| gram negative bacteria are associated with the early stages of necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) affects 5-10% of infants born weighing less than 1500 g. most models of nec recapitulate late-stage disease with gut necrosis and elevated inflammatory mediators. evaluation of nec at earlier, less lethal stages of disease will allow investigation of initial disease triggers and may advance our understanding of temporal relationships between factors implicated in nec pathogenesis. in this manuscript, we describe our investigation of early nec and test the hypothes ... | 2011 | 21445365 |
| [evaluation of the neonatal sepsis diagnosis: use of clinical and laboratory parameters as diagnosis factors]. | the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the clinical, laboratory and health care characteristics of newborns (nbs) with confirmed late onset sepsis and nbs with unconfirmed late sepsis, verify if there were any differences between the groups, and describe the germs prevalent in the studied neonatal unit. this is a descriptive study, involving 168 cases. it was observer that 33.3% had a confirmed diagnosis for late onset sepsis. the age at the time of sepsis onset, the length of sta ... | 2011 | 21445486 |
| [identification of bacterial contamination in liquid soap for hospital use]. | this study performed a bacteriological analysis of the liquid soap in dispensers that health professionals use for hand washing. this exploratory, cross-sectional study was developed at the hospitalization units of a medium-sized hospital in fortaleza, ceará, brazil. data were collected between may and july 2007. fifty-nine liquid soap dispensers were analyzed, of which 33 contained the following microorganisms: burkholderia cepacia (14), pseudomonas putidas (9), pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), kleb ... | 2011 | 21445502 |
| streptococcus mutans glnk protein: an unusual pii family member. | streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive bacterium present in the oral cavity, and is considered to be one of the leading causes of dental caries. s. mutans has a glnk gene, which codes for a pii-like protein that is possibly involved in the integration of carbon, nitrogen and energy metabolism in several organisms. to characterize the glnk protein of s. mutans, the glnk gene was amplified by pcr, and cloned into the expression vectors pet29a(+) and pet28b(+). the native glnk-sm was purified by a ... | 2011 | 21445525 |
| in vitro anti-bacterial and cytotoxic properties of silver-containing poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanofibrous scaffolds. | electrospinning has recently emerged as a leading technique for the formation of nanofibrous structures made of organic and inorganic components. in this study, nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared by electrospining a bend solution of poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) and silver nanoparticles in 1,1,1,3,3,3,-hexafluoro-2-propanol (hfip). the resulting fibers ranged from 420 to 590 nm in diameter. to evaluate the possibility of using silver-containing plga as a tissue engineering scaffold, exper ... | 2011 | 21446407 |
| effect of nano sized silver on electrospun nylon-6 fiber. | we incorporated silver nanoparticles into a nylon solution, fabricated electrospun nanofibers, and studied various parameters of the electrospun fibers. we found that the addition of silver nanoparticles introduces antibacterial effects into nylon composite fibers. the average fiber diameter and fiber morphology was greatly affected when parameters such as solution concentration and the amount of silver nanoparticles were changed. the composite fibers that we prepared have the potential to be us ... | 2011 | 21446458 |
| electrospun nano composites of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/ nano-silver for antibacterial materials. | poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (pvp) and nanosilver are promising candidates for biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy, respectively. in this research, three kinds of nanosilver particles (nsps) were prepared using the seed mediate growth method and added to electrospinning solutions. pvp/nsps composites were prepared by electrospinning of 10 wt% pvp solutions that contained nsps in ethanol. the electrospinability of pvp/nsps nanowebs in ethanol was invest ... | 2011 | 21446508 |
| zinc supplementation restores pu.1 and nrf2 nuclear binding in alveolar macrophages and improves redox balance and bacterial clearance in the lungs of alcohol-fed rats. | chronic alcohol abuse causes oxidative stress, impairs alveolar macrophage immune function, and increases the risk of pneumonia and acute lung injury. recently we determined that chronic alcohol ingestion in rats decreases zinc levels and macrophage function in the alveolar space; provocative findings in that zinc is essential for normal immune and antioxidant defenses. alveolar macrophage immune function depends on stimulation by granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor, which signals via ... | 2011 | 21447000 |
| [features of microbiocenosis of the large intestine in dysbiotic disorders]. | to determine features of intestinal microbiocenosis in dysbiosis as well as biological characteristics of isolated microflora in residents of orenburg city. | 2011 | 21449078 |
| a risk for returned travellers: the "post-antibiotic era". | | 2011 | 21449878 |
| risk factors and clinical significance of ertapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitalised patients. | ertapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (er-kp) is an emerging healthcare-associated pathogen. in order to identify risk factors associated with er-kp acquisition, the records of 100 patients from whom k. pneumoniae had been isolated between july 2008 and december 2009 were reviewed. these comprised 38 with er-kp (28 infected, 10 colonised) and 62 with ertapenem-susceptible k. pneumoniae (es-kp) (43 infected, 19 colonised). multilocus sequence typing (mslt) and porin gene investigation perform ... | 2011 | 21450365 |
| [resistance of enterobacteriaceae to carbapenems]. | carbapenems are the drugs of choice for the treatment of serious infections caused by esbl- and ampc-positive enterobacteriaceae. an increasing trend of resistance to these antibiotics has been observed recently. the aim of the study was to determine resistance to carbapenems in clinical isolates of the enterobacteriaceae family and its mechanism. | 2011 | 21452118 |
| rhinoscleroma: a retrospective study of pathologic and clinical features. | rhinoscleroma, a chronic granulomatous bacterial disease of the nasal mucosa that often extends through the lower respiratory tract, is caused by infection with the gram-negative bacillus klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (kr). we report the clinicopathology and histology associated with kr infection-induced rhinoscleroma in patients admitted to the beijing tongren hospital over a 30-year period. | 2011 | 21453653 |
| an atomic force microscopy study of galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii effect on bacteria. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is an abundant hemolymph protein involved in lipid transport and immune response in insects. as revealed by live/dead staining, incubation of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the presence of galleria mellonella apolp-iii led to growth inhibition of selected bacteria. an atomic force microscopy (afm) study of bacterial cells after apolp-iii treatment showed considerable alterations in the cell surface of bacillus circulans, klebsiella pneumoniae and salmon ... | 2011 | 21453676 |
| the activity of antimicrobial peptide s-thanatin is independent on multidrug-resistant spectrum of bacteria. | in this study, the activity of s-thanatin (an analog of antimicrobial peptide derived from thanatin) against different bacterial pathogens frequently which can cause therapeutic problems was tested. the result showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of s-thanatin against all isolates of the escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella ornithinolytica and klebsiella oxytoca were in the range of 4-16µg/ml, no matter which antibiotic the ... | 2011 | 21453736 |
| tim-3 ligand galectin-9 reduces il-17 level and accelerates klebsiella pneumoniae infection. | t cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (tim)-3 is expressed on activated cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. identification of galectin-9 as a ligand for tim-3 has now firmly established the tim-3/galectin-9 pathway, which results in apoptosis of effector cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. moreover, th17 cells are a recently discovered cd4(+) effector t cell, which are important in antimicrobial immunity. whether the tim-3/galectin-9 pathway affects th17 immunity has not been elucidated. here, we demonstrated ex ... | 2011 | 21453908 |
| antagonistic bacteria from live corals, tuticorin coastal waters, southeastern india. | the objective of this study is to isolate and production of secondary metabolites with bioactive substances by coral reef (acropora formosa and favia palida) associated bacteria was carried out from the tuticorin coastal waters, southeastern india. the isolated coral associated bacteria were found to have an antagonistic effect against 10 human pathogens. the pathogens were escherichia coli, shigella dysentriae, staphylococcus epidermidis, s. aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerogenosa ... | 2011 | 21454167 |
| antibiotic use and the risk of carbapenem-resistant extended-spectrum-{beta}-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae infection in hospitalized patients: results of a double case-control study. | to identify the roles of various antibiotics as risk factors for carbapenem-resistant extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (kp) infection (esbl-kp infection). | 2011 | 21454344 |
| plasma concentrations resulting from florfenicol preparations given to pigs in their drinking water. | florfenicol administered through the drinking water has been recommended as a metaphylactic antibacterial drug to control outbreaks of respiratory diseases in pigs caused by strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida, yet it is difficult to pinpoint in practice when the drug is given metaphylactically or therapeutically. further, pigs are likely to reject florfenicol-medicated water, and plasma concentrations of the drug are likely to be marginal for diseases caused by ... | 2011 | 21454858 |
| a coordinated synthesis and conjugation strategy for the preparation of homogeneous glycoconjugate vaccine candidates. | | 2011 | 21455919 |
| synthesis, spectroscopy and biological investigations of manganese(iii) schiff base complexes derived from heterocyclic ß-diketone with various primary amine and 2,2'-bipyridyl. | the mixed ligand mononuclear complex [mn(bipy)(hpmfp)(oac)]clo(4) was synthesized by reaction of mn(oac)(3)·2h(2)o with hpmfp and 2,2'-bipyridyl. the corresponding schiff base complexes were prepared by condensation of [mn(bipy)(hpmfp)(oac)]clo(4) with ethylenediamine, ethanolamine and glycine (where hpmfp=1-phenyl-3methyl-4-formyl-2-pyrazolin-5one, bipy=2,2'-bipyridyl). all the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductometry measurements and (1)h ... | 2011 | 21458364 |
| role of overcrowding in meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission: bayesian network analysis for a single public hospital. | the transmission of multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms (mros) in hospitals is affected by many inter-related factors. these include the background prevalence of the organism (burden), hand hygiene, the efficiency of patient screening, the isolation or cohorting of carriers, the quality of hospital cleaning, and bed occupancy. in addition, the prevalence of one mro may influence the transmission of another by occupying isolation beds, and thus reducing isolation resources for the latter. for ... | 2011 | 21459478 |
| ct appearance of pyogenic liver abscesses caused by klebsiella pneumoniae. | to retrospectively compare the computed tomographic (ct) features of liver abscesses caused by klebsiella pneumoniae with those caused by other bacterial pathogens. | 2011 | 21460028 |
| in vitro selection of ramr and soxr mutants overexpressing efflux systems by fluoroquinolones as well as cefoxitin in klebsiella pneumoniae. | the relationship between efflux system overexpression and cross-resistance to cefoxitin, quinolones, and chloramphenicol has recently been reported in klebsiella pneumoniae. in 3 previously published clinical isolates and 17 in vitro mutants selected with cefoxitin or fluoroquinolones, mutations in the potential regulator genes of the acrab efflux pump (acrr, ramr, rama, marr, mara, soxr, soxs, and rob) were searched, and their impacts on efflux-related antibiotic cross-resistance were assessed. ... | 2011 | 21464248 |
| immune response and pathophysiological features of klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses in an animal model. | capsular serotypes k1 and k2, the rmpa gene (a regulator of the mucoid phenotype) and aerobactin from klebsiella pneumoniae have been identified as the major virulence factors for pyogenic liver abscesses with high morbidity, mortality and severe complications. the pathological mechanisms remain unclear. in this study, we compared liver immune responses and pathological changes in response to different serotypes of k. pneumoniae infections. a mouse model was used to investigate cytokine and chem ... | 2011 | 21464821 |
| high-performance polylactide/zno nanocomposites designed for films and fibers with special end-use properties. | metallic oxides have been successfully investigated for the recycling of polylactide (pla) via catalyzed unzipping depolymerization allowing for the selective recovery of lactide monomer. in this contribution, a metallic oxide nanofiller, that is, zno, has been dispersed into pla without detrimental polyester degradation yielding pla/zno nanocomposites directly suitable for producing films and fibers. the nanocomposites were produced by melt-blending two different grades of pla with untreated zn ... | 2011 | 21466242 |
| oral antibiotics for infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. | we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefdinir, plus a combination of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefdinir by broth microdilution for mainly wound isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. e. coli and k. pneumoniae susceptibilities increased by combining amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefdinir. | 2011 | 21466257 |
| hydroalcoholic extract based-ointment from punica granatum l. peels with enhanced in vivo healing potential on dermal wounds. | the present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of punica granatum l. peels. a 5% (w/w) methanolic extract based-ointment was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing in guinea pigs. the ointment was applied in vivo on the paravertebral area of twelve excised wounded models once a day for 10 consecutive days. the ointment significantly enhanced the wound contraction and the period of epithelialization as assessed by the mechanical (contraction rate, tensil ... | 2011 | 21466954 |
| the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in brazil. | brazil is a country with continental proportions with high geographic and economic diversity. despite its medical centers of excellence, antimicrobial resistance poses a major therapeutic challenge. rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are up to 60% and are related to an endemic brazilian clone. local resistance to vancomycin in enterococci was first related to enterococcus faecalis, which differs from european and american epidemiology. also, local klebsiella pneumoniae and esch ... | 2011 | 21467020 |
| management of sepsis: a 47-year-old woman with an indwelling intravenous catheter and sepsis. | severe sepsis is the term used to describe the host response to infection when complicated by acute organ dysfunction. severe sepsis occurs in more than 750,000 individuals in the united states each year, with a hospital mortality of about 30%. although the classic presentation is of florid shock with frank hypotension, fever, and elevated white blood cell count, many patients can present with cryptogenic shock (shock without hypotension) with more subtle signs of vital organ compromise. using t ... | 2011 | 21467273 |
| community-acquired klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses--an "emerging disease" in australia. | | 2011 | 21470095 |
| multiplex pcr allows rapid and accurate diagnosis of bloodstream infections in newborns and children with suspected sepsis. | sepsis is a major health problem in newborns and children. early detection of pathogens allows initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy that strongly correlates with positive outcomes. multiplex pcr has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections, compensating for the loss of blood culture sensitivity. in an italian pediatric hospital, multiplex pcr (the lightcycler septifast test) was compared to routine blood culture with 1,673 samples obtained from 803 children with suspec ... | 2011 | 21471340 |
| pyogenic liver abscess: an audit of 10 years' experience. | to describe our own experience with pyogenic liver abscesses over the past 10 years and investigate the risk factors associated with failure of initial percutaneous therapy. | 2011 | 21472130 |
| virulence properties of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella species in meat samples. | the present study was carried out to identify virulence properties (siderophores, serum resistance, and hemolysin) and antibiotic resistance in extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella isolates from 60 calf and chicken meat samples purchased from various supermarkets in ankara, turkey. of the 45 klebsiella isolates, 24 (53%) were identified as k. oxytoca and 21 (47%) were identified as k. pneumoniae. a high proportion of klebsiella isolates had virulence factors such as hemolyti ... | 2011 | 21477469 |
| profiles of phenotype resistance to antibiotic other than β-lactams in klebsiella pneumoniae esbls-producers, carrying blashv genes. | extended spectrum β-lactamases production is one of the most common mechanism of resistance to extended spectrum β-lactam antibiotics is increasing worldwide. twenty five strains of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens were tested. based on the phenotypic confirmatory test all these strains were defined as esbl producers named esbl(+). the plasmid dna from each strains was used to investigate the presence of blashv genes responsible for extended spectrum β-lactamases production ... | 2010 | 21478112 |
| structure and immunological characterization of capsular polysaccharide of a pyrogenic liver abscess klebsiella pneumoniae: activation of macrophages through toll-like receptor 4. | the active components of primary pyogenic liver abscess (pla) k. pneumoniae in stimulating cytokine expression in macrophages are still unclear from the host immunity and bacterial virulence. the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of pla k. pneumoniae is important in determining clinical manifestations and we have shown that it consists of repeating units of the trisaccharide (→3)-β-d-glc-(1(→4)-[2,3-(s)-pyruvate]-β-d-glca-(1→4)-α-l-fuc-(1→) and has the unusual feature of extensive pyruvation of gluc ... | 2011 | 21478151 |
| audit of antibiotic therapy in surgical neonates in a tertiary hospital in benin city, nigeria. | to report the outcome of commonly used antibiotic combinations in surgical neonates in sub-saharan african settings. | 2011 | 21478582 |
| multidrug resistance in hydrocarbon-tolerant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | new gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were isolated from poeni oily sludge, using enrichment procedures. the six gram-positive strains belong to bacillus, lysinibacillus and rhodococcus genera. the eight gram-negative strains belong to shewanella, aeromonas, pseudomonas and klebsiella genera. isolated bacterial strains were tolerant to saturated (i.e., n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, cyclohexane), monoaromatic (i.e., benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene isomers, e ... | 2011 | 21478643 |
| corn flake-like morphology of iron nanoparticles and its antibacterial property. | | 2011 | 21478648 |
| preterm and term neonates transplacentally acquire igg antibodies specific to lps from klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | high incidences of gram-negative bacteria are found in neonatal nosocomial infections. our aim was to investigate placental transmission of immunoglobulin g (igg) reactive with lipopolysaccharide from klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli o111, o6 and o26. the total and lipopolysaccharide-specific igm and igg were determined in 11 maternal/umbilical-cord sera aged ≤33 weeks (gi); 21 aged >33 and <37 weeks (gii); and 32 term newborns (giii). the total and lipopolysacc ... | 2011 | 21481015 |
| bacterial decolorization and detoxification of black liquor from rayon grade pulp manufacturing paper industry and detection of their metabolic products. | this study deals with the decolorization of black liquor (bl) by isolated potential bacterial consortium comprising serratia marcescens (gu193982), citrobacter sp. (hq873619) and klebsiella pneumoniae (gu193983). the decolorization of bl was studied by using the different nutritional as well as environmental parameters. in this study, result revealed that the ligninolytic activities were found to be growth associated and the developed bacterial consortium was efficient for the reduction of cod, ... | 2011 | 21482463 |
| different culture medium formulations induce variant protein expression patterns of outer membrane porins in klebsiella pneumoniae. | outer membrane porin (omp) expression has been shown to play an important role in antimicrobial resistance. in this study, we observed that ompk35 of klebsiella pneumoniae had varied expression profiles in different nutrient broths. the potential factors that could influence protein expression were assessed. k. pneumoniae (atcc 13883) was cultured into two commercial available nutrient broths and also into solutions of the individual ingredients. to ensure that ompk35 was detected, an ompk35 def ... | 2011 | 21482487 |
| comparative ceftaroline activity tested against pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia: results from an international surveillance study. | to document the spectrum of activity of ceftaroline, the active form of the prodrug, ceftaroline fosamil, a new cephalosporin with anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcal activity, against a surveillance collection of clinical isolates obtained from the usa and europe during 2008-09. | 2011 | 21482572 |
| the incidence of postoperative meningitis in neurosurgery: an institutional experience. | introduction : meningitis is the most dreaded cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients. the reported incidence of postoperative meningitis is quite varied 0.5-8%. material and methods : the study cohort included all the patients who underwent neurosurgery at the department of neurosurgery, national institute of mental health and neurological sciences, bangalore, india over a period of seven years (2001 - 2007). patients with culture positive meningitis were included for analysi ... | 2011 | 21483116 |
| bacteriologic and plasmid analysis of etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in lagos, nigeria. | background: conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva, is one of the most common eye problems affecting all age groups in nigeria. a better understanding of its epidemiology and the antibiotic susceptibility of etiologic bacterial agents is crucial for the initiation of preventive and therapeutic measures. this study determined the distribution and patterns of bacterial infections in nigerian patients with conjunctivitis. antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmid profiles of these ... | 2011 | 21484175 |
| phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of vernonia ambigua, vernonia blumeoides and vernonia oocephala (asteraceae). | some vernonia species (vernonia ambigua, vernonia blumeoides and vernonia oocephala) used in northern nigerian traditional medicine, were subjected to phytochemical screening using standard procedures. the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method as outlined by the nccls was carried out on klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, corynbacterium ulcerans, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigel ... | 2011 | 21485703 |
| [emphysematous pyelonephritis: an unusual clinical onset]. | | 2011 | 21487983 |
| fever and an expanding pancreatic fluid collection. | | 2011 | 21488532 |
| identification of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in blood cultures: a multicenter performance evaluation of a three-color peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. | a multicenter evaluation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of a new three-color peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that identifies isolates directly from blood cultures positive for gram-negative bacilli (gnb). the assay correctly identified 100% (186/186) of the escherichia coli isolates, 99.1% (109/110) of the klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and 95.8% (46/48) of the pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in this study. negative assay results were correctly obtained ... | 2011 | 21490185 |
| familial spread of a virulent clone of klebsiella pneumoniae causing primary liver abscess. | capsule-forming klebsiella pneumoniae k1 caused primary liver abscess in two household members of a family. the causative isolates had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and were determined to be sequence type 23. an additional member of the family was found to carry the same strain without clinical manifestation. | 2011 | 21490191 |
| acute suppuration of the pancreatic duct in a patient with tropical pancreatitis. | pancreatic sepsis secondary to infected necrosis, pseudocyst, or pancreatic abscess is a well-known clinical entity. acute suppuration of the pancreatic duct (aspd) in the setting of chronic calcific pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal obstruction with septicemia is a rare complication that is seldom reported. it is our aim to report a case of aspd with klebsiella ornithinolytica, in the absence of pancreatic abscess or infected necrosis. | 2008 | 21490834 |
| [cmy-2-type plasmid-mediated ampc ß-lactamases emerging in tucumán, argentina]. | in the last years, enterobacteriaceae such as klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and escherichia coli, have acquired resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (c3g) because of the presence of plasmid-mediated ampc ß-lactamases. the aim of this work was to detect plasmid ampc enzymes and to investigate the predominant types in our region. between march and july 2009, 733 consecutive isolates of enterobacteriaceae derived from hospitals and outpatient centers were studied. susceptibility ... | 2011 | 21491062 |
| intra- and inter-species spread of carbapenemase genes in a non-hospitalized patient. | the purpose of this study was to report intra- and inter-species spread of carbapenemase genes between gram negative rods isolated from a non-hospitalized patient with bacteremia. the approach included chart review, antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic screening for metallo-β-lactamase (mbl) detection, pcr and sequencing of bla, aac(6')-ib and qnr genes, and plasmid analysis by pcr-based replicon typing. the clonal relationships between the isolates were analysed by comparing pfge pr ... | 2011 | 21491175 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases with focus on ctx-m in a low-endemic area in sweden. | during the last decade increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae has been detected worldwide, mainly due to dissemination of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae producing ctx-m-type esbls. ctx-m-15 is the most widespread ctx-m type, and the predominant type in various countries. dissemination of esbl-producing organisms is caused not only by horizontal transfer of plasmids, but also by clonal spread of esbl-producing strains. in this study, ... | 2011 | 21492229 |
| b lymphocyte subsets in patients with rhinoscleroma. | objective. to identify the presence of b lymphocytes in the rhinoscleroma granulomas as a possible precursor of plasma cells, whose presence has always been described but whose role is still unclear. study design. case series with chart review. setting. sapienza university of rome. methods. the study was carried out on 6 patients (3 women, 3 men). the following parameters were examined for each patient: clinical manifestations, number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets (cd3+, cd4+ ... | 2011 | 21493362 |
| outbreak of klebsiella oxytoca enterocolitis on a rabbit farm in hungary. | | 2011 | 21493575 |
| crystal structure of the branching enzyme i (bei) from oryza sativa l with implications for catalysis and substrate binding. | starch branching enzyme (sbe) catalyzes the cleavage of α-1,4-linkages and the subsequent transfer of α-1,4 glucan to form an α-1,6 branch point in amylopectin. sequence analysis of the rice branching enzyme i (bei) indicated a modular structure in which the central α-amylase domain is flanked on each side by the n-terminal carbohydrate binding module (cbm48) and the α-amylase c-domain. we determined the crystal structure of bei at a resolution of 1.9 å by molecular replacement using the escheri ... | 2011 | 21493662 |
| ultra-fast and sensitive detection of non-typhoidal salmonella using microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence ("mamef"). | certain serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica cause invasive disease (e.g., enteric fever, bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, etc.) in humans and constitute a global public health problem. a rapid, sensitive diagnostic test is needed to allow prompt initiation of therapy in individual patients and for measuring disease burden at the population level. an innovative and promising new rapid diagnostic technique is microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (mamef). we have adapted ... | 2011 | 21494634 |
| the enemy within. | | 2011 | 21495481 |
| risk factors and pathogen profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit in china. | aim: the aim of this study is to explore the incidence, risk factors and summarize the involved pathogens among neonates with vap in our nicu to determine the effective strategies for prevention. methods: a retrospective case-control study including 117 cases of vap and 232 cases of control was conducted from january 2002 to july 2008. the antibiotics sensitivity spectrum was determined by quantitative microbiological evaluation. multiple logistic regression and cox model analysis was performed ... | 2011 | 21496177 |
| real-time pcr assay allows detection of the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1)-encoding gene in france. | in this study, we report the development of a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with taqman(®) probe to detect the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1)-encoding gene directly from bacterial isolates. the specificity of the assay was verified in silico as well as with a large panel of 84 clinically relevant bacteria, including the klebsiella pneumoniae nctc 13443 ndm-1-positive reference strain. using this assay retrospectively on a local series of 44 k. pneumoniae isolates f ... | 2011 | 21497063 |
| impact of previous antibiotic therapy on outcome of gram-negative severe sepsis. | objective:: to determine whether exposure to antimicrobial agents in the previous 90 days resulted in decreased bacterial susceptibility and increased hospital mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock attributed to gram-negative bacteremia. design:: a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients (january 2002 to december 2007). setting:: barnes-jewish hospital, a 1200-bed urban teaching hospital. patients:: seven hundred fifty-four consecutive patients with gram-negative b ... | 2011 | 21499086 |
| risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: 20-year experience in southern taiwan. | purpose:: to identify the risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. methods:: we conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 602 patients admitted with k. pneumoniae liver abscess from january 1991 to november 2009. variables included age, sex, history, month of onset, systemic condition, initial and final visual acuities, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, fundus, course and treatment. results:: endophthalmitis was ident ... | 2011 | 21499189 |
| the sensitivities to first-line antibiotic therapy of the common urinary tract bacterial infections detected in urine samples at a hospital in metropolitan kampala (uganda). | urinary tract infections (utis) are among the most common human infections. many urinary tract bacteria are capable of expressing drug resistance. resistant bacteria may be present from the commencement of the infection or may develop during treatment. this study focused on the problem of antibiotic resistance to the first-line drugs that were used to treat patients presenting with urinary tract infections at rubaga hospital in kampala, uganda. | 2007 | 21499486 |
| the bioload and aflatoxin content of market garri from some selected states in southern nigeria: public health significance. | garri is consumed by several millions of people in the west african sub-region and in nigeria in particular, regardless of ethnicity and socio-economic class. however, production and handling methods have not been standardized, resulting in a product with varying quality and safety indices hence varying public health concern. | 2007 | 21499487 |
| roles of pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducers and their degradation products, tetramic acids, in bacterial survival and behavior in ecological niches. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is known to mainly use n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) as autoinducers. recent progress in this field demonstrated that not only ahls, but also their degradation products, tetramic acids, may have some biological activities. the present study examined the roles of pseudomonas autoinducers and tetramic acids in bacterial survival and behavior in ecological niches. p. aeruginosa autoinducers and the tetramic acid derivatives were chemically synth ... | 2011 | 21502732 |
| antibiotic susceptibility and imaging findings of the causative microorganisms responsible for acute urinary tract infection in children: a five-year single center study. | we studied the differences in the antibiotic susceptibilities of the microorganisms that causeing urinary tract infections (uti) in children to obtain useful information on appropriate drug selection for childhood uti. | 2011 | 21503201 |
| nosocomial and community infections due to class a extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbla)-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. in southern brazil. | to determine the prevalence of class a extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbl)-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., and to investigate clonality among esbl-producing isolates of nosocomial and community infections. | 2011 | 21503400 |
| identification of putative new escherichia coli flagellar antigens from human origin using serology, pcr-rflp and dna sequencing methods. | escherichia coli has been isolated frequently, showing flagellar antigens that are not recognized by any of the 53 antisera, provided by the most important reference center of e. coli, the international escherichia and klebsiella center (who) of the statens serum institute, copenhagen, denmark. the objective of this study was to characterize flagellar antigens of e. coli that express non-typeable h antigens. the methods used were serology, pcr-rflp and dna sequencing. this characterization was p ... | 2011 | 21503401 |
| sitafloxacin: in bacterial infections. | sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with in vitro activity against a broad range of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, as well as against atypical pathogens. it is approved in japan for use in a number of bacterial infections caused by sitafloxacin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, other streptococcus spp., enterococcus spp., moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., enterobacter sp ... | 2011 | 21504249 |
| bile bacterial flora and its in vitro resistance pattern in patients with acute cholangitis resulting from choledocholithiasis. | abstract introduction. cholangitis and biliary sepsis are severe infectious diseases, which are often observed in patients with choledocholithiasis. the antimicrobial therapy is effective if started as soon as the diagnosis is made. therefore, the profile of bile pathogens and its susceptibility to a number of antibiotics were evaluated. material and methods. bile cultures and antibiograms from 92 patients hospitalized between january 2006 and december 2008 in a tertiary referral center for the ... | 2011 | 21504380 |
| [effect of jinqiaomai on expression of tlr2/4, myd88 mrna and ikappab-alpha in lung tissue of rats with klebsiella pneumonia]. | to study the mechanism of protective effect of jinqiaomai (jqm) on lung injury induced by klebsiella pneumonia in rats. | 2011 | 21506423 |
| bacterial contamination of the hands of doctors: a study in the medicine and dermatology wards. | background: doctors' hands are a common source of bacterial contamination. often, these organisms are found to be virulent species with multidrug-resistance patterns. these are the sources of nosocomial infections in many patients. aims: the present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial contamination in the hands of doctors in the medicine and dermatology wards of a tertiary care hospital. methods: the hands of 44 doctors were swabbed and cultured at entry to ward and at e ... | 2011 | 21508569 |
| de-escalation of antimicrobials in the treatment of bacteraemia due to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens in immunocompetent patients. | background: the aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of de-escalating antimicrobial therapy in immunocompetent patients presenting with bacteraemia due to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens. methods: we screened 1,350 positive blood cultures identified in a single, 1,065-bed university hospital over 5 years, and retained 310 cases of bacteraemia due to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens, including (1) methicillin-sensitive staphylococci, (2) penicillin-sensitive streptococci, (3) β-l ... | 2011 | 21509424 |
| cefotaxime resistance and outcome of klebsiella spp bloodstream infection. | we attempt to describe the epidemiology and outcome associated with cefotaxime-resistant (ctx-r) klebsiella spp bacteraemia. klebsiella spp bloodstream infection episodes prospectively collected through a blood culture surveillance programme from january 1991 to december 2008 in a single institution were analysed. a total of 910 monomicrobial episodes of klebsiella spp bacteraemia were identified during the study period. the most important sources were from urinary tract infection, unknown sourc ... | 2011 | 21509474 |
| antibiotic activity of tigecycline against clinical pathogens by the micro dilution method. | resistant pathogens are the cause of clinical infections which threatening the patients lives and challenging the health systems through their economic importance. therefore, new antibacterial agents with a broader spectrum of activity that protect against development of resistance are required. tigecycline (tygacil, wyeth) is a relatively new fda and emea approved glycylcycline antimicrobial with an expanded broad-spectrum activity against pathogens involved in complicated skin and skin structu ... | 2011 | 21513809 |
| in vitro activity of cxa-101 plus tazobactam (cxa-201) against ctx-m-14- and ctx-m-15-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | cxa-101, a novel cephalosporin with good antipseudomonal activity, was evaluated against a consecutive and polyclonal collection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli (n = 149) and klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 20), mainly ctx-m-15- (69%) or ctx-m-14 producing (22%). a total of 41% of the e. coli isolates belonged to the international clone o25b-st131. broth microdilution versus cxa-101, cxa-tazobactam 4 and 8 mg/l (cxa-201), ceftazidime-tazobactam (cat), ceftazidime-cl ... | 2011 | 21513849 |
| genetic regulation of the rama locus and its expression in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | tigecycline resistance has been attributed to rama overexpression and subsequent acra upregulation. the rama locus, originally identified in klebsiella pneumoniae, has homologues in enterobacter and salmonella spp. in this study, we identify in silico that the ramr binding site is also present in citrobacter spp. and that enterobacter, citrobacter and klebsiella spp. share key regulatory elements in the control of the roma-rama locus. race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) mapping indicated tha ... | 2011 | 21514798 |
| prevalence and drug resistance in bacteria of the urinary tract infections in bulawayo province, zimbabwe. | to obtain data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection in bulawayo province, zimbabwe. | 2010 | 21516960 |
| characterization of metallo-{beta}-lactamase vim-27, an a57s mutant of vim-1 associated with klebsiella pneumoniae st147. | vim-27 metallo-β-lactamase, an ala(57)→ser variant of vim-1, was identified in three klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to sequence type 147. bla(vim-27) was part of a class 1 integron carried by non-self-transferable plasmids. kinetic parameters and mic determinations indicated that vim-27 hydrolyzed less effectively than vim-1 most β-lactams, especially imipenem and cefoxitin. | 2011 | 21518835 |
| dissemination of multiple drug resistance genes by class 1 integrons in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from four countries: a comparative study. | a comparative genetic analysis of 42 clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, resistant to two or more antibiotics belonging to broad-spectrum ß-lactam group, sourced from sydney (australia) and three south american countries is presented. the study focuses on the genetic contexts of class 1 integrons, a mobilizable genetic element best known for their role in the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance amongst gram-negative pathogens. it was found that the class 1 integrons in this cohort were ... | 2011 | 21518841 |
| gram-negative neonatal osteomyelitis: two case reports. | neonatal osteomyelitis is a rare and challenging diagnosis, particularly in the early onset period. neonatal osteomyelitis is predominantly caused by staphylococcus aureus with single bone involvement. here, we report two cases of neonatal osteomyelitis in premature infants caused by klebsiella pneumoniae with multiple bone lesions. both cases presented with sepsis and meningitis and were initially diagnosed by incidental findings on plain films, with follow-up bone scan imaging. in both cases, ... | 2011 | 21520681 |
| identification of unknown ocular pathogens in clinically suspected eye infections using ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis. | clin microbiol infect 2011; 17: 776-779 abstract: dna sequence-based identification of pathogens from ocular samples of patients with clinically suspected eye infections was accomplished using 16s and internal transcribed spacer (its) ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis. pcr was positive for 24 of 99 samples tested. both culture and 16s rdna sequence analysis identified pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci and enterobacteriaceae. isolates misidentified as burkholderia cepacia by biochemical tes ... | 2011 | 21521414 |
| identification of strain harboring both aac(6')-ib and aac(6')-ib-cr variant simultaneously in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the aac(6')-ib gene is the most prevalent gene that encodes aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and confers resistance to tobramycin, kanamycin, and amikacin. the aac(6')-ib-cr variant gene can induce resistance against aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone simultaneously. two main methods, sequence analysis and the restriction enzyme method, can detect the aac(6')-ib-cr variant in clinical strains. we collected the 85 strains that were believed to be aac(6')-ib positive from clinical isolates. among ... | 2011 | 21524352 |
| assessment of an extraction protocol to detect the major mastitis-causing pathogens in bovine milk. | despite all efforts to control its spread, mastitis remains the most costly disease for dairy farmers worldwide. one key component of better control of this disease is identification of the causative bacterial agent during udder infections in cows. mastitis is complex, however, given the diversity of pathogens that must be identified. development of a rapid and efficient bacterial species identification tool is thus necessary. this study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of bacterial ... | 2011 | 21524507 |
| clinical and microbiological analysis of adult perianal abscess. | in taiwan, klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant pathogen causing pyogenic liver abscess in patients with diabetes mellitus (dm). the purpose of our hospital-based study was to determine the predominant bacterial species causing perianal abscess in hospitalized patients with and without dm in taiwan. | 2011 | 21524615 |
| clinical manifestations and prognostic factors in cancer patients with bacteremia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli or klebsiella pneumoniae. | background: clinical information about bacteremia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens in cancer patients was limited. the study was aimed to identify the clinical manifestations and risk factors for mortality in esbl-producer bacteremia in cancer patients. methods: a retrospective study of bacteremia caused by esbl-producing escherichia coli or klebsiella pneumoniae in adults with cancer in national cheng kung university hospital and national taiwan university hospita ... | 2011 | 21524962 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in a teaching hospital in taiwan. | background: urinary tract infections (utis) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae have become clinical problems because of limited therapeutic options. the role of fosfomycin in the era of growing bacteria resistance has been widely discussed recently. in this study, we aimed to know the local antimicrobial susceptibilities, fosfomycin susceptibility in particular, of urinary esbl-producing ecoli and kpneumoniae isolates in taiwan. me ... | 2011 | 21524974 |
| microbial isolation and emergence of antimicrobial resistance associated with tigecycline usage. | background: with the increasing experience of tigecycline usage, its ecological impact on microorganisms raises concerns but remains unknown. we aimed to analyze the difference in microorganisms isolated before, during, and after tigecycline usage and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. methods: between july 2008 and august 2009, 66 patients who received tigecycline monotherapy for more than 2 days at a taiwan medical center were enrolled. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was perfo ... | 2011 | 21524975 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteremic isolates from cancer patients with or without neutropenia at a medical center in southern taiwan. | background: few studies focus on comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility for bacteremic isolates in neutropenic and nonneutropenic cancer patients. the purpose of this study was to elucidate the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteremic isolates from cancer patients. methods: we collected bacterial isolates causing bloodstream infections in cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital from 2003 to 2005 and performed in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens by the disc diffusio ... | 2011 | 21524977 |
| impact of age on neutrophil phagocytic reaction with different capsular serotypes of klebsiella pneumoniae. | background: although the prevalence of k pneumoniae liver abscess is higher in patients older than 55 years, the possible relationship of age with decreased phagocytic function of the patients with klebsiellapneumoniae liver abscess has not been investigated. our aim was to determine whether susceptibility to k pneumoniae infection depended on age-related impairment of phagocytic function. methods: the study enrolled 42 subjects in three age groups: younger than 40 years (n=10), 40-65 years (n=1 ... | 2011 | 21524978 |
| assessment of microbial contamination of toothbrush head: an in vitro study. | background: the most common oral hygiene aid used to improve the oral health of an individual is toothbrush and it is often neglected to maintain in a proper aseptic condition, which could probably result in contamination by various micro-organisms. aims: 1) to assess the microbial contamination of the hard deposit on the toothbrush head, between the bristle tufts, after 1 and 3 months of use. 2) to assess the microbial contamination of the hard deposit on the toothbrush head, between the bristl ... | 2011 | 21525668 |
| the inhibitory effect of zingiber corallinum hance essential oil on drug-resistant bacteria and evaluation of its acute toxicity. | background: the excessive and irregular use of antibiotics could result in the generation and diffusion of drug-resistant bacteria. the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of zingiber corallinum hance essential oil (zcho) on drug-resistant bacteria, especially on drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii.<br /> material/methods: susceptibility testing was used to evaluate the effect of zcho on growth inhibition of drug-resistant bacteria by paper disk method. mice orally admi ... | 2011 | 21525802 |
| phenotypic detection of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in microbiological practice. | background: enterobacteriaceae producing esbl and ampc enzymes can be associated with failure of antibiotic therapy and related morbidity and mortality. their routine detection in microbiology laboratories is still a problem. the aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of selected phenotypic methods.<br /> material/methods: a total of 106 strains of the enterobacteriaceae family were tested, in which molecular biology methods confirmed the presence of genes encoding esbl or ampc. in esb ... | 2011 | 21525803 |
| a call for action: the application of the international health regulations to the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. | stephen harbarth and colleagues argue that the international health regulations (ihr) should be applied to the global health threat of antimicrobial resistance. | 2011 | 21526227 |
| [outbreak of multiresistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing klebsiella pneumoniae in a high risk neonatal unit]. | klebsiella pneumoniae as a producer of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) has played an important role as a cause of infection in the neonatal high risk unit (nhru) of the autonomous hospital institute of the universidad de los andes (ahiula). in this paper an outbreak caused by this bacterial specie that affected neonates hospitalized in this unit during february 2007 is described. besides, the environment and the personnel were studied as possible sources of this organism. the strains of ... | 2011 | 21526282 |
| presence and distribution of fungi and bacteria in the reproductive tract of healthy stallions. | a saprophytic bacterial flora is present on the penis and the distal part of the urethra of stallions. little is known about the fungal flora of their reproductive tract. as micro organisms play an important role in mares fertility, the aim of the study was to describe the distribution of fungi and bacteria in the normal genital apparatus of stallions. the microbic flora of the reproductive tract of 11 healthy, fertile stallions was evaluated, collecting samples from 5 different locations: ureth ... | 2011 | 21529914 |
| metallo-β-lactamases: a last frontier for β-lactams? | metallo-β-lactamases are resistance determinants of increasing clinical relevance in gram-negative bacteria. because of their broad range, potent carbapenemase activity and resistance to inhibitors, these enzymes can confer resistance to almost all β-lactams. since the 1990s, several metallo-β-lactamases encoded by mobile dna have emerged in important gram-negative pathogens (ie, in enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter baumannii). some of these enzymes (eg, vim-1 and ndm ... | 2011 | 21530894 |
| clinical study concerning the relationship between community-acquired pneumonia and viral infection in northern thailand. | objective the etiological agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in thailand have been studied extensively in bacterial pathogens, but not in viral pathogens. to clarify the association of viral pathogens with cap, we conducted a comprehensive study of viral and bacterial pathogens in patients with cap. methods we enrolled 119 hospitalized patients with cap in nakornping hospital, chiang mai, thailand between 2006 and 2008. the severity of pneumonia was classified and the risk ... | 2011 | 21532221 |
| endogenous klebsiella endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess: first case report from iran. | to report the first case of endogenous klebsiella endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess in iran. | 2011 | 21532995 |