| [influenza in poland in 2001]. | in 2001 the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ili) registered in poland amounted to 576,449. this is 36.1% of the number of cases recorded in 2000. the highest influenza incidence was found in dolnoślaskie voivodship (3013.4 per 100,000), mazowieckie voivodship (2688.5 per 100,000) and zachodniopomorskie voivodship (2132.2 per 100,000). in children aged 0 to 14 years the number of influenza and ili cases amounted to 275,358 (incidence was 3851.4 per 100,000) and this is 47 ... | 2003 | 12926309 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2002. | surveillance for influenza in australia in 2002 was based on notifications to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system from all states and territories, national and state-based sentinel practice consultations for influenza-like illness and reports of influenza virus isolations from a laboratory network. the impact of influenza was assessed by absenteeism data from a major national employer. influenza a was the dominant type, 99 per cent of which were subtype h3n2 with only a single h ... | 2003 | 12926731 |
| rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in clinical specimens by light cycler real time rt-pcr. | the influenza viruses cause morbidity and mortality annually among children and elderly. surveillance and rapid diagnosis is imperative in the reference laboratory, as clinical symptoms are insufficient for proper diagnosis. | 2003 | 12927751 |
| systemic cytokine responses in patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy. | influenza-associated encephalopathy, a severe neurologic complication of influenza, is being reported more frequently in japan. we investigated the transcription of cytokine genes in peripheral blood leukocytes and compared patients with influenza and with encephalopathy or febrile convulsions and patients with influenza but without neurologic complications. a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed that transcription of the interleukin (il)-6, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alph ... | 2003 | 12934185 |
| [spread and properties of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains accountable for morbidity in russia during 1999-2002]. | the strains of influenza a -a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b viruses were shown in the paper to have been circulating in russia in 1999-2002. a co-circulation of viruses of 2 to 3 types was detected in all epidemic seasons. a majority of strains was isolated on the culture of cells mdck. a study of epidemic strains revealed the predominance of viruses a(h3n2) in 1999-2000, the predominance of viruses a(h1n1) in 2000-2001, and the predominance of influenza b viruses in 2001-2002. according to the conducted ... | 2003 | 12945200 |
| antigenic and genomic relation between human influenza viruses that circulated in argentina in the period 1995-1999 and the corresponding vaccine components. | the analysis of epidemic influenza virus has been focused on antigenic and genomic characterization of the hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein in order to detect new variants for the recommendation of the vaccine strains in each season. since october 1998, who organized a second meeting to evaluate the vaccine formula for the southern hemisphere. | 2003 | 12957183 |
| genescan reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of six common respiratory viruses in young children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. | a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay based on automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis and genescan software analysis was developed to detect six common respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from young children. assays for human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv); human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (hpiv1, -2, and -3, respectively); and influenza a and b viruses were incorporated into a single standard assay format. the optimized assay panel was used to test 470 respiratory ... | 2003 | 12958260 |
| hla class ii-restricted cd4+ t cell responses directed against influenza viral antigens postinfluenza vaccination. | the memory t cell response is polyclonal, with the magnitude and specificity of the response controlled in part by the burst size of t cells expanded from effector/memory precursors. sensitive assays using hla class ii multimers were used to detect low-frequency ag-specific t cells directed against influenza viral ags in subjects immunized with the influenza vaccine. direct ex vivo tetramer staining of pbmc from five individuals identified frequencies of hemagglutinin (ha) 306-318 tetramer bindi ... | 2003 | 12960344 |
| crystal structure of the m1 protein-binding domain of the influenza a virus nuclear export protein (nep/ns2). | during influenza virus infection, viral ribonucleoproteins (vrnps) are replicated in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm before assembling into mature viral particles. nuclear export is mediated by the cellular protein crm1 and putatively by the viral protein nep/ns2. proteolytic cleavage of nep defines an n-terminal domain which mediates rangtp-dependent binding to crm1 and a c-terminal domain which binds to the viral matrix protein m1. the 2.6 a crystal structure of the c-termina ... | 2003 | 12970177 |
| organization and expression strategy of the ambisense genome of densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella. | the expression strategy of parvoviruses of the densovirus genus has as yet not been reported. clones were obtained from the densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella (gmdnv) that yielded infectious virus upon transfection into ld652 cells. its genome was found to be the longest (6,039 nucleotides [nt]), with the largest inverted terminal repeats (itrs) (550 nt) among all parvoviruses. the distal 136 nt could be folded into hairpins with flop or flip sequence orientations. in contrast to verteb ... | 2003 | 12970420 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein is transported through the trans-golgi network as an integral membrane protein. | a bicistronic mrna transcribed from the influenza b virus rna segment 7 encodes two viral proteins, matrix protein m1 and uncharacterized small protein bm2. in the present study, we focused on the cytoplasmic transport and cellular membrane association of bm2. immunofluorescence studies of virus-infected cells indicated that bm2 accumulated at the golgi apparatus immediately after synthesis and then was transported to the plasma membrane through the trans-golgi network. localization of a set of ... | 2003 | 12970447 |
| isolation and identification of influenza virus strains circulating in thailand in 2001. | local influenza surveillance plays an important role in preparing for, and responding to, epidemics and pandemics. between january and december 2001, the national institute of health of thailand collected a total of 711 throat swab specimens from outpatients affected with acute respiratory symptoms from several centers throughout thailand, of which 374 were virus-positive. of these, 338 (90.4%) were positive for influenza virus by immunofluorescence testing. by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) t ... | 2003 | 12971520 |
| [comparative study on safety and immunogenicity between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine]. | to compare the reactogenicity and serology between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine. | 2003 | 12975010 |
| effect of sodium monofluoroacetate on the multiplication of influenza viruses, mumps virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | sodium fluoroacetate, given after virus inoculation in doses of 3 to 4 mg. per kg. in mice or 2 mg. in chick embryos, caused only a slight delay in the multiplication of the pr8 strain of influenza a virus in the mouse lung and of pr8 or the lee strain of influenza b virus in the allantoic sac. the quantities of the compound used were sufficient to cause approximately 10 to 20 per cent mortality in mice and 100 per cent in chick embryos. the use of small virus inocula did not markedly increase t ... | 1952 | 13022848 |
| [influenza in florence in the winter of 1951-1952; epidemiology of influenza b]. | | 1952 | 13036778 |
| in vitro effects of cortisone on multiplication of influenza b virus. | | 1953 | 13037869 |
| studies on host-virus interactions in the chick embryo-influenza virus system. vii. data concerning the significance of infectivity titration end-points and the separation of clones at limiting dilutions. | equal mixtures of influenza a (pr8) and b (lee) viruses, based on predetermined id(50) values of the individual preparations, were titrated in closely spaced steps near the 50 per cent infectivity end-point. typing of the hemagglutinins found in the allantoic fluids after incubation of the eggs for 72 hours showed an approximately equal distribution between types a and b, when less than 2 id(50) of the mixed seed had been injected. with larger inocula influenza a became dominant because it repro ... | 1953 | 13069643 |
| [study of focal epidemic of influenza b on the island of ischia (1951-52); virologic and serologic research]. | | 1953 | 13075788 |
| an experience with vaccination against influenza b in 1952 by use of monovalent vaccine. | | 1953 | 13080256 |
| the antigenic composition of the influenza virus b strains isolated during the epidemic of influenza b in the winter 1951/52 in the netherlands. | | 1953 | 13080984 |
| inhibition of influenza virus multiplication by alkyl derivatives of benzimidazole. i. kinetic aspects of inhibition by 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole as measured by infectivity titrations. | at a concentration of 0.0026 m, 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole caused a number of alterations in the first cycle of multiplication of influenza b virus, lee strain, in chorioallantoic membrane cultures in vitro. as determined by infectivity titrations in ovo on the membrane per se, the following alterations were observed: the duration of the latent period was increased by 80 per cent. the rate of increase in titer during the incremental period was somewhat decreased. the yield of virus was decreased ... | 1953 | 13084841 |
| inhibition of influenza virus multiplication by alkyl derivatives of benzimidazole. ii. measurement of inhibitory activity by hemagglutination titrations. | the activity of compounds which inhibit the multiplication of influenza virus can be measured in chorioallantoic membrane cultures in vitro by means of hemagglutination titrations on the medium. studies on the reproducibility of virus reproduction in membrane cultures have revealed the major variables which affect the results and thus have led to the development of a precise technique. under strictly controlled experimental conditions, the extent of reproduction of the virus in membrane cultures ... | 1953 | 13084842 |
| inhibition of influenza virus multiplication by alkyl derivatives of benzimidazole. iii. relationship between inhibitory activity and chemical structure. | the degree of inhibition of multiplication of influenza b virus, lee strain, in membrane cultures in vitro appears to be directly related to the concentration of the inhibitory compounds used in this investigation. with each of the alkyl derivatives of benzimidazole, evidence for such a relationship was obtained in the range between 60 and 90 per cent inhibition of virus multiplication. alteration of the structure of benzimidazole by substitution of alkyl radicals at various positions in either ... | 1953 | 13084843 |
| an experience with vaccination against influenza b in 1952 using monovalent vaccine. | | 1953 | 13091359 |
| influenza antibodies in the population of the usa; an epidemiological investigation. | sera taken from persons of various ages in 1951 and collected from adults yearly from 1943 to 1951, inclusive, were tested by the haemagglutination-inhibition method with influenza viruses selected to represent the subgroups of each antigenic type. these were influenza a-ws (1933) and pr8 (1934); influenza a-prime-fm1 (1947) and fw-1-50 (1950); influenza b-lee (1940) and ib1 (1950); influenza c-1233 (1947). the sera tested with influenza a and b viruses were treated with cholera filtrate to remo ... | 1953 | 13094497 |
| recombination studies with two influenza virus b strains. | | 1953 | 13115312 |
| disruption of influenza virus; properties of degradation products of the virus particle. | 1. the hemagglutinating capacity, enzymic activity, and infectivity of several influenza viruses were destroyed by repeated freezing and thawing of dialyzed allantoic fluids containing them. 2. influenza virus degraded by freezing and thawing, by treatment with 5 m urea, or by heating at 65 degrees c. still combined with homologous antibody and was demonstrable by blocking of the hemagglutination-inhibition and virus neutralization reactions. 3. after 50 cycles of freezing and thawing, much of t ... | 1954 | 13152279 |
| the stability of human complement-fixing antibodies against lymphogranuloma venereum, psittacosis, influenza a, and influenza b antigens under various conditions of storage. | | 1954 | 13163563 |
| [characteristics of influenza virus b cultured in laboratory conditions]. | | 1954 | 13172282 |
| epidemic of influenza b among greenlandic patients in a danish tuberculosis sanatorium; influenza and pulmonary tuberculosis. | | 1954 | 13188754 |
| [new subtype of influenza virus b]. | | 1954 | 13196632 |
| [comparative evaluation of methods of laboratory diagnosis of influenza b]. | | 1953 | 13205669 |
| [data on virusologic and serologic study of influenza b]. | | 1953 | 13205671 |
| influenza b in boston, 1952; isolations of virus and serologic studies in patients, including a study of antigenic differences among influenza b viruses isolated in boston from 1945 to 1952. | | 1955 | 13228410 |
| the influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. i. prolongation of survival time and suppression of inflammation in chick embryos infected with influenza b virus. | | 1955 | 13233520 |
| isolation and cytopathogenic effect of influenza b viruses in monkey kidney cultures. | | 1955 | 13254857 |
| reproduction of influenza viruses; quantitative investigations with particle enumeration procedures on the dynamics of influenza a and b virus reproduction. | influenza a and b virus reproduction in the allantoic membrane of the intact chicken embryo was studied quantitatively with particle enumeration procedures. virus particles were enumerated on the basis of two independent properties; capacity to infect and to cause hemagglutination. the infective property of influenza b virus (lee) was even more unstable than that of influenza a virus (pr8). inactivation occurred at a constant logarithmic rate which was independent of the concentration of particl ... | 1955 | 13263486 |
| inhibition of mumps and influenza b virus multiplication by synthetic poly-d-lysine. | | 1956 | 13297788 |
| [characteristics of biological properties of strains of influenza virus b isolated in leningrad during the recent years]. | | 1955 | 13300912 |
| [two cases of polyradiculoneuritis caused by influenza virus b]. | | 1956 | 13309034 |
| [clinical, serological and epidemiological experiences during the influenza b epidemics in 1954-55]. | | 1956 | 13321811 |
| selective chemical inhibition of influenza b virus multiplication. | | 1956 | 13345773 |
| high inhibitory activity of certain halogenated ribofuranosylbenzimidazoles on influenza b virus multiplication. | | 1956 | 13345774 |
| certain benzimidazoles, benzenes, and ribofuranosylpurines as inhibitors of influenza b virus multiplication. | | 1956 | 13345775 |
| [antigenic properties of influenza virus b isolated in 1950]. | | 1956 | 13352962 |
| an analysis of the process of adaptation of influenza virus b of recent human origin to the mouse lung. | | 1956 | 13357714 |
| an evaluation of an adjuvant influenza virus vaccine tested against influenza b in 1954-1955. | | 1956 | 13372524 |
| [virological and biological characteristics of influenza virus b isolated during 1955]. | | 1956 | 13392712 |
| [severe bronchopneumopathy caused by apc virus with probable pneumococcal superinfection developing after influenza b virus infection]. | | 1956 | 13396602 |
| [epidemiological observations in east hesse during influenza b epidemic in 1955]. | | 1957 | 13423631 |
| enzymatic variants of influenza virus. i. isolation and characterization of slowly reacting enzymatic variants of influenza b virus. | slowly reacting enzymatic variants of the lee strain of influenza b virus were isolated by the serial application of a technique which concentrated the fraction of the virus population obtained by slow elution followed by passage of this fraction at high dilution in chicken embryos. the variants were stable upon serial passage in chicken embryos and did not differ significantly from the parent virus in any of the characteristics tested other than those relating to the virus enzyme. enzymatically ... | 1957 | 13439115 |
| studies on the enzymatic properties of influenza viruses. i. the action of influenza b virus and rde on the hemagglutinin inhibitor of human meconium. | | 1957 | 13443208 |
| [homologous interference by heat-inactivated influenza-b-virus absorbed on erythrocytes]. | | 1957 | 13447900 |
| [cleavage of n-acetyl-neuraminic acid from serum by influenza virus b (lee) and a-toxin of clostridium welchii]. | | 1957 | 13474661 |
| the influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. iil effects on certain dynamics of influenza virus increase. | the administration of cortisone to chicken embryos infected with influenza b virus results in (a) an initial inhibition of viral synthesis and (b) an eventual increase in the final yield of virus attained. increased yields of virus are attained regardless of the number of viral particles in the infecting inoculum or the proportion of particles which are infective. changes in the distribution ratios of allantoic fluid and intramembrane virus are effected by cortisone only as the secondary result ... | 1957 | 13481248 |
| the influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. iv. negation of interference as the mechanism by which cortisone induces increased virus yields. | the interference with viral synthesis which is induced by large quantities of non-infective influenza b virus is inhibited or negated with small quantities of cortisone and other c-21 steroids. the specificity of this effect is attested by the inactivity of 11-alpha hydroxy epimers of highly active compounds. maximal activity in negation of interference is associated with the presence of oxygen at the c-11 position of the steroid molecule. in view of the demonstration that negation of interferen ... | 1957 | 13481249 |
| [antibody titers against influenza virus type b and against the far east strain of influenza virus in slovak inhabitants towards the end of 1957]. | | 1958 | 13585398 |
| enzymatic variants of influenza virus. ii. effect of environmental factors on enzymatic characteristics of a variant of influenza b virus. | the rate of elution of the variant virus from chicken rbc is progressively decreased as the temperature of incubation is increased above 25 degrees c. the activity of the parent virus, on the other hand, is increased as the temperature is increased up to 40 degrees c. the major cause of the decreased activity of the variant at temperatures above 2s degrees c. is an inhibition of the variant enzyme rather than its inactivation. the activity of the variant enzyme is stimulated in the presence of s ... | 1958 | 13587849 |
| protective effect of seaweed extracts for chicken embryos infected with influenza b or mumps virus. | | 1958 | 13614432 |
| development of resistance of influenza b virus to polysaccharides. | algal polysaccharide obtained from carrageenin protects 80 to 100 percent of chicken embryos against fatal infections with the lee strain of influenza virus. this report describes the rapid emergence of a stable variant of this virus which is resistant to the protective action of this polysaccharide. | 1958 | 13615309 |
| antibodies to asian influenza and influenza b: edinburgh, 1958. | | 1959 | 13629023 |
| some new or little-known respiratory viruses. | the characters and relationships of a number of viruses of potential importance in human respiratory diseases are reviewed. among the myxoviruses discussed are viruses related to influenza a (swine and horse influenza, british and czechoslovak duck influenza, fowl plague), influenza b and c, mumps and newcastle disease, and the para-influenzas. the echo viruses, 2060 and jh viruses, chimpanzee coryza agent and the common cold are also considered. in the final section of the paper the attempted t ... | 1959 | 13651924 |
| [a new photometric technic for titration of the hemagglutination power of mixed viruses. i. influenza virus type b]. | | 1959 | 13663474 |
| [basic properties of hemagglutination by influenza virus b]. | | 1959 | 13663475 |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses. | recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ... | 2003 | 13679603 |
| [clinical aspects and therapy of influenza b during the period of the winter outbreak]. | | 1960 | 13682268 |
| [evaluation of the preventive action of 1,1-(3-oxapentamethylene)-biguanide in an outbreak of influenza b]. | | 1960 | 13690293 |
| an outbreak of influenza b in panama. | | 1961 | 13696218 |
| spectrum and characteristics of the virus inhibitory action of 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole. | 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole (hbb) inhibited the cytopathic effects of the following enteroviruses: polio 1 to 3; coxsackie a9; coxsackie b 1 to 6; and echo virus types 1 to 9, 11 to 21, and 24 to 27. the following enteroviruses were not inhibited: coxsackie a types 7, 11, 13, 16, and 18; and echo types 22, 23, and 28. other hbb-insusceptible viruses were: arbor b and c, reo 1 to 3; adeno 2 to 4; influenza b; para-influenza 2 and 3; mumps; herpes simplex, and vaccinia. hbb had no inacti ... | 1961 | 13725919 |
| relationship between structure of benzimidazole derivatives and selective virus inhibitory activity. inhibition of poliovirus multiplication and cytopathic effects by 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole, and its 5-chloroderivative. | the virus inhibitory activity and selectivity of certain benzimidazole, benzotriazole, and naphthimidazole derivatives were determined with influenza b and polio type 2 viruses. among the sixty-five compounds examined, several were highly active inhibitors of influenza b virus multiplication in the chorioallantoic membrane in vitro. the following compounds, listed in order of increasing inhibitory activity, were more than 100 times as active as benzimidazole: 5-(4'-toluenesulfonamido)-benzimidaz ... | 1961 | 13775109 |
| [epidemic influenza b virus outbreak rampant this summer in tunisia]. | | 1961 | 13877830 |
| [influenza b outbreaks in the ground self-defense force, january through march, 1961]. | | 1962 | 13915207 |
| [influenza b and a2 epidemics in norway during the 1st months of 1961]. | | 1962 | 13952721 |
| laboratory studies of influenza virus type b infections in children. | | 1963 | 14023650 |
| influenza virus b as cause of acute croup syndrome. | | 1964 | 14067457 |
| enzymatic variants of influenza virus. iii. function of neuraminidase in the viral growth cycle. | padgett, billie l. (university of wisconsin, madison), and duard l. walker. enzymatic variants of influenza virus. iii. function of neuraminidase in the viral growth cycle. j. bacteriol. 87:363-369. 1964.-multiplication of a slowly reacting enzymatic variant of influenza b virus, strain lee, was compared with that of parent virus in ovo. at 35 c, although their final yields were equal, variant virus reached its peak concentration in the allantoic fluids later than parent virus. at 39 c, multipli ... | 1964 | 14151058 |
| induction of partial specific heterotypic immunity in mice by a single infection with influenza a virus. | schulman, jerome l. (cornell university medical college, new york, n.y.), and edwin d. kilbourne. induction of partial specific heterotypic immunity in mice by a single infection with influenza a virus. j. bacteriol. 89:170-174. 1965.-mice infected 4 weeks previously with influenza a virus were found to be partially immune when challenged with influenza a2 virus. this partial immunity was demonstrated by reduced titers of pulmonary virus, decreased mortality, and less extensive lung lesions. a s ... | 1965 | 14255658 |
| properties of hemagglutinins of influenza virus type b. | | 1965 | 14304762 |
| reactivation of non-infective virus in a cortisone-injected host. | the administration of cortisone to chick embryos inoculated with large quantities of inactive influenza b virus results in a rate of viral increase greater than is concommittantly observed with inocula of comparable infectivity which are devoid of inactive particles. thus, more than a mere negation of autointerference is effected. it is concluded that in the presence of cortisone reactivation has occurred of non-infective virus to a state in which it can participate in viral synthesis. cortisone ... | 1955 | 14354111 |
| [the viruses of the 1952-3 influenza epidemic]. | the results of antigenic studies of the viruses received at the world influenza centre from the 1952-3 influenza epidemic are described. as in 1950-1, two main antigenic groups of influenza a viruses could be distinguished. one group, called liverpool, contained strains closely related to 1950-1 liverpool strains. the other, called scandinavian, contained strains related to but not identical with 1950-1 scandinavian viruses. altogether, 175 scandinavian, 33 liverpool, and 4 influenza b virus str ... | 1954 | 14364180 |
| studies with influenza virus b of recent human origin. i. adaptation to the mouse lung. | | 1955 | 14367824 |
| studies with influenza virus b of recent human origin. ii. genetic interaction with mil strain of influenza b virus. | | 1955 | 14367825 |
| epidemic influenza b and c in navy recruits, 1953-1954. i. antigenic studies on influenza virus, type b. | | 1955 | 14371656 |
| epidemic influenza b and c in navy recruits, 1953-1954. ii. antigenic studies on influenza virus, type c. | | 1955 | 14371657 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of newcastle disease virus and influenza b virus in chicken embryos. | | 1960 | 14425334 |
| meningoencephalitis due to influenza virus b. | | 1960 | 14425918 |
| influenza b at fort yukon: report of an outbreak, 1961. | | 1962 | 14471738 |
| serious respiratory tract illness as a result of asian influenza and influenza b infections in children. | | 1962 | 14484063 |
| [studies on the influenza b epidemic in kyushu district, especially in kumamoto district, in the spring of 1961]. | | 1962 | 14493467 |
| evolution of surface and nonstructural-1 genes of influenza b viruses isolated in the province of québec, canada, during the 1998-2001 period. | after 2 minor winter seasons, influenza b viruses were predominantly isolated in the province of quebec, canada, during the 2000-2001 season representing 74% of laboratory-confirmed influenza viruses. we performed an antigenic study of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein and a molecular characterization of the ha1 region, nonstructural-1 (ns1) and neuraminidase (na)/nb genes of 20 influenza b strains isolated in the province of quebec during the 1998-2001 period. our isolates were compared to recent ... | 2003 | 14501190 |
| comparison of conventional viral cultures with direct fluorescent antibody stains for diagnosis of community-acquired respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children. | because of the widespread availability of rapid viral antigen testing, many institutions never adopted a routine practice of ordering viral cultures to detect community-acquired respiratory viruses (crvs). the ease of performing complete viral studies in our on site laboratory allowed us to assess the clinical implications of the absence of conventional culture results in previously healthy hospitalized children with crv infections. | 2003 | 14506369 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may-september 2003. | during may-september 2003, influenza a(h3n2) viruses circulated worldwide and were associated with mild to moderate levels of disease activity. influenza a(h1) and b viruses were reported less frequently. in north america, isolates of influenza a(h3n2), a(h1), and b were identified sporadically. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide during may-september 2003. influenza activity in north america typically peaks during december-march, which underscores the ne ... | 2003 | 14508440 |
| emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza a viruses: epidemiological study. | at present, three licensed antiviral influenza agents are available in japan: amantadine, zanamivir, and oseltamivir. these antiviral agents can be used for controlling and preventing influenza, but they are not a substitute for vaccination. amantadine is an antiviral drug with activity against influenza a viruses, but not influenza b viruses. persons who have influenza a infection and who are treated with amantadine can shed sensitive viruses early in the course of treatment and later shed drug ... | 2003 | 14513385 |
| influenza. introduction. | | 2003 | 14515908 |
| viral characteristics of influenza. | | 2003 | 14515914 |
| are the 2-isomers of the drug rimantadine active anti-influenza a agents? | there is a lack of information in the medical chemistry literature concerning the anti-influenza a activity of the drug rimantadine's 2-isomer (2-rimantadine). we now present results showing that, although 2-adamantanamine (2-amantadine) 3 is only moderately active, some 2-rimantadine analogues are effective anti-influenza a virus agents in vitro. the 2-rimantadine analogues and their spirocyclobutane and spirocyclopentane congeners were synthesized through interesting routes. the 2-rimantadine ... | 2003 | 14521332 |
| management of influenza symptoms in healthy adults. | to determine the cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing and empiric antiviral therapy for healthy adults with symptoms of influenza. | 2003 | 14521643 |
| influenza virus and cns manifestations. | neurological involvement during influenza infection has been described during epidemics and is often consistent with serious sequelae or death. an increasing incidence of influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy has been reported in japan, mainly in children. a variety of other clinical cns manifestations, such as reye's syndrome, acute necrotising encephalopathy (ane), and myelitis as well as autoimmune conditions, such as guillain-barre's syndrome, may occur during the course of influe ... | 2003 | 14522059 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors slightly beneficial for shortening flu symptoms. | | 2003 | 14529590 |
| incidence of influenza in finnish children. | influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children, but data on virologically confirmed influenza infections in children treated as outpatients are limited. | 2003 | 14551475 |