico (federico goméz), mexico city. the costs of treatment were calculated and estimates were made of how these had changed since the establishment of an oral rehydration unit in the hospital in 1985. the results indicate that drug treatment of outpatients was generally appropriate and inexpensive. in contrast, the cost of drugs for inpatients was considerably higher. the seriousness of ... | 1989 | 2766450 |
| diagnostic significance of the coagglutination reaction in patients with the diarrhoea syndrome. | specific soluble shigella, salmonella and yersinia enterocolitica antigens were determined in biological fluids (saliva, urine, coprofiltrate) from 268 patients with the diarrhoea syndrome using the coagglutination reaction. the findings suggest that the coagglutination reaction (coa) is a simple and efficient method suitable for the fast diagnosing of acute intestinal infection (aii) in the early days from the onset of the disease. coa enables the identification of specific antigens associated ... | 1989 | 2768820 |
| loss of virulence in shigella strains preserved in culture collections due to molecular alteration of the invasion plasmid. | fifty-two shigella strains long preserved by three japanese culture collections were examined for virulence. all of them were avirulent when judged by the focus-plaque assay and the ability to bind congo red. fifteen strains had a plasmid comparable in size to that responsible for epithelial invasiveness and were positive in hybridization tests with a probe derived from a plasmid cistron, virg. twenty-four strains had a similar plasmid but were negative in hybridization tests. the remaining 13 s ... | 1989 | 2770505 |
| antimicrobial activity of julifloricine isolated from prosopis juliflora. | antimicrobial activity of julifloricine, an alkaloid isolated from prosopis juliflora, was studied in vitro against 40 microorganisms which included 31 bacteria, two candida species, five dermatophytic fungi and two viruses. significant inhibitory effect was noted against gram positive bacteria. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. citreus, streptococcus pyogenes and sarcina lutea was 1 microgram/ml and against s. faecalis, s. pneumoniae, s. la ... | 1989 | 2775330 |
| purification of cross-reacting protein antigen shared by yersinia enterocolitica and other gram-negative bacteria with monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody against the yersinia enterocolitica 60-kilodalton (kda) antigen, designated cross-reacting protein antigen (crpa), was obtained by cell fusion. the crpa common to gram-negative bacteria was purified from y. enterocolitica by the affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (igg1) thus obtained. the purified crpa showed a single band of 60 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and reacted with rabbit antisera against y. enterocolitica, vibrio chol ... | 1989 | 2779474 |
| inhibition of enteropathogenic bacteria by human milk whey in vitro. | diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic bacteria is a leading cause of childhood mortality world-wide, particularly in less developed regions. breast-feeding has been advocated to protect infants and children from infectious illnesses. we examined the antibacterial activity of human whey in vitro against multiple strains of the following species of enteropathogenic bacteria, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei and vibrio cholerae, all is ... | 1989 | 2787902 |
| in vitro evaluation of lomefloxacin activity in colombia. | as part of the worldwide in vitro program to determine the antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, our study tested susceptibility of bacterial isolates from hospitals in medellin, colombia. a total of 504 bacterial isolates were obtained from patients at three different centers. for enterobacteriaceae, 0.5 micrograms/ml inhibited 100% of the indole-positive proteus and salmonella spp.; 1 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of shigella and citrobacter, 2 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of enterobacter spp., ... | 1989 | 2791498 |
| [the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals]. | the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ... | 1989 | 2791722 |
| screening of in vitro antibacterial activity of terminalia chebula, eclapta alba and ocimum sanctum. | study of in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts from the plants t. chebula, e. alba and o. sanctum was carried out by the disk diffusion technique. all showed such activity against human pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the activity against salmonella organisms was shown only by t. chebula; against shigella organisms by t. chebula and e. alha; but not by o. sanctum. the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity was shown by t. chebula. it was also most potent. the antiba ... | 1989 | 2793213 |
| [features of the formation of antibodies to heterologous antigens in experimental shigella infection in guinea pigs and mice]. | experimental shigellous infection in guinea pigs and mice is accompanied by the phenomena of immunomodulation. production of antibodies is stimulated with the primary and secondary immune response to ram erythrocytes or to ni-antigen of typhoid bacteria. simultaneously the suppression of the secondary immune response is observed. the immune-stimulating effect is demonstrated better on the models of shigellous keratoconjunctivitis and cystitis in guinea pigs and shigellous pneumonia in mice. immu ... | 1989 | 2796788 |
| microbial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in kuwait. | during a period of 15 months 621 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 152 control children were investigated for etiologic agents of the disease. putative enteropathogens were identified in 86% of the patients and 10% of the controls. common viral agents associated with gastroenteritis among children included rotaviruses (45%) and enteric adenoviruses (4%). bacterial pathogens infecting children were salmonella serotypes (24%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (9%), campylobacter ... | 1989 | 2797954 |
| in vitro activities of lomefloxacin and temafloxacin against pathogens causing diarrhea. | the in vitro activities of temafloxacin (a63004) and lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198) were compared with those of seven other antibiotics against 146 isolates of bacterial enteric pathogens, including campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. ciprofloxacin was the most active drug against the salmonella, shigella, yersinia, and vibrio spp. tested. lomefloxacin, temafloxacin, and difloxacin were the most active drugs tested against campylobacter spp. (mic for 90% of strains, 0.125 to 0.25 micro ... | 1989 | 2802563 |
| experimental studies on membrane permeability defects of drug-resistant bacteria. | multiply antibiotic-, lysozyme-and bacitracin-resistant, representative strains of staphylococci, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae were compared respectively with their parent cultures in respect of their membrane permeability as judged by fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, using a sensitive fluorescent probe. the cytoplasmic membrane of the drug-resistant mutants was found to be less fluid and permeable, compared to that from the sensitive wild types. the st ... | 1989 | 2807429 |
| in vivo formation of hybrid toxins comprising shiga toxin and the shiga-like toxins and role of the b subunit in localization and cytotoxic activity. | shiga toxin, shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) and shiga-like toxin ii (slt-ii) are cell-associated cytotoxins that kill both vero cells and hela cells, whereas shiga-like toxin ii variant (slt-iiv) is an extracellular cytotoxin that is more cytotoxic for vero cells than for hela cells. the basis for these differences in cytotoxin localization and host cell specificity were examined in this study. the a and b subunit genes of shiga toxin and the slts were recombined by two methods so that hybrid toxins ... | 1989 | 2807546 |
| purification of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins i and ii by receptor analog affinity chromatography with immobilized p1 glycoprotein and production of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 60r was purified to homogeneity by a novel one-step receptor analog affinity chromatography method. the method was based on the binding affinity of shiga toxin for a specific disaccharide, gal alpha 1----4gal, which was also present in glycoproteins with p1 blood group seroreactivity produced in hydatid cysts from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus. having shown that cyst fluid p1 glycoprotein bound shiga toxin on a solid phase, a p1 glycoprotein af ... | 1989 | 2807552 |
| in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates obtained in canada. | the in-vitro activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, gentamicin and, where appropriate, other antibiotics against recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. meropenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, indole-posit ... | 1989 | 2808216 |
| antibacterial activity of tigemonam dicholate (sq 30836) and interaction with beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria. | sq 30836 is an orally absorbed salt of tigemonam, a new monobactam similar to aztreonam in structure and microbiologic properties. when assayed against 400 clinical isolates, tigemonam's activity was similar to that of aztreonam and carumonam. it was highly effective against enterobacteriaceae but showed poor activity against gram-positive organisms. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia, proteus, providencia, and morganella strains at 0.5 micrograms/ml or less, an ... | 1989 | 2809698 |
| in vitro studies of tigemonam: a comparison of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mic vs mbc). | the in vitro activity of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam, was studied with special attention to minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs). against 250 clinical isolates, it inhibited 100% of escherichia sp., klebsiella sp., serratia sp., citrobacter sp., providencia sp., proteus sp., morganella sp., aeromonas sp., yersinia sp., shigella sp., and haemophilus sp. at 0.5 mg/l or less. with 1 mg/l, 75% of enterobacter sp. were inhibited; however, three ... | 1989 | 2809701 |
| acute diarrhoeal disease in india and indonesia. | acute diarrhoea is still a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity, second only to pneumonia as a killer of children, in india and indonesia. untreated diarrhoea precipitates malnutrition and is often the underlying cause of marasmus and kwashiorkor. shigella and salmonella dysenteries are responsible for about 60% of all cases in indonesia and india. these bacillary agents respond well to trimethoprim. amoebiasis responds well to metronidazole. most cases can be managed in the home, even ... | 1989 | 2814585 |
| etiology of acute childhood diarrhoea in calcutta. | of the 152 cases of acute diarrhoea, 124 (81.5%) revealed potential pathogens. altogether 27 (21.2%) out of 127 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter produced enterotoxin. single pathogenic bacteria (40 cases 26.3%), parasite (6; 6%), rota virus (6; 6%), toxigenic bacteria (19; 12.5%) and mixed agents (37; 24.24.3%) were recorded in 108 cases (71.0%). another 14 (9.2%) cases exclusively revealed moderate to heavy growth of suspected enteric p ... | 1989 | 2815324 |
| use of a rapid latex agglutination test to detect salmonella and shigella antigens from gram-negative enrichment broth. | the wampole bactigen salmonella-shigella is a latex agglutination test for rapid detection of salmonella and shigella from enteric enrichment broths. it is designed to identify those enrichment broths that require subculturing and eliminate further workup of negative broths. the authors compared the results of latex testing of gram-negative enrichment broths with culture results of the same broths. primary culture plates were also inoculated with each specimen. a total of 2,481 rectal and stool ... | 1989 | 2816823 |
| frequency of is1-mediated molecular events in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the numbers of chromosomal copies of the insertion sequence is1 in strains of salmonella typhimurium (0 to 8 copies), shigella sonnei (56 copies), and shigella flexneri (41 copies) isolated in mexico city, mexico, were similar to those reported for these genera isolated in other countries. of the 11 shigella strains studied, all carried several small plasmids; however, in only one of these strains did a small plasmid contain is1, is1 recombination, cointegrate formation mediated by is1 or by the ... | 1987 | 2822657 |
| [molecular and medical aspects of dna modification]. | | 1987 | 2823497 |
| isolation and characterization of is elements repeated in the bacterial chromosome. | shigella sonnei contains repetitive sequences, including an insertion element is1, which can be isolated as double-stranded dna fragments by dna denaturation and renaturation and by treatment with s1 nuclease. in this paper, we describe a method of cloning the is1 fragments prepared by the s1 nuclease digestion technique into phage m13mp8 rfi dna. several clones contained is1, usually with a few additional bases. we isolated and characterized five other repetitive sequences using this method. on ... | 1987 | 2824781 |
| genetic and physical characterization of trimethoprim resistance plasmids from shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | analysis of six shigella flexneri and four s. sonnei isolates with trimethoprim (tp) resistance from clinical cases in ontario has shown that, in all isolates, the tp resistance is mediated by gene(s) on conjugative, multiple antibiotic-resistance plasmids. the physical and genetic characterization of these plasmids revealed that there are three different tp resistance plasmids. one group, composed of all six s. flexneri plasmids, consists of plasmids which are about 70 megadaltons (mda) and inh ... | 1987 | 2825949 |
| identification of regions on a 230-kilobase plasmid from enteroinvasive escherichia coli that are required for entry into hep-2 cells. | certain strains of escherichia coli can cause an invasive diarrheal disease in humans which clinically resembles shigellosis. these strains share with shigella species the ability to enter and replicate within colonic epithelial cells and the ability to bind congo red dye in vitro when grown at 37 degrees c. like shigellae, they contain a large plasmid essential for virulence. a 230-kilobase (kb) plasmid from enteroinvasive e. coli was genetically marked with a transposon and mobilized into an e ... | 1988 | 2826335 |
| application of dna hybridization techniques in the assessment of diarrheal disease among refugees in thailand. | the epidemiology and etiology of acute diarrheal disease were determined in a hmong refugee camp on the thai-laotian border from april 11 to may 14, 1985. dna hybridization techniques were used to detect shigella species, enteroinvasive escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic e. coli. a monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect rotavirus, and standard microbiology was used to detect other enteropathogens. the age-specific diarrheal disease rates were 47 episodes per month per ... | 1988 | 2827459 |
| [mobilization of phase i plasmid in shigella sonnei and stability of its inheritance in rough strains of shigella and escherichia]. | the plasmid pss120, determining the synthesis of species specific i phase antigen of shigella sonnei is mobilized for genetic transfer into e. coli k12 recipient cells with the frequency 12-41%. the frequency depends on the type of mobilized plasmid and recipient strain. the i phase antigen is normally expressed in ii phase recipient cells and in e. coli cells. during mobilization pss120 forms cointegrates representing a recombinant of mobilizing and mobilized plasmids dna. the study of pss120 i ... | 1987 | 2828937 |
| [rotavirus infection in the older child and adult]. | rotaviruses were detected in 1.3% of more than 10,000 stool samples from children--older than 6 years--and adults. beside rotaviruses the main enteropathogenic agents found were salmonellae (6.3%) and campylobacter jejuni/coli (1.7%). similar as the rotavirus infection of infants, in adults symptoms and signs were nearly the same except that the disease was not so severe. a correlation of the rotavirus infection with certain behaviour or eating habits was not found. | 1987 | 2830184 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes for shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the structural genes for shiga toxin, designated stx a and stx b, were cloned from shigella dysenteriae type 1 3818t, and a nucleotide sequence analysis was performed. both stx a and stx b were present on a single transcriptional unit, with stx a preceding stx b. the molecular weight calculated for the processed a subunit was 32,225, while the molecular weight of the processed b subunit was 7,691. comparison of the nucleotide sequences for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) from escheric ... | 1988 | 2830229 |
| development and testing of invasion-associated dna probes for detection of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | genetic determinants of the invasive phenotype of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), two common agents of bacillary dysentery, are encoded on large (180- to 210 kilobase), nonconjugative plasmids. several plasmid-encoded antigens have been implicated as important bacterial ligands that mediate the attachment and invasion of colonic epithelial cells by the bacteria. selected invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes have recently been cloned from shigella flexneri serotype 5 int ... | 1988 | 2830310 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we studied 388 homosexual or bisexual men from the baltimore-washington area to define the spectrum of enteric pathogen carriage in a population at high risk for "gay bowel syndrome" in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. seventy-seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 68 gay men with symptoms of acute diarrhea or proctitis, and 243 gay men without gastrointestinal symptoms and participating in a natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus infection ... | 1988 | 2831107 |
| [incidence of rotavirus in the menino jesus pediatric hospital (sp): elisa--a practical and efficient method for its detection]. | seventy infants and children with age from 2 months to 4 years old were admitted to "hospital infantil menino jesus", in são paulo, brazil, in the period from march 1983 to june 1984 with acute diarrhea. feces from these patients were analysed in the search of rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria (shigella, salmonella and e. coli), for the purpose of defining the role of rotavirus as an agent of acute diarrhea in infants and young children in this country. elisa (enzyme-linked immuno sorbent ... | 1986 | 2831862 |
| distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria. | we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ... | 1988 | 2832380 |
| flanking and internal regions of chromosomal genes mediating aerobactin iron uptake systems in enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. | we have investigated the presence of the aerobactin system and the location of the aerobactin genes in enteroinvasive strains of escherichia coli. also, we cloned the aerobactin region and its flanking sequences from the chromosome of a strain of shigella flexneri and compared the molecular organization of the aerobactin genes in the two genera. of the 11 enteroinvasive e. coli strains studied, 5 possessed the aerobactin genes, which were located on the chromosome in each case. these strains pro ... | 1987 | 2832521 |
| a review of human salmonellosis: iii. magnitude of salmonella infection in the united states. | national surveillance for salmonella infections was established in 1962, following recognition of the importance of salmonella organisms as the cause of potentially preventable infectious disease in the united states. reports of infections due to salmonella have risen progressively to approximately 40,000 per year. in contrast, the parallel reporting system for infections due to shigella shows no such increase. because a passive surveillance system is used, it has been assumed salmonella infecti ... | 1988 | 2832925 |
| [activity of restriction endonuclease sso ii in escherichia coli strains transformed by shigella sonnei 47 plasmids]. | the inverse dependence of activity of restriction endonuclease ssoii preparations on the number of low molecular mass plasmids of shigella sonnei transforming escherichia coli recipient cells producing the enzyme has been shown. escherichia coli strain producing efficiently one of two shigella sonnei 47 restriction endonucleases ssoii has been isolated. the producer strain harbours two of the nine shigella sonnei 47 plasmids. one of them p4 codes for ssoii+ phenotype while the other p9 determine ... | 1987 | 2833695 |
| virulence-associated genetic regions comprising 31 kilobases of the 230-kilobase plasmid in shigella flexneri 2a. | by random transposon tn5 insertions, we previously identified six virulence-associated sali fragments, b, d, f, g, h, and p, in the 230-kilobase plasmid pmysh6000 of shigella flexneri 2a. in this study, we analyzed the sites of 134 independent tn5 insertions on four contiguous sali fragments, b, p, h, and d, of pmysh6000 and identified five virulence-associated regions; four were associated with inducing a positive sereny test (ser), invasion into epithelial cells (inv), binding to congo red (pc ... | 1988 | 2836357 |
| sequence analysis, expression, and conservation of escherichia coli uracil dna glycosylase and its gene (ung). | the complete nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli ung gene is described. transcription initiation and termination sites were determined by s1 nuclease and rnase mapping. the common prokaryotic -35, -10, and the ribosome binding site sequences are represented by tgttctgta, taagcta, and aggagag at their respective locations. a putative hairpin transcription terminator structure is present at the major transcription terminator sites. the open reading frame of the ung gene codes for a protein ... | 1988 | 2836397 |
| development of an auxotrophic oral live shigella flexneri vaccine. | an oral live attenuated shigella flexneri vaccine candidate strain was constructed by making it auxotrophic and dependent on aromatic metabolites not available in mammalian tissues. an arod gene of escherichia coli k12 strain nk 5131, inactivated by insertion in it of the tn 10 transposon, was transduced using phage p1 into a virulent s. flexneri serotype y strain (sfl 1) isolated from a patient with bacillary dysentery. one of the transductant strains sfl 114 was found to invade hela cells in v ... | 1988 | 2838986 |
| plasmid typing of shigella sonnei epidemic strains and molecular relationship of their r-plasmids. | we conducted a surveillance program on epidemic and/or endemic shigella strains in asturias (spain), their frequency and dispersion in our community, and their r-plasmids. we analyzed initial isolates of shigella sonnei from two epidemic outbreaks using antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile analysis as epidemiological markers. we found that the 2 outbreaks were caused by different s. sonnei strains, which respectively carried one and two r-plasmids together with other plasmids. the ... | 1988 | 2841150 |
| [prevalence of enteropathogenic agents in the acute diarrheal syndrome in hospitalized and outpatient children]. | | 1987 | 2841726 |
| dna probes for shiga-like toxins i and ii and for toxin-converting bacteriophages. | a set of dna probes has been developed to study the genes for shiga-like toxins (slt) and the bacteriophage from which these toxin genes were isolated. under stringent conditions of hybridization (80 to 90% homology), these probes detect strains containing (i) slt i-related genes, (ii) slt ii-related genes, (iii) phage sequences from the slt i-converting phage h19a/933j, and (iv) phage sequences from the slt ii-converting phage 933w. strain characterization by hybridization with the toxin gene p ... | 1988 | 2842369 |
| investigation of human stool samples from the cape verde islands (district santa cruz/santiago). | based on the rate of occurrence of diseases associated with diarrhoea, stool samples were also investigated; parasitologically, using the mifc-enrichment method for intestinal parasites; serologically, using elisa for rotavirus and bacteriologically for shigella and salmonella on the cape verde islands. 90% of the samples came from children aged between 6 and 14 years. entamoeba histolytica, the causal agent of amoebic dysentery was demonstrated in 17.4%, lamblia intestinalis in 28.7% and rotavi ... | 1988 | 2844628 |
| study of plasmid screening amongst pathogenic bacteria isolated in nigeria. | clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, yersinia spp. and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. approximately 80% of these strains harboured plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.0 to 45 x 10(6) daltons. | 1988 | 2845756 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the new oral macrolide azithromycin. | the in vitro activity of the new oral macrolide azithromycin was compared with that of erythromycin against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. ninety percent of hemolytic streptococci groups a and b, and streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml. activity of azithromycin was similar to that of erythromycin; erythromycin-resistant staphylococci and streptococci were not inhibited. azithromycin was more active than erythromycin against haemophilus inf ... | 1988 | 2846300 |
| rapid chemiluminescent nucleic acid assays for detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria. | two new assays for the detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated bacterial penicillin resistance were developed that involve the use of specific nucleic acid hybridization. both techniques are based on a solution-phase hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to the target dna sequence, solid-phase capture of the probe-target complex, and an amplified chemiluminescent labeling method. one configuration of hybridization probes detected the presence of tem-1 in neisseria gonorrhoeae (45 strains), ... | 1988 | 2846631 |
| localization of plasmid loci necessary for the entry of shigella flexneri into hela cells, and characterization of one locus encoding four immunogenic polypeptides. | we have previously cloned a 44 kb fragment from the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t which is capable of restoring invasiveness to an avirulent, plasmidless mutant. this report presents a genetic and physical analysis of tn5 mutations in recombinant clone phs4108. tn5 mutagenesis allowed identification of at least five regions implicated in the entry phenotype. these regions were located on a 20 kb portion of phs4108. expression of the insertion mutants was studied b ... | 1987 | 2846749 |
| metabolic events mediating early killing of host cells infected by shigella flexneri. | j774, a continuous macrophage cell-line, was infected by m90t, an invasive isolate of shigella flexneri serotype 5 and bs176, its non invasive derivative--which does not harbor the 220 kbase virulence plasmid pwr100. killing of host cells by intracellular m90t, commenced one hour after infection and was completed by 4 hours. intracellular bs176 did not kill cells during the same period. cell protein biosynthesis was totally inhibited by both strains within 2 hours of infection thus indicating th ... | 1987 | 2848171 |
| necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta. | lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ... | 1988 | 2850650 |
| human rotavirus infection enhances invasiveness of enterobacteria in ma-104 cells. | to study the interaction between common pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in humans, ma 104 cell cultures were infected with human rotavirus and salmonella typhimurium or shigella flexneri or enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) concomitantly. when ma-104 cells were preinfected with human rotavirus, invasiveness of s. typhimurium was significantly enhanced. the enhancement was evident after 48 h of virus preincubation. at this time virus specific antigens were demonstrated in the cell cult ... | 1988 | 2850823 |
| rotaviruses in infants with diarrhea studied by viral rna electrophoresis in ankara, turkey. | incidence of rotavirus in children under 2 years of age, admitted to 2 children's hospitals i n ankara, turkey, from july 1984-june 1985 was measured using viral rna electrophoresis in agarose gels. 375 children were selected at random from over 14,000 diarrhea admissions, and their stool specimens taken on admission were compared to those of 333 children without diarrhea. 61 (16.3%) of the diarrhea cases had detectable rotavirus, compared to 0% in controls. bacteriologic tests for salmonella ... | 1987 | 2851886 |