| me tri virus: a semliki forest virus strain from vietnam? | me tri virus (mtv) is a member of the semliki forest virus (sfv) complex in the genus alphavirus, first isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in vietnam in 1971 and described as a newly recognized alphavirus, based on antigenic characterization. however, based on a partial nucleotide sequence of the e1 envelope glycoprotein gene, it has recently been argued that mtv may represent a variant of sfv rather than a separate species. to enable definitive classification, we determined the co ... | 2008 | 18753222 |
| genetic divergence of hepatitis c virus: the role of hiv-related immunosuppression. | we tested the hypothesis that hiv-related immunosuppression alters the host-hepatitis c virus (hcv) interaction, resulting in fewer amino acid-changing substitutions in hcv viral variants. higher hcv rna levels in persons coinfected with hiv compared with hcv infection alone suggest increased viral replication. if this increase is dependent on decreased immune selective pressure, then a reduced rate of nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid replacements (nonsynonymous changes, dn) would be e ... | 2008 | 18769357 |
| [development of infectious pseudo-particle harboring three subtypes hepatitis c virus glycoproteins and their application in neutralization assays]. | in this study, three expression vectors encoding unmodified glycoproteins e1 and e2 from h77 (1a), hebei (1b) and jfh1 (2a) strains were constructed to form pvrc-h77-e1e2, pvrc-hebei-e1e2 and pvrc-jfh1-e1e2 expressing constructs. the protein expression was confirmed by immunofluorescene assay(ifa) and western blot. the lentiviral vector has the ability to package the cellular membrane into pseudo-particles. the plasmid expressing hcv e1-e2 glycoproteins in native form was co-transfected into 293 ... | 2008 | 18780632 |
| [construction of herpes simplex virus-1 virion protein 22-mediated microdystrophin gene recombinant adenovirus and study on the property of protein transduction]. | to construct the recombinant adenovirus containing herpes simplex virus-1 virion protein (vp) 22 and human microdystrophin gene, then the adenovirus was transfected into c2c12 myoblast and studied on the property of protein transduction with vp22-mediated microdystrophin in c2c12 myoblast. | 2008 | 18795628 |
| evidence of recombination in intrapatient populations of hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. hcv is characterized by a high level of genetic heterogeneity. although homologous recombination has been demonstrated in many members of the family flaviviridae, to which hcv belongs, there are only a few studies reporting recombination on natural populations of hcv, suggesting that these events are rare in vivo. furthermore, these few studies have focu ... | 2008 | 18800167 |
| rna interference mediated inhibition of chikungunya virus replication in mammalian cells. | chikungunya has emerged as one of the most important arboviral infection of public health significance. recently several parts of indian ocean islands and india witnessed explosive, unprecedented epidemic. so far, there is no effective antiviral or licensed vaccine available against chikungunya infection. rna interference mediated inhibition of viral replication has emerged as a promising antiviral strategy. in this study, we examined the effectiveness of small interfering rnas (sirnas) against ... | 2008 | 18805396 |
| separation of hepatitis c genotype 4a into igg-depleted and igg-enriched fractions reveals a unique quasispecies profile. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) circulates in an infected individual as a heterogeneous mixture of closely related viruses called quasispecies. the e1/e2 region of the hcv genome is hypervariable (hvr1) and is targeted by the humoral immune system. hepatitis c virions are found in two forms: antibody associated or antibody free. the objective of this study was to investigate if separation of hepatitis c virions into antibody enriched and antibody depleted fractions segregates quasispecies populations in ... | 2008 | 18811965 |
| rapid detection and characterization of chikungunya virus by rt-pcr in febrile patients from kerala, india. | there has been a resurgence and prevalence of fever with symptoms of chikungunya (chik) and increased death toll in kerala, the southern-most state of india. the objective of this study was to develop a rapid detection method to determine the presence of chik- virus in the serum samples collected from febrile patients in kerala, india. serum specimens were analyzed for chik viral rna by rt-pcr using primers specific for nsp1 and e1 genes. five out of twenty clinical samples were positive for chi ... | 2008 | 18814485 |
| [molecular and biologic characteristics of attenuated rubella viruses]. | to study stability/variability of rubella virus vaccine strain "orlov-b" during its adaptation to other tissue substrate. | 2008 | 18819408 |
| [construction of a recombinant adenovirus expression vector for human renal tumor- associated antigen g250 gene with admax system]. | to construct a adevoviral vector harboring human renal tumor-associated antigen g250 gene for transfecting the dendritic cells (dcs) and treating renal tumors. | 2008 | 18819881 |
| internal core protein cleavage leaves the hepatitis b virus capsid intact and enhances its capacity for surface display of heterologous whole chain proteins. | virus capsids find increasing use as nanoparticulate platforms for the surface display of heterologous ligands, including as multivalent vaccine carriers. presentation on the icosahedral hepatitis b virus capsid (hbcag) is known to strongly enhance immunogenicity of foreign sequences, most efficiently if they are inserted into the dominant c/e1 b cell epitope, a surface-exposed loop in the center of the constituent core protein primary sequence. even some complete proteins were successfully inse ... | 2008 | 18826949 |
| molecular epidemiology and interferon susceptibility of the natural recombinant hepatitis c virus strain rf1_2k/1b. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotype is an important determinant of virological response to antiviral therapies. currently, there are no data available on the molecular epidemiology and interferon susceptibility of the natural intergenotypic recombinant rf1_2k/1b (rf1) strain. | 2008 | 18928375 |
| evolutionary rates and timescale comparison of chikungunya viruses inferred from the whole genome/e1 gene with special reference to the 2005-07 outbreak in the indian subcontinent. | chikungunya (chik) virus reemerged during 2005-07 as an important pathogen causing massive disease outbreaks affecting india and several countries of the indian ocean. knowledge of the evolutionary rates and divergence times of the chik virus may help to better understand the disease epidemiology. considering the limited availability of such information, we estimated the substitution rates and the ancestral times for all the chik genotypes and also the time to the most recent common ancestor (tm ... | 2009 | 18940268 |
| non-transmissible sendai virus encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a novel and potent vector system for producing autologous tumor vaccines. | the recent clinical application of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf)-transduced autologous tumor vaccines revealed substantial antitumor activity and valuable clinical results. however, for these vaccines to be optimally effective, the antitumor efficacies must be improved. recently, sendai virus (sev) vectors, which are cytoplasmic rna vectors, have emerged as safe vectors with high gene transduction. in the current study, the in vivo therapeutic antitumor efficacies of ... | 2008 | 18957055 |
| hepatitis c virus (hcv)--specific t cell responses in injection drug users with apparent resistance to hcv infection. | injection drug users (idus) are at risk of acquiring hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we have identified a cohort of long-term idus who remain uninfected by hcv despite high-risk behavior. we have categorized these subjects as "exposed uninfected" and have sought immunological correlates with this apparent resistance. | 2008 | 18959498 |
| ubiquitin-independent degradation of hepatitis c virus f protein. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) f protein is encoded by the +1 reading frame of the viral genome. it overlaps with the core protein coding sequence, and multiple mechanisms for its expression have been proposed. the full-length f protein that is synthesized by translational ribosomal frameshift at codons 9 to 11 of the core protein sequence is a labile protein. by using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate that this hcv f protein can bind to the proteasom ... | 2009 | 18971267 |
| expression and evaluation of chikungunya virus e1 and e2 envelope proteins for serodiagnosis of chikungunya virus infection. | chikungunya virus (chikv) causes endemic or epidemic outbreaks of chikv fever, which is a mosquitoe- transmitted viral disease in africa, india, south-east asia, and recently southern europe. currently, serological diagnostic tests such as hemagglutination inhibition test (hi test), in-house igm capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), and indirect immunofluorescence test were used for diagnosis of chikungunya fever, which are based on whole virus antigens. | 2008 | 18972604 |
| genetic analysis of a bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 isolate from slovakia. | the identification and genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate 17237 detected in western slovakia is described. the analysis of 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), autoprotease (npro) gene, and structural genes (c, erns, e1, e2) was carried out. the percentage of nucleotide and deduced amino acid identity in analyzed genes implied that the isolate was closely related to the bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2). furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that th ... | 2008 | 18999890 |
| a new complementing cell line for replication-incompetent e1-deleted adenovirus propagation. | recombinant adenoviruses (ad) are being explored as promising delivery systems for gene therapy and vaccination. however, there is a concern about the possibility of generating replication-competent adenoviruses (rca) using the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line. we have constructed a new cell line named the ur cell line which can be used to produce ad vectors free of rca. this cell line is based on the human embryonic lung hel 299 cell. we first constructed a shuttle plasmid which encodes the ... | 2006 | 19002883 |
| development and improvement of a serum-free suspension process for the production of recombinant adenoviral vectors using hek293 cells. | human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cells were adapted into a serum-free suspension medium through steps of gradual serum weaning for the production of adenoviral (adv) gene therapy vectors. the presence of sodium heparin in the medium formulation reduced cell clumping dramatically in suspension culture. the adapted cells were ready to grow either in serum-containing medium as an attached culture or in serum-free medium in suspension culture. a scalable production process was developed in shake ... | 2001 | 19002922 |
| mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l demonstrate increased susceptibility to both mouse-adapted and non-mouse-adapted influenza b virus infection. | isg15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza virus, with infection inducing both the conjugation of isg15 to target proteins and production of free isg15. here, we report that mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l fail to form isg15 conjugates. both ube1l(-/-) and isg15(-/-) mice display increased susceptibility to influenza b virus infection, including non-mouse-adapted strains. finally, we demonstrate that isg15 controls influenza b virus infection through its action wit ... | 2009 | 19004958 |
| studying hcv cell entry with hcv pseudoparticles (hcvpp). | hcv infection leads in 50 to 80% of cases to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. interferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin form the basis for treatment but are not sufficiently effective and have numerous side effects. although about 300 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected, the characterization of hcv biology and associated pathologies and development of new therapeutics have been slow. systems that support hcv replication and particle formati ... | 2009 | 19009269 |
| distribution of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) wild-type genotypes in northern and southern europe: evidence for high conservation of circulating genotypes. | phylogenetic analysis of 19 complete vzv genomic sequences resolves wild-type strains into 5 genotypes (e1, e2, j, m1, and m2). complete sequences for m3 and m4 strains are unavailable, but targeted analyses of representative strains suggest they are stable, circulating vzv genotypes. sequence analysis of vzv isolates identified both shared and specific markers for every genotype and validated a unified vzv genotyping strategy. despite high genotype diversity no evidence for intra-genotypic reco ... | 2009 | 19019403 |
| molecular epidemiology of chikungunya virus in vellore district, tamilnadu, india in 2006. | the present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the epidemiology of chikungunya virus (chikv) in vellore district and also to identify the most susceptible sex and age group to chikv infection. | 2008 | 19024422 |
| core mutations in patients with acute episodes of chronic hbv infection are associated with the emergence of new immune recognition sites and the development of high igm anti-hbc index values. | acute exacerbations in hbeag negative patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are invariably associated with concurrent increases in the index of igm class antibodies against the core protein (anti-hbc) of the virus. this study aimed to investigate whether this was related to the clearance of variants from the quasispecies pool and the appearance of new ones, with aminoacid substitutions in well recognized b-cell epitopes. in this study, 5 hbeag negative patients (a to e) with 13 ... | 2009 | 19031457 |
| highly efficient jfh1-based cell-culture system for hepatitis c virus genotype 5a: failure of homologous neutralizing-antibody treatment to control infection. | recently, a hepatitis c virus (hcv) cell-culture system was developed that employed strain jfh1 (genotype 2a), and jfh1-based intra- and intergenotypic recombinants now permit functional studies of the structural genes (core, e1, and e2), p7, and ns2 of genotypes 1-4. the goal was to adapt the system to employ genotype 5. | 2008 | 19032070 |
| evolutionary dynamics of variant genomes of human papillomavirus types 18, 45, and 97. | human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) and hpv45 account for approximately 20% of all cervix cancers. we show that hpv18, hpv45, and the recently discovered hpv97 comprise a clade sharing a most recent common ancestor within hpv alpha7 species. variant lineages of these hpv types were classified by sequence analysis of the upstream regulatory region/e6 region among cervical samples from a population-based study in costa rica, and 27 representative genomes from each major variant lineage were seque ... | 2009 | 19036820 |
| development of a live attenuated antigenic marker classical swine fever vaccine. | until recently strategies for controlling classical swine fever virus (csfv) involve either prophylactic vaccination or non-vaccination with elimination of infected herds depending on the epidemiological situation of the affected geographical area. marker vaccines allowing distinction between naturally infected from vaccinated swine could complement "stamping out" measures. here we developed a double antigenic marker live attenuated csfv strain flagt4v obtained by combining two genetic determina ... | 2009 | 19046591 |
| induction of iga and sustained deficiency of cell proliferative response in chronic hepatitis c. | in the present study, antibody and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) proliferative responses against hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigens were evaluated in hcv chronically infected patients. | 2008 | 19058312 |
| a stable prefusion intermediate of the alphavirus fusion protein reveals critical features of class ii membrane fusion. | alphaviruses infect cells via a low-ph-triggered membrane fusion reaction mediated by the class ii virus fusion protein e1, an elongated molecule with three extramembrane domains (di-iii). e1 drives fusion by inserting its fusion peptide loop into the target membrane and refolding to a hairpin-like trimer in which diii moves toward the target membrane and packs against the central trimer. three-dimensional structures provide static pictures of prefusion and postfusion e1 but do not explain this ... | 2008 | 19064260 |
| clinical and virological characterization of imported cases of chikungunya fever. | a chikungunya virus (chikv) epidemic emerged in the indian ocean islands of the comores, reunion, mayotte, mauritius, the seychelles and madagascar in 2005 resulting in the infection of about 250.000 inhabitants and travellers in only one year. beginning in march 2006 increasing numbers of chikv-like febrile illnesses were reported from various parts of india. we investigated 70 consecutive german travellers returning from the affected areas and presenting with arthralgia and/or fever suggestive ... | 2008 | 19066782 |
| structural stability of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein e1: effect of ph and dissociative detergents. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope glycoprotein e1 has been widely employed as a potential vaccine antigen in clinical research. a truncated form (amino acids 192-326) of the e1 protein (e1y) was expressed in the yeast hansenula polymorpha and purified from the cell lysate. e1y forms protein particles in the absence of detergent and remains monomeric when detergent concentration is high. in this work, a variety of spectroscopic and hydrodynamic techniques including circular dichroism, intrinsi ... | 2009 | 19072857 |
| a preliminary and comparative evaluation of a novel ad5 [e1-, e2b-] recombinant-based vaccine used to induce cell mediated immune responses. | adenovirus vectors have been shown to be highly effective as vaccine platforms capable of inducing both humoral and cell mediated immune (cmi) responses. an ad serotype 5 vector containing unique deletions in the e2b region (ad5 [e1-, e2b-]) has been reported to have several advantages over conventional adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) vectors deleted in only the e1 region (ad5 [e1-]), including increased carrying capacity and diminished viral late gene expression. here, we evaluated a novel ad5 [e1- ... | 2009 | 19073216 |
| isg15 arg151 and the isg15-conjugating enzyme ube1l are important for innate immune control of sindbis virus. | interferon (ifn)-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is a ubiquitin-like molecule that conjugates to target proteins via a c-terminal lrlrgg motif and has antiviral function in vivo. we used structural modeling to predict human isg15 (hisg15) residues important for interacting with its e1 enzyme, ube1l. kinetic analysis revealed that mutation of arginine 153 to alanine (r153a) ablated hisg15-hube1l binding and transthiolation of ubch8. mutation of other predicted ube1l-interacting residues had minimal ef ... | 2009 | 19073728 |
| identification of a novel picornavirus related to cosaviruses in a child with acute diarrhea. | diarrhea, the third leading infectious cause of death worldwide, causes approximately 2 million deaths a year. approximately 40% of these cases are of unknown etiology. we previously developed a metagenomic strategy for identification of novel viruses from diarrhea samples. by applying mass sequencing to a stool sample collected in melbourne, australia from a child with acute diarrhea, one 395 bp sequence read was identified that possessed only limited identity to known picornaviruses. this init ... | 2008 | 19102772 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c infection in cyprus: evidence of polyphyletic infection. | the genetic diversity of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) in cyprus is investigated for the first time in this study. nucleotide sequence analysis of the core-e1 and ns5b regions of the hcv genome was performed on blood plasma samples obtained from 77 hcv patients in cyprus, collected during 2005-2008. the amplified products were sequenced and compared to reference hcv strains of known genotype and subtype in order to classify the isolates found in this study. genotype could be determined for all str ... | 2009 | 19107977 |
| role of conserved cysteines in the alphavirus e3 protein. | alphavirus particles are covered by 80 glycoprotein spikes that are essential for viral entry. spikes consist of the e2 receptor binding protein and the e1 fusion protein. spike assembly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, where e1 associates with pe2, a precursor containing e3 and e2 proteins. e3 is a small, cysteine-rich, extracellular glycoprotein that mediates proper folding of pe2 and its subsequent association with e1. in addition, cleavage of e3 from the assembled spike is required to ma ... | 2009 | 19109378 |
| inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system prevents vaccinia virus dna replication and expression of intermediate and late genes. | the ubiquitin-proteasome system has a central role in the degradation of intracellular proteins and regulates a variety of functions. viruses belonging to several different families utilize or modulate the system for their advantage. here we showed that the proteasome inhibitors mg132 and epoxomicin blocked a postentry step in vaccinia virus (vacv) replication. when proteasome inhibitors were added after virus attachment, early gene expression was prolonged and the expression of intermediate and ... | 2009 | 19129442 |
| regional administration of oncolytic echovirus 1 as a novel therapy for the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. | the dissemination of malignant gastric cells to the peritoneum occurs frequently, usually as an early event in disease, and results in poor patient prognosis. surgery and chemotherapy offer limited therapeutic success. the low-pathogenic human enterovirus, echovirus 1 (ev1), is an oncolytic virus that selectively targets and destroys malignant prostate and ovarian cancer xenografts in vivo. lytic ev1 infection requires the cell surface expression of alpha(2)beta(1), an integrin involved in the d ... | 2009 | 19139835 |
| helical virus particles formed from morphological subunits of a membrane containing icosahedral virus. | the classic publication by caspar and klug in 1962 [physical principles in the construction of regular viruses. cold spring harbor symp. quant. biol. 27:1-24.] has formed the basis of much research on virus assembly. caspar and klug predicted that a single virus morphological unit could form a two dimensional lattice composed of 6-fold arrays (primitive plane), a family of icosahedra of increasing triangulation numbers (t) and helical arrays of varying length. we have shown that icosahedral viru ... | 2009 | 19144371 |
| development and characterization of hepatitis c virus genotype 1-7 cell culture systems: role of cd81 and scavenger receptor class b type i and effect of antiviral drugs. | six major hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes and numerous subtypes have been described, and recently a seventh major genotype was discovered. genotypes show significant molecular and clinical differences, such as differential response to combination therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin. recently, hcv research has been accelerated by cell culture systems based on the unique growth capacity of strain jfh1 (genotype 2a). by development of jfh1-based intergenotypic recombinants containing core ... | 2009 | 19148942 |
| cell cycle perturbation in the hepatocytes of hcv core transgenic mice following common bile duct ligation is associated with enhanced p21 expression. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein has been reported to alter the cell cycle in vitro, but the data remain inconclusive, and in vitro experiments do not represent precisely events that occur in vivo, which may involve hepatic inflammation or regeneration. a group of double-transgenic mice carrying tetracycline transactivator (tta) and hcv core that express conditionally the hcv core in the mature liver, and single-transgenic mice carrying only tta were subjected to sham laparotomy, 43% partial ... | 2009 | 19152410 |
| polymorphisms in the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (myh9) are associated with albuminuria in hypertensive african americans: the hypergen study. | myh9 is a podocyte-expressed gene encoding nonmuscle myosin iia that is associated with idiopathic and human immunodeficiency virus-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) and hypertensive end-stage renal disease in african americans. | 2009 | 19153477 |
| fluorescence study of the dynamic interaction between e1(145-162) sequence of hepatitis gb virus c and liposomes. | the physicochemical characterization of the peptide sequence e1(145-162) corresponding to the structural protein e1 of the hepatitis g virus was done by studying its interaction with model membranes. small unilamellar vesicles (suvs) of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine were chosen as mimetic membranes. peptide incorporation and location in the phospholipid bilayer was investigated by fluorescence anisotropy with suvs labeled with diphenylhexatriene (dph) or trime ... | 2009 | 19153720 |
| secretion of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins depends on assembly of apolipoprotein b positive lipoproteins. | the density of circulating hepatitis c virus (hcv) particles in the blood of chronically infected patients is very heterogeneous. the very low density of some particles has been attributed to an association of the virus with apolipoprotein b (apob) positive and triglyceride rich lipoproteins (trl) likely resulting in hybrid lipoproteins known as lipo-viro-particles (lvp) containing the viral envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2, capsid and viral rna. the specific infectivity of these particles has b ... | 2009 | 19156195 |
| mechanisms employed by retroviruses to exploit host factors for translational control of a complicated proteome. | retroviruses have evolved multiple strategies to direct the synthesis of a complex proteome from a single primary transcript. their mechanisms are modulated by a breadth of virus-host interactions, which are of significant fundamental interest because they ultimately affect the efficiency of virus replication and disease pathogenesis. motifs located within the untranslated region (utr) of the retroviral rna have established roles in transcriptional trans-activation, rna packaging, and genome rev ... | 2009 | 19166625 |
| chikungunya virus isolated in lakshadweep islands in the indian ocean: evidence of the central/east african genotype. | virological investigation was carried out to determine the etiology of suspected chikungunya fever among humans reported in the lakshadweep islands in the indian ocean. three out of 23 acute sera samples showed cytopathological changes in vero cell lines. further, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies demonstrated the chikungunya virus etiology during the episode. e1 gene sequence analysis has confirmed the involvement of the centra ... | 2009 | 19168965 |
| analysis of a conserved rge/rgd motif in hcv e2 in mediating entry. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two transmembrane glycoproteins e1 and e2 which form a heterodimer. e1 is believed to mediate fusion while e2 has been shown to bind cellular receptors. it is clear that hcv uses a multi-receptor complex to gain entry into susceptible cells, however key elements of this complex remain elusive. in this study, the role of a highly conserved rge/rgd motif of hcv e2 glycoprotein in viral entry was examined. the effect of each substitution mutation in this motif was te ... | 2009 | 19171049 |
| a new hcv genotype 6 subtype designated 6v was confirmed with three complete genome sequences. | although hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotype 6 is classified into 21 subtypes, 6a-6u, new variants continue to be identified. | 2009 | 19179105 |
| determination of ct values for chlorine of resistant enteroviruses. | information on the required chlorine dose or ct value (concentration of free chlorine multiplied by contact time) is limited to only a few enteroviruses. in this study the ct values of some of the reported more chlorine resistant enteroviruses were determined. the efficiency hom model was used to predict the times for 2, 3. and 4 -log inactivation of echovirus 1 and 12, coxsackievirus b5 and poliovirus type 1 at ph 7.5 and 9 at 5 degrees c. coxsackievirus b5 was the most resistant to chlorine wi ... | 2009 | 19184699 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 e2 and e6 are rna-binding proteins and inhibit in vitro splicing of pre-mrnas with suboptimal splice sites. | human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) genome expresses six regulatory proteins (e1, e2, e4, e5, e6, and e7) which regulate viral dna replication, gene expression, and cell function. we expressed hpv16 e2, e4, e6, and e7 from bacteria as gst fusion proteins and examined their possible functions in rna splicing. both hpv16 e2, a viral transactivator protein, and e6, a viral oncoprotein, inhibited splicing of pre-mrnas containing an intron with suboptimal splice sites, whereas hpv5 e2 did not. the n ... | 2009 | 19187948 |
| genotype d amongst injection drug users with acute hepatitis b virus infection in british columbia. | the eight genotypes of hepatitis b virus (hbv) exhibit distinct geographical distributions. this study identified hbv genotypes and transmission modes associated with acute infection in british columbia (bc), canada, from 2001 to 2005. seventy cases of acute hbv in bc were identified from laboratory reports using a standardized case definition. interviews for risk factors and hepatitis history were conducted for each case. hbv genotypes were determined by blast comparison analysis of the surface ... | 2009 | 19192159 |
| screening a peptide library by dsc and saxd: comparison with the biological function of the parent proteins. | we have recently identified the membranotropic regions of the hepatitis c virus proteins e1, e2, core and p7 proteins by observing the effect of protein-derived peptide libraries on model membrane integrity. we have studied in this work the ability of selected sequences of these proteins to modulate the l(beta)-l(alpha) and l(alpha)-h(ii) phospholipid phase transitions as well as check the viability of using both dsc and saxd to screen a protein-derived peptide library. we demonstrate that it is ... | 2009 | 19194494 |
| interaction of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus synthetic peptides with lipid langmuir monolayers and large unilamellar vesicles. | in this paper, we aimed to continue the previous study undertaken with one segment of e1 protein belonging to the gb virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), specifically between the 53-66 amino acids and their palmitoyl derivative peptide. the sequence selection has been made on the basis of different prediction algorithms of hydrophobicity and antigenicity. their interactions between two different in vitro membrane models, lipid langmuir monolayers and vesicles of different lipidic composition, ... | 2009 | 19195104 |
| alteration of the n-linked glycosylation condition in e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus strain brescia alters virulence in swine. | e1, along with e(rns) and e2 is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv). previously we showed that glycosylation status of virulent csfv strain brescia e2 or e(rns) affects virus virulence. here, the three putative glycosylation sites of e1 were serially removed by means of site directed mutagenesis of a csfv brescia infectious clone (bicv) and their effect on virulence assessed in swine. removal of all three putative glycosylation sites in e1, at csfv posit ... | 2009 | 19203774 |
| phosphorylation of the human papillomavirus type 16 e1--e4 protein at t57 by erk triggers a structural change that enhances keratin binding and protein stability. | the e1--e4 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) causes cytokeratin reorganization in the middle and upper epithelial layers and is thought to contribute to multiple facets of the virus life cycle. although little is known as to how hpv16 e1--e4 (16e1--e4) functions are controlled following the first expression of this protein, the finding that low-risk e1--e4 proteins can be phosphorylated in vivo suggests an important role for kinases. here, we show that 16e1--e4 is phosphorylated by ... | 2009 | 19211765 |
| role of conserved histidine residues in the low-ph dependence of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | a wide variety of enveloped viruses infects cells by taking advantage of the low ph in the endocytic pathway to trigger virus-membrane fusion. for alphaviruses such as semliki forest virus (sfv), acidic ph initiates a series of conformational changes in the heterodimeric virus envelope proteins e1 and e2. low ph dissociates the e2/e1 dimer, releasing the membrane fusion protein e1. e1 inserts into the target membrane and refolds to a trimeric hairpin conformation, thus driving the fusion reactio ... | 2009 | 19244325 |
| comparison of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration to the usepa viradel technique and usepa method 1623. | hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (uf) is a technique that is increasingly viewed as an effective alternative for simultaneously recovering diverse microbes (e.g., viruses, bacteria, parasites) from large volumes of drinking water. the usepa has organism-specific methods, including method 1623 for cryptosporidium and giardia and the virus adsorption-elution (viradel) technique using 1mds electropositive filters. in this study, we directly compare the performance of a previously published uf method to ... | 2009 | 19244504 |
| recombinant retrovirus-like particle forming dna vaccines in prime-boost immunization and their use for hepatitis c virus vaccine development. | the expression of moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mlv) gag proteins is sufficient to generate retrovirus-like particles (retrovlps) that can be used as antigen-display platforms by pseudotyping with heterologous envelope proteins or by insertion of epitopes in structural constituents. to circumvent the in vitro production of such retrovlps, we used dna plasmids generating recombinant retrovlps (plasmo-retrovlps) as immunogens. we previously demonstrated that plasmo-retrovlps induce significant ... | 2009 | 19248137 |
| macaca fascicularis papillomavirus type 1: a non-human primate betapapillomavirus causing rapidly progressive hand and foot papillomatosis. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are a group of small, non-enveloped dna viruses that cause mucosal or cutaneous neoplasia in a variety of animals. whilst most papillomas will regress spontaneously, some may persist or undergo malignant transformation. in this study, aggressive, persistent and extensive warts were observed on the hands and feet of a cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). the presence of pv in the wart biopsies was identified by immunohistochemistry and pcr amplification of pv dna. the ... | 2009 | 19264664 |
| lineages of varicella-zoster virus. | relationships among varicella-zoster virus (vzv; human herpesvirus 3) genome sequences were examined to evaluate descent of strains, structures of lineages and incidence of recombination events. eighteen complete, published genome sequences were aligned and 494 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) extracted, each as two alleles. at 281 snps, a single sequence differed from all the others. distributions of the remaining 213 snps indicated that the sequences fell into five groups, which coincide ... | 2009 | 19264671 |
| an autochthonous case of hepatitis c virus genotype 5a in brazil: phylogenetic analysis. | genotype 5 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been rarely identified in south america. a female of african descent who never left brazil was found to be infected by this genotype in mato grosso state, central brazil. the patient denied drug injections and revealed that she had received blood transfusions several years before. one of her blood donors was identified and tested negative for anti-hcv and hcv rna, as were her husband and offspring. phylogenetic analysis of the e1 and ns5b regions confirm ... | 2009 | 19280321 |
| sequential processing of hepatitis c virus core protein by host cell signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase: a reassessment. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein is believed to play critical roles in the virus morphogenesis and pathogenesis. in hcv polyprotein, core protein terminates with a signal peptide followed by e1 envelope protein. it has remained unclear whether cleavage by host cell signal peptidase (sp) at the core-e1 junction to generate the complete form of core protein, which is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is absolutely required for cleavage within the signal peptide by host cell signa ... | 2009 | 19281487 |
| type ii cgmp-dependent protein kinase mediates osteoblast mechanotransduction. | continuous bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading is critical for skeletal integrity, and interstitial fluid flow is an important stimulus for osteoblast/osteocyte growth and differentiation. however, the biochemical signals mediating osteoblast anabolic responses to mechanical stimulation are incompletely understood. in primary human osteoblasts and murine mc3t3-e1 cells, we found that fluid shear stress induced rapid expression of c-fos, fra-1, fra-2, and fosb/deltafosb mrnas; these ... | 2009 | 19282289 |
| role of n-linked glycosylation for sindbis virus infection and replication in vertebrate and invertebrate systems. | each sindbis virus (sinv) surface glycoprotein has two sites for n-linked glycosylation (e1 positions 139 and 245 [e1-139 and e1-245] and e2 positions 196 and 318 [e2-196 and e2-318]). studies of sinv strain te12 mutants with each site eliminated identified the locations of carbohydrates by cryo-electron microscopy (s. v. pletnev et al., cell 105:127-136, 2001). in the current study, the effects of altered glycosylation on virion infectivity, growth in cells of vertebrates and invertebrates, hep ... | 2009 | 19297464 |
| a novel cardiotropic murine adenovirus representing a distinct species of mastadenoviruses. | during cell culture isolation experiments to recover dobrava hantavirus from a suspension of liver from a striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), an unknown virus was coisolated. atypically for hantaviruses, it had extensive cytopathic effects. using a random pcr approach, it was identified as a novel murine adenovirus, madv-3 (for madv type 3). a plaque-purified virus clone was prepared and further characterized. the complete genome sequence of madv-3 was determined to be 30,570 bp in length. ... | 2009 | 19297486 |
| effects of disulfide bridges glycoprotein e1 on fusogenic activity of rubella virus. | rubella virus (rubv) infects cells via an acid-triggered membrane fusion process. rubv virions contain two cysteine-rich glycoproteins, e2 and e1. the latter is believed to be involved in the membrane fusion. using a recombinant plasmid containing rubv e1 and e2, 11 of total 20 cysteines present in the ectodomain of wild type e1 were mutated to test their role in the fusion via the formation of disulfide bridges. the recombinant plasmids containing mutated e1 (cys2-cys20) or wild type (wt) e1 we ... | 2009 | 19301948 |
| mutational analysis of the hepatitis c virus e1 glycoprotein in retroviral pseudoparticles and cell-culture-derived h77/jfh1 chimeric infectious virus particles. | cell entry by enveloped viruses is mediated by viral glycoproteins, and generally involves a short hydrophobic peptide (fusion peptide) that inserts into the cellular membrane. an internal hydrophobic domain within e1 (aa262-290) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) may function as a fusion peptide. retrovirus-based hcv-pseudotyped viruses (hcvpp; genotype 1a) containing ala or pro substitutions at conserved amino acid positions within this putative fusion peptide were generated. mutation of conserved res ... | 2009 | 19302336 |
| telomerase-specific virotheranostics for human head and neck cancer. | long-term outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn) remain unsatisfactory despite advances in combination of treatment modalities. scchn is characterized by locoregional spread and it is clinically accessible, making it an attractive target for intratumoral biological therapies. | 2009 | 19318473 |
| a replicon trans-packaging system reveals the requirement of nonstructural proteins for the assembly of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) virion. | a selective trans-packaging system was developed to produce and isolate bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) pseudo-particles with complementing reporter replicons and their packaging proteins expressed in trans with recombinant vaccinia virus. the encapsidation of replicon rns3-5b was dependent not only on the in trans expression of structural proteins c, e(rns), e1 and e2, but also the nonstructural proteins, p7 and contiguous precursor ns2-3-4a. nonstructural p7, ns4b, ns5a or ns5b could be exp ... | 2009 | 19327808 |
| full genomic analysis of a human group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain from eastern india provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. | deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in eastern india, revealed a vp8* closely related to porcine p[6] strains (p[6] sublineage 1d), and the vp7 clustered with g9 lineage-iii strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report of human p[6] strain clustering in sublineage id. thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed ... | 2009 | 19333549 |
| replication-defective adenovirus vectors with multiple deletions do not induce measurable vector-specific t cells in human trials. | the magnitude and character of adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5)-specific t cells were determined in volunteers with and without preexisting neutralizing antibodies (nas) to ad5 who received replication-defective ad5 (rad5)-based human immunodeficiency virus vaccines. there was no correlation between t-cell responses and nas to ad5. there was no increase in magnitude or activation state of ad5-specific cd4(+) t cells at time points where antibodies to ad5 and t-cell responses to the recombinant gene p ... | 2009 | 19339347 |
| 1,5-benzodiazepine inhibitors of hcv ns5b polymerase. | optimization through parallel synthesis of a novel series of hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns5b polymerase inhibitors led to the identification of (r)-11-(4-benzyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-10-(6-methylpyridine-2-carbonyl)-2,3,4,5,10,11-hexahydro-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-one 11zc and (r)-11-(4-benzyloxy-2-fluorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-10-(2,5-dimethyloxazol-4-carbonyl)-2,3,4,5,10,11-hexahydro-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-one 11zk as potent (replicon ec(50)=400nm and 270nm, res ... | 2009 | 19342234 |
| a highly efficient system to produce infectious human papillomavirus: elucidation of natural virus-host interactions. | a simple, efficient system has been developed to produce high titers of infectious human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) in organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes (phks). molecular characterization elucidated key early and late events in the reproductive program. the system obviates the need for immortalized cells and allows the analyses of mutant hpv genomes not previously possible. an e6 deletion mutant incapable of causing p53 degradation is defective in viral dna amplificat ... | 2009 | 19342877 |
| [antigenicity and b-epitope mapping of hepatitis c virus envelope protein e2]. | immunogenicity for laboratory animals (rabbits and mice) of the whole hepatitis c virus envelope proteins and their conserved as well as hypervariable hvr1 sites has been investigated. rabbit immune responses to hcv envelope proteins (both single e2 and e1e2 heterodimer) were shown to be much more efficient than murine immune responses. upon the immunization of the rabbit with e2 protein, antibodies to several highly conserved linear b-epitopes of this protein as well as to the n-terminal fragme ... | 2009 | 19351031 |
| chimeric hepatitis b and c viruses envelope proteins can form subviral particles: implications for the design of new vaccine strategies. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv) envelope protein (s) self-assembles into subviral particles used as commercial vaccines against hepatitis b. these particles are excellent carriers for foreign epitopes, which can be inserted into the external hydrophilic loop or at the n- or c-terminal end of the hbv s protein. we show here that the n-terminal transmembrane domain (tmd) of hbv s can be replaced by the tmds of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope proteins e1 and e2, to generate fusion proteins contain ... | 2009 | 19356608 |
| complete genomic sequences for hepatitis c virus subtypes 4b, 4c, 4d, 4g, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4n, 4o, 4p, 4q, 4r and 4t. | in this study, we characterized the full-length genomic sequences of 13 distinct hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotype 4 isolates/subtypes: qc264/4b, qc381/4c, qc382/4d, qc193/4g, qc383/4k, qc274/4l, qc249/4m, qc97/4n, qc93/4o, qc139/4p, qc262/4q, qc384/4r and qc155/4t. these were amplified, using rt-pcr, from the sera of patients now residing in canada, 11 of which were african immigrants. the resulting genomes varied between 9421 and 9475 nt in length and each contains a single orf of 9018-9069 nt. ... | 2009 | 19357224 |
| genetic variability of hepatitis c virus in south egypt and its possible clinical implication. | egypt is one of the countries with very high rates of hepatitis c virus (hcv) related morbidity and mortality. however, little is known about geographical and clinical differences in genetic variability of hcv in egypt. using direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial core/e1 and ns5b regions of the hcv genome, hcv genotype/subtype was determined in 129 hcv-infected patients residing in three governates in south egypt: assuit, sohag, and qena. according to clinical stage of infection ... | 2009 | 19382263 |
| effects of e2 and e1 glycosylation on specific membrane fusion in rubella virus strain jr23. | to explore the effects of glycosylation in glycoprotein on membrane fusion in rubella virus strain jr23. | 2009 | 19401615 |
| directed molecular evolution improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a venezuelan equine encephalitis virus dna vaccine. | we employed directed molecular evolution to improve the cross-reactivity and immunogenicity of the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) envelope glycoproteins. the dna encoding the e1 and e2 proteins from veev subtypes ia/b and ie, mucambo virus (mucv), and eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (eeev and weev) were recombined in vitro to create libraries of chimeric genes expressing variant envelope proteins. elisas specific for all five parent viruses were used in high-throughp ... | 2009 | 19406186 |
| mode of interaction between the hiv-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2f5 and its epitope. | to determine the mechanism of interaction between the hiv-1 gp41-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) 2f5, its epitope in the membrane proximal external region and a domain located in the fusion peptide proximal region in the n-terminal region of gp41. knowledge of these interactions would be useful for the design of antigens used to induce 2f5-like antibodies. | 2009 | 19414989 |
| 7-o-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides from the whole plant of nervilia fordii. | five new 7-o-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides, namely, nervilifordins a-e (1-5), were isolated from the whole plant of nervilia fordii, together with seven known flavonoids (6, 7, and 9-13) and one known coumarin (8). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including hsqc, hmbc, roesy, and chemical methods. compounds 1-3 and 6-13 were evaluated for their anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) activity and cytotoxicity on african green monkey kidn ... | 2009 | 19422205 |
| diagnostic potential and limitation of imaging cancer cells in cytological samples using telomerase-specific replicative adenovirus. | cytological cancer screening that targets genetic or epigenetic abnormalities may be a viable alternative to morphological screening. detecting cancer cells by specific genetic markers helps their easy detection in cytological samples. we recently established the telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus obp-401, in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) gene promoter has been inserted upstream of the e1 genes, and in which the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene is ... | 2009 | 19424572 |
| a pyrazolotriazolopyrimidinamine inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | [7-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propyl]-2-(2-furyl)-7h-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine] (lz37) was identified as a selective inhibitor of in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) replication. the ec(50) values for inhibition of bvdv-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) formation, viral rna synthesis and production of infectious virus were 4.3+/-0.7microm, 12.9+/-1microm and 5.8+/-0.6microm, respectively. lz37 proved inactive against the hepatitis c virus and the flavivirus yello ... | 2009 | 19428605 |
| [novel strategies for preventing viral hepatitis c recurrence after liver transplantation]. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. about 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected. no preventive or therapeutic vaccine is available. current antiviral combinations based on pegylated interferon alpha (ifn-alpha) and ribavirin have limited efficacy, poor tolerability and high cost. end-stage liver disease due to chronic hcv infection is a leading indication for liver transplantation (lt). however, re-infection of the liver graft is inevitable, with a ... | 2008 | 19445379 |
| hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins complementation patterns and the role of the ecto- and transmembrane domains. | we separated e1 and e2 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes 1a, 1b, and 2a into two individual expression plasmids and replaced the transmembrane domains of 1b and 2a e1 and e2 with that of genotype 1a. the complementation features of e1 and e2 as well as the contributions of both the ecto- and transmembrane domains to the formation of the e1e2 complex were evaluated using the hcv pseudoparticle(s) (hcvpp(s)) system. we demonstrated that 1ae2 could not only complement its native 1ae1, but could ... | 2009 | 19464265 |
| [expression of recombinant rubella virus e1 protein and initial application for detecting of antibody]. | to apply recombinant rubella virus envelope protein-1 (e1) to detect human rubella virus igg antibody. | 2008 | 19469182 |
| [construction of plasmid expression vector for specific peptide of the rubella virus e1 gene]. | to construct a recombinant plasmid vector of the rv specific fragment for expressing the specific fragment of rv e1 protein. | 2009 | 19472904 |
| conserved peptides within the e2 region of hepatitis c virus induce humoral and cellular responses in goats. | the reason(s) why human antibodies raised against hepatitis c virus (hcv) e2 epitopes do not offer protection against multiple viral infections may be related to either genetic variations among viral strains particularly within the hypervariable region-1 (hvr-1), low titers of anti e2 antibodies or interference of non neutralizing antibodies with the function of neutralizing antibodies. this study was designed to assess the immunogenic properties of genetically conserved peptides derived from th ... | 2009 | 19473491 |
| tracking the entry routes of hepatitis c virus as a surrogate of hiv in an hiv-low prevalence country, the philippines. | from 2002 to 2007, 1,590 individuals were enrolled in an active surveillance program conducted in metro cebu, philippines, where the anti-hcv-positive rate was significantly and constantly high among injecting drug users (83%, 793/960; 71-88%), especially among those living in downtown (89%, 683/770; 87-100%), despite the extremely low percentage of anti-hiv-positives (0.34%, 3/874). sampling areas were then enlarged nationwide and the number of samples increased to 2,645 at the end of 2007. a t ... | 2009 | 19475613 |
| hcv entry and neutralizing antibodies: lessons from viral variants. | evaluation of: grove j, nielsen s, zhong j et al.: identification of a residue in hepatitis c virus e2 glycoprotein that determines scavenger receptor bi and cd81 receptor dependency and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. j. virol. 82 (24), 12020-12029 (2008). recent data suggest that a strong, early, broad neutralizing antibody response may contribute to the control of hcv in the acute phase of infection. however, the majority of individuals fail to clear hcv during the first months follow ... | 2009 | 19492962 |
| hepatitis c virus ns2 protein contributes to virus particle assembly via opposing epistatic interactions with the e1-e2 glycoprotein and ns3-ns4a enzyme complexes. | the hepatitis c virus ns2 protein has been recently implicated in virus particle assembly. to further understand the role of ns2 in this process, we conducted a reverse genetic analysis of ns2 in the context of a chimeric genotype 2a infectious cell culture system. of 32 mutants tested, all were capable of rna replication and 25 had moderate-to-severe defects in virus assembly. through forward genetic selection for variants capable of virus spread, we identified second-site mutations in e1, e2, ... | 2009 | 19515772 |
| chikungunya virus and aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection. | aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are potential vectors of chikungunya virus (chikv). the recent chikv outbreaks were caused by a new variant characterized by a mutation in the e1 glycoprotein gene (e1-226v) which has favored a better transmissibility by ae. albopictus. as ae. albopictus tends to replace ae. aegypti in many regions, one question remained: is ae. albopictus as efficient as ae. aegypti to transmit the variant e1-226v of chikv? | 2009 | 19521520 |
| unequal distribution of rt-pcr artifacts along the e1-e2 region of hepatitis c virus. | although viral variability studies have focused traditionally on consensus sequences, the relevance of molecular clone sequences for studying viral evolution at the intra-host level is being increasingly recognized. however, for this approach to be reliable, rt-pcr artifacts do not have to contribute excessively to the observed variability. molecular clone sequences were obtained from an in vitro transcript to estimate the maximum error rate associated to rt-pcr for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) e ... | 2009 | 19523983 |
| alimentary transmission of tick-borne encephalitis in the czech republic (1997-2008). | analysis of cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) with confirmed food-borne transmission in patients who were unaware of tick attachment prior to the onset of illness. | 2009 | 19526924 |
| liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a site of murine cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation. | latent cytomegalovirus (cmv) is frequently transmitted by organ transplantation, and its reactivation under conditions of immunosuppressive prophylaxis against graft rejection by host-versus-graft disease bears a risk of graft failure due to viral pathogenesis. cmv is the most common cause of infection following liver transplantation. although hematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage are a recognized source of latent cmv, the cellular sites of latency in the liver are not comprehensively typed ... | 2009 | 19535440 |
| hepatitis c virus core, ns3, ns4b and ns5a are the major immunogenic proteins in humoral immunity in chronic hcv infection. | the viral genome of hepatitis c virus constitutes a 9.6-kb single-stranded positive-sense rna which encodes altogether 11 viral proteins. in order to study the humoral immune responses against different hcv proteins in patients suffering from chronic hcv infection, we produced three structural (core, e1 and e2) and six nonstructural proteins (ns2, ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a and ns5b) in sf9 insect cells by using the baculovirus expression system. | 2009 | 19549310 |
| molecular analysis of transmission of hepatitis c virus in a nurse who acquired acute hepatitis c after caring for a viremic patient with epistaxis. | a 23-year-old nurse (hc-ip) developed acute hepatitis c. intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was suspected initially because her parents were carriers of hcv of the same genotype (1b) as that of patient hc-ip. however, the hcv isolate from patient hc-ip and those from her parents shared identities of only 92.4-92.7% in the 1,087-nucleotide (nt) sequence within the ns5b region. it was then suspected that she contracted hcv infection during medical practice. sixteen patients with ... | 2009 | 19551839 |
| new insights into processing of bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoproteins e(rns) and e1. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. its single-stranded rna encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved co- and post-translationally by viral and cellular proteases. however, the cleavage between the envelope proteins e(rns) and e1 is still unexplained. in this study, an e(rns)-e1 protein could be identified and characterized with a new e1-specific antiserum. with bicistronic constructs bearing a deletion in the e(rns)-encoding region ... | 2009 | 19553392 |
| surface display of igg fc on baculovirus vectors enhances binding to antigen-presenting cells and cell lines expressing fc receptors. | recombinant baculoviruses (recbv) were constructed with dual cassettes for constitutive expression of human igg fc following infection of insect cells and the structural proteins of hepatitis c virus (core, e1 and e2) following transduction of mammalian cells. the igg fc was expressed in insect cells as a fusion protein with the signal sequence and transmembrane region of either the native baculovirus envelope protein gp64 or the human transferrin receptor as a type i or type ii integral membran ... | 2009 | 19557497 |