| photonic biosensor assays to detect and distinguish subspecies of francisella tularensis. | the application of photonic biosensor assays to diagnose the category-a select agent francisella tularensis was investigated. both interferometric and long period fiber grating sensing structures were successfully demonstrated; both these sensors are capable of detecting the optical changes induced by either immunological binding or dna hybridization. detection was made possible by the attachment of dna probes or immunoglobulins (igg) directly to the fiber surface via layer-by-layer electrostati ... | 2011 | 22163782 |
| Clinicopathologic correlation of epidemiologic and histopathologic features of pediatric bacterial lymphadenitis. | Infection is a common cause of lymphadenopathy in children and has numerous microbial etiologies. Lymph node biopsy is considered a keystone in arriving at a definite diagnosis. An accurate differential diagnosis from a lymph node biopsy can expedite diagnosis and minimize ancillary testing. | 2011 | 22032579 |
| Elevated AIM2-mediated pyroptosis triggered by hypercytotoxic Francisella mutant strains is attributed to increased intracellular bacteriolysis. | Intracellular bacterial pathogens Francisella novicida and the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) are recognized in the macrophage cytosol by the AIM2 inflammasome, which leads to the activation of caspase-1 and the processing and secretion of active IL-1ß, IL-18 and pyroptosis. Previous studies have reported that F. novicida and LVS mutants in specific genes (e.g. FTT0584, mviN and ripA) induce elevated inflammasome activation and hypercytotoxicity in host cells, leading to the proposal that F. novicida ... | 2011 | 21883803 |
| deletion of iglh in virulent francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica fsc200 strain results in attenuation and provides protection against the challenge with the parental strain. | francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious intracellular pathogen with no licensed vaccine available today. the recent search for genome sequences involved in f. tularensis virulence mechanisms led to the identification of the 30-kb region defined as a francisella pathogenicity island (fpi). in our previous itraq study we described the concerted upregulation of some fpi proteins in different f. tularensis strains cultivated under stress conditions. among the ... | 2011 | 21930232 |
| Genetic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (syn. F. asiatica) isolates from fish. | Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (syn. F. asiatica) (Fno) is an emergent fish pathogen that causes acute to chronic disease in a wide variety of freshwater, brackish and marine fish. Due to the emergent nature of this bacterium, established protocols to measure antimicrobial susceptibility are lacking. In this project we compare three different methods to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility (Etest, broth microdilution and disk diffusion) of 10 different isolates of Fno from two dif ... | 2012 | 21868177 |
| Human tularemia in France, 2006-2010. | Tularemia is an endemic but rare disease in France. We describe the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic aspects of the disease in 101 consecutive patients investigated during a 5-year period (2006-2010). | 2011 | 22002987 |
| association of different genetic types of francisella-like organisms with the rocky mountain wood tick (dermacentor andersoni) and the american dog tick (dermacentor variabilis) from localities near their northern distributional limits. | dermacentor andersoni and dermacentor variabilis from allopatric and sympatric populations near their northern distributional limits were examined for the presence of francisella species using molecular techniques that targeted 373 bp of the 16s ribosomal rna gene. although there was no evidence for the presence of francisella tularensis in any tick, francisella-like endosymbionts (fles) were common in d. andersoni and d. variabilis adults and immatures. a significantly greater proportion of fem ... | 2011 | 22179251 |
| [Oropharyngeal tularemia in beta lactam-resistant cervical lymphadenitis]. | This study aims emphasize oropharyngeal tularemia in the differential diagnosis of infected lymphadenopathy in the neck region. | 2011 | 21919830 |
| [Detection and identification of highly pathogenic bacteria within the framework of the EQADeBa project--Part I: Samples containing living pathogens]. | Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella sp., Bulkholderia mallei are B. pseudomallei are highly pathogenic bacteria of potential bioterrorism risk. To support the early warning and rapid response capacity to ensure an effective reaction to bioterrorist attacks the international project "Establishment of Quality Assurances for Detection of Highly Pathogenic Bacteria of Potential Bioterrorism Risk" (EQADeBa) has been established. The aim of the project was establishme ... | 2011 | 22184939 |
| identification of circulating bacterial antigens by in vivo microbial antigen discovery. | detection of microbial antigens in clinical samples can lead to rapid diagnosis of an infection and administration of appropriate therapeutics. a major barrier in diagnostics development is determining which of the potentially hundreds or thousands of antigens produced by a microbe are actually present in patient samples in detectable amounts against a background of innumerable host proteins. in this report, we describe a strategy, termed in vivo microbial antigen discovery (inmad), that we used ... | 2011 | 21846829 |
| Dermacentor andersoni transmission of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida reflects bacterial colonization, dissemination, and replication coordinated with tick feeding. | Ticks serve as biological vectors for a wide variety of bacterial pathogens which must be able to efficiently colonize specific tick tissues prior to transmission. The bacterial determinants of tick colonization are largely unknown, a knowledge gap attributed in large part to the paucity of tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. In this study, we demonstrated that Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, for which a complete two-allele transposon mutant library has been constructed, ini ... | 2011 | 21930762 |
| the acid phosphatase acpa is secreted in vitro and in macrophages by francisella spp. | francisella tularensis is a remarkably infectious facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. essential to f. tularensis spp. pathogenesis is its ability to escape the destructive phagosomal environment and inhibit the host cell respiratory burst. f. tularensis spp. encode a series of acid phosphatases, which have been reported to play important roles in francisella phagosomal escape, inhibition of the respiratory burst and intracellular survival. however, rigo ... | 2011 | 22184418 |
| francisella asiatica as the causative agent of piscine francisellosis in cultured tilapia (oreochromis sp.) in the united states. | francisella asiatica is a gram-negative, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular, bacterial pathogen that causes acute to chronic disease in a wide variety of warm-water cultured and wild fish species. outbreaks of francisellosis in warm water fish have been documented in taiwan, japan, united kingdom, hawaii, and latin america (including costa rica) but the organism has only been reported from the united states on one occasion from hybrid striped bass in california. in 2010, the bacterium was de ... | 2011 | 21908332 |
| Oropharyngeal tularemia mimicking tumoral relapse in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma in remission. | Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The clinical forms mostly depend on the port of entry into humans. Ingestion typically results in the oropharyngeal form and is associated with symptoms such as fever, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenitis, and suppuration. In this report, we describe a child treated for Hodgkin's disease presenting six years later with a left cervical lymphadenopathy mimicking a relapse. | 2011 | 21853659 |
| francisella tularensis reveals a disparity between human and mouse nlrp3 inflammasome activation. | pathogen-triggered activation of the inflammasome complex leading to caspase-1 activation and il-1β production involves similar sensor proteins between mouse and human. however, the specific sensors used may differ between infectious agents and host species. in mice, francisella infection leads to seemingly exclusive activation of the aim2 inflammasome with no apparent role for nlrp3. here we examine the il-1β response of human cells to francisella infection. francisella strains exhibit differen ... | 2011 | 21930705 |
| [detection of natural tularemia foci in mongolia]. | study of the current spread of natural tularemia foci in mongolia and its epizootic activity evaluation for consequent substantiation of the recommendations for prophylaxis of this disease. | 2011 | 22145346 |
| a broadly applicable approach to t cell epitope identification: application to improving tumor associated epitopes and identifying epitopes in complex pathogens. | epitopes are a hallmark of the antigen specific immune response. the identification and characterization of epitopes is essential for modern immunologic studies, from investigating cellular responses against tumors to understanding host/pathogen interactions especially in the case of bacteria with intracellular residence. here, we have utilized a novel approach to identify t cell epitopes exploiting the exquisite ability of particulate antigens, in the form of beads, to deliver exogenous antigen ... | 2011 | 21872603 |
| genetic modification of the o-polysaccharide of francisella tularensis results in an avirulent live attenuated vaccine. | background. francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly virulent microbe. one significant virulence factor of f. tularensis is the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) portion of the organism's lipopolysaccharide.methods. a wzy (o-antigen polymerase) deletion mutant of ft. live attenuated vaccine strain (ft.lvs), designated ft.lvs::δwzy, was created and evaluated as a live attenuated vaccine. specifically, the mutant's virulence potential and its protective efficacy against type a a ... | 2011 | 21969334 |
| a lysm and sh3-domain containing region of the listeria monocytogenes p60 protein stimulates accessory cells to promote activation of host nk cells. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection induces rapid and robust activation of host natural killer (nk) cells. here we define a region of the abundantly secreted lm endopeptidase, p60, that potently but indirectly stimulates nk cell activation in vitro and in vivo. lm expression of p60 resulted in increased ifnγ production by naïve nk cells co-cultured with treated dendritic cells (dcs). moreover, recombinant p60 protein stimulated activation of naive nk cells when co-cultured with tlr or cytokine ... | 2011 | 22072975 |
| requirement of the cxxc motif of novel francisella infectivity potentiator protein b fipb, and fipa in virulence of f. tularensis subsp. tularensis. | the lipoprotein encoded by the francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis locus ftt1103 is essential for virulence; an ftt1103 deletion mutant is defective in uptake and intracellular survival, and mice survive high dose challenges of greater than 10(8) bacteria. this protein has two conserved domains; one is found in a class of virulence proteins called macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) proteins, and the other in oxidoreductase disulfide bond formation protein a (dsba)-related proteins. we ... | 2011 | 21931773 |
| [two cases of tick-borne tularemia in yozgat province, turkey]. | tularemia which has a worldwide distribution, is a zoonotic infection caused by francisella tularensis. f.tularensis can infect a wide range of animals and can be transmitted to humans in a variety of ways, the most common being by the bite of an infected arthropod vector (usually tick) in the usa and europe. the clinical presentations have been classically divided into ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, pharyngeal, respiratory, and typhoidal tularemia depending on the route of transmis ... | 2011 | 22090307 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from humans in the central anatolia region of turkey. | to assess the in vitro susceptibility of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica biovar ii strains to 24 antimicrobial agents. | 2011 | 21856791 |
| mucosal immunization with an unadjuvanted vaccine that targets s. pneumoniae pspa to human fcγri protects against pneumococcal infection through complement- and lactoferrin-mediated bactericidal activity. | targeting an antigen to fc receptors (fcr) can enhance the immune response to the antigen in the absence of adjuvant. furthermore, we recently demonstrated that intranasal immunization with an fcγr-targeted antigen enhances protection against a category a intracellular mucosal pathogen, francisella tularensis. to determine if a similar strategy could be applied to the important pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae, we used an improved mucosal fcr-targeting strategy that specifically targets human f ... | 2011 | 22158740 |
| uncoupling of pyrin-only protein 2 (pop2)-mediated dual regulation of nf-κb and the inflammasome. | activation of transcription factor nf-κb and inflammasome-directed caspase-1 cleavage of il-1β are key processes in the inflammatory response to pathogen or host-derived signals. pyrin-only proteins (pops) are restricted to old world monkeys, apes, and humans and have previously been shown to impair inflammasome assembly and/or nf-κb p65 transcriptional activity in transfected epithelial cells. however, the biological role of pop2 and the molecular basis for its observed functions are not well u ... | 2011 | 21976665 |
| mannich reaction derivatives of novobiocin with modulated physiochemical properties and their antibacterial activities. | synthetic derivatives of the natural product antibiotic novobiocin were synthesized in order to improve their physiochemical properties. a mannich reaction was used to introduce new side chains at a solvent-exposed position of the molecule, and a diverse panel of functional groups was evaluated at this position. novobiocin and the new derivatives were tested for their binding to gyrase b and their antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, francisella tul ... | 2011 | 21871799 |
| identification and subtyping of francisella by pyrosequencing and signature matching of 16s rdna fragments. | to analyse the v1 region of the 16s rdna gene by a universal pyrosequencing protocol to identify and subtype francisella in 31 strains from a repository collection and 96 patient isolates. | 2011 | 21967285 |
| [evaluation of tularemia cases originated from central anatolia, turkey]. | tularemia is an infection caused by francisella tularensis with a worldwide distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. in recent years, tularemia cases are increasing in turkey, with a special attention to marmara, western blacksea and central anatolia regions. the aim of this study was to evaluate tularemia cases admitted to our hospital during an outbreak emerged at central anatolia between december 2009 and september 2010, making a point for the disease. a total of 32 patients (17 fema ... | 2011 | 22090310 |
| antibodies for biodefense. | potential bioweapons are biological agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) at risk of intentional dissemination. biodefense, defined as development of therapeutics and vaccines against these agents, has seen an increase, particularly in the us following the 2001 anthrax attack. this review focuses on recombinant antibodies and polyclonal antibodies for biodefense that have been accepted for clinical use. these antibodies aim to protect against primary potential bioweapons, or category a agents a ... | 2011 | 22123065 |
| a case of tularemia in a patient with cavitary pneumonia and skin lesions. | tularemia is a worldwide zoonosis caused by francisella tularensis. the most frequent forms of tularemia are ulceroglandular, followed for typhoidal forms, glandular and oculoglandular. respiratory involvement is an uncommon presentation. cutaneous lesions secondary to respiratory infections occur in 30% of cases. we present a case of tularemia with cavitary pneumonia and skin lesions. | 2011 | 22005344 |
| a francisella tularensis schu s4 mutant deficient in γ-glutamyltransferase activity induces protective immunity: characterization of an attenuated vaccine candidate. | francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen which causes tularaemia. there is no licensed vaccine currently available for prophylaxis. the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) encoded by the ggt gene has been shown to be important for the intracellular survival of f. tularensis. in this study we have constructed a ggt deletion mutant in the highly virulent f. tularensis strain schu s4. characterization of the mutant strain confirmed the function of ggt, and confirmed the role of ggt in cystei ... | 2011 | 21852349 |
| immunoproteomic analysis of the human antibody response to natural tularemia infection with type a or type b strains or lvs vaccination. | francisella tularensis is pathogenic for many mammalian species including humans, causing a spectrum of diseases called tularemia. the highly virulent type a strains have associated mortality rates of up to 60% if inhaled. an attenuated live vaccine strain (lvs) is the only vaccine to show efficacy in humans, but suffers several barriers to licensure, including the absence of a correlate of protection. an immunoproteomics approach was used to survey the repertoire of antibodies in sera from indi ... | 2011 | 21873113 |
| the class a β-lactamase ftu-1 is native to francisella tularensis. | the class a β-lactamase ftu-1 produces resistance to penicillins and ceftazidime but not to any other β-lactam antibiotics tested. ftu-1 hydrolyzes penicillin antibiotics with catalytic efficiencies of 10(5) to 10(6) m(-1) s(-1) and cephalosporins and carbapenems with catalytic efficiencies of 10(2) to 10(3) m(-1) s(-1), but the monobactam aztreonam and the cephamycin cefoxitin are not substrates for the enzyme. ftu-1 shares 21 to 34% amino acid sequence identity with other class a β-lactamases ... | 2011 | 22083489 |
| ultrahigh resolution and full-length pilin structures with insights for filament assembly, pathogenic functions, and vaccine potential. | pilin proteins assemble into type iv pili (t4p), surface-displayed bacterial filaments with virulence functions including motility, attachment, transformation, immune escape, and colony formation. however, challenges in crystallizing full-length fiber-forming and membrane protein pilins leave unanswered questions regarding pilin structures, assembly, functions, and vaccine potential. here we report pilin structures of full-length dnfima from the sheep pathogen dichelobacter nodosus and ftpile fr ... | 2011 | 22027840 |
| A Typical Preparation of Francisella tularensisO-Antigen Yields a Mixture of Three Types of Saccharides. | Tularemia is a severe infectious disease in humans caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft). Because of its low infectious dose, high mortality rate, and the threat of its large-scale dissemination in weaponized form, development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics against Ft is essential. Ft lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which contains the linear graded-length saccharide component O-antigen (OAg) attached to a core oligosaccharide, has been reported as a protective antigen. ... | 2011 | 22091710 |
| changes in the repertoire of natural antibodies caused by immunization with bacterial antigens. | the repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies in naïve chickens and in chickens immunized with bacteria burkholderia mallei, burkholderia pseudomallei, and francisella tularensis as well as with peptides from an outer membrane protein of b. pseudomallei was studied. a relatively restricted pattern of natural antibodies (first of all igy against bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan fragments, l-rha, and core n-acetyllactosamine) shrank and, moreover, the level of detectable antibodies decreased a ... | 2011 | 21999548 |
| gene expression following low dose inhalational francisella tularensis (schus4) exposure in balb/c mice and the potential role of the epithelium and cell adhesion. | interactions between francisella tularensis and the host are slowly being elucidated. microarray technology was used to further characterise the response of balb/c mice after inhalation of the virulent f. tularensis, schus4. the validated array data revealed changes in expression of 476 genes across a 96 h time course following infection (p ≤ 0.05). these data confirm down-regulation of the toll-like receptor pathway (tlr3, 4, 5, 7 and 8), and the induction of ifn-γ inducible genes (t-cell speci ... | 2011 | 22155623 |
| transmission efficiency of francisella tularensis by adult american dog ticks (acari: ixodidae). | the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (acari: ixodidae), has been implicated as a potential bridging vector to humans of francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia. since the initial studies evaluating vector competency of d. variabilis were conducted, f. tularensis has been subdivided into subspecies and clades that differ in their geographical distribution in the united states and in the severity of infections caused in humans. here, we demonstrate that d. variabi ... | 2011 | 21845949 |
| Tularemia in alaska, 1938 - 2010. | ABSTRACT: Tularemia is a serious, potentially life threatening zoonotic disease. The causative agent, Francisella tularensis, is ubiquitous in the Northern hemisphere, including Alaska, where it was first isolated from a rabbit tick (Haemophysalis leporis-palustris) in 1938. Since then, F. tularensis has been isolated from wildlife and humans throughout the state. Serologic surveys have found measurable antibodies with prevalence ranging from < 1% to 50% and 4% to 18% for selected populations of ... | 2011 | 22099502 |
| larval exposure to francisella tularensis lvs affects fitness of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. | francisella tularensis is an environmental bacterium capable of infecting a wide spectrum of species from mammals and birds to reptiles. it has been demonstrated that f. tularensis can invade and survive within protozoa, but an association with aquatic insects has not been thoroughly investigated. we examined the interaction of f. tularensis lvs biofilms and culex quinquefasciatus larvae to determine the effects on larvae and adults. our results demonstrate that f. tularensis lvs can form and pe ... | 2011 | 22066999 |
| Emergence of tularemia in France: paradigm of the Burgundy region. | We report three consecutive cases of tularemia occurring in Burgundy, France, a region previously considered not endemic for tularemia. The patients presented with varied and unspecific clinical manifestations. The epidemiological circumstances, especially the mode of contamination, were not particularly suggestive of tularemia. Serological diagnosis was delayed in two cases because of the lack of significant antibody titers at the time of admission. In contrast, a diagnosis could readily be obt ... | 2011 | 21975180 |
| Tularemia: a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. | | 2011 | 21934250 |
| [Mechanisms for the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the floodplain-river ecosystem of the Konda River in different periods of epizootic activity of an infection focus]. | The basis of the mechanism responsible for the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the infection foci in the interepizootic periods is their association with the morphological structure of the floodplain-river landscape of the Konda River. The landscape's facias and holes, which are common to the foci, are integrated, by predetermining the territorial combination. The formation of a closed trinomial Francisella tularensis parasite system integrating t ... | 2011 | 21932541 |
| discovery of a novel and potent class of f. tularensis enoyl-reductase (fabi) inhibitors by molecular shape and electrostatic matching. | enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase, fabi, is a key enzyme in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (fas ii). fabi is an nadh-dependent oxidoreductase that acts to reduce enoyl-acp substrates in a final step of the pathway. the absence of this enzyme in humans makes it an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. fabi is known to be unresponsive to structure-based design efforts due to a high degree of induced fit and a mobile flexible loop encompassing th ... | 2011 | 22098466 |
| [microbiological and clinical aspects of tularaemia.] | francisella tularensis belongs to the most important biological agents potentially applicable in biological warfare and bioterrorism. high virulence, easy and rapid spread among individual vectors, stability of the cells in aerosol and good penetration into the lungs make f. tularensis one of the most important biological warfare agents in both human and veterinary medicine. the text provides comprehensive data about tularaemia and outlines the fate of the pathogen in the host. special attention ... | 2011 | 22161752 |
| francisella halioticida sp. nov., a pathogen of farmed giant abalone (haliotis gigantea) in japan. | in 2005, a francisella sp. was isolated from diseased cultured giant abalone (haliotis gigantea) in japan. the aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic status of this francisella sp. shimane-1 isolate in relation to the four described francisella species. | 2011 | 21883728 |
| Macrophage replication screen identifies a novel Francisella hydroperoxide resistance protein involved in virulence. | Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of tularemia. Recently, genome-wide screens have identified Francisella genes required for virulence in mice. However, the mechanisms by which most of the corresponding proteins contribute to pathogenesis are still largely unknown. To further elucidate the roles of these virulence determinants in Francisella pathogenesis, we tested whether each gene was required for replication of the model patho ... | 2011 | 21915295 |
| culturability and persistence of francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (syn. francisella asiatica) in sea- and freshwater microcosms. | francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (syn. francisella asiatica), the causative agent of franciselliosis in warm-water fish, is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium. although it has been characterized as one of the most pathogenic bacteria in fish, the water conditions that allow for its survival and infectious capacities outside the fish host are not known. data obtained in this project indicate that both temperature and salinity are important factors in the culturability an ... | 2011 | 21881943 |
| The rhizome of life: the sympatric Rickettsia felis paradigm demonstrates the random transfer of DNA sequences. | The intracellular flea symbiont, Rickettsia felis, may meet other organisms intracellularly such as R. typhi. We used a single-gene phylogenetic approach of the 1375 R. felis genes to look for horizontal transfers that occurred as a result of the bacterial promiscuity with other organisms. Our results showed that besides genes that are linked to the Spotted Fever Group, 165 genes have a different history and are linked to other Rickettsia such as R. bellii (107 genes), R. typhi (15 genes), or to ... | 2011 | 22024628 |
| Molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation during microbial infections. | The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the rapid recognition and elimination of invading microbes. Detection of microbes relies on germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize essential bacterial molecules, so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A subset of PRRs, belonging to the NOD-like receptor (NLR) and the PYHIN protein families, detects viral and bacterial pathogens in the cytosol of host cells and induces the assembly of a multi-protei ... | 2011 | 21884176 |
| o-antigen deficient francisella tularensis live vaccine strain mutants are ingested via an aberrant form of looping phagocytosis and show altered kinetics of intracellular trafficking in human macrophages. | we have examined the uptake and intracellular trafficking of f. tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) and lvs with disruptions of wbtdef and wbti - genes essential for synthesis of o-antigen of lipopolysaccharide. unlike parental bacteria, o-antigen deficient lvs are efficiently killed by serum with intact complement, but not by serum lacking terminal complement components. opsonization of o-antigen deficient lvs in serum lacking terminal complement components allows efficient uptake of these liv ... | 2011 | 22202123 |
| Intracellular localisation and innate immune responses following Francisella noatunensis infection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) macrophages. | The facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella noatunensis causes francisellosis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), but little is known about its survival strategies or how these bacteria evade the host immune response. In this study we show intracellular localisation of F. noatunensis in cod macrophages using indirect immunofluorescence techniques and green fluorescent labelled bacteria. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that F. noatunensis was enclosed by a phagosomal membrane during ... | 2011 | 21896333 |
| the biochemical properties of the francisella pathogenicity island (fpi)-encoded proteins igla, iglb, iglc, pdpb and dotu suggest roles in type vi secretion. | the francisella pathogenicity island (fpi) encodes proteins thought to compose a type vi secretion system (t6ss) that is required for the intracellular growth of francisella novicida. in this work we used deletion mutagenesis and genetic complementation to determine that the intracellular growth of f. novicida was dependent on 14 of the 18 genes in the fpi. the products of the iglabcd operon were localized by the biochemical fractionation of f. novicida, and francisella tularensis lvs. sucrose g ... | 2011 | 21980115 |
| development of functional and molecular correlates of vaccine-induced protection for a model intracellular pathogen, f. tularensis lvs. | in contrast with common human infections for which vaccine efficacy can be evaluated directly in field studies, alternative strategies are needed to evaluate efficacy for slowly developing or sporadic diseases like tularemia. for diseases such as these caused by intracellular bacteria, serological measures of antibodies are generally not predictive. here, we used vaccines varying in efficacy to explore development of clinically useful correlates of protection for intracellular bacteria, using fr ... | 2012 | 22275868 |
| suppurative cervical adenopathy and pharyngeal mass due to tularemia unresponsive to medical treatment. | tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis. tularemia presents with various clinical forms, such as ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, and typhoidal tularemia forms. as an intracellular pathogen, f. tularensis causes granulomatous and suppurative lesions especially in the affected regional lymph nodes and various organs. tularemia is seen most commonly in the black sea and marmara regions of turkey. herein, we describe a girl with tularemi ... | 2011 | 22272458 |