| varicella zoster virus dna exists as two isomers. | fragments of varicella zoster virus dna produced by ecori endonuclease cleavage were cloned in vector pacyc 184 and those produced by hindiii cleavage were cloned in pbr322. restriction enzyme cleavage maps established by double digestion and blot hybridization showed that varicella zoster virus dna has a mr of 80 +/- 3 x 10(6) and exists as a population of two isomers. | 1982 | 6275385 |
| immune responses to varicella-zoster in the aged. | skin test reactivity and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to varicella-zoster (vz) were examined in a large normal population ranging in age from 6 months to 93 years. warning of cellular immunity, as examined by skin delayed hypersensitivity, began at age 40 years. skin test responses to phytohemagglutinin, however, remained positive into the eighth decade of life. in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to vz were usually positive (stimulation index greater than or equal to 2.5) unt ... | 1982 | 6277260 |
| determination of immunity to varicella using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay. | | 1981 | 6277288 |
| further evidence for common antigens in herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. | to elucidate the mechanism of heterologous antibody responses to herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) which occur in some patients with hsv or vzv infections, stronger evidence was sought for the existence of cross-reacting antibodies to these viruses, using antibody absorption procedures. absorption of sera from initial hsv infections with hsv antigen was found to abolish heterologous antibody titer rises to vzv, as demonstrated in complement fixation, neutralization, and ... | 1982 | 6278070 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of varicella-zoster vaccine virus and wild-type dnas. | the dna from several clinical isolates of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were compared with the dna from the vaccine strain vzv using three restriction endonucleases: bamhi, bgii, and hpai. when electrophoresed through an agarose gel, the vaccine dna digestion pattern was significantly different from the digestion patterns of the wild-type dnas. variations in the digestion pattern of the separate clinical isolates were also observed. | 1982 | 6278073 |
| acyclovir: an effective antiviral. | | 1981 | 6278279 |
| [varicella-zoster-immunoglobulin as a safe prophylaxis of varicella (author's transl)]. | the occurrence of varicella in the course of immunosuppressive therapy is always a hazard to life. up till now, passive immunization is the only method which provides reliable protection. we have had an immunoglobulin compound at our disposal during the last 5 years. this compound was obtained by screening a plasmapool for high-titre varicella antibodies, which were then fractionated. varicella immunoglobulin was injected on 298 occasions to children incubated with varicella. there were no serio ... | 1982 | 6278297 |
| [congenital varicella syndrome]. | | 1982 | 6278379 |
| simian varicella virus (delta herpesvirus) infection of patas monkeys leading to pneumonia and encephalitis. | | 1982 | 6278510 |
| detection of anti-varicella-zoster virus antibodies in blood donors by automated passive haemagglutination. | 1,219 normal blood donors were screened for anti-varicella-zoster virus antibodies by automated passive haemagglutination (aph) on a technicon 15-channel autoanalyzer. 98 samples (8%) were positive by aph and 92% of these were shown to have antibody titres greater than or equal to 1/16 by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). parallel testing on an additional 265 donors revealed that 11 (4%) individuals had ifa titres greater than 1/16 and 6 of these 11 donors were identified by aph. thus, ap ... | 1981 | 6278772 |
| a single serum dilution method for the quantitation of neutralizing antibodies to varicella-zoster virus. | a one-point serum dilution method for determination of neutralizing antibody in human sera to varicella-zoster (v-z) virus instead of the serial serum dilution method was investigated. focus counting was performed under a microscope on day 5 to 6 after inoculation of v-z virus into 6-well plastic trays in which human embryonic lung cells were grown. a table was constructed to estimate the nd50 titers by the per cent reduction of the focus count from the control at only one dilution of test sera. ... | 1981 | 6279092 |
| specific in vitro antibody response to varicella zoster. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors were stimulated in vitro by varicella zoster (vz) antigen and antibody measured by an elisa technique. antibody was produced in 14 of 19 individuals. this antibody was specific for vz with no binding to herpes simplex virus (hsv), even when the mononuclear cells were taken from individuals who had circulating antibody to vz and hsv. the failure of antibody production in mononuclear cell cultures from some normals, all of whom had serum antibo ... | 1981 | 6279341 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to varicella-zoster virus. | primary varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection is a serious illness in immunocompromised individuals, and a rapid, sensitive, and reliable assay to identify high-risk vzv-susceptible patients would be clinically useful. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to vzv was compared with the fluorescent antibody-to-membrane antigen (fama) assay and found to be similar in both sensitivity and specificity. the antibody titers determined by both assays were also similar. the absence o ... | 1982 | 6279689 |
| leukemia patients to be given varicella vaccine. | | 1982 | 6279894 |
| molecular cloning and physical mapping of varicella-zoster virus dna. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna was cleaved with restriction endonuclease ecori, and most of the resulting fragments were successfully cloned in the phage vector lambda gtwes . lambda b. double digestions of cloned fragments with ecori and bamhi and hybridizations to blot-transferred bamhi digests of vzv dna were used to construct a physical map of the genome. the molecular termini of the dna were identified by restriction enzyme analysis after exonuclease iii digestion. the data indicate that ... | 1982 | 6280178 |
| a population study of herpesvirus infections and hla antigens. | in a population-based study of herpesvirus infection and human leukocyte antigen (hla) phenotype, conducted during the period 1977-1979 in the framingham study cohort, hla-bw16 was found less often and hla-cw2 more often in individuals with histories of herpes labialis than in other individuals. similarly, both geometric mean antibody titer to herpes simplex type 1 and proportion of individuals with detectable antibody were higher in those without bw16 and in those with cw2. no strong associatio ... | 1982 | 6280494 |
| inhibitory effects of antiherpesviral thymidine analogs against varicella-zoster virus. | thymidine analogs highly active against herpes simplex virus were compared in their inhibitory action against seven strains of varicella-zoster virus by a plaque reduction assay. e-5-bromovinyl-arabinosyluracil (bv-ara-u) was most active, followed by e-5 chlorovinyl-arabinosyluracil, e-5-bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (bv-durd), 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-arabinosyluracil, 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-arabinosylcytosine, arabinosylthymine, 5-vinyl-arabinosyluracil, acycloguanosine, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, in order ... | 1982 | 6280604 |
| acyclovir - a review of the preclinical and early clinical data of a new antiherpes drug. | a review of the literature on acyclovir (zovirax), a new antiherpes drug, with particular activity against herpes simplex virus types i and ii and also against varicella-zoster, epstein-barr, cytomegalo and herpes b viruses, is presented. the article deals with 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' efficacy in animals, animal toxicity, latency and resistance, the mechanism of action and early clinical experience. | 1981 | 6280605 |
| herpes zoster: complications pathogenesis and pathology. the specialist view. | the term herpes zoster is derived from the greek herpes: to creep and zoster: a belt or girdle. shingles is from the latin cingere: to gird, which was corrupted to mean a belt of girdle for the human form. a typical attack of herpes zoster is usually not difficult to recognise, but it is important to be aware of uncommon manifestations and complications. | 1982 | 6280661 |
| severe bronchiolitis probably caused by varicella-zoster virus. | an unusual, severe pneumonia probably caused by varicella-zoster virus is reported in a 19-year-old previously healthy man. the diagnosis was based on high titer of varicella-zoster antibodies in serum, and demonstration of varicella-zoster antigen from lung biopsy specimen. the uncommon feature in the pathophysiological course of the disease was the selective hypercarbia that responded well to bronchodilator therapy with theophylline. furthermore, the patient had no skin manifestations during h ... | 1982 | 6280925 |
| [an inhibitor of the replication of varicella-zoster virus]. | | 1980 | 6281113 |
| multiple sclerosis. electrofocused "bands" of oligoclonal csf igg do not carry antibody activity against measles, varicella-zoster or rotaviruses. | electrofocused serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) were analysed for immunoglobulins (ig) and for antibodies to measles, varicella-zoster and rotaviruses by an imprint immunofixation method. patterns of intrathecally synthesized antibodies to the 3 viruses differed from patterns of oligoclonal igg in the csf. a variable proportion of virus antibody bands (average 19% for measles antibodies, 8% for varicella-zoster antibodies, 31% for rotavirus ... | 1982 | 6281394 |
| [herpes zoster]. | this paper summarizes present knowledge on pathogenesis and therapy of herpes zoster. formerly, zoster was considered a reinfection of a partly immune individual by the varicella-zoster virus localized into a body segment of lowered resistance. recent epidemiological and virological evidence, however, suggests a different mode of pathogenesis: in the course of varicella, vzv migrates via the sensory nerves to the dorsal root ganglia where it remains in an inactive form. it may be reactivated in ... | 1981 | 6281992 |
| in vitro susceptibility of varicella-zoster virus to e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and related compounds. | the in vitro susceptibility of eight strains of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) to e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) was examined in human embryonic fibroblasts by the following techniques: inhibition of focus formation by either cell-free vzv (4-day assay) or cell-associated vzv (2-day assay), inhibition of viral antigen formation (2-day assay), and inhibition of viral cytopathogenicity (15-day assay). the 50% inhibitory dose (id50) of bvdu ranged from 0.001 microgram/ml (2-day assay) to 0 ... | 1982 | 6282207 |
| antibody pattern to human cytomegalovirus in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon. | the role of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) was examined according to serological patterns in 37 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon (acc). the sera were examined for the presence of igg antibodies by the immunoperoxidase antibody to membrane antigens (ipama) method and by the complement-fixation (cf) test. antibody determinations were also performed by the ipama method for three other members of the herpesvirus group: epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster ... | 1981 | 6282775 |
| determination of specific iga antibodies to varicella zoster virus by immunoperoxidase assay. | an indirect peroxidase technique was developed for determination of iga antibodies to varicella zoster virus (vzv). the antigen consisted of acetone-fixed trypsinised vzv-infected cells. rabbit antihuman iga peroxidase conjugate was used to detect human iga antibodies bound to viral antigen. in parallel igg antibodies to vzv were determined by an immunoperoxidase antibody to membrane antigen (ipama) technique. varicella zoster virus iga antibodies were detected in all five varicella and seven zo ... | 1982 | 6282941 |
| study of persistence of maternal antibodies to varicella-zoster virus by indirect haemagglutination, with result control by radioimmunoassay. | the persistence of maternal antibody against varicella-zoster virus was studied by the method of indirect haemagglutination (ih) and a control of the results was performed by radioimmunoassay (ria). the findings were analysed with reference to the constant half-life of passively acquired igg and the titre range and frequency of antibodies in 220 persons of fertile age representative of the normal population. statistical analysis of expected and the experimentally obtained data was performed. amo ... | 1982 | 6282961 |
| specific in vitro antibody responses by human blood lymphocytes: apparent nonresponsiveness of pbl is due to a lack of recirculating memory b cells. | | 1982 | 6282963 |
| immunologic and epidemiologic aspects of varicella infection acquired during infancy and early childhood. | the development of varicella zoster infection was studied in a population of infants under one year of age during three outbreaks of varicella in a semi-closed domiciliary institution for infants in japan. over a period of four years, many residents ranging in age from 27 days to 32 months were tested for cutaneous reactivity to vzv antigen, and vzv-specific antibody activity before, during, and after each outbreak of varicella. of these, 85 subjects developed clinical varicella, with an overall ... | 1982 | 6283050 |
| live attenuated varicella vaccine: immunization of healthy children with the oka strain. | ninety-one healthy children were immunized with one of three preparations of the oka strain of live attenuated varicella zoster virus in order to gain sufficient information on safety and immunogenicity to justify vaccine studies in immunosuppressed children. the oka-biken vaccine was studied in a dose response trial. two additional clinical trails were conducted with the oka strain that was further passaged: a frozen aqueous (oka-rit-aq) form and a lyophilized (oka-rit-ly) form were tested. wit ... | 1982 | 6283051 |
| [laboratory diagnosis for varicella-zoster virus infection--detection of viral antigens in vesicular fluid and susceptibility test for antiherpes drugs (author's transl)]. | | 1982 | 6283211 |
| herpes zoster in childhood. | | 1982 | 6283515 |
| [problems of vaccination against herpes viruses (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 6283615 |
| [on the viral etiology of bell's palsy (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study) (author's transl)]. | in a prospective study paired sera of 14 patients suffering from bell's palsy were examined for antibodies against varicella-zoster virus (vzv), herpes-simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv). for determination of antibodies against vzv, hsv and cmv an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out. indirect immunofluorescence was carried out to determine antibodies against ebv. serum samples were taken within 5 days of bell's palsy having been diagnosed and we ... | 1981 | 6285096 |
| fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (fama) procedure for determining susceptibility to varicella: an evaluation. | | 1982 | 6285115 |
| differential phosphorylation of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate by thymidylate kinases from herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. | 5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (brvdurd) is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type i (hs-i) and varicella zoster (vz) virus replication but is much less potent against herpes simplex virus type ii (hs-ii) replication. a possible enzymatic basis for this difference is reported here to involve the virus-coded dthd-dtmp kinases (ec 2.7.1.75) from the three virus strains. the thymidine kinases from the three virus strains were purified by affinity chromatography. in addition ... | 1982 | 6285172 |
| acyclovir in the treatment of simian varicella virus infection of the african green monkey. | acyclovir (9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine) administered as an intramuscular formulation twice daily at a dosage of 100 mg/kg per day prevented the development of disease in african green monkeys inoculated with simian varicella virus. viremia, appearance of a vesicular rash, and elevations of serum transaminases, each indicative of infection, were suppressed by acyclovir treatment. plasma concentrations of acyclovir were measured and showed rising levels after repeated intramuscular injection ... | 1982 | 6285700 |
| treatment of herpes virus infections in immunocompromised patients with acyclovir by continuous intravenous infusion. | sixteen immunocompromised patients with herpes virus infections were treated for three to five days with continuously administered intravenous acyclovir. patients received initial acyclovir infusions over 5 minutes in dosages ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/kg followed by continuously infused acyclovir at 7.2, 14.4, 21.6, 28.8, 36.0, or 43.2 mg/kg per day. the mean serum plateau levels of acyclovir determined by radioimmunoassay ranged from 4.1 microm for the 7.2 mg/kg per day dosage to 36.6 microm f ... | 1982 | 6285719 |
| sensitivity of herpes virus isolates from acyclovir clinical trials. | clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus have been examined for changes in drug sensitivity after treatment of patients with acyclovir. some preliminary sensitivity results determined by plaque reduction assays in vero cells for herpes simplex virus and mrc-5 cells for varicella zoster virus are presented. where both pretreatment and posttreatment virus isolates were available, no significant changes in sensitivity to acyclovir were observed. similarly, isolates taken ... | 1982 | 6285727 |
| selection and preliminary characterization of acyclovir-resistant mutants of varicella zoster virus. | a series of acyclovir-resistant mutants of varicella zoster virus (vzv) were selected in vitro by serial passage of vzv-infected human fibroblasts in increasing drug concentrations, or by continuous exposure of cultures infected at high multiplicity to 100 microm acyclovir. the in vitro susceptibility of these mutants to several antiherpetic agents was measured by the plaque-reduction assay. the capacity of extracts of cells infected with these mutants to phosphorylate acyclovir was examined and ... | 1982 | 6285728 |
| effect of acyclovir combined with other antiherpetic agents on varicella zoster virus in vitro. | the sensitivity of varicella zoster virus (vzv) strain ellen to acyclovir in combination with other antiherpetic agents in vitro has been examined by the plaque-reduction and infectious center assay methods. (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu), trifluorothymidine (tft), or 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idurd) produced, in general, additive antiviral activity when examined by either assay method. acyclovir in combination with phosphonoacetate (paa) resulted in additive effects as measured by th ... | 1982 | 6285733 |
| activation and antiviral effect of acyclovir in cells infected with a varicella-like simian virus. | acyclovir inhibited the replication of a varicella-like simian virus (dhv-1) in cell culture (vero cells) with an ed50 of 38 +/- 2 microm. the activation of acyclovir in this cell culture system was compared with that in the cell system with human varicella zoster virus (vzv). extracts of cells infected with dhv-1 catalyzed the phosphorylation of acyclovir. the phosphorylation was inhibited by dthd, suggesting the catalyst was a dthd kinase. electrophoresis of cytosol fractions on polyacrylamide ... | 1982 | 6285734 |
| mechanism of action and selectivity of acyclovir. | acyclovir, an acrylic purine nucleoside analog, is a highly potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (hsv), types 1 and 2, and varicella zoster virus, and has extremely low toxicity for the normal host cells. this selectivity is due to the ability of these viruses to code for a viral thymidine kinase capable of phosphorylating acyclovir to a monophosphate; this capability is essentially absent in uninfected cells. the acyclovir monophosphate (acyclo-gmp) is subsequently converted to acyclovir tr ... | 1982 | 6285736 |
| [immunological response of patients with herpes zoster (author's transl)]. | | 1982 | 6286440 |
| persistent varicella-zoster virus infection in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line and recovery of a plaque variant. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) has been found to persistently infect the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line a204. infectious center assays and fluorescent antibody staining demonstrated continuous production of infectious vzv and viral antigen. the level of infection determined by fluorescent antibody staining was variable, and usually only a small percentage of the cells were capable of producing plaques in permissive fibroblasts. the extent of infection was similar in cell cultures passaged at spl ... | 1982 | 6286495 |
| extraction of cell-associated varicella-zoster virus dna with triton x-100-nacl. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna was extracted from infected cells with 0.25% triton x-100-0.2 m nacl and purified by isopycnic centrifugation in cscl. in each of eight experiments, 1.8-9.8 micrograms vzv dna was obtained from 107 infected cells. the vzv dna obtained by this procedure had a molecular weight of 88-100 x 106 as determined by sucrose gradient sedimentation and electron microscopy, and cleavage patterns after digestion with four restriction enzymes that corresponded to patterns prev ... | 1982 | 6286707 |
| antibody response to varicella-zoster virus after natural or vaccine-induced infection. | the development of serum and nasopharyngeal antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was studied in groups of children after naturally acquired varicella or after immunization with the oka strain of live attenuated vzv vaccine administered in varying doses via respiratory inhalation or subcutaneous injection. natural infection, subcutaneous immunization, and respiratory inhalation of large doses of vzv vaccine consistently resulted in the development of vzv-specific igg antibody respon ... | 1982 | 6286790 |
| serum amyloid a levels in patients with infections due to cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus. | | 1982 | 6286800 |
| the internal organization of the varicella-zoster virus genome. | dna was extracted from varicella-zoster (vz) virions prepared in sucrose gradients. thirty-eight molecules examined by electron microscopy were found to have a mean length of 46.7 micrometers. examination of self-annealed vzv dna molecules revealed that the virus genome was composed of a unique linear large sequence with a mol. wt. of 74.4 x 10(6) to 78.4 x 10(6), and a unique short sequence of mol. wt. approx. 9.8 x 10(6) flanked by inverted repeat sequences of 4.7 x 10(6) mol. wt. | 1982 | 6286856 |
| [experience with varicella zoster immunoglobulin in hungary]. | | 1982 | 6287381 |
| the effects of corticosteroids on the antigen presenting properties of human monocytes and endothelial cells. | | 1982 | 6288296 |
| experimental infection and immune response of guinea pigs with varicella-zoster virus. | an immune response (fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen) was detected in guinea pigs inoculated with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) adapted to guinea pig embryonic cells, including the oka vaccine strain, even when inoculation was by an external route, i.e., nasal or corneal. live or uv-inactivated virus having the same virus titer before irradiation was administered to guinea pigs by the corneal route, and antibody induction was detected only with live virus. the transmission of vzv from inf ... | 1982 | 6288560 |
| infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by varicella-zoster virus. | the infection of human peripheral blood leukocytes by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was studied using an infectious center assay, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. subsets of freshly isolated leukocytes were prepared, including granulocytes, mononuclear cells from ficoll-hypaque gradients, lymphocytes, and glass-adherent monocytes. when each of these populations was inoculated with vzv (moi = 0.1), there was no evidence of effective infection. however, when monocytes were cultu ... | 1982 | 6288616 |
| histocompatibility types and antiviral antibodies in a diverse group of individuals. | a study was made of the possible relationship between histocompatibility (hla) antigens of the a and b loci and antibodies to cytomegalovirus, influenza a (victoria strain), measles, rotavirus, vaccinia, and varicella/zoster. a large and diverse group of unselected individuals was studied. a possible relationship was detected between the presence of the antigen b15 and a lack of circulating measles antibodies. the study group was divided into three sections: (a) healthy individuals, (b) "renal d ... | 1982 | 6288632 |
| evaluation of the anticomplement immunofluorescence test for detection of antibody to varicella-zoster virus. | the anticomplement immunofluorescence (acif) test was compared with complement fixation and fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen procedures for the detection of antibody to varicella-zoster virus. all of 50 sera from pregnant women contained antibody measured by acif (titer, greater than or equal to 1:10); only 27 (54%) were positive by complement fixation (p less than 0.01). for 16 paired sera obtained before and after varicella-zoster virus infection and tested by acif and fluorescent anti ... | 1982 | 6288766 |
| potentiation of neutralization of varicella-zoster virus to antibody to immunoglobulin. | antibody to varicella-zoster virus was measured in vero cell cultures by a conventional and an enhanced plaque neutralization test. in the latter, heterologous antibody to human immunoglobulin was added to the virus-serum mixture to potentiate the neutralization reaction. the antibody to human immunoglobulin enhanced the sensitivity of the neutralization test seven- to 107-fold as compared with the conventional procedure. the test was highly reproducible in that individual serum titers fluctuate ... | 1982 | 6288808 |
| polypeptides of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and immunological relationship of vzv and herpes simplex virus (hsv). | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), labelled with [35s]methionine or [14c]glucosamine, was purified by centrifugation through sucrose gradients followed by equilibrium centrifugation in cscl, and analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). at least 32 polypeptides ranging in mol. wt. from approx. 280 x 10(3) to 21.5 x 10(3) (280k to 21.5k) and six glycopeptides ranging in mol. wt. from approx. 115k to 45k (gp1 to gp6) were found in the virion. the immunological relationship of vzv a ... | 1982 | 6288857 |
| virus particles and glycoprotein excreted from cultured cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv). | virus particles and virus proteins excreted from cultured human embryonic lung (hel) cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were examined by electron microscopy and affinity column chromatography using an antibody to vzv followed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). approximately 1 x 10(9) to 2 x 10(9) virus particles/ml with no detectable infectivity, of which 30 to 80% were enveloped, were observed in the culture fluid 48 to 72 h after infection, when cytopathic effe ... | 1982 | 6288858 |
| immunizations: current controversies. | | 1982 | 6288902 |
| an outbreak of airborne nosocomial varicella. | an outbreak of nosocomial varicella was traced to airborne spread from an immunocompromised child hospitalized from nov 11-19, 1980. seventy potentially susceptible children were hospitalized on the ward during that period. although the index patient remained in strict room isolation throughout his hospital stay, eight of these patients contracted varicella. the afternoon of november 12 was the period of highest risk for acquiring varicella. eight of 36 patients (22%) present that afternoon, com ... | 1982 | 6289235 |
| varicella zoster in hospital personnel: skin test reactivity to monitor susceptibility. | an outbreak of chickenpox, involving three patients and one nurse on a pediatric ward, necessitated rapid identification of susceptible employees in conjunction with standard epidemiologic intervention in order to prevent spread to other high-risk patients. of 46 hospital personnel 15 (33%) gave a negative or unknown history of prior disease. response to a varicella-zoster skin test was compared with antibody determination as measured by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen. correlation of t ... | 1982 | 6289236 |
| [investigations to demonstrate latent viral infection of varicella-zoster-virus in human spinal ganglia]. | | 1981 | 6289549 |
| a new nucleoside analog, 9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxyl]methyl]guanine, highly active in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a novel nucleoside analog, 9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-guanine (biolf-62), was found to have potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 at concentrations well below cytotoxic levels. for example, the patton strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 was susceptible at concentrations 140- to 2,900-fold below that which inhibited cell division by 50%, depending upon the cell line used for assay. different herpesvirus strains varied considerably in their susce ... | 1982 | 6289741 |
| application of a live varicella vaccine to hospitalized children and its follow-up study. | | 1982 | 6289798 |
| protective effect of immediate inoculation of a live varicella vaccine in household contacts in relation to the viral dose and interval between exposure and vaccination. | the protective effect on 45 household contacts of immediate inoculation of a live varicella vaccine was examined in relation to the viral dose and days after exposure to varicella. the viral doses used were 300 pfu to 15,000 pfu, and the intervals between exposure and vaccination were 0 to 5 days. all 30 contacts given viral doses of 800 to 15,000 pfu within 3 days after exposure were protected from clinical varicella. with lower viral doses of 300 to 600 pfu within 3 days after exposure, 6 to 1 ... | 1982 | 6289799 |
| enzymatic treatment of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens for detection of antigens of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster and human cytomegaloviruses. | attempts were made to detect antigens of herpes simplex (hs), varicella-zoster (vz) and human cytomegalo (cm) viruses in pathological preparations made by formalin fixation and paraffin embedding as well as in infected culture cells by means of enzymatic treatment followed by indirect immunofluorescent staining, and the following results were obtained. 1) specimens from autopsy cases, in which diagnosis was established by detection of viral antigens or virus isolation, showed specific antigens i ... | 1982 | 6290714 |
| specific cell-mediated immunity and infections with herpes viruses in cardiac transplant recipients. | immune responses and infections with herpes viruses were studied prospectively in 36 cardiac transplant recipients. specific lymphocyte transformation and interferon production in response to viral antigens, viral culture results, antibody levels, responses to phytohemagglutinin, and t-cell numbers were determined. responses to phytohemagglutinin and t-cell numbers were depressed for six to 12 weeks. cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 100 percent of seropositive patients and in 62 percent of ... | 1982 | 6291387 |
| zoster encephalitis. isolation of virus and measurement of varicella-zoster-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was isolated on two occasions from the cerebrospinal fluid of an elderly woman with encephalomyelitis complicating thoracic zoster. antibodies to zv-induced membrane antigen (fama) were present in cerebrospinal fluid in a titer of 1:64; serum antibodies were 64-fold higher. further evidence for local antibody production was derived from simultaneous measurements of immunoglobulin g and albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and calculation of a cerebrospinal fluid- ... | 1982 | 6291390 |
| epstein-barr virus in normal pregnant women. | acquired immune suppression accompanying normal pregnancy may be associated with reactivation of epstein-barr virus (ebv). pregnant women with reactivated ebv having anti-ea antibodies show high titers of antiviral capsid antigen (vca) geometric mean titers (gmt) of 522 versus 170 in those lacking anti-early antigen (ea). among twenty-seven seropositive women at parturition, 17 (63%) had generated antibody to ea, and all 27 (100%) demonstrated significant increases in antibody to vca (p less tha ... | 1982 | 6291416 |
| cns varicella-zoster vasculitis. | | 1982 | 6291496 |
| antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against varicella-zoster virus-infected targets. | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) against cryopreserved varicella-zoster virus-infected human foreskin fibroblasts was detected in a 51cr release assay. target cells, samples of seropositive or seronegative sera, and mononuclear cells obtained by ficoll-hypaque centrifugation of human peripheral blood were added to microtiter plate wells and allowed to incubate at 37 degrees c for 4 h. fibroblasts infected for 48 to 96 h were susceptible to adcc. effector cells from seropositi ... | 1982 | 6292106 |
| an investigation of the use of urease-antibody conjugates in enzyme immunoassays. | the development of urease (e.c.3.5.1.5) as a label for enzyme immunoassay (eia) procedures is described and the use of such conjugates illustrated with examples. urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia. the production of ammonia may be detected readily by a ph shift which we have found best indicated by the vivid colour change (yellow to purple) of bromocresol purple incorporated in the substrate solution. this enzyme-substrate system offers a number of important ad ... | 1982 | 6292306 |
| peripheral facial palsy and infections- findings and problems. | eighty-four patients of the cologne university ent clinic with a diagnosis of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (pep) were examined - both clinically and virologically. in addition, examinations were carried out on 33 further pfp-patients from different practising physicians (group b) where the clinical information, however, was much less detailed. in the ent clinical group (84 patients), there was a total of 12 recent virus infections (9 varicella zoster virus, 2 herpes simplex virus, 1 coxsac ... | 1982 | 6292678 |
| igm to varicella-zoster virus: demonstration in patients with and without clinical zoster. | antibody to varicella-zoster (vz) virus of the igm type was detected in sera from 50% of persons with clinical zoster, 67% of asymptomatic varicella immunes with a recent intimate exposure to vz virus and 22 to 40% of varicella immunes with no symptoms of zoster or known exposure to the virus. no vz igm was found in newborn sera or in sera from persons susceptible to varicella, demonstrating specificity of the va igm assay. since development of specific igm is associated with acute infection, th ... | 1982 | 6292875 |
| varicella-zoster virus fails to induce immunoglobulin g fc receptors in infected human cells. | | 1981 | 6292918 |
| [a rapid method for the determination of virus-specific igm antibodies]. | a newly developed ion exchange chromatography is reported; it is a simple and quick method to separate a highly purified igm fraction from blood serum. the immunofluorescence test was used to demonstrate that these fractions contain only virus-specific igm antibodies, but no demonstrable igg antibodies, which can often block the specific igm reactivity by competitive inhibition. the specificity of the reaction was tested on sera from 145 persons: the igm test was always positive in clinically pr ... | 1982 | 6293973 |
| chickenpox encephalitis and encephalopathy: evidence for differing pathogenesis. | retrospective assessment of hepatic and central nervous system involvement associated with chickenpox cases at a large metropolitan medical center reveals that 28 of 58 patients had biochemical, but not inflammatory, evidence of liver involvement. an additional 18 patients had biochemical liver abnormalities along with non-inflammatory encephalopathy (reye syndrome) and 12 had clear evidence of central nervous system inflammatory involvement (encephalitis). there were no cases of solitary inflam ... | 1982 | 6295009 |
| frequency and specificity of varicella zoster virus igm response. | a direct elisa was developed for determination of igm antibody to varicella zoster virus (vzv). with this sensitive method vzv igm antibodies were detected in all patients with a varicella and in 84% with a herpes zoster infection. all but one of 28 renal allograft recipients had previously had varicella. a primary infection was seen in the last patient, and reactivated infections in 11 of the others. the vzv igm response seems to be specific since patients with a herpes simplex virus (hsv) infe ... | 1982 | 6296180 |
| improved yields and assay of simian varicella virus, and a comparison of certain biological properties of simian and human varicella viruses. | studies were performed to define conditions under which propagation, assay and stabilization of the delta herpesvirus (dhv) strain of simian varicella virus might be improved, and to compare biological properties of dhv with those of human varicella zoster virus (vzv). a mycoplasma contaminant was successfully eliminated from the dhv seed virus by treatment with a specific anti-serum. dhv was found to replicate more efficiently in the bs-c-1 line of african green monkey kidney cells than in vero ... | 1982 | 6296181 |
| hotting-up the complement-fixation test. | a detailed investigation into the effect of modifying the incubation temperature of the complement-fixation (cf) test is described. for varicella-zoster virus cytomegalovirus and rubella virus, increasing the incubation temperature progressively increased the sensitivity of the cf test to reach a maximum at 15 degrees c, at which temperature the geometric mean titre of seropositive samples was significantly greater than that found at 4 degrees c. for these three viruses, each serum shown to cont ... | 1983 | 6296229 |
| interferon prophylaxis against simian varicella in erythrocebus patas monkeys. | erythrocebus patas monkeys were given placebo or human leukocyte interferon (5 x 10(5) units/kg of body weight per day im) for five days during an epizootic of simian varicella. during the 14 days beginning with the first day of treatment, the attack rate for simian varicella was 14.3% (two of 14) among interferon recipients compared to 70% (nine of 13) among placebo recipients (p less than 0.025). excluding animals with antibody to simian varicella when the study began, 18% (two) of 11 interfer ... | 1983 | 6296238 |
| zoster in children with cancer: radioimmune precipitation profiles of sera before and after illness. | sera collected from children with cancer before and for extended periods after the onset of zoster were analyzed by radioimmune precipitation techniques. the percent recovery of both [3h]fucose- and [35s]methionine-labeled varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-specific antigens increased severalfold immediately after zoster and declined slowly during convalescence; however, within two years serum panels from two patients exhibited serologic evidence of subclinical reactivation of vzv. after electrophoret ... | 1983 | 6296242 |
| intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal igg, iga and igm antibodies in a case of varicella-zoster meningoencephalitis. | varicella-zoster (vz) virus meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in a 72-year-old man without other clinical signs of vz infection, on the basis of intrathecal virus-specific igg, iga and igm antibody responses demonstrated by imprint immunofixation (iif) and by serological analyses of serum and csf. the intrathecally produced antibodies displayed oligoclonal characteristics. the intrathecal production of vz-igg and -iga antibodies persisted throughout the observation period of 20 months, while tha ... | 1982 | 6296323 |
| interview with philip a. brunell: contagion and varicella-zoster virus. | | 1982 | 6296801 |
| [application of enzyme-linked protein a to elisa for detection of virus specific antibodies]. | | 1982 | 6298319 |
| herpes zoster-associated encephalitis: clinicopathologic report of 12 cases and review of the literature. | herpes-zoster associated encephalitis (hzae) is an uncommon complication of herpes zoster. over 8 years, we evaluated 12 patients with this clinical diagnosis. the majority of our patients were elderly, immunosuppressed, and found to have disseminated skin lesions prior to the onset of cns symptoms. all patients had abnormal eegs, and csf pleocytosis was found in most. in the seven patients who were tested, specific antibody to the varicella-zoster membrane antigen (fama) was detected in spinal ... | 1983 | 6298562 |
| live attenuated varicella vaccine: the kmcc strain in healthy children. | the kmcc strain of live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine was studied in healthy children as a preliminary step toward varicella vaccine studies with this strain in children with leukemia. forty-three children were immunized: 26 with the 40th passage vaccine and 17 with the 50th passage. studies included surveillance for clinical reactivity, oropharyngeal excretion of vaccine virus, viruria, and viremia. antibody responses were assayed by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigens and im ... | 1983 | 6298698 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia. clinical, immunologic, and virologic findings. | a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia who was on a home infusion program with factor viii concentrates developed an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by a dramatic weight loss (47 kg over 12 months), lassitude, transient thrombocytopenia, and opportunistic infections with varicella zoster, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. the patient was not homosexual and had no history of intravenous drug abuse. immunologic studies showed a persistent lym ... | 1983 | 6299153 |
| the production of varicella zoster virus antiserum in laboratory animals. brief report. | hyperimmune anti-varicella zoster virus (vzv) antisera were prepared in balb/c mice, lewis rats and new zealand rabbits by subcutaneous inoculations of purified vz virions suspended in freund's adjuvant. vzv antibodies were demonstrated both by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). vzv could not be detected in organs of any inoculated animals by if or by cocultivation of tissue fragments from infected animals with human diploid fibroblasts. | 1982 | 6299237 |
| deoxythymidine kinases in varicella-zoster virus infected and biochemically transformed cells. | deoxythymidine kinase (tk) activity induced in varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected human embryonic fibroblast (hef) cells was immunologically distinguishable from that in non infected hef cells and also from that in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected hef cells. the tks in vzv-biochemically transformed cells were immunologically the same as that induced in vzv-infected human cells and immunologically different from that in ltk- cells or in hsv-biochemically transformed cells. one peak ... | 1982 | 6299267 |
| specific and non-specific b cell activation in measles and varicella. | lymphocytes from eight patients with measles and six patients with varicella were studied during the acute phase (first week) of illness and after recovery for spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-induced production of immunoglobulins (ig) and viral antibodies by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in both infections acute phase lymphocytes showed increased spontaneous in vitro igm and igg productions including igm and igg antibodies to the aetiological virus as well as igg antibodie ... | 1983 | 6299636 |
| the use of herpes virus induced dtk as a marker for serological and direct identification of herpes virus infection in man. | this report summarizes the essential features of a sensitive deoxythymidine kinase (dtk) assay, which can be used for the diagnosis of herpes virus infections. a type specific antibody response towards the different herpes virus dtk isozymes, the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1, type 2, and varicella zoster virus (vzv), was found in human sera. the occurrence of dtk antibody in relation to complement fixing (cf) antibody and the state of infection, was found to differ between hsv and vzv. the ... | 1982 | 6299830 |
| development of sensitive and enzyme-linked immunoassays for herpesvirus antigens and some applications. | sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassays for herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were developed. both a sandwich technique, using antiviral antibodies from two species to detect the antigen, and an inhibition assay where the sample antigen was incubated with one antiserum, could be used. around 4-50 ng of viral antigens (measured as protein content) could be detected. the elisa inhibition technique using type-specific antisera could differentiate betwee ... | 1982 | 6299833 |
| oka-sk-rit varicella vaccine for "primary" and for booster vaccinations. | in seronegative children--healthy and immunocompromised--and in seronegative adults, we have limited but very promising results--no side reactions and good antibody-conversions with clinical protection. because--in spite of positive humoral antibodies--10 to 20% of people over the age of 50 have a negative cell-mediated immune response against vz and are therefore presumed zoster patients, vz-booster vaccinations were done in this age group. a significant increase in humoral antibodies can be in ... | 1982 | 6299847 |
| [trial of a varicella vaccine in 100 high-risk children]. | | 1982 | 6299848 |
| clinical trial of live attenuated varicella vaccine in high risk susceptibles--a preliminary report. | | 1982 | 6299849 |
| monoclonal antibodies against three major glycoproteins of varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) codes for three prominent glycoproteins--gp62, gp98, and gp118--in infected cell cultures. to characterize individually these known immunogens, we first inoculated balb/c mice with crude vzv extracts, produced hybridoma cultures by köhler-milstein cell-fusion technology, and screened culture supernatants by indirect immunofluorescence for reactivity directed against unfixed vzv-infected cells (fama assay). supernatants from five independently derived and subcloned hy ... | 1983 | 6299963 |
| comparative efficacy of antiherpes drugs against various strains of varicella-zoster virus. | twenty antiherpes compounds were compared for their inhibitory activities against five laboratory strains and five clinical isolates of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in human embryo fibroblast cultures. e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (bvarau), e-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), and e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) were the most effective. the average values of the 50% inhibitory dose (id50) for vzv replication were 0.0013, 0.0015, and 0.0024 micrograms/ml, resp ... | 1983 | 6300257 |
| evaluation of humoral immunity to varicella-zoster virus by an enhanced neutralization test and by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test. | | 1983 | 6301406 |
| [determination of the period of infectiveness of chickenpox. attempts at isolating the varicella-zoster virus]. | | 1983 | 6301699 |