| ongoing sexually transmitted disease acquisition and risk-taking behavior among us hiv-infected patients in primary care: implications for prevention interventions. | to better understand the factors associated with hiv- and sexually transmitted disease (std)-transmitting behavior among hiv-infected persons, we estimated std prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors among a diverse sample of hiv-infected patients in primary care. | 2012 | 22183836 |
| The Efficacy of an HIV Risk Reduction Intervention for Hispanic Women. | Culturally-specific HIV risk reduction interventions for Hispanic women are needed. SEPA (Salud/Health, Educación/Education, Promoción/Promotion, y/and Autocuidado/Self-care) is a culturally-specific and theoretically-based group intervention for Hispanic women. The SEPA intervention consists of five sessions covering STI and HIV prevention; communication, condom negotiation and condom use; and violence prevention. A randomized trial tested the efficacy of SEPA with 548 adult U.S. Hispanic women ... | 2011 | 21969175 |
| protective immunity against mouse upper genital tract pathology correlates with high ifnγ but low il-17 t cell and anti-secretion protein antibody responses induced by replicating chlamydial organisms in the airway. | to search for optimal immunization conditions for inducing protective immunity against upper genital tract pathologies caused by chlamydial intravaginal infection, we compared protection efficacy in mice immunized intranasally or intramuscularly with live or inactivated chlamydia muridarum organisms. mice immunized intranasally with live organisms developed strong protection against both vaginal shedding of infectious organisms and upper genital tract pathologies. the protection correlated with ... | 2012 | 22079265 |
| Does respiratory infection due to Chlamydia pneumoniae still exist? | | 2011 | 21921229 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis Co-opts the FGF2 signaling pathway to enhance infection. | The molecular details of Chlamydia trachomatis binding, entry, and spread are incompletely understood, but heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a role in the initial binding steps. As cell surface HSPGs facilitate the interactions of many growth factors with their receptors, we investigated the role of HSPG-dependent growth factors in C. trachomatis infection. Here, we report a novel finding that Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is necessary and sufficient to enhance C. trachomatis bindin ... | 2011 | 21998584 |
| sexual assault and abuse of children. | testing for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in children presents a number of problems for the practitioner that are not usually faced when testing adults for the same infections. the identification of an sti in a child can have, in addition to medical implications, serious legal implications. the presence of an sti is often used to support the presence or allegations, or, in some cases, may prompt an investigation of possible abuse. the purpose of this paper is to review the recent data o ... | 2011 | 22080264 |
| insight into cross-talk between intra-amoebal pathogens. | amoebae are phagocytic protists where genetic exchanges might take place between amoeba-resistant bacteria. these amoebal pathogens are able to escape the phagocytic behaviour of their host. they belong to different bacterial phyla and often show a larger genome size than human-infecting pathogens. this characteristic is proposed to be the result of frequent gene exchanges with other bacteria that share a sympatric lifestyle and contrasts with the genome reduction observed among strict human pat ... | 2011 | 22047552 |
| Synergistic bactericidal effects and mechanisms of low intensity ultrasound and antibiotics against bacteria: A review. | Low intensity ultrasonic therapy is always an important research area of ultrasonic medicine. This review concentrates on low intensity ultrasound enhancing bactericidal action of antibiotics against bacteria in vitro and in vivo, including planktonic bacteria, bacterial biofilms, Chlamydia, and bacteria in implants. These literatures show that low intensity ultrasound alone is not effective in killing bacteria, while the combination of low intensity ultrasound and antibiotics is promising. Low ... | 2011 | 22153228 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity is associated with lower natural conception rates in ovulatory subfertile women without visible tubal pathology. | The relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and subsequent tubal damage is widely recognized. As such, C. trachomatis antibody (CAT) testing can be used to triage women for immediate tubal testing with hysterosalpingography (HSG) or laparoscopy. However, once invasive tubal testing has ruled out tubal pathology, CAT serology status is ignored, as its clinical significance is currently unknown. This study aimed to determine whether positive CAT serology is associated with lower spontaneo ... | 2011 | 21926058 |
| hiv and sti risk behaviors, knowledge, and testing among female adult film performers as compared to other california women. | a cross-sectional structured online survey was self-administered to a convenience sample of current female adult film performers via the internet; bivariate analyses compared hiv and other sti risk behaviors, knowledge, and testing in female adult performers to california women's health survey respondents. 134 female adult film performers (mean age 27.8 years) were compared to the 1,773 female respondents (mean age 31.3 years) to the 2007 cwhs. female performers initiated sex on average 3 years ... | 2011 | 22101890 |
| Comparison of immune responses and protective efficacy of intranasal prime-boost immunization regimens using adenovirus-based and CpG/HH2 adjuvanted-subunit vaccines against genital Chlamydia muridarum infection. | An efficacious Chlamydia vaccine is urgently needed to control Chlamydia infections. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens are emerging as a promising strategy for preventing intracellular viral and bacterial infections. However, it remains to be determined if this regimen would be a feasible and effective approach for Chlamydia infection. In this study, we examined the immune response and the protective efficacy induced by various vaccination regimens using a recombinant adenovirus vect ... | 2012 | 22075089 |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae heat shock protein 60 is associated with apoptotic signaling pathway in human atheromatous plaques of coronary artery disease patients. | Chlamydia pneumoniae heat shock protein (HSP) 60 is known to contribute to the activation of inflammation. In addition, there are contradictory reports on C. pneumoniae and their role in activation of pathways (apoptotic/antiapoptotic/necrosis) in coronary artery disease (CAD). Hence, more studies are required to know the actual role of C. pneumoniae in activation of apoptotic/antiapoptotic/necrosis pathways. | 2011 | 21889313 |
| Identification and functional analysis of CT069 as a novel transcriptional regulator in Chlamydia. | Only a small number of transcription factors have been predicted in Chlamydia spp., which are obligate intracellular bacteria that include a number of important human pathogens. We used a bioinformatics strategy to identify novel transcriptional regulators from the Chlamydia trachomatis genome by predicting proteins with the general structure and characteristic functional domains of a bacterial transcription factor. With this approach, we identified CT069 as a candidate transcription factor with ... | 2011 | 21908669 |
| sexually transmitted infections among women who have sex with women. | women who have sex with women (wsw) are a diverse group with variations in sexual identity, sexual behaviors, sexual practices, and risk behaviors. wsw are at risk of acquiring bacterial, viral, and protozoal sexually transmitted infections (stis) from current and prior partners, both male and female. bacterial vaginosis is common among women in general and even more so among women with female partners. wsw should not be presumed to be at low or no risk for stis based on sexual orientation, and ... | 2011 | 22080273 |
| infection of human enteroendocrine cells with chlamydia trachomatis: a possible model for pathogenesis in irritable bowel syndrome. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. recently, our group detected chlamydial antigens in enteroendocrine cells (eec) of jejunum biopsies from patients with ibs. impairment of eec secretion upon chlamydia infection might lead to disturbances of gut functions. we have therefore studied the interaction between chlamydia and eec in vitro. | 2011 | 21883697 |
| evaluation of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae detection in urine, endocervical, and vaginal specimens by a multiplexed isothermal thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (thda) assay. | we have developed a new research assay that combines sequence-specific sample preparation and isothermal amplification for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. the assay targets both the omp gene and the cryptic plasmid of c. trachomatis and the multicopy opa gene of n. gonorrhoeae, which are amplified and detected in a single reaction. we evaluated the ability of the assay to detect c. trachomatis and n. gonorrhoeae infections in first-catch urine, swab, ... | 2011 | 21956990 |
| Inhibition of chlamydial class Ic ribonucleotide reductase by C-terminal peptides from protein R2. | Chlamydia trachomatis ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a class Ic RNR. It has two homodimeric subunits: proteins R1 and R2. Class Ic protein R2 in its most active form has a manganese-iron metal cofactor, which functions in catalysis like the tyrosyl radical in classical class Ia and Ib RNRs. Oligopeptides with the same sequence as the C-terminus of C.?trachomatis protein R2 inhibit the catalytic activity of C.?trachomatis RNR, showing that the class Ic enzyme shares a similar highly specific i ... | 2011 | 21976435 |
| using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to correlate chlamydia pecorum infectious load with ocular, urinary and reproductive tract disease in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | complex interactions between chlamydia pecorum infection, the immune response and disease exist in the koala. we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the relationship between c. pecorum infectious load and ocular and urogenital tract disease. chlamydia pecorum shedding was generally higher in animals with chronic, active disease than in animals with inactive disease. the absence of ocular disease was generally associated with low levels of shedding, but relatively high leve ... | 2011 | 21933169 |
| The role of Chlamydia trachomatis polymorphic membrane proteins in inflammation and sequelae among women with pelvic inflammatory disease. | Chlamydia trachomatis polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps) may increase genital tract inflammation and play a role in virulence. Antibody levels for PmpA, PmpD, and PmpI, measured in densitometric units, were assessed among a pilot sample of 40 C. trachomatis-infected women with mild-to-moderate clinical PID. Women who expressed antibodies to PmpA were less likely to achieve pregnancy (40.0% versus 85.7%; P = 0.042) and less likely to have a live birth (0.0% versus 80.0%; P = 0.005) compared to ... | 2011 | 22028586 |
| can clinical signs of trachoma be used after multiple rounds of mass antibiotic treatment to indicate infection? | to evaluate combinations of clinical signs, using a modified world health organization (who) grading scheme, to predict a very low prevalence of infection at the community level after at least three rounds of mass drug administration (mda). | 2011 | 22025578 |
| multiplex isothermal helicase-dependent amplification assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | thermophilic helicase dependent amplification (thda), which employs helicase to unwind double-stranded dna at constant temperature, is a relatively new isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. in this study, the development and optimization of a 4-plex thda assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) are described. thda is combined with sequence-specific sample preparation on magnetic beads and homogeneous endpoint fluorescence detection using dual-l ... | 2011 | 22000085 |
| infectious proctitis: when to suspect it is not inflammatory bowel disease. | background: proctitis is a common problem and is most frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. however, the incidence of infectious proctitis appears to be rising, especially in men who have sex with men. this may be due to the rise of people participating in receptive anal sex as well as the increase in sexually transmitted infections. the most frequently reported pathogens include neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, treponema pallidum, and herp ... | 2011 | 21994137 |
| Cost Savings and Increased Efficiency Using a Stratified Specimen Pooling Strategy for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Idaho Chlamydia trachomatis-Neisseria gonorrhoeae specimens from July 2009 were pooled by stratified specimen pooling, an approach that removes high-risk specimens from the pooling population and pools low-risk specimens to maximize pooling efficiency. This approach reduced pool positivity rates by 8%, repeated tests by 9%, and saved 47.4% in direct costs. | 2012 | 22183846 |
| chlamydia positivity trends among women attending family planning clinics: united states, 2004-2008. | annual chlamydia screening is recommended for all sexually active women aged <25 years. substantial limitations exist in ascertaining chlamydia trends. reported case rates have increased likely due to increased screening and improved test technology. other data suggest that prevalence has decreased. | 2011 | 21992972 |
| [News from andrology. Infertility, erectile dysfunction, and hypogonadism]. | This contribution discusses new aspects in andrology focusing on infertility, erectile dysfunction (ED), and hypogonadism. Topics such as prostatitis and detection of Chlamydia, idiopathic infertility and PDE5 inhibitors, and ED after GreenLight laser treatment are addressed. | 2011 | 21863409 |
| Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries. | To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing ... | 2011 | 22096049 |
| Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial. | BACKGROUND: In trachoma control programmes, azithromycin is distributed to treat the strains of chlamydia that cause ocular disease. We aimed to compare the effect of annual versus twice-yearly distribution of azithromycin on infection with these strains. METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised trial in 24 subdistricts in northern Ethiopia, which we randomly assigned to receive annual or twice-yearly treatment for all residents of all ages. Random assignment was done with the RANDOM and SORT functi ... | 2011 | 22192488 |
| Identifying a Role for Toll-Like Receptor 3 in the Innate Immune Response to Chlamydia muridarum Infection in Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cells. | Because epithelial cells are the major cell type productively infected with Chlamydia during genital tract infections, the overall goal of our research was to understand the contribution of infected epithelial cells to the host defense. We previously showed that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is the critical pattern recognition receptor in oviduct epithelial (OE) cells that is stimulated during Chlamydia infection, resulting in the synthesis of beta interferon (IFN-ß). Here, we present data that im ... | 2012 | 22006569 |
| Direct fluorescent antibody assay and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. | To identify Chlamydia trachomatis via polymerase chain reaction and a direct fluorescent antibodyassay in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis while comparing the efficacies of both tests for detectingChlamydia trachomatis in these conditions. | 2011 | 22189723 |
| Population attributable risk for chlamydia infection in a cohort of young international travellers (backpackers) and residents in Australia. | Aim To estimate the population attributable risk (PAR) for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young men and women in Sydney, Australia. Method Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between demographic, sexual behaviour and other potential risk factors and chlamydia positivity in young (=30 years) heterosexual international travellers (backpackers) and Australian residents attending a sexual health clinic. Point and interval estimates of PAR were calculated ... | 2011 | 22021720 |
| [Structure, function and molecular design strategies of antibacterial peptide SMAP-29: a review]. | Antibacterial peptides are a family of host-defense peptides most of which are gene-encoded and produced by living organisms of all types. Antibacterial peptides are small molecular proteins with broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, viruses, fungi and sometimes even as anticancer peptide. SMAP-29, a cathelicidin-like peptide derived from sheep myeloid, line alpha-helical Structure, exerts a powerful broad antimicrobial activity against different pathogens including Gram-positive and Gr ... | 2011 | 22034813 |
| Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis: hidden in plain sight? | Reactive arthritis belongs to the group of arthritidies known as the spondyloarthritides. There are two main types of reactive arthritis: post-venereal and post-enteric. Chlamydia trachomatis is felt to be the most common cause of reactive arthritis, in general. Until recently, even the terminology for the condition itself was unclear as multiple eponyms and names have been associated with reactive arthritis. In recent years, a great deal has been learnt about the epidemiology, pathophysiology a ... | 2011 | 22100286 |
| prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus and other risk factors in cervical cancer. | several sexually transmitted infections (sti) have been reported to interact with human papillomavirus (hpv) in the etiology of cervical cancer. a large cohort study is required to obtain a both unbiased and stable estimate of their effects. | 2011 | 21994401 |
| test for chlamydia. | | 2011 | 21998981 |
| Combination antibiotics for the treatment of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis: is a cure in sight? | The inflammatory arthritis that develops in some patients subsequent to urogenital infection by the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, and that induced subsequent to pulmonary infection with C. pneumoniae, both have proved difficult to treat in either their acute or chronic forms. Over the last two decades, molecular genetic and other studies of these pathogens have provided a good deal of information regarding their metabolic and genetic structures, as well as the ... | 2011 | 21853013 |
| Intracellular bacteria and adverse pregnancy outcomes. | This review considers the role of intracellular bacteria in adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, stillbirths, and preterm labour. The cause of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm labour often remains unexplained. Intracellular bacteria that grow either poorly or not at all on media used routinely to detect human pathogens could be the aetiological agents of these obstetric conditions. For example, Listeria monocytogenes and Coxiella burnetti are intracellular bacteria that have a pre ... | 2011 | 21884294 |
| vaccination to protect against infection of the female reproductive tract. | infection of the female genital tract can result in serious morbidities and mortalities from reproductive disability, pelvic inflammatory disease and cancer, to impacts on the fetus, such as infant blindness. while therapeutic agents are available, frequent testing and treatment is required to prevent the occurrence of the severe disease sequelae. hence, sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health burden with ongoing social and economic barriers to prevention and treatment. unfo ... | 2012 | 22149343 |
| a pilot study on the association between double positive chlamydia pneumoniae serology and serum lipid indices alterations in obese adult females. | to study the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae serologic status and serum lipid abnormalities in apparently healthy obese female subjects living in urban areas. | 2011 | 21983298 |
| Liquid-based urine cytology as a tool for detection of human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma in men. | Background: Liquid-based urine cytology (LB-URC) was evaluated for cytological diagnosis and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma.Methods: Midstream urine samples were collected from 141 male patients with urethritis and 154 controls without urethritis, and sediment cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. Urethral swabs from urethritis patients were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Papanicolaou tests were performed for cyt ... | 2011 | 22135257 |
| Chlamydia and chronic arthritis. | Abstract Certain bacterial infections have been demonstrated to be causative of reactive arthritis. The most common bacterial trigger of reactive arthritis is Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia pneumoniae is another known cause, albeit far less frequently. Although Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis will often spontaneously remit, approximately 30% of patients will develop a chronic course. Modern medicine has provided rather remarkable advances in our understanding of the chlamydiae, as these o ... | 2011 | 21864020 |
| self-screening for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis in the human immunodeficiency virus clinic--high yields and high acceptability. | despite antiretroviral therapy (art), incident human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to rise, and sexually transmitted infections (sti) are well known for their part in hiv transmission. national guidelines recommend routine sti screening in hiv-positive individuals, but despite this, reported uptake remains low. | 2011 | 22082720 |
| a nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the differential identification of three zooanthroponotic chlamydial strains in porcine swab samples. | porcine chlamydial infection is an enzootic infectious disease caused by multiple members of the family chlamydiaceae (e.g. chlamydophila abortus, chlamydia suis, and chlamydophila pneumoniae). rapid and accurate differentiation of these pathogens is critical in the control and prevention of disease. the aim of the current study was to develop a nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (nmpcr) assay to simultaneously detect the 3 chlamydial pathogens in clinical samples. in the first round of ... | 2011 | 21908308 |
| recalibrating the gram stain diagnosis of male urethritis in the era of nucleic acid amplification testing. | criteria for diagnosis of male urethritis based on a gram-stained smear (gss) of urethral discharge were developed before the era of nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) for neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and may be too stringent when considering the higher sensitivity of naat. | 2012 | 22183839 |
| Committee opinion no. 506: expedited partner therapy in the management of gonorrhea and chlamydia by obstetrician-gynecologists. | Expedited partner therapy is the clinical practice of treating the sex partners of patients, in whom sexually transmitted infections are diagnosed, by providing prescriptions or medications to the patient to take to his or her partner(s) without the health care provider first examining the partner(s). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supports expedited partner therapy in the management of gonorrhea and chlamydial infections when the partner is unlikely or unable to otherwi ... | 2011 | 21860319 |
| severe maternal morbidity in ectopic pregnancy is not associated with maternal factors but may be associated with quality of care. | objective: to study the association between patient-related risk factors and severe maternal morbidity in women with tubal ectopic pregnancy (ep). furthermore, to identify substandard care factors in clinical care management of ep. design: case-control study. setting: not applicable. patient(s): case subjects were from the lemmon study, a prospective nationwide cohort study. control subjects were from the esep study, an international multicenter randomized controlled trial. intervention(s): case ... | 2012 | 22264999 |
| difference in risk behaviors and std prevalence between street-based and establishment-based fsws in guangdong province, china. | the major mode of hiv/aids transmission in china is now heterosexual activities, but risk for hiv and sexually transmitted diseases (stds) may differ among different strata of female sex workers (fsws). respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 320 fsws in guangdong province, china. the respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and tested for hiv, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. the street-based fsws had lower education levels, a higher proportion supporting their f ... | 2012 | 22228068 |
| access to health services and sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of relocating african american public housing residents: an association between travel time and infection. | background:: high incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (sti) in blacks have been attributed to multiple factors. however, few articles have discussed spatial access to healthcare as a driver of disparities. the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between travel time to a healthcare provider and the likelihood of testing positive for 1 of 3 stis in a sample of adults living in public housing. methods:: one hundred and eight black adults in atlanta, ga ... | 2012 | 22249300 |
| two-day dosing versus one-day dosing of azithromycin in children with severe trachoma in tanzania. | purpose: to determine whether 2-day dosing of azithromycin may improve the efficacy of azithromycin dosing in children with severe trachoma. methods: fifty children with severe trachoma (defined as either trachoma intense or follicular trachoma with ten or more follicles) were enrolled from five villages in kongwa, tanzania. enrollment occurred within 1 month and within the same district as the historical control population of 99 children with severe trachoma, all of whom received 1-day dosing ... | 2012 | 22273357 |
| chlamydia trachomatis trends in the united states among persons 14 to 39 years of age, 1999-2008. | : we report the first population-based assessment of national trends in chlamydia prevalence in the united states. | 2012 | 22249296 |
| heterocyclic urea derivatives and methods of use thereof (wo2010142978). | a series of ureido derivatives incorporating a highly derivatized quinolone scaffold were prepared by a succession of original steps. the lead molecules of these compounds are the quinolone antibacterials of the nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin type and they target, similar to these clinically used agents, the dna gyrase/topoisomerase iv of pathogenic bacteria. these new quinolones are claimed to act as efficient antibacterials against a large number of drug-resistant bacteria such as staphylococcus ... | 2012 | 22264034 |
| vaccination of healthy and diseased koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) with a chlamydia pecorum multi-subunit vaccine: evaluation of immunity and pathology. | chlamydial infections represent a major threat to the long-term survival of the koala and a successful vaccine would provide a valuable management tool. vaccination however has the potential to enhance inflammatory disease in animals exposed to a natural infection prior to vaccination, a finding in early human and primate trials of whole cell vaccines to prevent trachoma. in the present study, we vaccinated both healthy koalas as well as clinically diseased koalas with a multi-subunit vaccine co ... | 2012 | 22230583 |
| evolution of chlamydia trachomatis. | we know surprisingly little about the evolutionary origins of chlamydia trachomatis. it causes both ocular (trachoma) and sexually transmitted infections in humans, it is an obligate intracellular pathogen, and there are only a few "isolates" that have been well characterized. from the first few genomes analyzed, it seems that the c. trachomatis genome is highly conserved. the genomes possess high synteny and, in some cases, the sequence variation between genomes is as little as 20 snps. recent ... | 2011 | 22239534 |
| nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses of the chlamydia trachomatis ompa gene indicates it is a hotspot for mutation. | abstract: background: serovars of the human pathogen chlamydia trachomatis occupy one of three specific tissue niches. genomic analyses indicate that the serovars have a phylogeny congruent with their pathobiology and have an average substitution rate of less than one nucleotide per kilobase. in contrast, the gene that determines serovar specificity, ompa, has a phylogenetic association that is not congruent with tissue tropism and has a degree of nucleotide variability much higher than other g ... | 2012 | 22264291 |
| self-reported sexual behaviour among adolescent girls in uganda: reliability of data debated. | to compare self-reported information about sexual behaviour in a research interview to information retrieved during a clinical consultation. | 2011 | 22275928 |
| chlamydial infections in term and preterm neonates. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and morbidities of chlamydia trachomatis infections in newborn infants. tissue culture and direct immunofluorescence (dif) tests were used to detect the presence of nasopharyngeal c. trachomatis infection in 35 preterm and 21 healthy term neonates. all infants were followed up clinically for 3 months, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for serum antichlamydial igg and igm was performed on day 15 and week 6. tissue culture and/o ... | 2012 | 22274150 |
| evidence that the β subunit of <i>chlamydia trachomatis</i> ribonucleotide reductase is active with the manganese ion of its manganese(iv)/iron(iii) cofactor in site 1. | the reaction of a class i ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) begins when a cofactor in the β subunit oxidizes a cysteine residue ∼35 å away in the α subunit, generating a thiyl radical. in the class ic enzyme from chlamydia trachomatis (ct), the cysteine oxidant is the mniv ion of a mniv/feiii cluster, which assembles in a reaction between the mnii/feii complex of β and o2. the hetero-dinuclear nature of the cofactor raises the question of which site, 1 or 2, contains the mniv ion. because site 1 is ... | 2012 | 22242660 |
| chlamydia infection status, genotype, and age-related macular degeneration. | to evaluate whether chlamydia (c.) infections are associated with age-related macular degeneration (amd) and to assess if this association is influenced by the complement factor h (cfh) y402h or the high temperature requirement a serine peptidase 1 (htra1) rs11200638 risk genotypes. | 2012 | 22259222 |
| high human immunodeficiency virus incidence in a cohort of rwandan female sex workers. | measurement of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) incidence among female sex workers in rwanda is a key part of preparing for hiv prevention trials. | 2011 | 22256340 |
| first detection of chlamydia trachomatis lgv biovar in the czech republic, 2010-2011. | | 2012 | 22264863 |
| systematic selection of screening participants by risk score in a chlamydia screening programme is feasible and effective. | objectivessystematic screening for chlamydia trachomatis by individual invitation can be optimised by filtering participants on risk profile, excluding people at no or low risk. the authors investigated this technique in a large-scale chlamydia screening programme in the netherlands in one rural region where relatively low prevalence was expected (<2%).methodsinvitees were alerted by personal letter to log in to http://www.chlamydiatest.nl and fill in an 8-item questionnaire. only invitees with ... | 2012 | 22215696 |
| chlamydia trachomatis in the age of the genome: application of molecular genotyping to improve our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of chlamydia genital tract disease. | | 2011 | 22256335 |
| biochemical characterisation of the chlamydial murf ligase, and possible sequence of the chlamydial peptidoglycan pentapeptide stem. | chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria that do not synthesise detectable peptidoglycan although they possess an almost complete arsenal of genes encoding peptidoglycan biosynthetic activities. in this paper, the murf gene from chlamydia trachomatis was shown to be capable of complementing a conditional escherichia coli mutant impaired in udp-murnac-tripeptide:d: -ala-d: -ala ligase activity. recombinant murf from c. trachomatis was overproduced and purified from e. coli. it exhibited ... | 2012 | 22231476 |
| lack of effective anti-apoptotic activities restricts growth of parachlamydiaceae in insect cells. | the fundamental role of programmed cell death in host defense is highlighted by the multitude of anti-apoptotic strategies evolved by various microbes, including the well-known obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae. as inhibition of apoptosis is assumed to be essential for a successful infection of humans by these chlamydiae, we analyzed the anti-apoptotic capacity of close relatives that occur as symbionts of amoebae and might ... | 2012 | 22253735 |
| who participates in the dutch chlamydia screening? a study on demographic and behavioral correlates of participation and positivity. | background:: in the netherlands, an internet-based chlamydia screening implementation was initiated in 3 regions, aiming to reduce population prevalence by annual testing and treatment of people aged 16 to 29 years. we studied who was reached in the first screening round by relating participation and chlamydia positivity to sociodemographic and sexual risk factors. methods:: data from the 2008/2009 screening round were analyzed (261,025 screening invitations, 41,638 participants). participation ... | 2012 | 22249297 |
| gonorrhoea or chlamydia in a us military hiv-positive cohort. | objectivesto investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of gonorrhoea (gc) or chlamydia (ct) coinfection in an hiv-positive us military cohort, focusing on the time after participants' knowledge of hiv diagnosis.methodsthe authors analysed data from 4461 participants enrolled in the us military natural history study cohort for gc or ct infection ≥6 months after their hiv-positive test.resultsduring a mean follow-up of 7.08 years, 482 (11%) participants acquired a gc or ct infection. of these, ... | 2012 | 22223813 |
| plac8-dependent and inducible no synthase-dependent mechanisms clear chlamydia muridarum infections from the genital tract. | chlamydia trachomatis urogenital serovars replicate predominantly in genital tract epithelium. this tissue tropism poses a unique challenge for host defense and vaccine development. studies utilizing the chlamydia muridarum mouse model have shown that cd4 t cells are critical for clearing genital tract infections. in vitro studies have shown that cd4 t cells terminate infection by upregulating epithelial inducible no synthase (inos) transcription and no production. however, this mechanism is not ... | 2012 | 22238459 |
| structural characterization of a novel chlamydia pneumoniae type iii secretion-associated protein, cpn0803. | type iii secretion (t3s) is an essential virulence factor used by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to deliver effector proteins into the host cell to establish and maintain an intracellular infection. chlamydia is known to use t3s to facilitate invasion of host cells but many proteins in the system remain uncharacterized. the c. trachomatis protein ct584 has previously been implicated in t3s. thus, we analyzed the ct584 ortholog in c. pneumoniae (cpn0803) and found that it associates with known ... | 2012 | 22272312 |
| comparison of three assays for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in surepath pap samples and the role of pre and post-cytology testing. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) are common sexually transmitted infections and, there is interest in screening surepath liquid-based pap (l-pap) samples with aptima combo 2 (ac2), amplicor (amp) and probetec et (pt) assays. surepath l-pap samples and a cervical swab (cs) were collected from 394 women attending health clinics in hamilton and toronto, on. l-pap samples were tested in the three assays prior to processing for cytology and the cs sample was tested by ac2. th ... | 2012 | 22259215 |
| flotillin-1/reggie-2 contributes to chlamydia pneumoniae growth and associates with bacterial inclusion. | chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens replicating only inside the eukaryotic host. here we studied the effect of human flotillin-1 protein on chlamydia pneumoniae growth in hl and a549 epithelial cell lines. rna interference was applied to disrupt flotillin-1-mediated endocytosis. host associated bacteria were detected by quantitative pcr, and c. pneumoniae growth was evaluated by inclusion counts. c. pneumoniae attachment to host cells was unaffected, but bacterial intracellular growt ... | 2012 | 22215737 |
| retention of clinical trial participants in a study of nongonococcal urethritis (ngu), a sexually transmitted infection in men. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu), an inflammation of the urethra not caused by gonorrhea, is the most common urethritis syndrome seen in men in the united states. it is a sexually transmitted infection commonly caused by chlamydia trachomatis, a pathogen which occurs more frequently in african-american men compared to white men. the purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to retention of study participants in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial that evaluated four treatmen ... | 2012 | 22261236 |
| the role of chlamydia and chlamydophila infections in reactive arthritis. | chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila pneumoniae are human pathogens; the former being the etiologic agent for trachoma as well as a prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium, while c. pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia. patients with reactive arthritis show evidence of present or past chlamydial infection. chlamydia spp., has been strongly implicated as a triggering factor for reactive arthritis. we describe the simultaneous occurrence of c. pneum ... | 2012 | 22214635 |
| modulation of mica on the surface of chlamydia trachomatis-infected endocervical epithelial cells promotes nk cell-mediated killing. | chlamydia trachomatis serovars d-k are obligate intracellular bacteria that have tropism for the columnar epithelial cells of the genital tract. c. trachomatis infection has been reported to induce modifications in immune cell ligand expression on epithelial host cells. in this study, we used an in vitro infection model that resulted in a partial infection of c. trachomatis-exposed primary-like immortalized endocervical epithelial cells (a2en). using this model, we demonstrated that expression o ... | 2012 | 22251247 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype in murine vascular smooth muscle cells independently of elevating reactive oxygen species. | nadph oxidases (nox) are reactive oxygen species (ros) -generating enzymes that play important physiological roles in host defence and redox signalling. however, nox activity is upregulated in the vascular wall during atherosclerosis and contributes to plaque formation by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. the bacterium, chlamydia pneumonia, has been detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) of human atheroma. we hypothesised that c. pneumoniae infection of vsmcs causes nox acti ... | 2011 | 22211630 |
| virulence determinants in the obligate intracellular pathogen chlamydia trachomatis revealed by forward genetic approaches. | chlamydia trachomatis, a pathogen responsible for diseases of significant clinical and public health importance, remains poorly characterized because of its intractability to routine molecular genetic manipulation. we have developed a combinatorial approach to rapidly generate a comprehensive library of genetically defined mutants. chemical mutagenesis, coupled with whole-genome sequencing (wgs) and a system for dna exchange within infected cells, was used to generate chlamydia mutants with dist ... | 2012 | 22232666 |
| chlamydia trachomatis as a probable cofactor in human papillomavirus infection in aboriginal women from northeastern argentina. | objectives: high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are strongly associated with cervical cancer (cc), and chlamydia trachomatis (ct), the most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infection (stbi) worldwide, seems to be a risk factor for hpv infection and for cc. it is also known that both agents are more prevalent in vulnerable communities where lack of adequate primary health care is a cause for concern. the aim of this work was to determine the impact of ct and hpv infections in wom ... | 2011 | 22218516 |
| epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections, hiv, and related high-risk behaviors among female sex workers in guangxi autonomous region, china. | this study assessed the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (stis), hiv, and associated risk factors among female sex workers (fsws) in guangxi autonomous region, china. a cross-sectional study of 488 fsws was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information. biological specimens from subjects were sampled to detect various stis and hiv infection. among fsws, the prevalence rates of syphilis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trach ... | 2012 | 22274163 |
| [influence of commune alpine pasturing on the seroconversion of chlamydia abortus in the region of vorarlberg]. | in total, 796 serum samples of sheep on commune alpine pastures in the region of vorarlberg were investigated by a commercial elisa kit for antibodies against chlamydia abortus, the agent of ovine enzootic abortion. the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence within this region and to compare these results with the seroprevalence in the neighboring canton graubünden as well as to obtain data on the seroconversion after alpine pasturing. therefore, 421 samples were collected before a ... | 2012 | 22222898 |
| dendrimer-enabled modulation of gene expression in chlamydia trachomatis. | the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis is an important human pathogen. the genome of this organism is small but encodes many genes of currently unknown function that are thought to be involved in virulence. lack of a system for genetic manipulation has been a key challenge to advancing understanding the molecular genetics underlying virulence for this bacterium. we developed a dendrimer-enabled system for transformation of c. trachomatis and we use it to demonstrate the effic ... | 2012 | 22263556 |
| treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), one of the most common infections in nonpregnant women of reproductive age, remains an important public health problem. it is associated with major long-term sequelae, including tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. in addition, treatment of acute pid and its complications incurs substantial health care costs. prevention of these long-term sequelae is dependent upon development of treatment strategies based on knowledge of the mi ... | 2011 | 22228985 |
| the molecular anatomy of human hsp60 and its similarity with that of bacterial orthologs and acetylcholine receptor reveal a potential pathogenetic role of anti-chaperonin immunity in myasthenia gravis. | heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) is ubiquitous and highly conserved being present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including pathogens. this chaperonin, although typically a mitochondrial protein, can also be found in other intracellular sites, extracellularly, and in circulation. thus, it can signal the immune system and participate in the development of inflammation and immune reactions. both phenomena can be elicited by human and foreign hsp60 (e.g., bacterial groel), when released into the blood ... | 2012 | 22258649 |
| two-dimensional informative array testing. | array-based group-testing algorithms for case identification are widely used in infectious disease testing, drug discovery, and genetics. in this article, we generalize previous statistical work in array testing to account for heterogeneity among individuals being tested. we first derive closed-form expressions for the expected number of tests (efficiency) and misclassification probabilities (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values) for two-dimensional array testing in a heterogeneous popula ... | 2011 | 22212007 |
| the impact of a brief motivational intervention on unprotected sex and sex while high among drug-positive emergency department patients who receive sti/hiv vc/t and drug treatment referral as standard of care. | this randomized, controlled trial, conducted among out-of-treatment heroin/cocaine users at an emergency department visit, tests the impact on sexual risk of adding brief motivational intervention (b-mi) to point-of-service testing, counseling and drug treatment referral. 1,030 enrollees aged 18-54 received either voluntary counseling/testing (vc/t) with drug treatment referral, or vc/t, referral, and b-mi, delivered by an outreach worker. we measured number and proportion of non-protected sex a ... | 2012 | 22261830 |
| identification of a new nanornase in bartonella. | in escherichia coli, only one essential oligoribonuclease (orn) can degrade oligoribonucleotides of five residues and shorter in length (nanorna). in bacillus subtilis, nrna and nrnb, which do not have any sequence similarity with orn, have been identified as functional analogs of orn. sequence comparisons did not allow identifying orn, nrna, or nrnb homologues in the genomes of the chlamydia/cyanobacteria and alphaproteobacteria family members. screening a genomic library from bartonella birtle ... | 2012 | 22262096 |
| transactional sexual relationships, sexually transmitted infection risk, and condom use among young black women in peri-urban areas of the western cape province of south africa. | background: transactional sexual behavior has been demonstrated as an important factor underlying the hiv epidemic in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between having a history of transactional sexual relationships with condom use and sti risk. methods: participants completed a behavioral questionnaire in isixhosa and provided self-collected vaginal swabs which were tested for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhea, and trichomonas vaginalis. multinom ... | 2012 | 22265179 |
| chlamydia trachomatis and pregnancy. | chlamydia trachomatis infection seems to have little impact on the outcome of pregnancy. if transmitted to the newborn during delivery, this pathogen can cause conjunctivitis or, occasionally, neonatal pneumonia. amoxicillin (a 7-day course) is the antibiotic of choice for pregnant women with c. trachomatis cervicitis or urethritis. there is no evidence that other antibiotics are safer or more effective. doxycycline and fluoroquinolones are contraindicated during pregnancy. the possible benefits ... | 2011 | 22216551 |