| mycobacterium confluentis sp. nov. | a new rapidly growing mycobacterium was isolated from human sputum. this organism grew at 22, 31, 37, and 41 degrees c and possessed catalase, acid phosphatase, acetamidase, urease, nicotinamidase, pyrazinamidase, and nitrate reductase activities. it did not produce nicotinic acid, hydrolyze tween, or have benzamidase, isonicotinamidase, succinidamidase, and arylsulfatase activities. a mycolic acid analysis revealed a simple, unique pattern. the organism is susceptible to antituberculotic drugs. ... | 1992 | 1374623 |
| molecular cloning of substance p receptor cdna from guinea-pig uterus. | a cdna encoding guinea-pig uterine substance p (sp) receptor has been isolated using the homology screening approach. northern blot analysis reveals that the corresponding mrna, of approx. 4.8 kb, is expressed in all tissues tested, but predominantly in the uteri of non-pregnant animals; during pregnancy its expression is reduced. the guinea-pig sp receptor was expressed in cos-7 cells and demonstrated relative ligand affinity in the order: sp much greater than neurokinin a greater than neurokin ... | 1992 | 1374648 |
| detection of acute hepatitis c virus infection by elisa using a synthetic peptide comprising a structural epitope. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed by using a synthetic polypeptide (sp) whose sequence was derived from the structural region of hepatitis c virus (hcv). results of several coded panels of sera obtained from volunteer blood donors and patients with apparent non-a, non-b hepatitis and/or hepatitis b virus used in this elisa were compared with those of a commercially available first-generation c-100 elisa (using nonstructural hcv antigens), an experimental second-generatio ... | 1992 | 1374903 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human trigeminal sensory system at developmental and adult life stages: immunohistochemistry, neuronal morphometry and coexistence with substance p. | the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) has been examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the gasserian ganglion and spinal nucleus of the human trigeminal nerve. in the ganglion cgrp is present in almost 50% of primary sensory neurons, in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres and in pericellular basket-like plexuses around non-immunoreactive ganglionic perikarya. morphometric analysis reveals that the cgrp-positive neuronal population is heterogeneous in cell ... | 1992 | 1375032 |
| effect of phospholipase a2 inhibitor ono-rs-082 on substance p-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | rat peritoneal mast cells purified on a percoll gradient were challenged with substance p (sp) and the effect of phospholipase a2 inhibitor ono-rs-082 on sp-induced histamine release from the cells was investigated. 10(-5) mol/l sp caused a significant histamine release and the amount of histamine release reached maximum at 1 min after the challenge. ono-rs-082 inhibited the sp-induced histamine release in a concentration-dependent manner at the concentration from 10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/l, suggest ... | 1992 | 1375204 |
| immunohistochemical and enzymehistochemical studies of peptidergic, aminergic and cholinergic innervation of the lacrimal gland of the monkey (macaca fuscata). | the distribution of nerve fibers containing peptides which include calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p (sp), neuropeptide y (npy) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and enzymes of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) in the lacrimal gland of the monkey (macaca fuscata) was studied using immunohistochemical and enzymehistochemical methods. we also examined the trigeminal ganglion (tg) and superior cervical ganglion (scg) using the same methods. all pe ... | 1992 | 1375236 |
| substance p enhances il-2 expression in activated human t cells. | jurkat and hut 78 t cell lines, as well as peripheral blood human t cells activated with pha plus pma were used to investigate the capacity of substance p (sp) neuropeptide to regulate il-2 production. by using northern blot analysis and dosage of the il-2 release in cell supernatants, we show that sp can act as cosignal with pha + pma to enhance the expression of specific il-2 mrna and il-2 secretion in t cells. by using the n-terminal sp(1-4) or the c-terminal sp(4-11) fragments of the entire ... | 1992 | 1375246 |
| substance p inhibits activation of calcium-dependent potassium conductances in guinea-pig myenteric neurones. | 1. intracellular recordings were made from myenteric ah neurones of the guinea-pig ileum in vitro. some experiments were done with a single-electrode voltage clamp to measure membrane currents. 2. substance p (sp) applied by superfusion (10 nm-300 nm), pressure ejection (100 nm-10 microm, 760 mmhg, for 10-20 ms) or ionophoresis (1 mm, 100 na, for 0.2 s) caused a membrane depolarization and an inward current, associated with a decrease in potassium conductance. 3. the sp-induced depolarization wa ... | 1992 | 1375630 |
| studies on neurokinin antagonists. 1. the design of novel tripeptides possessing the glutaminyl-d-tryptophylphenylalanine sequence as substance p antagonists. | to discover a novel and low molecular weight substance p (sp) antagonist we postulated that the essential binding domain of peptide ligands was only a small portion in the whole structure. on the basis of this assumption, we selected the known octapeptide sp antagonist d-pro-gln-gln-d-trp-phe-d-trp-d-trp-phe-nh2 (1) as a lead and synthesized its fragment tripeptides which were evaluated for their activity to block 3h-sp binding on guinea pig lung membranes. the protected tripeptide n alpha-[n al ... | 1992 | 1375965 |
| [effects of substance p on the activities of oviductal isthmic smooth muscle in rabbits]. | the effect of substance p (sp) on the activities of oviductal isthmic smooth muscle in rabbits was studied. rabbits were divided into estrous, diestrous and ovariectomized groups. the results were as follows: (1) sp suppressed the activity of the oviductal isthmic smooth muscle in diestrous rabbit (p less than 0.05). (2) sp did not suppress the activities of the oviductal isthmic smooth muscles in estrous and ovariectomized rabbits (p greater than 0.05). | 1992 | 1376004 |
| [rp 67580, a potent and selective substance p non-peptide antagonist]. | the pharmacological properties of 7,7-diphenyl-2 [1-imino-2 (2-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl] perhydroisoindol-4-one (3 ar, 7 ar) or rp67580 are described. this compound, derived from a novel chemical family, is a potent and selective substance p (sp) antagonist, in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, it inhibited in a competitive manner (ic50 = 10 nm) 3h-sp binding in rat brain (nk1 receptors). it did not interact with the two other tachykinin receptor sites (nk2 and nk3) nor the other receptor sites tested. ... | 1992 | 1376187 |
| substance p-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fiber projections from the superior colliculus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rat. | substance p (sp)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-, and cholecystokinin (cck)-like immunoreactive (li) neurons were found in the superior colliculus (sc) of the rat, and examined to ascertain whether they sent projection fibers to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgnd). immunocytochemical staining with antisera against sp, vip, and cck showed that many immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were located in the superficial layers of the sc, especially in the stratum griseum superficia ... | 1992 | 1376278 |
| dipyridamole enhances an anti-proliferative effect of interferon in various types of human tumor cells. | the anti-proliferative activity of human interferon (huifn) was enhanced by dipyridamole, 2,6-bis-(diethanolamino)-4,8-dipiperidinopyrimido-[5,4-d]-py rimidine, when tested against various human tumor cell lines, including kt (breast carcinoma), plc/prf/5 (hepatoma), mgc-i, u251-sp and t98 (glioma), hac-2 and shin-3 (ovarian carcinoma), and mm-icb (melanoma). the enhancement occurred irrespective of the kind of huifn used (alpha, beta or gamma) and the original degree of susceptibility of the ce ... | 1992 | 1376301 |
| substance p produces sodium and bicarbonate secretion in porcine jejunal mucosa through an action on enteric neurons. | the neuropeptide substance p (sp) produces transient elevations in short-circuit current (isc), a measure of active ion transport, across sheets of small intestinal mucosae from several animal species, but the ionic basis of this action remains unknown. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sp promotes electrogenic anion secretion in the porcine proximal jejunum, an intestinal segment analogous to the human upper small intestine. sheets of jejunal mucosa with attached submucosa r ... | 1992 | 1376357 |
| neurokinin receptors and mucosal ion transport in porcine jejunum. | neurokinin (nk) peptides such as substance p (sp) may modulate epithelial ion transport in the small intestine. the present study was undertaken to examine the pharmacological mechanisms by which sp and its endogenous homologs nka and nkb affect active electrolyte transport in the mucosa of porcine jejunum. neurokinins and nk agonist analogs increased short circuit current, a measure of active ion transport, across sheets of jejunal mucosa-submucosa with the order of potency: sp greater than [be ... | 1992 | 1376358 |
| alterations of spinal dorsal horn substance p following electroacupuncture analgesia--a study of the formalin test with immunohistochemistry and densitometry. | substance p (sp), released from thin afferent terminals, is believed to be a neurotransmitter for pain transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. it has been demonstrated that in addition to analgesia, morphine increases the accumulation of sp possibly due to the inhibition of its release. the present work investigated the level of spinal sp like immunoreactivity (spli) following electroacupuncture analgesia in rats using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. experiment results revealed that for ... | 1992 | 1376550 |
| re-innervation of submucosal arterioles by myenteric neurones following extrinsic denervation. | we used a combination of selective lesions, immunohistochemistry and video monitoring of arteriolar diameter to determine the source of the changes in vasodilator innervation to guinea pig ileal submucosal arterioles which occur following removal of their extrinsic sympathetic and sensory nerve fibre input. a non-cholinergic neurogenic vasodilation appeared in arterioles in which extrinsic denervation was performed 50-90 days previously. the non-cholinergic innervation did not result from regrow ... | 1992 | 1376737 |
| effects of intrathecal antibodies to substance p, calcitonin gene-related peptide and galanin on repeated cold stress-induced hyperalgesia: comparison with carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. | rats exposed to a cold environment (4 degrees c) for 30 min every 1 h during the day and at night show a gradual decrease in the nociceptive threshold for pressure stimulation. such hyperalgesia, referred to as repeated cold stress (rcs)-induced hyperalgesia, is stable for at least 4 h and maintained for 3 days only by exposing to cold overnight; thus, no adaptation to rcs is apparent. hyperalgesia gradually returns over 4 days after cold exposure ceases. to determine whether three neuropeptides ... | 1992 | 1376888 |
| cooperative regulation of nerve growth factor synthesis and secretion in fibroblasts and astrocytes by fibroblast growth factor and other cytokines. | acidic fibroblast growth factor (afgf) enhances nerve growth factor (ngf) synthesis by astrocytes obtained from various brain regions. ngf secretion by fibrous-shaped astrocytes transformed by dibutyryl-camp (db-camp) pretreatment was less than that by untreated astrocytes. however, afgf also enhanced ngf secretion by fibrous-shaped astrocytes. the effects of various kinds of intracellular signaling modulators on ngf synthesis were examined. none of the following second messenger effectors had a ... | 1992 | 1377078 |
| ultrastructural double-labeling demonstrates synaptic contacts between dopaminergic terminals and substance p-containing striatal neurons in pigeons. | immunohistochemical studies in rats have demonstrated dopaminergic input onto medium spiny neurons of the striatum. medium spiny neurons, however, are known to consist of two major neuropeptide-specific types, those containing substance p (sp) and those containing enkephalin. although both of these types have been shown to receive dopaminergic input onto their perikarya and proximal dendrites, the extent to which both types also receive direct dopaminergic input onto distal dendritic shafts or o ... | 1992 | 1377090 |
| tachykinin-induced dyspnea in conscious guinea pigs. | aerosol administration of neurokinin a (nka) or substance p (sp) to conscious guinea pigs produced labored abdominal breathing (dyspnea). time to onset of dyspnea was inversely related to tachykinin concentration. aerosol administration of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor thiorphan significantly potentiated tachykinin-induced dyspnea without affecting responses to leukotriene d4 (ltd4), carbachol, histamine, platelet activating factor or serotonin (5-ht), indicating selectivity for tachykinin ... | 1992 | 1377129 |
| changes of chemoarchitectural organization of the rat spinal cord following ventral and dorsal root transection. | time-related changes in the distribution of chemical messengers in the rat spinal cord following the transection of dorsal and ventral roots were observed by using immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: microtubule-associated protein 2 (map2), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p (sp), galanin (gal), met-enkephalin (enk), neuropeptide y (npy), and serotonin (5-ht). to investigate dendrocytoarchitectonic organizational changes, morphometric analyses were performed on both ... | 1992 | 1377201 |
| the effects of decentralization on substance p-immunoreactivity in the anterior major pelvic ganglion of the male guinea pig. | the anterior major pelvic ganglion (ampg) of the male guinea pig possesses a substance p (sp)-immunoreactive peri-neuronal plexus. selective nerve transections involving the principal inputs of the ampg, the hypogastric and pelvic nerves, indicate that the sp-immunoreactive peri-neuronal plexus is derived from multiple sources: an extrinsic source involving both the hypogastric and pelvic nerves, and another source (possibly the projections of small intensely fluorescent cells). sp-immunoreactiv ... | 1992 | 1377212 |
| a signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus. | the presynaptic terminal and axon of neurons can undergo structural changes in response to environmental signals. since these changes require protein synthesis in the cell body, the needs of the periphery must somehow be communicated to the cell soma. to look for such a mechanism, we used artificial protein constructs with properties expected of a signal that is transported from the axon to the nucleus. one construct consisted of the nuclear import signal peptide (sp) of the sv40 large t antigen ... | 1992 | 1377237 |
| substance p immunoreactivity of rat brain stem neurons in primary culture. | substance p (sp)-ergic neurons from 16/17 day-embryonic rat brain stem in primary culture were identified by immunocytochemistry using biotinylated avidin and phosphatase alkaline methods with affinity-purified anti-sp antibodies. an average of 84% of neurons contained sp from day 9 to day 21 after plating. these in vitro data show that sp-containing neurons develop in our culture conditions. sp may act as a maturation factor as well as a neurotransmitter. | 1992 | 1377281 |
| substance p synaptic interactions with gabaergic and dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra: an ultrastructural double-labeling immunocytochemical study. | the distribution of substance p (sp), tyrosine hydroxylase (th), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of the rat was studied by means of an ultrastructural double-labeling immunocytochemical method. direct synaptic contact between sp-immunoreactive terminals and gad-positive nigral neurons was more often observed in the pars lateralis than the pars reticularis and was rarely observed in the pars compacta. substance p-positive terminals also formed synaps ... | 1992 | 1377584 |
| [the changes of substance p contents in central nervous system of renal hypertensive rats]. | the changes of substance p-like immunoreactivity (spli) were determined in the central nervous system of renal hypertensive rats (produced by application of a constricting clip on the left renal artery), as compared with those of sham-operated controls. the results showed that the substance sp (sp) contents in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rvm) and intermediolateral cell column (iml) of the thoracic spinal cord in renal hypertensive rats (rhr) were significantly higher than those in the con ... | 1992 | 1377608 |
| [effect of hypoxia on vasodilation induced by substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)]. | in this paper, isolated rabbit arteries (renal artery, ra; femoral artery, fa; basilar artery, ba) were used to study the effect of hypoxia on vasodilation induced by substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp). the results showed that hypoxia caused a marked decrease of the arteries, response to sp (10(-7) mol/l) and cgrp (2.8 x 10(-9) mol/l). repeated hypoxia even resulted in a complete disappearance of response. on the second hypoxia, cgrp (2.8 x 10(-9) mol/l) induced vasodila ... | 1992 | 1377609 |
| [effects of substance p in rat spinal cord on the humoral immune response to srbc]. | the effects of substance p (sp) in rat spinal cord on the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) were investigated by the hemolytic plaque-forming cell (pfc) technique. radioimmunoassay was used for assessing sp content. catecholamines contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with electrochemical-detection. the results suggest that sp in the spinal dorsal horn, but not in the lateral horn, could inhibit the thymus-dependent humoral immune response ... | 1992 | 1377610 |
| [determination of antigen-dependent activity of human lung cancer transfer factor by h3-leucine leucine leukocyte adherence inhibition assay]. | this report is to demonstrate the antigen-dependent activity of human lung cancer transfer factor (sp-tf). sp-tfm was prepared from spleen of mice immunized with the human lung cancer cell line a549. [3h]-leu leukocyte adherence inhibition assay ([3h]-leu-lai) was modified to identify activity of sp-tfm. leukocytes obtained from non-immunized mice were divided into eight groups as follows: 1. control without tf or antigen; 2. sp-tfm and antigen of cell line a549 (a549 ag); 3. sp-tfm alone; 4. sp ... | 1992 | 1377621 |
| substance p depresses bioelectrical responses evoked in the nucleus tractus solitarii: interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons. | the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of substance p (sp) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on responses evoked in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nts) by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral sinusal nerve were studied in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. both sp (0.01-10 micrograms) and gaba (100 micrograms) significantly depressed the presumably c-fiber mediated, late negative wave of the response. the effects were almost completely prevented by bicuculline (10 ... | 1992 | 1377632 |
| substance p-immunoreactive sensory axons in the rat respiratory tract: a quantitative study of their distribution and role in neurogenic inflammation. | substance p is one of the peptides released from sensory nerves that mediate "neurogenic inflammation." although substance p-immunoreactive (sp-ir) axons are known to be present within the mucosa of the respiratory tract, the relative extent of the innervation of various components of the mucosa is not known. therefore, we determined the distribution and number of sp-ir axons in the rat trachea and bronchi, by using immunohistochemistry on tissue whole mounts. specifically, we sought to learn wh ... | 1992 | 1377714 |
| interaction of putative neurotransmitters in rostral ventrolateral medullary cardiovascular neurons. | as recent immunohistochemical evidence has shown the coexistence of putative neurotransmitters in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rvlm), we have investigated the possibility that there may be an interaction of putative transmitters on the firing frequency of cardiovascular neurons in the rvlm. extracellular activity was recorded from 37 spontaneously firing units in the right rvlm of urethane anaesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. nine of these units were classified as cardiovascular ... | 1992 | 1377729 |
| nervous control of the release of substance p and neurokinin a from the isolated perfused porcine ileum. | using isolated perfused porcine ileum we studied the release of substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) in response to electrical stimulation of the mixed periarterial nerves and to infusion of different neuroactive agents. nerve stimulation (8 hz) had no significant effect on the release of sp and nka. nerve stimulation also had no effect on the release of sp and nka during infusion of atropine (10(-6) m) or phentolamine (10(-5) m), whereas a significant increase (from 8.2 +/- 1.9 to 20.1 +/- 4 ... | 1992 | 1377730 |
| simultaneous existence of galactose-containing glycoprotein and several neuropeptides in drg of the rat. | by use of light microscopic immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical methods, the interrelation of galactose-containing glycoprotein (gcgp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like, leu-enkephalin (l-enk)-like, and substance p (sp)-like peptides has been evaluated on consecutive sections of dorsal root ganglia from colchicine-treated rats. the results showed that gcgp, cgrp, l-enk and sp exist simultaneously in individual neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in rats. almost all small neuro ... | 1992 | 1377755 |
| identification of the uncultured bacillus of whipple's disease. | whipple's disease is a systemic disorder known for 85 years to be associated with an uncultured, and therefore unidentified, bacillus. | 1992 | 1377787 |
| release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and tachykinins from the rat trachea. | the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neurokinin a (nka) and substance p (sp) from intralumenally perfused rat trachea was examined in vitro. in accord with the relative tissue levels of the respective peptides, capsaicin (10(-8) to 10(-5) m) and k+ (120 mm) added to the perfusate resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the levels of cgrp and nka, and to a minor extent sp, in the perfusates. sequential exposure of the trachea to capsaicin revealed a concentration-depen ... | 1992 | 1377821 |
| substance p inactivation by transglutaminase in vitro. | gamma(glutamyl5)spermine derivative of substance p (spm-sp) was synthesized in vitro in the presence of purified guinea pig liver transglutaminase and ca2+. the spermine adduct of the neuropeptide was purified by hplc on a reversed-phase column and characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. the biological activities of spm-sp were tested by assaying, in comparison with substance p, its ability to induce both the contractions of smooth muscle in vitro and the edema formation in viv ... | 1992 | 1377822 |
| tissue distribution and innervation pattern of peptide immunoreactivities in the rat pancreas. | the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p/tachykinin (sp/tk), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), neuropeptide y (npy) and gastrin-releasing peptide (grp) immunreactivities (ir) in the rat pancreas was investigated using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. cgrp, npy and vip tissue contents are much higher than grp and sp/tk concentrations. peptide-containing nerves are distributed to both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. however, differences exist in ... | 1992 | 1377823 |
| [on the relation between substance p and physostigmine on cardiovascular control in rabbit brain]. | using an electromagnetic flowmeter technique, the cardiac output as measured by blood flow in the aortic arch was measured during intracerebroventricular injection (icv.) of substance p (sp) and physostigmine in 47 anesthetized rabbits. carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. after icv of sp (20 micrograms/20 microliters) or physostigmine (60 micrograms/20 microliters), both cardiac output and mean artery pressure were increased. pretreatment with icv. of atropine (150 microg ... | 1992 | 1377837 |
| substance p modulates autonomic nerve activity in canine hearts. | we examined the hypothesis that substance p (sp) acts as an "afferent neuromodulator" in the heart regulating the response of the cardiac autonomic nerves to reflexes originating in the heart. we employed the acute, isovolumic canine heart preparation in which the amplitude of the chamber pressure accurately reflects changes in contractility. the heart was decentralized except for one-half of the right vagus, which was left intact to permit afferent communication with the central nervous system, ... | 1992 | 1377875 |
| effect of ca2+ ionophores on membrane potential of pig coronary artery endothelial cells. | ca2+ ionophores (a23187 and ionomycin) were used to determine whether an increase in cytosolic ca2+ plays a direct role in pig coronary endothelial cell hyperpolarization. ionophores induced concentration-dependent hyperpolarizations that were not altered by the presence of n omega-nitro-l-argnine (l-nna), and inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. d-tubocurarine decreased by 65-89% the a23187- and substance p (sp)-generated hyperpolarization of endothelial cells. to study the role of endothelial ... | 1992 | 1377877 |
| phylogenetic position of rhizobium sp. strain or 191, a symbiont of both medicago sativa and phaseolus vulgaris, based on partial sequences of the 16s rrna and nifh genes. | phenotypic and dna sequence comparisons are presented for eight rhizobium isolates that were cultured from field-grown alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in oregon. these isolates were previously shown to nodulate both alfalfa and common bean (phaseolus vulgaris (l.) savi.). the objective of the present study was to determine their phylogenetic relationships to the normal symbionts of these plants, rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, respectively. phenotypically, the oregon ... | 1992 | 1377901 |
| prenatal ontogeny of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal spinal caudal subnucleus of the human fetus--an immunocytochemical study. | using an immunocytochemical method, the prenatal ontogeny of substance p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li) was demonstrated in the trigeminal spinal caudal subnucleus (tscs) of human fetus, fetal age (menstruation age) 11.5-40 weeks. the time of initial appearance of sp-li in the human brainstem tscs was between the fetal age 11.5 weeks and 16 weeks. while the fetus grew, the density of spli fibers and terminals in the human fetus brainstem tscs increased constantly from fetal age 16 weeks to 40 wee ... | 1992 | 1377977 |
| firing characteristics of vestibular nuclei neurons in the alert monkey after bilateral vestibular neurectomy. | after destruction of the peripheral vestibular system which is not activated by moving large-field visual stimulation, not only labyrinthine-ocular reflexes but also optokinetic-ocular responses related to the "velocity storage" mechanism are abolished. in the normal monkey optokinetic-ocular responses are reflected in sustained activity changes of central vestibular neurons within the vestibular nuclei. to account for the loss of optokinetic responses after labyrinthectomy, inactivation of cent ... | 1992 | 1378026 |
| aeromonas allosaccharophila sp. nov., a new mesophilic member of the genus aeromonas. | phenotypic and genetic studies were performed on some atypical aeromonas strains of uncertain taxonomic position. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that these strains represent a hitherto unknown genetic line within the genus aeromonas, for which the name aeromonas allosaccharophila sp. nov. is proposed. the type strain is cect 4199. | 1992 | 1378035 |
| responses of isolated japanese monkey tracheal muscle to allergic mediators. | the responsiveness of isolated japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) tracheal muscle to antigen, carbachol, histamine, leukotriene c4 (ltc4), u-46619 and substance p (sp) was compared to that of isolated human trachea. weak but persistent contraction was observed after the addition of antigen to isolated japanese monkey tracheal muscle passively sensitized with monkey serum containing ige antibody against japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica) antigen. unlike monkey tracheal muscle, a fair amount of c ... | 1992 | 1378043 |
| estradiol pulses induce progestin receptors selectively in substance p-immunoreactive neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus of female guinea pigs. | low doses of estradiol, administered as pulses, are as effective as higher doses for priming ovariectomized (ovx) guinea pigs to display progesterone-facilitated lordosis. high doses of estradiol, administered by constant-release implants, induce progestin receptors in many substance p-immunoreactive (sp-ir) neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus (vlh), a site at which estradiol primes ovx guinea pigs to respond behaviorally to progesterone. to test the hypothesis that behaviorally effective ... | 1992 | 1378085 |
| progestin receptors in substance p-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of male guinea pigs after behaviorally effective estradiol pulse treatment. | pulsatile administration of estradiol effectively primes orchidectomized (orch) male guinea pigs to display progesterone-facilitated lordosis. in contrast, a single injection of estradiol benzoate (eb) is not behaviorally effective. in ovariectomized female guinea pigs, estradiol pulses induce progestin receptors selectively in substance p neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus (vlh), a site at which estradiol primes females to respond behaviorally to progesterone. to test the hypothesis that ... | 1992 | 1378086 |
| fk 224, a novel cyclopeptide substance p antagonist with nk1 and nk2 receptor selectivity. | we have discovered a novel cyclopeptide substance p (sp) antagonist, fk 224 (n-[n2-[n-[n-[n-[2,3-didehydro-n-methyl-n-[n-[3-(2-pentylphenyl )- propionyl]-l-threonyl]tyrosyl-l-leucynyl]-d-phenylalanyl]-l-allo- threonyl]-l-asparaginyl]-l-serine-nu-lactone), which inhibited [3h]sp binding to guinea pig lung membranes in a dose-dependent manner. according to rosenthal analysis, the inhibitory effect of fk 224 on [3h]sp binding appears to be competitive. in order to clarify the receptor subtype selec ... | 1992 | 1378096 |
| effects of fk224, a novel compound nk1 and nk2 receptor antagonist, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins and sensory nerve stimulation in guinea pigs. | fk224 (n-[n2-[n-[n-[n-[2,3-didehydro-n-methyl-n-[n-[3-(2- penthylphenyl)-propionyl]-l-threonyl]tyrosyl]-l-leucynyl]-d- phenylalanyl]-l-allo-threonyl]-l-asparaginyl]-l-serine-nu-lactone) is a novel neurokinin (nk) antagonist that exhibits selectivity for nk1 and nk2 receptors. the effects of fk224 on airway constriction and airway edema induced by nks and nerve stimulation have been investigated in guinea pigs. fk224 inhibited the contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea induced by substance p ... | 1992 | 1378097 |
| insulin releasing effects of mastoparan and amphiphilic substance p receptor antagonists on rinm5f insulinoma cells. | it has been proposed that mastoparan (inlkalaalakkil) and other mast cell secretagogues such as substance p (sp) or compound 48/80 act by direct activation of the pertussis toxin (ptx)-sensitive g-proteins in intact cells. here we have investigated whether or not the antagonists of sp, [d-trp7,9,10] sp1-11 and [d-trp7,9,10, n-leu11]sp1-11, can similarly induce exocytosis from rinm5f cells. in intact cells mastoparan and the sp antagonists stimulated insulin release in a dose-dependent manner at ... | 1992 | 1378173 |
| modulation of bronchial reactivity by angiotensin-converting enzyme in unanesthetized guinea pigs. | to investigate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) in the modulation of bronchial reactivity, we tested the effects of a specific ace inhibitor, captopril (cap), on the bronchial reactivity to substance p (sp) and methacholine (mch) in unanesthetized guinea pigs. the relative role of ace on the vascular endothelium and ace in the airway tissue was examined by administering cap as an intravenous infusion and by an inhaled aerosol. bronchial reactivity was evaluated by a provocative do ... | 1992 | 1378253 |
| a selective and potent antagonist of substance p receptors on pancreatic acinar cells. | cp-96,345 [(2s, 3s) cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-n-((2-methoxyphenyl)-methyl)-1- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine] belongs to a new class of nonpeptide antagonists of the substance p (sp) receptor. the effects of this compound on [125i]-labelled bolton-hunter substance p ([125i]-bh-sp) binding and cytoplasmic ca2+ ([ca2+]i) responses of pancreatic acinar cells have now been studied. ic50 of cp 96,345 for binding of [125i]-bh-sp and for sp-induced (3 x 10(-9) m) rise of [ca2+]i were about 10(-9) m. cp-96 ... | 1992 | 1378274 |
| the role of cyclic amp in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic contraction in guinea-pig bronchi. | 1. we investigated the role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic amp) in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (nanc) contraction in guinea-pig bronchial strips. 2. forskolin (3 nm to 1 microm) reduced nanc contraction induced by electrical field stimulation (efs) in a concentration-dependent fashion (-log ec50 was 7.22 +/- 0.12 m and maximum inhibition was 100 +/- 0.01%). however, forskolin (less than 1 microm) did not alter the contraction induced by substance p (sp, 1 microm). 3. dibutyry ... | 1992 | 1378340 |
| multiphasic effect of morphine on the release of substance p from rat trigeminal nucleus slices. | it is generally accepted that morphine acts presynaptically to inhibit substance p (sp) release from afferent terminals in the trigeminal nucleus. recent studies, however, provide evidence that opioids produce both inhibitory and excitatory effects on sp release which are concentration- and receptor subtype-dependent. in the present study, we have examined a wide range of morphine concentrations on k(+)-evoked sp release from rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis slices. immunoreactive sp was measured ... | 1992 | 1378346 |
| morphine produces a multiphasic effect on the release of substance p from rat trigeminal nucleus slices by activating different opioid receptor subtypes. | morphine (mor) produces a concentration-dependent multiphasic effect (inhibitions and facilitations) on k(+)-evoked substance p (sp) release from rat trigeminal nucleus slices. in this study, we tested the action of selective opioid receptor antagonists on this multiphasic effect of mor. 1 nm mor produced an inhibition of k(+)-evoked release of sp that was affected only by the selective mu 1-opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine (1 nm). mor at 100 nm elicited an increase in sp release which wa ... | 1992 | 1378347 |
| effect of peptidase inhibition on the pattern of intraspinally released immunoreactive substance p detected with antibody microprobes. | antibody microprobes bearing antibodies to the c-terminus of substance p (sp) were used to measure release of immunoreactive (ir) sp in the dorsal horn of barbiturate anaesthetized spinal cats. electrical stimulation of unmyelinated primary afferents of the ipsilateral tibial nerve produced a relatively localised release of ir sp in the superficial dorsal horn. prior microinjection of the peptidase inhibitors kelatorphan and enalaprilat in the dorsal horn resulted in ir sp being detected over th ... | 1992 | 1378348 |
| transforming growth factor beta has neurotrophic actions on sensory neurons in vitro and is synergistic with nerve growth factor. | transforming growth factor beta (tgf beta) influences the growth and differentiation of a wide variety of nonneuronal cells (nnc) during embryogenesis and in response to wounding. in the present study tgf beta 1 and tgf beta 2 were examined for their neurotrophic actions on neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons with ganglionic nnc in dissociated cultures. tgf beta 1 and tgf beta 2 each increased both neuronal survival and levels of the peptide neurotransmitter substance p (sp) expresse ... | 1992 | 1378411 |
| tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and taurine release from human astrocytoma cells. | the activation of nk1 receptors on u373 mg human astrocytoma cells by substance p (sp) and related tachykinins was accompanied by an increase in taurine release and an accumulation of inositol phosphates. both of these effects could be inhibited by spantide, a sp receptor antagonist. the relative potency of tachykinins in stimulating 3h-inositol phosphate accumulation correlated very well with their effects in stimulating the release of [3h]-taurine and inhibition 125i-bolton-hunter reagent-conj ... | 1992 | 1378485 |
| preincubation with substance p induces substance p-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. | in this study we have investigated the effects of preincubation of cultured astrocytes with substance p (sp) on subsequent 125i-bolton-hunter conjugated sp (125i-bhsp) receptor binding, and sp-stimulated phosphatidyl-inositol (pi) accumulation. spinal cord astrocytes preincubated for up to 96 h with sp (0.001-1,000 nm) suffered a dose-dependent decrease in both subsequent 125i-bhsp and sp-stimulated pi turnover. in contrast, preincubation of cerebellar astrocytes with sp resulted in an increase ... | 1992 | 1378486 |
| increased calcitonin gene-related peptide- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities in spinal motoneurones after dorsal rhizotomy. | possible changes in neuropeptides within the ventral horn of the spinal cord were investigated after unilateral dorsal rhizotomy at the lumbar level (l1-l6) in adult rats. ten days after the surgery, immunohistochemical observations and radioimmunological determinations confirmed a marked loss of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)- and substance p (sp)-like immunoreactivities within the superficial layers of the deafferented dorsal horn, as expected from the degeneration of primary afferent ... | 1992 | 1378744 |
| the effect of tachykinins on sheep bronchomotor tone. | the mammalian tachykinin neuropeptides substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) are present in the airways of several species and are involved in control of bronchomotor tone. we investigated the effect of sp and nka on various respiratory and cardiovascular parameters in anaesthetized sheep. dose-dependent decrease in dynamic compliance (cdyn) and increase in respiratory resistance (rl) occurred with intravenous administration of sp. the predominant effect of nka was on cdyn with little or no ef ... | 1992 | 1378745 |
| the discovery of (2s,3s)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-n-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1- azabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan-3-amine as a novel, nonpeptide substance p antagonisst. | we describe the structure-activity relationship development of a series of quinuclidines which culminated in the first potent, selective, nonpeptide substance p (sp) antagonist, (2s,3s)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-n-[(2-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]-1- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine, 3 (cp-96,345). compound 3 is a potent displacer of [3h]sp binding in human im-9 cells and blocks sp-induced and capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation, as well as sp-induced salivation in the rat in vivo. this compound may both ... | 1992 | 1378901 |
| spermine and related polyamines produce a voltage-dependent reduction of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor single-channel conductance. | several polyamines have been shown to interact with a site on the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor that regulates the binding of open channel blockers. spermine (sp) and spermidine (sd), polyamine agonists, enhanced binding of open channel blockers, whereas arcaine (arc), diethylenetriamine (det), and putrescine (put), polyamine antagonists, reduced the polyamine enhancement of open channel blocker binding. we previously showed that sp had multiple actions on nmda receptor single-channel cur ... | 1992 | 1378923 |
| neural changes in acute arthritis in monkeys. iii. changes in substance p, calcitonin gene-related peptide and glutamate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. | the effects of an experimentally induced arthritis on immunoreactivity of putative primary afferents neurotransmitter/neuromodulators were examined. immunoreactive staining for substance p (sp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and glutamate (glu) in the monkey dorsal horn was examined following inflammation of one knee joint induced by injection of 5% kaolin and 5% carrageenan. spinal cords were examined at different time periods after induction of arthritis (2.5, 4, 6 and 8 h). side to s ... | 1992 | 1379098 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide enhances substance p-induced behaviors via metabolic inhibition: in vivo evidence for a new mechanism of neuromodulation. | the present study examined the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) on caudally directed biting and scratching induced by i.t. substance p (sp), bombesin (bbs), strychnine (str), and kainic acid (ka). cgrp alone (5.25, 10.5 and 21 nmol) had no effect on these behaviors, but cgrp pretreatment produced a dose-related enhancement of behaviors induced by sp or bbs, but not by ka or str. 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (apv, 25 nmol), a selective n-methyl- ... | 1992 | 1379108 |
| substance p stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion from anterior pituitary cells in culture. | substance p (sp) is present in the anterior pituitary gland (ap), and its concentration there is regulated by the hormonal status of the animal. the observation that sp is releasable from hemipituitaries in a k(+)-stimulated, ca(2+)-dependent manner and the demonstration of sp-binding sites in the ap have led to the suggestion that sp participates in a paracrine or autocrine manner in the regulation of ap function. contradictory reports of the effects of sp on the secretion of ap hormones, parti ... | 1992 | 1379165 |
| human thymic epithelial cells in serum-free culture: nature and effects on thymocyte cell lines. | thymic epithelial cells (tec) have been cultured for several months and/or for 4 to 5 transfers in a growth factor-defined serum-free medium without concurrent growth of other cell types. the use of monoclonal antibodies and alpha mam-6 indicated that the majority of tec were of medullary origin. the vast majority of cells were positive for lfa-3 and class i, and class ii expression was low or absent. supernatants from the cultures were shown to contain il-1 beta, il-6, and m-csf. coculture of c ... | 1992 | 1379502 |
| g protein antagonists. a novel hydrophobic peptide competes with receptor for g protein binding. | a substance p (sp) analog, [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10] sp4-11, is known to inhibit the actions of various structurally unrelated messenger molecules as well as sp. our studies on the effects of this peptide on the regulation of purified g proteins by receptor showed that at least some of the biological effects of the peptide can be explained by the ability of the peptide to block the activation of g proteins by receptors. here we report that a novel truncated sp-related peptide, pglu-gln-d-trp-phe-d-tr ... | 1992 | 1379592 |
| transcripts encoding protein kinase c-alpha, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta, and -eta are expressed in basal and differentiating mouse keratinocytes in vitro and exhibit quantitative changes in neoplastic cells. | the protein kinase c (pkc) family of phospholipid-dependent serine-threonine kinases has been implicated in keratinocyte differentiation and neoplastic transformation. to determine if ca(2+)-mediated keratinocyte differentiation is associated with changes in pkc isozyme gene expression, rna was isolated from primary mouse keratinocytes grown in medium with 0.05, 0.12, or 1.4 mm ca2+. based on northern blot analysis, primary keratinocytes expressed mrna encoding pkc-alpha, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta ... | 1992 | 1379814 |
| an immunohistochemical study on neurons and paraneurons of the pre- and post-natal chicken lung. | the indirect immunoperoxidase (pap) method was used on chicken lung specimens from embryos ranging in age from 6 days to hatching, chicks and adult chickens of up to 6 months. the ontogenesis and distribution of neurons and paraneurons containing immunoreactivities for serotonin (5ht), bombesin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), substance p (sp) and galanin were investigated. serotonin-immunoreactive paraneurons were first detected in the pulmonary mesenchyma of 8-day-old embryos, while i ... | 1992 | 1379825 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. | clarithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin. it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, similar to that of erythromycin and inhibits a range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, atypical pathogens and some anaerobes. significantly, clarithromycin demonstrates greater in vitro activity than erythromycin against certain pathogens including bacteroides melaninogenicus, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia tracho ... | 1992 | 1379907 |
| specific binding sites for 125i-endothelin-1 in the porcine and human spinal cord. | specific binding sites for 125i-endothelin-1 (125i-et-1) in the spinal cord were investigated using quantitative receptor autoradiographic and chemical cross-linking methods. the binding sites were highly concentrated in porcine and human spinal cord areas corresponding anatomically to the dorsal horn (rexed's laminae i-iii), an area around the central canal (lamina x) and the principal part of the intermediolateral nucleus (imlp). the localization of the binding sites differed from those of 125 ... | 1992 | 1379931 |
| n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism alters substance p and met5-enkephalin biosynthesis in neurons of the rat striatum. | a reduction of striatal excitatory amino acids or of corticostriatal axons alters substance p (sp) and met5-enkephalin (me) biosynthesis in striatal neurons of the rat. to determine the role of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor in this effect, adult rats were treated acutely with a single i.c.v. injection or chronically by 7 days of continuous infusion of an nmda antagonist. the striatal content of preprotachykinin (ppt) and preproenkephalin (ppe) mrna was assessed by in situ hybridizatio ... | 1992 | 1380083 |
| ultrastructural characterization of substance-p-immunoreactive synaptic terminals in the cat's normal and rhizotomized trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. | deafferenting injuries often cause transient or permanent physiological alterations within the central projection field of affected primary afferent fibers. aberrant sensory perceptions, dysesthesias, and hyperalgesias represent the clinical sequelae of such injuries; however, the results of experimental deafferentations have been subject to a variety of interpretations (rodin and kruger, 1984b). neurochemical studies show an increased sensitivity of partially deafferented neurons to substance p ... | 1992 | 1380198 |
| in vivo motor effects of loperamide on the rat urinary bladder. | bladder motility recordings were performed in anaesthetized rats and the effect of the peripherally active opiate agonist loperamide on urinary bladder function was studied. regional intra-arterial administration of loperamide (0.01-2 mg kg-1) induced weak bladder contraction per se. loperamide caused an effective dose-dependent inhibition of bladder motility induced by regional injection of the receptor agonists acetylcholine (ach) and substance p (sp), as well as by peripheral motor nerve stim ... | 1992 | 1380202 |
| the cytokine-like action of substance p upon b cell differentiation. | b cells respond to a variety of effector molecules that can induce these cells to differentiate. one such molecule is the neuropeptide, substance p (sp). previous studies have demonstrated the presence of sp receptors on lymphocytes while limited studies have been able to demonstrate the biological significance of their expression. sp has been shown to enhance iga and igm responses by peyer's patch and splenic b cells. a limitation of these studies was that the direct effect of sp upon b cells w ... | 1992 | 1380278 |
| delineation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii sp. nov., and group vs461 associated with lyme borreliosis. | we studied 48 borrelia isolates that were associated with lyme borreliosis or were isolated from ticks and identified three dna relatedness groups by using the s1 nuclease method. the three dna groups (genospecies) were associated with specific rrna gene restriction patterns, protein electrophoresis patterns, and patterns of reactivity with murine monoclonal antibodies. genospecies i corresponded to borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto since it contained the type strain of this species (strain atc ... | 1992 | 1380285 |
| desulfovibrio longus sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from an oil-producing well. | a novel type of sulfate-reducing bacteria with unusual morphology was isolated from an oil-producing well in the paris basin. the cells of this bacterium, strain sebr 2582t (t = type strain), are long, thin, flexible rods, contain desulfoviridin, and are physiologically similar to members of the genus desulfovibrio. on the basis of 16s rrna sequence data, this strain should be included in the genus desulfovibrio. however, strain sebr 2582t differs from other members of this genus morphologically ... | 1992 | 1380287 |
| dna relatedness among some thermophilic members of the genus methanobacterium: emendation of the species methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and rejection of methanobacterium thermoformicicum as a synonym of methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. | dna reassociation was used to determine levels of relatedness among four thermophilic methanobacterium strains that are able to use formate and between these organisms and two representative strains of methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, strain delta ht (= dsm 1053t = atcc 29096t) (t = type strain) and strain marburg (= dsm 2133). three homology groups were delineated, and these groups coincided with the clusters identified by antigenic fingerprinting. the first group, which had levels of cros ... | 1992 | 1380288 |
| bacillus methanolicus sp. nov., a new species of thermotolerant, methanol-utilizing, endospore-forming bacteria. | the generic position of 14 strains of gram-positive bacteria able to use methanol as a growth substrate was determined. all are obligately aerobic, thermotolerant organisms that are able to grow at temperatures of 35 to 60 degrees c. nine of the strains produce oval spores at a subterminal-to-central position in slightly swollen rod-shaped cells. dna-dna hybridization studies, 5s rrna sequence analysis, and physiological characteristics revealed that all 14 strains cluster as a well-defined grou ... | 1992 | 1380290 |
| characterization of three thermophilic strains of methanothrix ("methanosaeta") thermophila sp. nov. and rejection of methanothrix ("methanosaeta") thermoacetophila. | three thermophilic methanothrix ("methanosaeta") strains, strains ptt (= dsm 6194t) (t = type strain), cals-1 (= dsm 3870), and z-517 (= dsm 4774), were characterized chemotaxonomically and compared with five mesophilic strains, methanothrix soehngenii ("methanosaeta concilii") gp6 (= dsm 3671), opfikon (= dsm 2139), fe (= dsm 3013), ua, and pm. these methanogens were exclusively acetotrophic and had a characteristic sheathed structure. the dna base compositions of the strains which we studied r ... | 1992 | 1380291 |
| bronchodilatation by tachykinins and capsaicin in the mouse main bronchus. | 1. the effect of sensory neuropeptides and capsaicin on basal and stimulated tone of mouse bronchial smooth muscle has been evaluated. 2. in basal conditions neither sensory neuropeptides (substance p, neurokinin a or calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) nor capsaicin exerted any contractile effects. however, when a tonic contraction was induced with carbachol (1 microm) a prompt relaxation was induced by substance p (1- 100 nm) and by neurokinin a (1- 100 nm), with substance p being more pote ... | 1992 | 1380376 |
| fr 113680: a novel tripeptide substance p antagonist with nk1 receptor selectivity. | 1. we have discovered a novel tripeptide substance p (sp) antagonist, fr 113680 [n alpha-[n alpha-(n alpha-acetyl-l-threonyl)-n'-formyl-d- tryptophyl]-n-methyl-n-phenylmethyl-l-phenylalaninamide]. in binding experiments, fr 113680 inhibited [3h]-sp binding to guinea-pig lung membranes (nk1) in a competitive manner but had not effect on [3h]-sp binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes (nk1), [3h]-neurokinin a ([3h]-nka) binding to rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes (nk2) and [3h]-eledoisin (e ... | 1992 | 1380378 |
| evidence for a substance p containing subpopulation in the primate suprachiasmatic nucleus. | immunohistochemical detection of substance p (sp) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the old world monkey, macaca fascicularis, was performed using two different rabbit polyclonal antisera. immunostaining revealed a large population of neurons located in the dorsal subdivision of the nucleus identified by nissl stain. this neuronal group represents the only cluster of sp-like immunoreactive (sp-ir) perikarya observed within the hypothalamus. in contrast with our present finding in the macaq ... | 1992 | 1380392 |
| diverse effects of tachykinins on luteinizing hormone release in male rats: mechanism of action. | the tachykinins are a group of structurally related peptides found in the rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. we have evaluated the effects of four tachykinins on lh release in male rats. in intact male rats, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of neurokinin a (nka), neuropeptide k (npk), and neuropeptide-gamma (np gamma) elicited dose-related, transient increases in plasma lh. substance p (sp) was ineffective under these conditions. a further examination showed that in vitro incubation ... | 1992 | 1380435 |
| immunocytochemical localisation of substance p-like nerves in the cardiac ganglia of the monkey (macaca fascicularis). | substance p-like immunoreactive (sp-ir) nerves formed 2 types of relationships with nerve cells in the cardiac ganglia of the monkey (macaca fascicularis). the first type consisted of varicose sp-ir nerve fibres that ramified throughout the cardiac ganglia, forming a loose network with several nerve cell bodies. the second type consisted of several nerve cell bodies enwrapped by a dense pericellular (basket-like) investment of varicose sp-ir nerve fibres. numerous sp-ir nerve fibres formed periv ... | 1992 | 1380495 |
| post-embedding staining with high-iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate and its application to visualizing sulfated glycoconjugates in cryofixed kidney and cartilage. | cryofixation is generally believed to provide optimal tissue preservation. however, certain post-embedding cytochemical reactions, such as high-iron diamine (hid) staining for sulfated glycoconjugates, are not applicable to cryofixed and freeze-substituted tissues. in the present study, the hid technique was therefore adapted for post-embedding staining. hid staining was performed on thin sections of chemically and cryofixed kidney and growth plate cartilage, embedded in epon and various acrylic ... | 1992 | 1380528 |
| evidence against substance p as a neurotransmitter at the neuroepithelial junction in rat colonic mucosa. | substance p (sp) caused a concentration-dependent increase in short-circuit current of rat isolated colonic mucosal preparations (ed50 10 nm). the sp antagonist [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9, leu11]sp (50 microm) did not increase short-circuit current. tetrodotoxin (3.1 microm) reduced the effect of a maximum concentration of sp (300 nm). this reduction was increased when tetrodotoxin was given with [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp. increases in short-circuit current produced by electrical field stimu ... | 1992 | 1380551 |
| cholecystokinin-induced inhibition of endocytosis of receptor-bound substance p in pancreatic acinar cells. | association of 125i-bolton-hunter labelled substance p (125i-bh-sp) to suspended pancreatic acinar cells of the guinea pig was studied. cellular association at 37 degrees c and 22 degrees c was inhibited by cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck-8) in concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-6)m, whereas another pancreatic secretagogue, carbachol, was uneffective. the cck induced inhibition disappeared at low temperatures. cck-8 mainly interfered with internalization of 125i-bh-sp into acinar cells. increase ... | 1992 | 1380557 |
| studies on neurokinin antagonists. 2. design and structure-activity relationships of novel tripeptide substance p antagonists, n alpha-[n alpha-(n alpha-acetyl-l-threonyl)-n1-formyl-d-tryptophyl]-n- methyl-n-(phenylmethyl)-l-phenylalaninamide and its related compounds. | continuing studies on the chemical modification of the previously reported novel tripeptide sp antagonist, n alpha-[n alpha-[n alpha- (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)glutaminyl]-n1-formyl-d-tryptophyl]phenylalanine benzyl ester [boc-gln-d-trp-(cho)-phe-obzl (1)], are described herein. we initially investigated the stability of 1 in guinea pig plasma and liver homogenate to elucidate the most labile part in the structure. it was consequently revealed that the benzyl ester part was easily hydrolyzed to pro ... | 1992 | 1380560 |
| induction of kinetochore positive and negative micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells by salicylazosulfapyridine and sulfapyridine. | salicylazosulfapyridine (sasp) and its major metabolite sulfapyridine (sp) have been shown to induce chromosomal damage in vivo. both chemicals were tested in the micronucleus (mn)/kinetochore (kc) staining test to gain insight into the question of whether chromosomal breakage, aneuploidy-inducing events, or both were important to the observed production of mn in bone marrow cells of mice. in this test, both sasp and sp were shown to be strong inducers of kinetochore positive (kc+) mn. although ... | 1992 | 1380663 |
| induction of chromosomal damage in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo by sulfapyridine or 5-aminosalicylic acid. | sulfapyridine (sp) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-asa) are the two primary metabolites of the anti-inflammatory drug salicylazosulfapyridine (sasp). these two metabolites were studied for induction of chromosomal damage in mammalian cells, in vitro and in vivo, in an attempt to understand better the genetic effects produced by sasp in humans and laboratory mice. to this end, sp and 5-asa were tested for induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (sce) and chromosomal aberrations (abs) in chinese hams ... | 1992 | 1380664 |
| effects of dental trauma on pulpal and periodontal nerve morphology. | regeneration and morphological changes in sensory peptidergic nerves in pulp and periodontium were studied after general dental trauma by means of immunohistochemistry. in control teeth also the total nerve supply was demonstrated by using antibody to the general neuronal marker, protein gene product (pgp)9.5. two experimental rat models were used, i.e. tooth replantation and induced traumatic occlusion. results from these studies are reviewed here. in the controls, the pgp9.5-immunoreactive(ir) ... | 1992 | 1380713 |
| effect of substance p administration on vascular permeability in the rat dental pulp and submandibular gland. | the effects of substance p (sp) administration on vascular permeability were studied in the dental pulp (dp) of upper and lower incisors and in the submandibular gland (smg) of male rats. vascular permeability was assessed by means of extravasation of evans blue dye. sp was diluted in 0.5% bovine serum albumin (bse) and infused into the left common carotid artery. separate groups of animals receive chloropyramine, an h1 histamine receptor antagonist (10 mg kg-1 i.v.) or indomethacin, a prostagla ... | 1992 | 1380715 |
| the effect of acute distension on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), neuropeptide y (npy) and substance p (sp) immunoreactive nerves in the female rat urinary bladder. | the effect of acute distension on vasoactive polypeptide (vip)-, neuropeptide y (npy)- and substance p (sp)-immunoreactive nerves in the wall of the urinary bladder was investigated. at the age of 3 months, 25 female albino rats underwent forced diuresis combined with balloon obstruction to achieve maximal distension for 3 h. a modified, indirect immunofluorescence detection method was applied 2 days, 7 days and 21 days after distension. a marked, extensive depletion of vip, npy- and sp-immunore ... | 1992 | 1380745 |
| microvascular leakage induced by substance p in rat urinary bladder: involvement of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. | 1. intravenous administration of substance p (sp) or of the nk1 selective agonist [beta-ala4, sar9, met (o2)11] sp-(4-11) increased vascular permeability in the urinary bladder of urethane-anaesthetized rats, providing evidence for an nk1 receptor-mediated inflammatory response. 2. bw 755c, a dual inhibitor of arachidonate cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, significantly reduced the plasma extravasation induced by sp, but did not modify the effect of [beta-ala4, sar9, met (o2)11] sp-(4-11). 3. sp ... | 1992 | 1380964 |
| sialogogic effects on rat submandibular gland of analogs of the c-terminal hexapeptide of substance p. | the sialogogic response of submandibular glands to analogs of the c-terminal hexapeptide of substance p with various amino acids at the n-terminus was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. the rank order of potencies was as follows: sp greater than (pglu6)sp6-11 much greater than (dab6)sp6-11 greater than (orn6)sp6-11 greater than (gln6)sp6-11 greater than (lys6)sp6-11 much greater than (ala6)sp6-11. these results suggest that the sialogogic activity of the analogs of the c-terminal hexape ... | 1992 | 1381001 |
| dorsal column stimulation induces release of serotonin and substance p in the cat dorsal horn. | the neurohumoral mechanisms behind the pain-suppressing effect of dorsal column stimulation (dcs) still remain obscure. experimental observations have indicated an inhibitory role for serotonin and, under certain conditions, also for substance p (sp), on nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. furthermore, some observations suggest that these substances might be involved in the effect of dcs. the present series of experiments was undertaken to investigate whether serotonin and sp are releas ... | 1992 | 1381066 |