| quantification and determination of spread mechanisms of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in blood and tissues from colostrum-deprived calves during an experimental acute infection induced by a non-cytopathic genotype 1 strain. | to detect and monitor the sequential changes in virus levels, a reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using a taqman probe was carried out on frozen blood and tissues samples collected from calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) genotype 1 strain. blood samples were collected among days 1-14 post-inoculation (p.i). on day 3 p.i, viral rna was detected in blood samples from six of the eight inoculated animals ... | 2011 | 22151958 |
| norwegian mastitis control programme. | abstract: this paper describes the methods and results of the norwegian mastitis control program implemented in 1982. the program has formed an integral part of the norwegian cattle health services (nchs) since 1995. the nchs also have specific programs for milk fever, ketosis, reproduction and calf diseases. the goal of the program is to improve udder health by keeping the bulk milk somatic cell count (bmscc) low, to reduce the use of antibiotics, to keep the cost of mastitis low at herd level ... | 2009 | 22081877 |
| a thiopurine drug inhibits west nile virus production in cell culture, but not in mice. | many viruses within the flavivirus genus cause significant disease in humans; however, effective antivirals against these viruses are not currently available. we have previously shown that a thiopurine drug, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6mmpr), inhibits replication of distantly related viruses within the flaviviridae family in cell culture, including bovine viral diarrhea virus and hepatitis c virus replicon. here we further examined the potential antiviral effect of 6mmpr on several diverse ... | 2011 | 22039536 |
| suppression of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by single and dual short hairpin rna-mediated rna interference. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the most important pathogens to the cattle industry, causing a significant economic loss throughout the world. despite the wide use of various control measures for bvdv, the disease remains prevalent. in this study, we achieved an efficient inhibition of nadl strain replication by plasmid-mediated shrna targeting conserved regions of the viral genome. to further enhance the inhibiting efficiency, a dual shrna expression plasmid, which could simultaneo ... | 2011 | 21907372 |
| development of a reporter bovine viral diarrhea virus and initial evaluation of its application for high throughput antiviral drug screening. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) causes lethal mucosal disease of cattle and leads to severe economic loss of cattle production and reproduction worldwide. over the past decades, vaccination was not very successful in providing prevention of bvdv infection. this reality demands that anti-bvdv drugs should be used as an alternative treatment strategy. in this study, a bac cdna of noncytopathic bvdv strain sd-1 is constructed to contain an enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) gene between ... | 2011 | 22227616 |
| seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus neutralizing antibodies in finisher hogs in ontario swine herds and targeted diagnostic testing of 2 suspect herds. | a pilot study was initiated to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) neutralizing antibodies in finisher hogs in ontario swine herds, including 2 swine herds with clinical syndromes suspicious of bvdv. no herds were positive for bvdv antibodies by virus neutralization. the 2 swine herds with clinical disease suggestive of pestivirus infection were also negative for antibodies to bvdv in indirect fluorescent antibody assays. prevalence of bvdv in ontario swine farms i ... | 2011 | 22654141 |
| respiratory disease caused by mycoplasma bovis is enhanced by exposure to bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) but not to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2. | to determine if previous exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) type 2 affects the onset of disease caused by mycoplasma bovis, 6- to 8-month-old beef calves were exposed to bvdv or bhv-1 4 d prior to challenge with a suspension of 3 clinical isolates of m. bovis. animals were observed for clinical signs of disease and at necropsy, percent abnormal lung tissue and presence of m. bovis were determined. most animals pre-exposed to bhv-1 type 2 but not bvdv ... | 2011 | 22547839 |
| periparturient infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 causes hemorrhagic proctocolitis in a cow. | after 3 cows of a dairy herd had died from severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, a 4th sick cow was transported to the clinic. blood analyses revealed the complete absence of white blood cells, the presence of a type 1b strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and seroconversion to bvdv. | 2011 | 22467972 |
| experimental co-infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and porcine circovirus-2. | the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in the development of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2)-associated disease (pcvad) was investigated in 2 experimental studies. in the first, separate groups of germ-free pigs were inoculated with filtered tissue homogenate (from diseased pigs) containing pcv-2b + bvdv-1-like virus (group 1), pcv-2a + bvdv-1-like virus (group 4), bvdv-1-like virus only (group 3), or pcv-2b + bvdv-1-like virus following a bvdv vaccination protocol (group 2). this last grou ... | 2011 | 22362935 |
| fatal congenital anaplasmosis associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a crossbred calf. | clinical disease resulting from the vertical transmission of anaplasma marginale has only been reported on 5 occasions despite studies demonstrating successful in utero transmission. during the reported experimental induction of congenital anaplasmosis in calves, the outcome was variable but mostly led to inapparent or mild infection. there are previous case reports of fatal congenital anaplasmosis following natural infection. the clinical findings in a 2-day-old calf presented to the onderstepo ... | 2011 | 22332304 |
| fine mapping of loci on bta2 and bta26 associated with bovine viral diarrhea persistent infection and linked with bovine respiratory disease in cattle. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is considered to be the most costly infectious disease in the cattle industry. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the pathogens involved with the brd complex of disease. bvdv infection also negatively impacts cow reproduction and calf performance. loci associated with persistently infected animals (bvd-pi) and linked with brd have previously been identified near 14 mb on bovine chromosome 2 (bta2) and 15.3 mb on bovine chromosome 26 (bta26). the objecti ... | 2011 | 22303376 |
| natural in utero infection of neonatal calves with bovine viral diarrhoea virus on a large dairy farm in saudi arabia. | the dairy industry is a large and important business in saudi arabia. although farms are administered to high international standards, some reproduction problems, of uncertain aetiology, are encountered. the most frequently seen are conception failures, abortions, stillbirths and the birth of weak or malformed calves. these conditions are suggestive of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection. unfortunately, very little published information is available regarding the impact of this disease ... | 2011 | 23327217 |
| the diagnosis and prevalence of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in south african feedlot cattle. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection is an important viral infection affecting the cattle industry today. the prevalence of this infection in south african feedlots is unknown. ear notch biopsies were collected from chronic poor doers and animals that appeared unthrifty upon entering feedlots, as well as animals entering the hospital pen with respiratory disease for the first time. a total of 1690 samples were collected: 1074 from the former category and 616 from the latter. a routine i ... | 2011 | 23327211 |
| validation and evaluation of a commercially available elisa for the detection of antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bovine pestivirus). | to compare the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) with a virus neutralisation test (vnt) and agarose gel immunodiffusion (agid) test. | 2012 | 23356373 |
| serological and molecular evidence for natural infection of bactrian camels with multiple subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus in western china. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infects both domestic and wild animals, causing substantial economic losses. in order to investigate possible infection in bactrian camels in western china, a total of 56 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy bactrian camels and tested for bvdv antigens and antibodies using antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization test. the antigen-positive samples (n=17) were further tested for viral nucleic acids by spe ... | 2012 | 23313538 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of the ectodomain of the envelope glycoprotein e2 from bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an economically important animal pathogen which is closely related to hepatitis c virus. of the structural proteins, the envelope glycoprotein e2 of bvdv is the major antigen which induces neutralizing antibodies; thus, bvdv e2 is considered as an ideal target for use in subunit vaccines. here, the expression, purification of wild-type and mutant forms of the ectodomain of bvdv e2 and subsequent crystallization and data collection of two crystal forms grown ... | 2012 | 23295482 |
| efficacy of a bvdv subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is considered an important cause of economic loss within bovine herds worldwide. in argentina, only the use of inactivated vaccines is allowed, however, the efficacy of inactivated bvdv vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. the use of recombinant subunit vaccines has been proposed as an alternative to overcome this difficulty. different studies on protection against bvdv infection have focused the e2 protein, supporting its putative use in subunit ... | 2012 | 23291101 |
| mapping b-cell linear epitopes of ns3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. ns3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the bvdv viral proteins. to identify the potential b-cell linear antigenic epitopes within bvdv ns3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of western-blot. we found ((1)vckkiteherchvni(15)), ((20)affgvmprgttprapvr(36)), ((46)rrgletgwaythqggi(61)), ((281)egdmatgityasygyfc ... | 2012 | 23276751 |
| structure of a pestivirus envelope glycoprotein e2 clarifies its role in cell entry. | enveloped viruses have developed various adroit mechanisms to invade their host cells. this process requires one or more viral envelope glycoprotein to achieve cell attachment and membrane fusion. members of the flaviviridae such as flaviviruses possess only one envelope glycoprotein, e, whereas pestiviruses and hepacivirus encode two glycoproteins, e1 and e2. although e2 is involved in cell attachment, it has been unclear which protein is responsible for membrane fusion. we report the crystal s ... | 2012 | 23273918 |
| serosurveillance for livestock pathogens in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | routine disease surveillance has been conducted for decades in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california for pathogens shared between wildlife and domestic ruminants that may have implications for the animal production industry and wildlife health. deer sampled from 1990 to 2007 (n = 2,619) were tested for exposure to six pathogens: bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), leptospira spp., anaplasma spp. and brucella spp. we eval ... | 2012 | 23209790 |
| environmental factors influencing white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) exposure to livestock pathogens in wisconsin. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are commonly exposed to disease agents that affect livestock but environmental factors that predispose deer to exposure are unknown for many pathogens. we trapped deer during winter months on two study areas (northern forest and eastern farmland) in wisconsin from 2010 to 2013. deer were tested for exposure to six serovars of leptospira interrogans (grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, bratislava, pomona, and hardjo), bovine viral diarrhea viru ... | 2015 | 26030150 |
| pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements. | in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 24478472 |
| generation and characterization of the first immortalized alpaca cell line suitable for diagnostic and immunization studies. | raising of alpacas as exotic livestock for wool and meat production and as companion animals is growing in importance in the united states, europe and australia. furthermore the alpaca, as well as the rest of the camelids, possesses the peculiarity of producing single-chain antibodies from which nanobodies can be generated. nanobodies, due to their structural simplicity and reduced size, are very versatile in terms of manipulation and bio-therapeutic exploitation. in fact the biotech companies i ... | 2014 | 25140515 |
| pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter? | in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ... | 2014 | 24517283 |
| genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains in beijing, china and innate immune responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in persistently infected dairy cattle. | to acquire epidemiological data on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and identify cattle persistently infected (pi) with this virus, 4,327 samples from holstein dairy cows were screened over a four-year period in beijing, china. eighteen bvd viruses were isolated, 12 from pi cattle. based on genetic analysis of their 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), the 18 isolates were assigned to subgenotype bvdv-1m, 1a, 1d, 1q, and 1b. to investigate the innate immune responses in the peripheral-blood mo ... | 2015 | 26119170 |
| a transgenic ginseng vaccine for bovine viral diarrhea. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are endemic in cattle populations worldwide and cause major economic losses. thus, an effective vaccine is needed against the transmission of bvdv. the glycoprotein e(rns) is one of the envelope proteins of this virus and shows bvdv-related immunogenicity. here, we report the use of panax ginseng as an alternative production platform for the expression of glycoprotein e(rns) via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | 2015 | 25948546 |
| real-time detection of a virus using detection dogs. | viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (voc) and demonstrated that voc concentrations change during pathologic states, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. patterns of voc expression may be pathogen specific and may be associated with an odor ... | 2015 | 26779494 |
| xrn1 stalling in the 5' utr of hepatitis c virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus is associated with dysregulated host mrna stability. | we demonstrate that both hepatitis c virus (hcv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) contain regions in their 5' utrs that stall and repress the enzymatic activity of the cellular 5'-3' exoribonuclease xrn1, resulting in dramatic changes in the stability of cellular mrnas. we used biochemical assays, virus infections, and transfection of the hcv and bvdv 5' untranslated regions in the absence of other viral gene products to directly demonstrate the existence and mechanism of this novel host-v ... | 2015 | 25747802 |
| host factors that interact with the pestivirus n-terminal protease, npro, are components of the ribonucleoprotein complex. | the viral n-terminal protease n(pro) of pestiviruses counteracts cellular antiviral defenses through inhibition of irf3. here we used mass spectrometry to identify a new role for n(pro) through its interaction with over 55 associated proteins, mainly ribosomal proteins and ribonucleoproteins, including rna helicase a (dhx9), y-box binding protein (ybx1), ddx3, ddx5, eif3, igf2bp1, multiple myeloma tumor protein 2, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (iebp3), guanine nucleotide binding protein ... | 2014 | 24965446 |
| analysis of a pair of end+ and end- viruses derived from the same bovine viral diarrhea virus stock reveals the amino acid determinants in npro responsible for inhibition of type i interferon production. | the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon is induced by the inhibition of type i interferon in pestivirus-infected cells in vitro, via proteasomal degradation of cellular interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3 with the property of the viral autoprotease protein n(pro). reportedly, the amino acid residues in the zinc-binding trash motif of n(pro) determine the difference in characteristics between end-phenomenon-positive (end(+)) and end-phenomenon-negative (end(-)) classical swine ... | 2014 | 25648277 |
| inhibition of hepatitis c virus replication by gs-6620, a potent c-nucleoside monophosphate prodrug. | as a class, nucleotide inhibitors (nis) of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) rna-dependent rna polymerase offer advantages over other direct-acting antivirals, including properties, such as pangenotype activity, a high barrier to resistance, and reduced potential for drug-drug interactions. we studied the in vitro pharmacology of a novel c-nucleoside adenosine analog monophosphate prodrug, gs-6620. it was found to be a potent and selective hcv inhibitor against hcv repl ... | 2014 | 24419349 |
| residues arg283, arg285, and ile287 in the nucleotide binding pocket of bovine viral diarrhea virus ns5b rna polymerase affect catalysis and fidelity. | residues arg283, arg285, and ile287 are highly conserved amino acids in bovine viral diarrhea virus rna polymerase (bvdv rdrp) and rdrps from related positive-strand rna viruses. this motif is an important part of the binding pocket for the nascent rna base pair during initiation and elongation. we found that replacement of the arginines with alanines or more conserved lysines or replacement of isoleucine with alanine or valine alters the ability of the mutant rdrps to incorporate ribonucleotide ... | 2012 | 23077294 |
| a novel membrane fusion protein family in flaviviridae? | enveloped viruses must fuse their lipid membrane to a cellular membrane to deliver their genome into the cytoplasm for replication. viral envelope proteins catalyze this critical membrane fusion event. they fall into three distinct structural classes. in 2013, envelope proteins from a pestivirus and hepatitis c virus were found to have two distinct novel folds. this was unexpected because these viruses are in the same family as flaviviruses, which have class ii fusion proteins. we propose that t ... | 2014 | 24569295 |
| interaction of csfv e2 protein with swine host factors as detected by yeast two-hybrid system. | e2 is one of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus (csfv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). e2 is involved in several critical functions, including virus entry into target cells, induction of a protective immune response and virulence in swine. however, there is no information regarding any host binding partners for the e2 proteins. here, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system and identified fifty-seven host proteins as positive binding partners ... | 2014 | 24416391 |
| rna structural elements determine frequency and sites of nonhomologous recombination in an animal plus-strand rna virus. | for highly variable rna viruses, rna recombination significantly contributes to genetic variations which may lead to changes of virulence, adaptation to new hosts, escape from the host immune response, and emergence of new infectious agents. using a system based on transfection of cells with synthetic nonreplicable subgenomic transcripts derived from bovine viral diarrhea virus (family flaviviridae), the existence of a replication-independent mechanism of rna recombination, in addition to the co ... | 2012 | 22532677 |
| structure of hepatitis c virus polymerase in complex with primer-template rna. | the replication of the hepatitis c viral (hcv) genome is accomplished by the ns5b rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), for which mechanistic understanding and structure-guided drug design efforts have been hampered by its propensity to crystallize in a closed, polymerization-incompetent state. the removal of an autoinhibitory β-hairpin loop from genotype 2a hcv ns5b increases de novo rna synthesis by >100-fold, promotes rna binding, and facilitated the determination of the first crystallographic ... | 2012 | 22496223 |
| viral inactivation of human osteochondral grafts with methylene blue and light. | cartilage injury is one of the most common disorders of synovial joints. fresh osteochondral allografts are becoming a standard treatment; however, they are supply constrained with a potential risk of disease transmission. there are no known virucidal processes available for osteochondral allografts and most methods presently available are detrimental to cartilage. methylene blue light treatment has been shown to be successful in the literature for viral inactivation of fresh frozen plasma. the ... | 0 | 26069682 |
| stability of the resistance to the thiosemicarbazone derived from 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone, a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is the prototype pestivirus. bvdv infection is distributed worldwide and causes serious problems for the livestock industry. the thiosemicarbazone of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (tsc) is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (nni) of bvdv. all tsc-resistant bvdv variants (bvdv-tscr t1-5) present an n264d mutation in the ns5b gene (rdrp) whereas the variant bvdv-tscr t1 also presents an ns5b a392e mutation. in the present study, we carried out twenty passages of bv ... | 2014 | 24950191 |
| morphology and molecular composition of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus envelope. | the family flaviviridae includes viruses that have different virion structures and morphogenesis mechanisms. most cellular and molecular studies have been so far performed with viruses of the hepacivirus and flavivirus genera. here, we studied bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a member of the pestivirus genus. we set up a method to purify bvdv virions and analyzed their morphology by electron microscopy and their protein and lipid composition by mass spectrometry. cryo-electron microscopy show ... | 2016 | 26939061 |
| the c-terminal tail of trim56 dictates antiviral restriction of influenza a and b viruses by impeding viral rna synthesis. | accumulating data suggest that tripartite-motif-containing (trim) proteins participate in host responses to viral infections, either by acting as direct antiviral restriction factors or through regulating innate immune signaling of the host. of >70 trims, trim56 is a restriction factor of several positive-strand rna viruses, including three members of the family flaviviridae(yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus) and a human coronavirus (oc43), and this ability invari ... | 2016 | 26889027 |
| overlapping and distinct molecular determinants dictating the antiviral activities of trim56 against flaviviruses and coronavirus. | the tripartite motif-containing (trim) proteins have emerged as a new class of host antiviral restriction factors, with several demonstrating roles in regulating innate antiviral responses. of >70 known trims, trim56 inhibits replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a ruminant pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, but has no appreciable effect on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a rhabdovirus. yet the antiviral spectrum of trim56 remains undefined. in particular, how trim56 impacts human-pa ... | 2014 | 25253338 |
| production of monoclonal antibody against recombinant polypeptide from the erns coding region of the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) is an economically important cattle disease with a worldwide distribution. detection and elimination of animals persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is essential for the control of bvd and eradication of bvdv. there are usually no pathognomonic clinical signs of bvdv infection. diagnostic investigations therefore rely on laboratory-based detection of the virus, or virus-induced antigens or antibodies. | 2015 | 26870309 |
| editorial: control of pestivirus infections in the management of wildlife populations. | | 2016 | 27660626 |
| evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central spain. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (sus scrofa). it is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. little is known about the sharing of bvdv infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is importa ... | 2016 | 26767363 |
| challenges in identifying and determining the impacts of infection with pestiviruses on the herd health of free ranging cervid populations. | although most commonly associated with the infection of domestic livestock, the replication of pestiviruses, in particular the two species of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), occurs in a wide range of free ranging cervids including white-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk, red deer, roe deer, eland and mousedeer. while virus isolation and serologic analyses indicate that pestiviruses are circulating in these populations, little is known regarding their impact. the lack of regular survei ... | 2016 | 27379051 |
| immunological response to single pathogen challenge with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex: an rna-sequence analysis of the bronchial lymph node transcriptome. | susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (brd) is multi-factorial and is influenced by stress in conjunction with infection by both bacterial and viral pathogens. while vaccination is broadly used in an effort to prevent brd, it is far from being fully protective and cases diagnosed from a combination of observed clinical signs without any attempt at identifying the causal pathogens are usually treated with antibiotics. dairy and beef cattle losses from brd are profound worldwide and genetic ... | 2015 | 26121276 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in domestic and wild small ruminants and camelids including the mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. the virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of virus throughout their lifetime. bvdv has been reported in over 40 domestic and free-ranging species, an ... | 2016 | 26779126 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus in zoos: a perspective from the veterinary team. | the many different species in close proximity make zoological collections a unique environment for disease transmission. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is of special concern with zoos due to the numerous exotic ruminant species that this virus can infect. bvdv occurs as both a non-cytopathic and a cytopathic strain both of which are capable of infecting exotic ruminants. the cytopathic strain causes mucosal disease (md) and death. infection with the non-cytopathic strain may produce persiste ... | 2016 | 26779151 |
| immunocompetent truncated e2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) expressed in nicotiana tabacum plants: a candidate antigen for new generation of veterinary vaccines. | the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is the etiological agent responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases in cattle. the glycoprotein e2 is the major envelope protein of this virus and the strongest inductor of the immune response. there are several available commercial vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea (bvd), which show irregular performances. here, we report the use of tobacco plants as an alternative productive platform for the expression of the truncated version of e2 glycopr ... | 2012 | 22554468 |
| molecular detection of bovine coronavirus in a diarrhea outbreak in pasture-feeding nellore steers in southern brazil. | worldwide diarrhea outbreaks in cattle herds are more frequently detected in calves being that diarrhea outbreaks in adult cattle are not common. winter dysentery (wd) is a bovine coronavirus (bcov) enteric infection that is more reported in northern hemisphere. seasonal outbreaks of wd in adult cattle occur mainly in dairy cows. wd has not been described in beef cattle herds of tropical countries. this study describes the molecular detection of bcov in a diarrhea outbreak in beef cattle steers ... | 2016 | 26712361 |
| biosecurity aspects and pathogen inactivation in acidified high risk animal by-products. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of formic acid addition to ground high risk animal by-products (abp 1) in terms of stabilization and pathogen inactivation and to evaluate the biosecurity risk connected with the abp 1 based combustion fuel biomal. laboratory studies were performed on the persistence of salmonella typhimurium, bacillus cereus spores, porcine herpes virus, avian influenza virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, equine rhinitis a virus and porcine parvovirus in bioma ... | 2012 | 22506709 |
| estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in australian live export cattle. | the prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) was investigated in cattle prior to export. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), his ... | 2015 | 25525134 |
| mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens. | the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ... | 2014 | 24518275 |
| rapid detection of novel caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (cpiv3) using a taqman-based rt-qpcr. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens for humans and many animals. a novel caprine piv3 (cpiv3) was recently identified and isolated from chinese goat flocks with respiratory disease. in order to develop rapid and sensitive methods for cpiv3 detection in infected goats, a taqman rt-qpcr was established in this study based on the primers and probe designed to amplify a 150 nucleotide-long region located within the m gene of the virus. the method was ... | 2016 | 27448824 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| perosomus elumbis in a holstein calf infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in a female holstein calf presented with perosomus elumbis, a congenital anomaly, is reported here. a cow with dystocia was evaluated and an abnormal dead calf was detected during vaginal examination. the calf was retrieved via caesarean section and exhibited abnormalities characteristic of pe, such as vertebral and pelvic malformations. these abnormalities were further confirmed using radiographic and necropsy examinations. at necropsy cerebel ... | 2013 | 24326794 |
| a serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in turkish zoos. | zoos and zoologic gardens make optimal environments for interspecies transmission of viral infections. there are seven zoos and several small zoologic collections in turkey. this study aimed to determine the current status of viral infections in captive ungulates living in these environments. blood samples were taken from 163 captive animals from two zoos. there were 39 cameroon sheep (ovis ammon f aries), 11 barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), 57 pygmy goats (capra hircus), 9 angora goats (capra ... | 2011 | 22946369 |
| influence of border disease virus (bdv) on serological surveillance within the bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) eradication program in switzerland. | in 2008, a program to eradicate bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) in cattle in switzerland was initiated. after targeted elimination of persistently infected animals that represent the main virus reservoir, the absence of bvd is surveilled serologically since 2012. in view of steadily decreasing pestivirus seroprevalence in the cattle population, the susceptibility for (re-) infection by border disease (bd) virus mainly from small ruminants increases. due to serological cross-reactivity of pestiviruse ... | 2017 | 28086880 |
| a serosurvey for ruminant pestivirus exposure conducted using cattle sera collected for brucellosis surveillance in the united states. | four species of ruminant pestivirus are currently circulating in the united states: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2; predominant host: cattle), border disease virus (bdv; predominant host: sheep), and pronghorn virus (sporadically detected in wild ruminants). a third bovine pestivirus called hobi-like virus has been detected in cattle and water buffalo in south america, asia, and europe. to date, no isolations of hobi-like viruses from u.s. cattle have been reported. to assess ex ... | 2017 | 28074709 |
| the european hare (lepus europaeus) as a potential wild reservoir for ruminant pestiviruses. | ruminant pestiviruses cause important economic losses in livestock and the epidemiological role of free-ranging sympatric wildlife is of special interest for the implementation of pestivirus eradication plans. moreover, the emergence of high mortality outbreaks of pestivirus in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) since 2001 in the border between spain and france has increased the value of knowing the hosts that role pestivirus infection. in the present study, pestivirus infection wa ... | 2016 | 27544252 |
| [pestiviruses in ruminants]. | the genus pestivirus includes four species: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, classical swine fever disease virus, and ovine border disease virus. pestiviruses infect many species of domestic and wild animals. bovine viral diarrhea virus is a prototypical representative of the pestiviruses of ruminant animals. recently, new candidates appeared for including in this genus: two viruses of the wild ruminant animals that have not been officially classified and one hobi-li ... | 2016 | 27451496 |
| retrospective epidemiological evaluation of molecular and animal husbandry data within the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) control programme in western austria during 2009-2014. | a retrospective epidemiological investigation of molecular and animal husbandry data collected over an observation period of five years (2009-2014) within the compulsory bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) control programme in western austria, covering the federal provinces of tyrol and vorarlberg is presented in this study. samples collected from 232 infected calves were phylogenetically classified based on the 5' untranslated region (5'utr). all but 13 samples, which were typed as border disea ... | 2016 | 27344911 |
| pestivirus in alpine wild ruminants and sympatric livestock from the cantabrian mountains, spain. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) were investigated at the wildlife-livestock interface in the distribution area of chamois in the cantabrian mountains, north-western spain. from 2010 to 2014, sera from sympatric wild (n=167) and domestic (n=272) ruminants were analysed for pestivirus antibodies by celisa, virus neutralisation test (vnt) and for the presence of pestiviral rna using a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. results showed a higher seroprevalence in cattle ... | 2016 | 27083871 |
| evidence for tunisian-like pestiviruses presence in small ruminants in italy since 2007. | the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family, includes ssrna+ viruses responsible for infectious diseases in pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and other domestic and wild ruminants. like most of the rna viruses, pestivirus has high genome variability with practical consequences on disease epidemiology, diagnosis and control. in addition to the officially recognized species in the genus pestivirus, such as bvdv-1, bvdv-2, bdv and csfv, other pestiviruses have been detected. furthermore ... | 2016 | 27041547 |
| the role of herpesviruses (bohv-1 and bohv-4) and pestiviruses (bvdv and bdv) in ruminant abortion cases in western turkey. | the economic impact of abortions in ruminant breeders is one of the biggest problems in livestock. of the infectious agents, viruses, especially herpesviruses and pestiviruses, are the most important causative agents of abortion in ruminants. in the present study, the role of herpesviruses (bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine herpesvirus-4 (bohv-4)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv)) was investigated in cases of ruminant abortion between 2007 and ... | 2016 | 27038195 |
| what can pestiviral endonucleases teach us about innate immunotolerance? | pestiviruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv), occur worldwide and are important pathogens of livestock. a large part of their success can be attributed to the induction of central immunotolerance including b- and t-cells upon fetal infection leading to the generation of persistently infected (pi) animals. in the past few years, it became evident that evasion of innate immunity is a central element to induce and maint ... | 2016 | 27021825 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in saanen goats in the republic of korea. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of livestock and causes substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. bvdv is not necessarily species specific and is known to infect domesticated and wild ruminants. in the present study, bvdv infection was identified in two saanen goats from one farm, and two different viral subtypes were found, bvdv-1a and bvdv-2a. each isolate was closely related to cattle isolates identified in the republic of ... | 2016 | 26992733 |
| identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (bdv) from sheep in india. | pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in india thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1) or bvdv-2. during routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (bdv) was detected in eight indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of bd by real time rt-pcr. all the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a bvdv antigen elisa. a representative bdv isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic le ... | 2016 | 26851587 |
| pestivirus infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | reindeer species (rangifer tarandus, linnaeus, 1758) includes wild and semi-domesticated ruminants belonging to capreaolinae subfamily of cervidae family reared in eurasia (reindeer subspecies) and north america (caribou subspecies). herding of reindeer has a great historical, socio-economic and ecological importance, especially to indigenous ethnic minorities. infectious disease threats may therefore impact not solely the animal population driving it to further extinction and irreversible alter ... | 2015 | 26579094 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian bovine pestiviruses detected between 1995 and 2014. | pestivirus infections in ruminants result in significant economic losses worldwide. the aetiological agents are three species from the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, including bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and an atypical pestivirus named hobi-like pestivirus. in this study, eighty-nine pestivirus isolates that were collected in brazil between 1995 and 2014 and that originated from either cattle, fetal bovine serum (fbs) or as cell cult ... | 2017 | 26415862 |
| ligand-responsive rna mechanical switches. | ligand-responsive rna mechanical switches represent a new class of simple switching modules that adopt well-defined ligand-free and bound conformational states, distinguishing them from metabolite-sensing riboswitches. initially discovered in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), these rna switch motifs were found in the genome of diverse other viruses. although large variations are seen in sequence and local secondary structure of the switches, their function in vi ... | 2015 | 26158858 |
| the molecular biology of pestiviruses. | pestiviruses are among the economically most important pathogens of livestock. the biology of these viruses is characterized by unique and interesting features that are both crucial for their success as pathogens and challenging from a scientific point of view. elucidation of these features at the molecular level has made striking progress during recent years. the analyses revealed that major aspects of pestivirus biology show significant similarity to the biology of human hepatitis c virus (hcv ... | 2015 | 26111586 |
| emerging pestiviruses infecting domestic and wildlife hosts. | until the early 1990 s there were just three recognized species in the pestivirus genus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). subsequently bvdv were divided into two different species, bvdv1 and bvdv2 and four additional putative pestivirus species have been identified, based on phylogenetic analysis. the four putative pestivirus specices, listed in chronological order of published reports, are giraffe (isolated from one of severa ... | 2015 | 26050572 |
| genetic diversity of ruminant pestivirus strains collected in northern ireland between 1999 and 2011 and the role of live ruminant imports. | the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae includes bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus. the two recognised genotypes of bvdv are divided into subtypes based on phylogenetic analysis, namely a-p for bvdv-1 and a-c for bvdv-2. | 2015 | 27354911 |
| pestiviruses. | pestiviruses cause economically important diseases among domestic ruminants and pigs, but they may also infect a wide spectrum of wild species of even-toed ungulates (artiodactyla). bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus of sheep infect their hosts either transiently or persistently. cellular and humoral immunotolerance to the infecting strain is a unique feature of persistent infection (pi) by ruminant pestiviruses. persistence, caused by transplacental infection early in f ... | 2014 | 25384138 |
| clinical presentation resembling mucosal disease associated with 'hobi'-like pestivirus in a field outbreak. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae consists of four recognized species: bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). recently, atypical pestiviruses ('hobi'-like pestiviruses) were identified in batches of contaminated foetal calf serum and in naturally infected cattle with and without clinical symptoms. here, we describe the first report of a mucosal disease-like clinical present ... | 2016 | 24735072 |
| identification and epidemiology of a rare hobi-like pestivirus strain in bangladesh. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae consists of four recognized species: bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus. a new putative pestivirus species tentatively named as either 'hobi-like pestivirus' or bvdv-3 has recently been identified in brazil, italy and thailand. despite reports of serological evidence of bvdv in bangladesh, the types of the virus circulating in cattle have not been id ... | 2014 | 24650238 |
| n pro of bungowannah virus exhibits the same antagonistic function in the ifn induction pathway than that of other classical pestiviruses. | bungowannah virus is the most divergent atypical pestivirus that had been detected up to now, and does not fit into any of the four approved species: bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) and type 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). however, the presence of n(pro) and e(rns) coding regions, which are unique to pestiviruses, provides clear evidence of a pestivirus. nevertheless, the amino acid identity of bungowannah virus n(pro) and bvdv-1 n(pro) ... | 2014 | 24398226 |
| sheep persistently infected with border disease readily transmit virus to calves seronegative to bvd virus. | bovine viral diarrhea- and border disease viruses of sheep belong to the highly diverse genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae. ruminant pestiviruses may infect a wide range of domestic and wild cloven-hooved mammals (artiodactyla). due to its economic importance, programs to eradicate bovine viral diarrhea are a high priority in the cattle industry. by contrast, border disease is not a target of eradication, although the border disease virus is known to be capable of also infecting cattle. in thi ... | 2014 | 24315041 |
| approved and experimental countermeasures against pestiviral diseases: bovine viral diarrhea, classical swine fever and border disease. | the pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever (csfv) and border disease virus, are important livestock pathogens in many countries, but current vaccines do not completely prevent the spread of infection. control of pestiviral diseases is especially difficult due to the constant viremia and viral shedding of persistently infected (pi) animals, which must be identified and eliminated to prevent disease transmission. existing vaccines are limited by the delay between v ... | 2013 | 23928259 |
| preliminary mapping of non-conserved epitopes on envelope glycoprotein e2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and 2. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) belongs together with classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv) to the genus pestivirus in the flaviviridae family. bvdv has been subdivided into two different species, bvdv1 and bvdv2 based on phylogenetic analysis. subsequent characterization of both strains revealed major antigenic differences. because the envelope glycoprotein e2 is the most immunodominant protein for all pestiviruses, the present study focused on epitope mapping by ... | 2013 | 23838147 |
| in vitro neutralization of hobi-like viruses by antibodies in serum of cattle immunized with inactivated or modified live vaccines of bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2. | hobi-like viruses are an emerging species of pestiviruses with genetic and antigenic similarities to bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2). vaccines for hobi-like viruses are not yet available. however, both modified live virus (mlv) and killed virus (kv) vaccines against bvdv are widely used worldwide. this study evaluated the cross reactive antibody response against hobi-like pestiviruses in sera of cattle immunized with bvdv1 and bvdv2 vaccines. groups "kv" and "mlv", with 2 ... | 2013 | 23764273 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus: new software for genotyping based on the palindromic nucleotide substitutions method. | the genus pestivirus from the family flaviviridae is represented by four established species; bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1); bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2); border disease virus (bdv); and classical swine fever virus (csfv); as well a tentative species from a giraffe. the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna has been described as a new, simple and practical method for genotyping. new software is described, also named pn ... | 2013 | 23684846 |
| identification and characterization of mimotopes of classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein using specific anti-e2 monoclonal antibodies. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) shares high nucleic acid and amino acid sequence homology with the other members of the pestivirus genus, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus and border disease virus. all three viruses are able to infect swine and generate cross reactive antibodies, which is problematic during differential diagnosis for classical swine fever (csf). toward the development of a new generation of csf specific diagnostic tools, monoclonal antibodies specific for csfv were mapped us ... | 2013 | 23583685 |
| hobi-like viruses: an emerging group of pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus is composed of 4 important pathogens of livestock: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and border disease virus of sheep (bdv). bvdv are major pathogens of cattle, and infection results in significant economic loss worldwide. a new putative pestivirus species, tentatively called "hobi-like," "bvdv-3," or "atypical pestiviruses," was first identified in europe in fetal bovine serum (fbs) imported from brazil. hobi-like ... | 2013 | 23345268 |
| development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a screening test to detect antibodies against classical swine fever virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for a screening test to detect antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv). viral glycoproteins, which were purified from swine kidney cells infected with csfv ald/a76 strain by the immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody against e2 protein, were adsorbed on a microtiter plate as the antigen for the antibody detection. each antibody titer of serum sample was expressed as a sample per positive value calcul ... | 2012 | 23094583 |
| surveillance of border disease in wild ungulates and an outbreak in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in andorra. | the principality of andorra is surrounded by areas in which pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) populations were severely affected by infection with border disease virus (bdv) which caused disease outbreaks between 2001 and 2009. nevertheless, the andorran chamois populations were not affected during this period. in light of the severe impact of bdv on several of the neighboring pyrenean chamois populations, we monitored local andorran populations in an effort to detect pestivirus a ... | 2012 | 23060503 |
| efficacy of an antiviral compound to inhibit replication of multiple pestivirus species. | pestiviruses are economically important pathogens of livestock. an aromatic cationic compound (db772) has previously been shown to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 in vitro at concentrations lacking cytotoxic side effects. the aim of this study was to determine the scope of antiviral activity of db772 among diverse pestiviruses. isolates of bvdv 2, border disease virus (bdv), hobi virus, pronghorn virus and bungowannah virus were tested for in vitro susceptibility to db772 by in ... | 2012 | 22985628 |
| the first case of a bull persistently infected with border disease virus in new zealand. | poor reproductive performance was observed in 62 dairy heifers, with a pregnancy rate of 23% following 57 days mating with one 3-year-old and two 2-year old belted galloway bulls that were sourced from separate sheep and beef farms. | 2012 | 22550971 |
| comparative [corrected] codon usage between the three main viruses in pestivirus genus and their natural susceptible livestock. | classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus can cause serious livestock diseases. the relative synonymous codon usage value, the "effective number of codons" (enc), the ratio of k(s) value to k(a) value and the principle component analysis were employed to analyze the genetic characteristics of open reading frame (orf) and the four genes (the n(pro), erns, e1, e2 genes) of the three viruses and the relationship of codon usage pattern between each vir ... | 2012 | 22395914 |
| development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ... | 2017 | 28070089 |
| serological detection of infection dynamics for respiratory viruses among dairy calves. | the aim of this study is to reveal infection dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine coronavirus (bcov), which are important viral pathogens of respiratory disease complex in ruminants. through such an analysis, the regression period of maternally derived antibodies and optimum vaccination time in calves can be recommended. a total ... | 2015 | 26380946 |
| immortalized sheep microglial cells are permissive to a diverse range of ruminant viruses. | ruminants, including sheep and goats (small ruminants), are key agricultural animals in many parts of the world. infectious diseases, including many viral diseases, are significant problems to efficient production of ruminants. unfortunately, reagents tailored to viruses of ruminants, and especially small ruminants, are lacking compared to other animals more typically used for biomedical research. | 2017 | 28293985 |
| evaluation of reproductive protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 afforded by annual revaccination with modified-live viral or combination modified-live/killed viral vaccines after primary vaccination with modified-live viral vaccine. | the objective of this study was to compare reproductive protection in cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) provided by annual revaccination with multivalent modified-live viral (mlv) vaccine or multivalent combination viral (cv) vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live bohv-1 and killed bvdv when mlv vaccines were given pre-breeding to nulliparous heifers. seventy-five beef heifers were allocated into treatment groups a (n=30; two mlv ... | 2017 | 28111144 |
| reduced humoral immunity and atypical cell-mediated immunity in response to vaccination in cows naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a retrovirus that is widely distributed across us dairy herds: over 83% of herds are blv-infected and within-herd infection rates can approach 50%. blv infection reduces both animal longevity and milk production and can interfere with normal immune health. with such a high prevalence of blv infection in dairy herds, it is essential to understand the circumstances by which blv negatively affects the immune system of infected cattle. to address this question, blv- an ... | 2016 | 27863543 |
| dexamethasone treatment differentially alters viral shedding and the antibody and acute phase protein response after multivalent respiratory vaccination in beef steers. | our objective was to examine immunosuppression induced by dexamethasone (dex) administration in cattle on immunological responses to a multivalent respiratory vaccine containing replicating and nonreplicating agents. steers ( = 32; 209 ± 8 kg) seronegative to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v) were stratified by bw and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) acute immun ... | 2016 | 27695816 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in north-eastern mexico. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are well known etiological agents of cattle that produce important economic losses due to reproductive failures and calf mortality, as well as enteric and respiratory disease. tamaulipas is located northeast of mexico, an important cattle production and the principal exporter of calf and heifer to the united states. the objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of bohv-1 and of bvdv, and to determine the effe ... | 2016 | 27622156 |
| effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpes virus 1 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of an injectable trace mineral (itm) supplement containing zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper on the humoral and cell mediated immune (cmi) responses to vaccine antigens in dairy calves receiving a modified-live viral (mlv) vaccine containing bvdv, bhv1, pi3v and brsv. a total of 30 dairy calves (3.5 months of age) were administered a priming dose of the mlv vaccine containing bhv1, bvdv1 & 2, brsv, pi3v, and an attenuated-live mannheimia-pasteurella b ... | 2016 | 27496747 |
| metagenomic characterization of the virome associated with bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle identified novel viruses and suggests an etiologic role for influenza d virus. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most costly disease affecting the cattle industry. the pathogenesis of brd is complex and includes contributions from microbial pathogens as well as host, environmental and animal management factors. in this study, we utilized viral metagenomic sequencing to explore the virome of nasal swab samples obtained from feedlot cattle with acute brd and asymptomatic pen-mates at six and four feedlots in mexico and the usa, respectively, in april-october 2015. twen ... | 2016 | 27154756 |
| diagnosis and control of viral diseases of reproductive importance: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. | both bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 can have significant negative reproductive impacts on cattle health. vaccination is the primary control method for the viral pathogens in us cattle herds. polyvalent, modified-live vaccines are recommended to provide optimal protection against various viral field strains. of particular importance to bovine viral diarrhea control is the limitation of contact of pregnant cattle with potential viral reservoirs during the critical first 125 d ... | 2016 | 27140298 |