| genetic diversity of the class ii major histocompatibility dra locus in european, asiatic and african domestic donkeys. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes coding for antigen presenting molecules are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genome. the mhc class ii dra gene shows only small variation in many mammalian species, but it exhibits relatively high level of polymorphism in equidae, especially in donkeys. this extraordinary degree of polymorphism together with signatures of selection in specific amino acids sites makes the donkey dra gene a suitable model for population diversity studies. th ... | 2011 | 21515411 |
| monitoring of genetic diversity in the endangered martina franca donkey population. | the martina franca (mf) donkey, an ancient native breed of apulia, was mostly famous for mule production. the breed was at serious risk of extinction in the 1980s following the decrease in demand for draft animals because they were increasingly replaced by agricultural machinery. much has been done in the last few decades to safeguard the existing donkey breeds, but the situation remains critical. successful implementation of conservation measures includes an evaluation of the present degree of ... | 2011 | 21521813 |
| association of plasma aß peptides with blood pressure in the elderly. | aß peptides are often considered as catabolic by-products of the amyloid ß protein precursor (app), with unknown physiological functions. however, several biological properties have been tentatively attributed to these peptides, including a role in vasomotion. we assess whether plasma aß peptide levels might be associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (sbp and dbp, respectively). | 2011 | 21525986 |
| glutamate receptors in preclinical research on alzheimer's disease: update on recent advances. | the cognitive and related symptoms of alzheimer's disease are mainly attributable to synaptic failure. here we review recent research on how the alzheimer's disease amyloid ß-protein (aß) affects glutamate receptors and fast excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity of that transmission. l-glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, has long been implicated in causing nmda receptor-mediated excitotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration in the late stages of the disease. how ... | 2011 | 21536064 |
| synergy of the antiretroviral protease inhibitor indinavir and chloroquine against malaria parasites in vitro and in vivo. | many malaria-endemic areas are also associated with high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. an understanding of the chemotherapeutic interactions that occur during malaria and hiv co-infections is important. our previous studies have demonstrated that some antiretroviral protease inhibitors are effective in inhibiting plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro. currently, studies examining the interactions between antiretroviral protease inhibitors and antimalarial drugs are being ... | 2011 | 21537980 |
| c-terminal truncation of the transmembrane protein of an attenuated lentiviral vaccine alters its in vitro but not in vivo replication and weakens its potential pathogenicity. | preliminary studies revealed that the gene of the gp45 transmembrane protein (tm) of the attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) vaccine strain eiav(fddv13) had a high frequency of a premature stop codon at position 261w, which generated a 154-residue truncation at the c-terminus. eiav(fddv-tm36), a recombinant virus with the tm truncated at the intracytoplasmic (ct) domain due to the presence of a stop codon, was constructed based on eiav(fddv)3-8, which is a proviral derivative of the ... | 2011 | 21539871 |
| crystalline cr<sup>2+</sup>:znse/chalcogenide glass composites as active mid-ir materials. | we propose new transition metal (tm)-doped znse/as<sub>2</sub>s<sub>3</sub>:as<sub>2</sub>se<sub>3</sub> composite materials for mid-ir fiber lasers. the composites are the suspension of crystalline micro- and nanosized tm<sup>2+</sup>:znse or tm<sup>2+</sup>:zns powders in chalcogenide glasses with the refraction index matching. mid-ir room-temperature lasing of cr<sup>2+</sup>:znse/as<sub>2</sub>s<sub>3</sub>:as<sub>2</sub>se<sub>3</sub> microcomposite material is demonstrated at the 2.4 μm wa ... | 2011 | 21540917 |
| affiliative and aggressive behavior in a group of female somali wild ass (equus africanus somalicus). | we observed a group of three young female somali wild asses to develop an ethogram of social behavior in the first phase of a longer term study of social, sexual, and maternal/infant behavior. the most unexpected finding was the frequency and extent of aggressive interactions, which included charge, drive, neck wrestle, head butt, and body slam, behaviors previously reported only for males of other equid species. the overall frequency of aggressive behavior was higher than that of affiliative be ... | 2011 | 21541987 |
| expression and function of arginine-producing and consuming-enzymes in the kidney. | the kidney plays a key role in arginine metabolism. arginine production is controlled by argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl) which metabolize citrulline and aspartate to arginine and fumarate whereas arginine consumption is dependent on arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (gat), which mediates creatine and ornithine synthesis. histological and biochemical techniques have been used to study the distribution and activity of these enzymes in anatomically dissected s ... | 2011 | 21567240 |
| prevalence of strongyles and efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin in working horses in el sauce, nicaragua. | horses, mules and donkeys are indispensable farming and working animals in many developing countries, and their health status is important to the farmers. strongyle parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses world-wide and are known to constitute a threat to equine health. this study determined the prevalence of strongyle infection, the efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole treatment, and strongyle re-infection rates of working horses during the dry months in nicaragua. one hundred and five ho ... | 2011 | 21570188 |
| pulmonary angiocentric lymphoma (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a donkey. | a 36-year-old donkey developed dyspnoea, pyrexia, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. following continued clinical deterioration the donkey was humanely destroyed. grossly, there were numerous nodules (5-10mm) scattered throughout the lung. microscopically, the lung was infiltrated by an angiocentric and bronchocentric to diffuse mixed population of small mature and atypical lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and fewer eosinophils. the infiltrate was composed of numerous small mature and fewer atyp ... | 2011 | 21571299 |
| tris[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine. | in the title compound, c(21)h(21)ass(3), the three benzene rings make dihedral angles of 88.41 (10), 87.75 (9) and 74.74 (10)° with each other. the methyl-sulfanyl groups are roughly coplanar with their attached benzene rings [c-s-c-c torsion angles = -7.6 (2), 11.2 (2) and 4.1 (2)°]. in the crystal, weak c-h⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules. | 2010 | 21588406 |
| undeca-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfanyl)-phen-yl]arsine-1κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0). | the crystal structure of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [ru(3)(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(co)(11)], confirms that during the synthesis one equatorial carbonyl ligand is substituted by a monodentate arsine ligand, leaving one equatorial and two axial carbonyl substituents on an ru atom. the other two ru atoms each carry two equatorial and two axial carbonyl ligands. the three arsine-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 77.94 (13), 86.37 (13) and 73.22 (12)° with each other. two of ... | 2010 | 21588476 |
| bis([μ-bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)methane-1:2κp:p']nona-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine-3κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0)) dichloro-methane monosolvate. | the asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, 2[ru(3)(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(c(25)h(22)p(2))(co)(9)]·ch(2)cl(2), consists of one triangulo-triruthenium complex mol-ecule and one half of a dichloro-methane mol-ecule which lies across a crystallographic inversion center, leading to the disorder of this mol-ecule over two positions of equal occupancy. the bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)methane ligand bridges an ru-ru bond and the monodentate arsine ligand bonds to the third ru atom. both th ... | 2010 | 21588546 |
| bis([μ-bis-(diphenyl-arsino)methane-1:2κas:as']nona-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine-3κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0)) dichloro-methane monosolvate. | the asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, 2[ru(3)(c(25)h(22)as(2))(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(co)(9)]·ch(2)cl(2), consists of one triangulo-triruthenium complex mol-ecule and one half of a dichloro-methane mol-ecule which lies across a crystallographic inversion center, leading to the disorder of this mol-ecule over two positions of equal occupancy. the bis-(diphenyl-arsino)methane ligand bridges an ru-ru bond and the monodentate arsine ligand bonds to the third ru atom. all arsin ... | 2010 | 21588547 |
| seminal parameters and field fertility of cryopreserved donkey jack semen after insemination of horse mares. | as mule production is often concentrated in remote areas of the world, a simplified semen cryopreservation protocol is required. | 2011 | 21592212 |
| comparative study on 15-ketodihydro-pgf(2α) plasma concentrations in newborn horses, donkeys and calves. | the aim of this study was to compare the plasma profiles of 15-ketodihydro-pgf(2α) (pgm) in healthy neonates of three different species from birth until the third week of life. twenty-four horse foals, 12 donkey foals, and 9 calves were studied. blood samples were collected at 10, 20 and 30 min after birth, at 3, 24 and 72 h after birth, and at 7, 10, 17 and 21 days of life. all mothers experienced normal gestation lengths and normal, spontaneous deliveries. all newborns were judged mature and v ... | 2011 | 21599765 |
| in vitro maturation and artificial activation of donkey oocytes. | three media were evaluated for their ability to support in vitro maturation of donkey (equus asinus) oocytes and their development after parthenogenetic activation. the basal medium for medium 1 (m1) and medium 2 (m2) was m199 and dmem/f12 respectively, whereas, medium 3 (m3) consisted of equal parts (v/v) of m199 and dmem/f12. all three media were supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, 0.01 units/ml porcine fsh, 0.01 units/ml equine lh, 200 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1(igf-i), 10 μ ... | 2011 | 21601263 |
| ammonia control in children with urea cycle disorders (ucds); phase 2 comparison of sodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate. | twenty four hour ammonia profiles and correlates of drug effect were examined in a phase 2 comparison of sodium phenylbutyrate (napba) and glycerol phenylbutyrate (gpb or hpn-100), an investigational drug being developed for urea cycle disorders (ucds). study design: protocol hpn-100-005 involved open label fixed-sequence switch-over from the prescribed napba dose to a pba-equimolar gpb dose with controlled diet. after 7days on napba or gpb, subjects underwent 24-hour blood sampling for ammonia ... | 2011 | 21612962 |
| genereviews | the urea cycle disorders (ucd) result from defects in the metabolism of waste nitrogen from the breakdown of protein and other nitrogen-containing molecules. severe deficiency or total absence of activity of any of the first four enzymes (cps1, otc, ass, asl) in the urea cycle or the cofactor producer (nags) results in the accumulation of ammonia and other precursor metabolites during the first few days of life. infants with a severe urea cycle disorder are normal at birth but rapidly develop ce ... | 1993 | 20301396 |
| genereviews | citrullinemia type i (ctln1) presents as a clinical spectrum that includes an acute neonatal form (the "classic" form), a milder late-onset form, a form without symptoms or hyperammonemia, and a form in which women have onset of severe symptoms during pregnancy or post partum. distinction between the clinical forms is based on clinical findings and is not clear-cut. infants with the acute neonatal form appear normal at birth. shortly thereafter, they develop hyperammonemia and become progressive ... | 1993 | 20301631 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (1). it is characterized pathologically by neuronal loss with the presence in the brain of senile plaques of β-amyloid (aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (2, 3). accelerated deposition of aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with ad. early diagnosis ... | 2004 | 20641416 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (1). it is characterized pathologically by neuronal loss with the presence in the brain of senile plaques of β-amyloid (aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (2, 3). accelerated deposition of aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with ad. early diagnosis ... | 2004 | 20641606 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (1). it is characterized by the presence in the brain of senile plaques of β-amyloid (aβ) peptides with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (2, 3). accelerated deposition of aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with ad, and although the mechanisms of the disease are s ... | 2004 | 20641673 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive impairment and an irreversible decline of mental functions (1, 2). it is characterized by presence in the brain of senile plaques of β-amyloid (aβ) peptides with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (3, 4). accelerated deposition of aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with ad, and although the mechanisms of the disease are still ... | 2004 | 20641729 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (1, 2). it is characterized by the presence, in the brain, of senile plaques of β-amyloid (aβ) peptides with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments containing the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (3, 4). accelerated deposition of aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with ad, and although the mechanisms of the disease ar ... | 2004 | 20641872 |
| combined lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta-35 and argininosuccinate synthetase expression predicts clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. | the newly-identified lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta-35 (laptm4b-35) plays important roles in tumor progression and metastasis, while argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) provides arginine as an indispensable nutrient for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the present study investigated the clinical significance of the coexpression of laptm4b-35 and ass in hcc patients on determining the prognosis. | 2011 | 21626328 |
| sildenafil restores cognitive function without affecting aß burden in an alzheimer's disease mouse model. | background and purpose: phosphodiesterase (pdes) 5 inhibitors regulate signaling pathways by elevating cgmp, which is a second messenger involved in processes of neuroplasticity. in the present study, the effect of the administration of the pde 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on the pathological hallmarks of the alzheimer's disease and on memory-related behavior were investigated. experimental approach: sildenafil was administered to the tg2576 transgenic mouse model of alzheimer's disease and to age-m ... | 2011 | 21627640 |
| ass(2)cl-an arsenic(v) compound? formation, stability and structure of gaseous asscl and ass(2)cl-a combined experimental and theoretical study. | by reaction of solid as(4)s(4) with gaseous cl(2) at a temperature of 410 k gaseous asscl and ass(2)cl are formed. unexpectedly in ass(2)cl the arsenic is not of formal oxidation state +v but +iii: the molecular structure of ass(2)cl is arranged as a 1-chloro-dithia-arsirane and comprises an hitherto unknown ass(2) three-membered ring. thermodynamic data on asscl and ass(2)cl are obtained by mass spectrometry (ms). the experimental data are extended and confirmed by ab initio quantum chemical ca ... | 2011 | 21629882 |
| radiological anatomy of the donkey's foot: objective characterisation of the normal and laminitic donkey foot. | reasons for performing study: anatomical change within a laminitic foot is of diagnostic and prognostic importance. a lateromedial radiograph represents the current 'gold standard' by which these changes are identified. detection of anatomical change is dependent upon a priori knowledge of normality and subjective assessment alone may not identify modest change. normal baseline data is, therefore, needed against which objective comparisons can be made. there is little information regarding the r ... | 2011 | 21631583 |
| the role of working equines to livelihoods in current day campesino hill-slope communities in central mexico. | small-holder campesino agriculture is based on the diversified use of resources and off-farm work. working equines have a multifunctional character and sustain the diversification of livelihoods having different values as assets or providing services. the objective was to identify the role of working equines in current diversification strategies in the livelihoods of campesino families in a hill-slope community in central mexico within livelihoods analysis. thirty-one variables related to owners ... | 2011 | 21637993 |
| poppea's bath liquor: the secret proteome of she-donkey's milk. | donkey's milk is today categorized among the best mother's milk substitute for allergic newborns, due to its much reduced or absent allergenicity, coupled to excellent palatability and nutritional value. however, up to the present, only a handful of proteins had been characterized, just about the standard eight to ten major ones known in all types of milk. by exploiting the combinatorial peptide ligand library technology, and treating large volumes (up to 300ml) of defatted, de-caseinized (whey) ... | 2011 | 21645650 |
| alternative stable states and phase shifts in coral reefs under anthropogenic stress. | ecosystems with alternative stable states (ass) may shift discontinuously from one stable state to another as environmental parameters cross a threshold. reversal can then be difficult due to hysteresis effects. this contrasts with continuous state changes in response to changing environmental parameters, which are less difficult to reverse. worldwide degradation of coral reefs, involving "phase shifts" from coral to algal dominance, highlights the pressing need to determine the likelihood of di ... | 2011 | 21661558 |
| stability of behavioral estimates of activity-dependent modulation of pain. | temporal sensory summation of pain (tssp) is a proxy measure of windup in humans and results in increased ratings of pain caused by a repetitive, low-frequency noxious stimulus. aftersensations (ass) are pain sensations that remain after tssp has been induced. we examined the within-session and across-session variability in tssp and as estimation in healthy participants and in participants with exercise-induced muscle pain in order to determine whether the presence of pain affected the stability ... | 2011 | 21811390 |
| a gene catalogue of the euchromatic male-specific region of the horse y chromosome: comparison with human and other mammals. | studies of the y chromosome in primates, rodents and carnivores provide compelling evidence that the male specific region of y (msy) contains functional genes, many of which have specialized roles in spermatogenesis and male-fertility. little similarity, however, has been found between the gene content and sequence of msy in different species. this hinders the discovery of species-specific male fertility genes and limits our understanding about msy evolution in mammals. here, a detailed msy gene ... | 2011 | 21799735 |
| successful treatment of equine sarcoids with cisplatin electrochemotherapy: a retrospective study of 48 cases. | reasons for performing study: sarcoids are the commonest form of equine skin tumour. several therapeutic measures have been described but none is considered to be universally effective. electrochemotherapy (ect) is a new anticancer therapy that utilises electrical field pulses to induce increased cell membrane permeability to antitumour hydrophilic drugs, such as cisplatin. the increased intracellular concentration of the drugs has a significant therapeutic benefit. the procedure has not been pr ... | 2011 | 21793876 |
| pharmacogenetics of escitalopram and mental adaptation to cancer in palliative care: report of 18 cases. | aims and background. in palliative care, few data are available on the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders and of difficulties of mental adaptation to cancer for patients in the advanced phases of the disease. ssri antidepressants are the treatment of choice; the 5-httlpr genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (sert) has been shown in psychiatry to significantly determine the therapeutic response and the incidence of adverse effects. the aim of the present investigation has been ... | 2011 | 21789016 |
| detection of cow milk in donkey milk by chemometric procedures on triacylglycerol stereospecific analysis results. | stereospecific analysis is an important tool for the characterization of lipid fraction of food matrices, and also of milk samples. the results of a chemical-enzymatic-chromatographic analytical method were elaborated by chemometric procedures such as linear discriminant analysis (lda) and artificial neural network (ann). according to the total composition and intrapositional fatty acid distribution in the triacylglycerol (tag) backbone, the obtained results were able to characterize pure milk s ... | 2011 | 21774859 |
| chromosomal assignment of six genes (eif4g3, hsp90, rbbp6, il8, tert, and terc) in four species of the genus equus. | we mapped six genes (eif4g3, hsp90, rbbp6, il8, tert, and terc) on the chromosomes of equus caballus, equus asinus, equus grevyi, and equus burchelli by fluorescence in situ hybridization. our results add six type i markers to the cytogenetic map of these species and provide new information on the comparative genomics of the genus equus. | 2011 | 21774619 |
| nandrolone and stanozolol induce leydig cell tumor proliferation through an estrogen-dependent mechanism involving igf-i system. | several substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (aas), peptide hormones like insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), aromatase inhibitors and estrogen antagonists are offered via the internet, and are assumed without considering the potential deleterious effects that can be caused by their administration. in this study we aimed to determine if nandrolone and stanozolol, two commonly used aas, could have an effect on leydig cell tumor proliferation and if their effects could be potentiated ... | 2011 | 21769864 |
| aldosterone induces electrical remodeling independent of hypertension. | background: treatment of heart failure patients with aldosterone antagonists has been shown to reduce the occurrence of sudden cardiac death. therefore we aimed at determining the consequences of chronic exposure to aldosterone and the aldosterone antagonists eplerenone and spironolactone on the electrophysiological properties of the heart in a rat model. methods and results: male wistar rats were chronically treated (4weeks) with aldosterone (ald) via an osmotic minipump. spironolactone (spi) o ... | 2011 | 21764470 |
| unexpected stable dimerisation of an anionic imidopyrrolecarboxylate in polar solution. | the imidopyrrolecarboxylate 3(-) unexpectedly forms stable dimers (k(ass) = 130 m(-1) in chcl(3)/dmso, 1?:?1, v/v) despite the fact that two anions have to interact. the dimer is more stable than an analogous neutral amidopyrrolecarboxylic acid dimer (k(ass) < 10 m(-1)) underlining the importance of charged h-bonds compared to neutral ones. | 2011 | 21761036 |
| polymorphic organization of constitutive heterochromatin in equus asinus (2n = 62) chromosome 1. | in the karyotype of equus asinus (domestic donkey, 2n = 62), non-centromeric heterochromatic bands have been described in subcentromeric and telomeric positions. in particular, chromosome 1 is characterised by heterochromatic bands in the proximal region of the long arm and in the short arm; it has been shown that these regions are polymorphic in size. here we investigated the variation in the intensity and distribution of fluorescence signals observed on donkey chromosome 1 after in situ hybrid ... | 2011 | 21756256 |
| serum metal ion levels after rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty: comparison between a standard device and a megaprosthesis. | purpose: the effects of systemic metal ion exposure in patients with implants made of common prosthetic alloys continue to be a matter of concern. the aim of the study was to determine the measurement values of cobalt (co), chromium (cr) and molybdenum (mo) in serum following rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty. methods: blood was taken from 25 patients [mean follow-up 35 (range nine to 67) months] treated with megaprostheses (n=17) or standard rotating-hinge devices (n=8) and analysed using electr ... | 2011 | 21755331 |
| innovative zoning to support equine influenza eradication from new south wales, australia. | following detection of equine influenza (ei) in new south wales, a complete standstill was imposed the next morning on the movement of all horses and donkeys within the state. premises' biosecurity guidelines became progressively more stringent with time in an effort to stop local spread. the standstill was highly effective as a primary response to stop ei becoming widespread across australia, but did not prevent spread to properties contiguous to infected premises in areas of high horse density ... | 2011 | 21711306 |
| vertebral artery injuries following cervical spine trauma: a prospective observational study. | purpose: the purpose of this study was to report on the incidence, diagnosis and clinical manifestation of vai following cervical spine injuries observed in a prospective observational study with a standardized clinical and radiographical protocol. methods: during a 16-year period, 69 (mean age: 43-á-¦-á20.7-áyears; 25 female, 44 male) of 599 patients had cervical spine injury suspicious for vai due to facet luxation and/or fractures extending into the transverse foramen. diagnosis and managemen ... | 2011 | 21717238 |
| surveillance programme for important equine infectious respiratory pathogens in the usa. | the prevalence and epidemiology of important viral (equine influenza virus [eiv], equine herpesvirus type 1 [ehv-1] and ehv-4) and bacterial (streptococcus equi subspecies equi) respiratory pathogens shed by horses presented to equine veterinarians with upper respiratory tract signs and/or acute febrile neurological disease were studied. veterinarians from throughout the usa were enrolled in a surveillance programme and were asked to collect blood and nasal secretions from equine cases with acut ... | 2011 | 21676986 |
| cascaded raman shifting of high-peak-power nanosecond pulses in asôéésôéâ and asôééseôéâ optical fibers. | we report efficient cascaded raman scattering of near-ir nanosecond pulses in large-core (65 ++m diameter) asôéésôéâ and asôééseôéâ optical fibers. raman scattering dominates other spectral broadening mechanisms, such as four-wave mixing, modulation instability, and soliton dynamics, because the fibers have large normal group-velocity dispersion in the spectral range of interest. with ~2 ns pump pulses at a wavelength of 1.9 ++m, four stokes peaks, all with peak powers greater than 1 kw, have be ... | 2011 | 21686017 |
| mitochondrial genome sequence of the tibetan wild ass (equus kiang). | the tibetan wild ass, or kiang (equus kiang) is endemic to the cold and hypoxic (4000-7000-ám above sea level) climates of the montane and alpine grasslands of the tibetan plateau. we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the e. kiang mitochondrial genome. our results show that e. kiang mitochondrial dna is 16,634-ábp long, and predicted to encode all the 37 genes that are typical for vertebrates. | 2011 | 21732718 |
| activation of pkr causes amyloid ß-peptide accumulation via de-repression of bace1 expression. | bace1 is a key enzyme involved in the production of amyloid ß-peptide (aß) in alzheimer's disease (ad) brains. normally, its expression is constitutively inhibited due to the presence of the 5'untranslated region (5'utr) in the bace1 promoter. bace1 expression is activated by phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eif)2-alpha, which reverses the inhibitory effect exerted by bace1 5'utr. there are four kinases associated with different types of stress that could phosphorylate eif2 ... | 2011 | 21738672 |
| african horse sickness in the gambia: circulation of a live-attenuated vaccine-derived strain. | summaryafrican horse sickness virus serotype 9 (ahsv-9) has been known for some time to be circulating amongst equids in west africa without causing any clinical disease in indigenous horse populations. whether this is due to local breeds of horses being resistant to disease or whether the ahsv-9 strains circulating are avirulent is currently unknown. this study shows that the majority (96%) of horses and donkeys sampled across the gambia were seropositive for ahs, despite most being unvaccinate ... | 2011 | 21733265 |
| human scca serpins inhibit staphylococcal cysteine proteases by forming classic "serpin-like" covalent complexes. | proteolytic enzymes secreted by staphylococcus aureus are considered important virulence factors. here, we present data showing that staphylococci-derived cysteine proteases (staphopains) are efficiently inhibited by squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (scca1), a serpin abundant on the epithelial surfaces. the high association rate constant (k(ass)) for inhibitory complex formation (1.9 +ù 10ôü¦ and 5.8 +ù10ôü¦ môü+-¦ sôü+-¦ for staphopain a and staphopain b interaction with scca1, respectively) a ... | 2011 | 21683261 |
| adventitious sounds identification and extraction using temporal-spectral dominance based features. | respiratory sound (rs) signals carry significant information about the underlying functioning of the pulmonary system by the presence of adventitious sounds (ass). although many studies have addressed the problem of pathological rs classification, only a limited number of scientific works have focused in the analysis of the evolution of symptom related signal components in joint time-frequency (tf) plane. this paper proposes a new signal identification and extraction method for various ass based ... | 2011 | 21712152 |
| coagulation profiles of healthy andalusian donkeys are different than those of healthy horses. | coagulation disorders are frequently diagnosed, especially in hospitalized equidae, and result in increased morbidity and mortality. however, hemostatic reference intervals have not been established for donkeys yet. | 2011 | 21736621 |
| space availability influence laterality in donkeys (equus asinus). | cerebral lateralization is the portioning of the cognitive functions between the two cerebral hemispheres. several factors, like embryological manipulations, light exposure, health conditions, sex and age can influence the left-right brain asymmetries and contribute to increasing the variability in the strength and direction of laterality within most species. we investigated the influence of an environmental constraint, namely space availability, as a new source of variation on laterality in an ... | 2011 | 21741459 |
| the relationship of arginine deprivation, argininosuccinate synthetase and cell death in melanoma. | it has been shown that melanoma cells do not express argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and therefore are unable to synthesize arginine from citrulline. depleting arginine using pegylated arginine deiminase (adi-peg20) results in cell death in melanoma but not normal cells. this concept was translated into clinical trial and responses were seen. however, induction of ass expression does occur which results in resistance to adi-peg20. we have used 4 melanoma cell lines to study factors which may ... | 2007 | 21901069 |
| dominant structural factors for complexation and denaturation of proteins using carboxylic acid receptors. | complexation accompanied by denaturation of protein with synthetic carboxylic acid receptors was investigated, to evaluate the key factors for recognition of proteins. the synthetic receptors used were tetraphenylporphyrin (tpp) derivatives and receptors bearing multiple (2-8) carboxylic acid groups. the complexation behavior was quantified from the absorption in the far uv cd spectrum attributed to the secondary structure of the protein. tpp derivatives bearing multiple carboxylic acid groups i ... | 2012 | 22123118 |
| specificity and selectivity profile of ep217609: a new, neutralizable, dual-action anticoagulant that targets thrombin and factor xa. | abstract: ep217609 is a new dual-action parenteral anticoagulant that combines an indirect factor xa inhibitor (fondaparinux analogue) and a direct thrombin inhibitor (α-napap analogue) in a single molecule together with a biotin tag to allow avidin neutralization. ep217609 exhibits an unprecedented pharmacologic profile in showing high bioavailability, long plasma half-life and potent antithrombotic activity in animals without the complications of thrombin rebound. here we report the exceptiona ... | 2011 | 22144183 |
| Large platelet aggregates in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreas and peripancreatic region: A clue for the diagnosis of intrapancreatic or accessory spleen. | Intrapancreatic and intraabdominal accessory spleens (IPIASs) are rarely encountered in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsies. However, as incidentally discovered IPIAS can mimic a benign or malignant pancreatic neoplasm on imaging studies, a definitive diagnosis made by EUS-FNA can avert an unnecessary surgical intervention or additional radiologic follow-up. We report five cases of intrapancreatic splenules and one case of accessory spleen (AS) in which a defin ... | 2011 | 22045629 |
| Co-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase and Treponema denticola cysteine desulfhydrase for enhanced arsenic accumulation. | Arsenic is one of the most hazardous pollutants found in aqueous environments and has been shown to be a carcinogen. Phytochelatins (PCs), which are cysteine-rich and thio-reactive peptides, have high binding affinities for various metals including arsenic. Previously, we demonstrated that genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin synthase (AtPCS) produced PCs and accumulated arsenic. In an effort to further improve the overall accumulation of arsenic, cyst ... | 2012 | 21915851 |
| ultrasonographic features of the mule embryo, fetus and fetal-placental unit. | the aim of this study was to establish baseline ultrasound data concerning the mule conceptus during gestation. ten multiparous trotter mares were artificially inseminated with chilled semen from an amiatino jack donkey. daily transrectal ultrasonography was carried out from the day of ovulation until day 50 of gestation to determine the following: first detection of the embryonic vesicle (ev), mobility phase, ev diameter, day of ev fixation, changes in ev shape, date of yolk sac regression and ... | 2011 | 21958639 |
| Nutritional Stress and Arginine Auxotrophy Confer High Sensitivity to Chloroquine Toxicity in Mesothelioma Cells. | The correlation between cells' sensitivity to autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and the expression/activity of molecules involved in the control and execution of autophagy is well documented. However, tumor cells with comparable autophagic potentials may display variable degrees of autophagy addiction due to the differential expression of molecular determinants still scarcely defined. In this study we investigated the effects of CQ on growth, death and autophagic activity of malignan ... | 2011 | 22074703 |
| sources and leaching of manganese and iron in the saigon river basin, vietnam. | high concentrations of manganese and iron in the saigon river are major problems for the water supply in ho chi minh city (hcmc), viet nam. to identify their sources and leaching processes, we surveyed water quality along the saigon river and ran batch leaching tests using soil and sediment samples. two important leaching processes were identified: acidic leaching from acid sulfate soil (ass) in the middle reaches of the river, and mn dissolution and fe reduction from sediments in the downstream ... | 2011 | 21977643 |
| differentiation of raw meat from phylogenically related species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a method, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), has been developed for differentiating raw meat from closely related species of economic importance. by visual assessment 0·1% donkey in horse, 0·1% goat in sheep and 1% buffalo in beef may be detected. the technique is rapid and simple to perform and could be used in abattoirs and coldstores with results being available within 1 h. | 1985 | 22054500 |
| [kawasaki disease in children and adolescents]. | kawasaki disease (kd) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. the diagnostic criteria are fulfilled with fever of unknown origin and 4 of the following 5 criteria: bilateral conjunctival injection, cervical lymphadenopathy, polymorphous rash, oral mucous membrane changes (injected lips, strawberry tongue) and peripheral extremity changes (erythema, edema, desquamation). if less than 4 criteria are found incomplete kd can be diagnosed. the therapy is 2 g/kg body weight single dose intraveno ... | 2011 | 22139203 |
| Overexpression of histidine-rich calcium binding protein in equine ventricular myocardium. | Histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC) is a high capacity, low affinity Ca(2+) binding protein, specifically expressed in striated muscles of mammals. In rabbit skeletal and cardiac muscles, HRC binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes via triadin, a junctional SR protein. Recently, a potential role in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis has been assigned to HRC due to its activity as regulator of SR Ca(2+) uptake and Ca(2+) release. HRC might play a particularly relevant role in the ... | 2011 | 22040806 |
| Toxicity of essential and non-essential oils against the chewing louse, Bovicola (Werneckiella) ocellatus. | The toxicity of six plant essential oils to the chewing louse, Bovicola (Werneckiella) ocellatus collected from donkeys, was examined in laboratory bioassays. The oils examined were: tea-tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), peppermint (Mentha piperita), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiere), clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) and camphor (Cinnamomum camphora). All except camphor oil showed high levels of toxicity, with significant dose-dependent mortality and ... | 2011 | 22177577 |
| pcr assay for the identification of animal species in cooked sausages. | a species-specific pcr assay was developed for the detection of low levels of pork, horse and donkey meat in cooked sausages. oligonucleotid primers were designed for amplification of species-specific mitochondrial dna sequences of each species and detected the presence of 0.01ng of template dna in water. when applying the assay to dna extracts from sausages samples that were prepared from binary meat mixtures, it was possible to detect each species when spiked in any other species at the 0.1% l ... | 2007 | 22061954 |
| synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of copper and silver complexes based on acetylsalicylic acid. | metalcarbonyl complexes with ligands derived from acetylsalicylic acid demonstrated high cytotoxic potential against various tumor cell lines and strong inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes cox-1 and 2. in this study we tried to achieve comparable effects with [alkyne]silver or copper trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes which are more hydrophilic then the uncharged metalcarbonyl derivatives. all compounds were evaluated for growth inhibition against breast (mcf-7, mda-mb 231) and colon cance ... | 2011 | 21984018 |
| effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary sensory cortex on somatosensory perception. | transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is able to modify cortical excitability and activity in humans. | 2011 | 22032740 |
| PARTIAL DELETION OF ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE PROTECTS FROM PYRAZOLE PLUS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED LIVER INJURY BY DECREASING NITROSATIVE STRESS. | Background & Aim: Argininosuccinate synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle. Along with nitric oxide synthase-2, argininosuccinate synthase endows cells with the L-citrulline/nitric oxide salvage pathway to continually supply L-arginine from L-citrulline for sustained nitric oxide generation. Because of the relevant role of nitric oxide synthase-2 in liver injury, we hypothesized that down-regulation of argininosuccinate synthase could decrease the availability of intracellular su ... | 2011 | 22052013 |
| short-term and long-term outcome of anti-jo1-positive patients with anti-ro52 antibody. | objectives: the aims of the present study were to (1) assess clinical features and long-term outcome in anti-jo1-positive patients with anti-ro52 antibody; (2) compare characteristics of anti-jo1-positive patients with and without anti-ro52 antibody; and (3) compare features of anti-ro52-positive patients with and without anti-jo1 antibody. methods: the medical records of 89 consecutive anti-jo1-positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome (ass) were reviewed; 36 of these patients had coexiste ... | 2011 | 22078416 |
| mri apparent diffusion coefficient reflects histopathologic subtype, axonal disruption, and tumor fraction in diffuse-type grade ii gliomas. | the apparent diffusion coefficient (adc) determined from mr diffusion tensor imaging (dti) has shown promise for distinguishing world health organization grade ii astrocytoma (as) from the more prognostically favorable grade ii oligodendroglioma (od). since mixed oligoastrocytomas (oas) with codeletions in chromosomes 1p and 19q confer prognoses similar to those of od, we questioned whether a previously determined adc-based criterion for distinguishing od and as would hold on an independent set ... | 2011 | 21865401 |
| arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced chronic kidney disease in the rat. | background/aims: reduced renal l-arginine (l-arg) synthesis/transport, induction of arginases and increased endogenous nos inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (adma) will inhibit no production. this study investigated pathways of l-arg synthesis/uptake/utilization, adma degradation and oxidant/antioxidants in puromycin aminonucleoside (pan) chronic kidney disease (ckd). methods: rats were given low- (ld) or high-dose (hd) pan and followed for 11 weeks for proteinuria. bp was measured and bloo ... | 2011 | 22179117 |
| xuhuai goat h-fabp gene clone, subcellular localization of expression products and the preparation of transgenic mice. | the aim of this study was to clone the heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-fabp) gene of xuhuai goat, to explore it bioinformatically, and analyze the subcellular localization using enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the results showed that the coding sequence (cds) length of xuhuai goat h-fabp gene was 402 bp, encoding 133 amino acids (genbank accession number ay466498.1). the h-fabp cdna coding sequence was compared with the corresponding region of human, chicken, brown rat, cow, ... | 2011 | 22149926 |
| tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (d609) mechanism of actions: a mini-review of literature. | tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (d609) is known for its antiviral and antitumor properties. d609 actions are widely attributed to inhibiting phosphatidylcholine (pc)-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc). d609 also inhibits sphingomyelin synthase (sms). pc-plc and/or sms inhibition will affect lipid second messengers 1,2-diacylglycerol (dag) and/or ceramide. evidence indicates either pc-plc and/or sms inhibition affected the cell cycle and arrested proliferation, and stimulated differentiation in va ... | 2011 | 22101393 |
| potential risk of zoonotic transmission from young swine to human: seroepidemiological and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus in human and various animals in beijing, china. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the prevalence of infection and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) among different species of animals, people whose works are related to pigs and the general population in the suburb of beijing, china. serum and faecal samples were collected from 10 animal species and humans. anti-hev was detected by enzyme immunoassays (eia); hev rna was amplified by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method. pcr products were clone ... | 2011 | 21914080 |
| occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in eastern chad: analysis of hepatitis e virus, hepatitis a virus and human adenovirus in water sources. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of water-borne acute hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. in 2004 an outbreak of hev infection affected around 2,000 people in eastern chad (dar sila). this paper describes the decrease in the incidence of acute jaundice syndrome (ajs) from 2004 until 2009 when a mean incidence of 0.48 cases/1,000 people/year was recorded in the region. outbreaks of ajs were identified in some of the camps in 2007 and 2008. moreover, water samples from drinking water ... | 2011 | 21976198 |
| stable overexpression of arginase i and ornithine transcarbamylase in hepg2 cells improves its ammonia detoxification. | hepg2 is an immortalized human hepatoma cell line that has been used for research into bioartificial liver systems. however, a low level of ammonia detoxification is its biggest drawback. in this work, a recombinant hepg2 cell line with stable overexpression of human arginase i (hargi) and human ornithine transcarbamylase (hotc), hepg2/(hargi + hotc)4, was developed using a eukaryotic dual gene expression vector pbudce4.1. □ the hargi and hotc enzymatic activity in hepg2/(hargi + hotc)4 cells we ... | 2011 | 21938740 |
| centromere repositioning in mammals. | the evolutionary history of chromosomes can be tracked by the comparative hybridization of large panels of bacterial artificial chromosome clones. this approach has disclosed an unprecedented phenomenon: 'centromere repositioning', that is, the movement of the centromere along the chromosome without marker order variation. the occurrence of evolutionary new centromeres (encs) is relatively frequent. in macaque, for instance, 9 out of 20 autosomal centromeres are evolutionarily new; in donkey at ... | 2012 | 22045381 |
| [in vivo and in vitro effect of peptide hp-6 derived from donkey serum albumin on hematopoietic system]. | by bioinformatics method, the effect in hematopoietic system of bioactive peptide hp-6, which was obtained from donkey serum albumin and is one of the major protein components from donkey-hide gelatin, was investigated. | 2011 | 22097343 |
| splicing analysis of unclassified variants in col2a1 and col11a1 identifies deep intronic pathogenic mutations. | uk nhs diagnostic service sequence analysis of genes generally examines and reports on variations within a designated region 5' and 3' of each exon, typically 30 bp up and downstream. however, because of the degenerate nature of the splice sites, intronic variants outside the ag and gt dinucleotides of the acceptor and donor splice sites (ass and dss) are most often classified as being of unknown clinical significance, unless there is some functional evidence of their pathogenicity. it is now be ... | 2011 | 22189268 |
| comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders. | the sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (cft) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), central veterinary institute of wageningen ur (cidc) and the united states department of agriculture (usda) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and cu ... | 2011 | 21896565 |
| molecular and serological detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi in donkeys (equus asinus) in brazil. | piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognized as a serious problem of major economic importance, since the affected animals manifest loss of appetite and decreased working capacity. the present work is aimed at detecting infection or exposure of donkeys in são paulo, brazil to theileria (t.) equi and babesia (b.) caballi using molecular and serological approaches. edta-blood and serum samples were collected from 88 donkeys (equus asinus). from 88 sampled donkeys, 65 (73.86%; 95% confidence interv ... | 2011 | 22186194 |
| plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys. | to investigate plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys. | 2011 | 22126692 |
| the epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries caused by animals in southern-central china. | a clinical investigation was conducted to demonstrate the epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries inflicted by animals in southern-central part of china-the world's most populous eastern country. it consisted of a retrospective study of 149 patients and was carried out in our department. all the patients were attacked by animals, such as buffalo, cattle, donkey, horse, dog, cat, and rat. there were 91 males and 58 females patients, aged from 5 to 65 years. 113 patients were from rural areas, and ... | 2011 | 21925891 |
| Gasterophilosis: a major cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. | A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. Analysis of data on rectal prolapse cases obtained from the Donkey Health and Welfare Project clinic at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, from 1995 to 2004 revealed that 83.6% (n?=?177) of the cases were associated with Gasterophilus nasalis. The rest 10.7% and 5.7% were associated with work-related (overloading) cause and diarrhoea, respectively. The mean and ... | 2011 | 21870062 |
| cavity enhanced stimulated brillouin scattering in an optical chip for multiorder stokes generation. | we report the first demonstration of on-chip cascaded stimulated brillouin scattering (sbs). cascaded sbs is characterized in a 4 cm long chalcogenide (as₂s₃) rib waveguide where the end facet reflections provide a monolithic fabry-perot (fp) resonator. the presence of the fp cavity reduces the brillouin gain threshold, which enables observation of cascaded sbs at reduced pump powers. we observe up to three orders of stokes waves in the backscattered signal at a coupled peak power of 1.34 w. ant ... | 2011 | 21931433 |
| arginine or citrulline associated with a statin stimulates nitric oxide production in bovine aortic endothelial cells. | nitric oxide (no) is an antiatherogenic vasodilator synthesized from arginine and, indirectly, from citrulline through argininosuccinate synthase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl). hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis is usually treated by statins, which decrease cholesterolemia and increase endothelial no synthase (enos) activity. therefore, a treatment associating a statin with arginine or citrulline could be more efficient than statin alone. the aim of this study was to optimize ... | 2011 | 21914450 |
| Arginine deiminase PEG20 inhibits growth of small cell lung cancers lacking expression of argininosuccinate synthetase. | Background:Some cancers have been shown to lack expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), an enzyme required for the synthesis of arginine and a possible biomarker of sensitivity to arginine deprivation. Arginine deiminase (ADI) is a microbial enzyme capable of efficiently depleting peripheral blood arginine.Methods:Argininosuccinate synthetase expression was assessed in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with expression also assessed in a panel of 10 huma ... | 2011 | 22134507 |
| Characteristics of donkey spermatozoa along the length of the epididymis. | In mammals, the epididymis has numerous interrelated functions including absorptive and secretory activity that affect luminal environment and cell membrane, and the maturation and storage of sperm. Spermatozoa acquire their motility and fertilizing ability during their passage through the epididymis and the motility of epididymal spermatozoa should be a balance between the maturation of flagellum and the inhibition of the flagellar machinery. In this study maturational change in sperm character ... | 2012 | 21872312 |
| Activation of a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors persistently enhances hippocampal synaptic transmission and prevents Aß-mediated inhibition of LTP in the rat hippocampus. | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate fast cholinergic modulation of glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated the effects of subtype selective activation of the a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on hippocampal transmission and the inhibition of synaptic long-term potentiation by the Alzheimer's disease associated amyloid ß-protein (Aß). The a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist "compound A" ((R)-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)(5-(2-pyridyl))thiophene- ... | 2011 | 22200627 |
| the detection of horse and donkey using real-time pcr. | we have developed real-time pcr assays specific for horse and donkey, applicable to the detection of low levels of horse or donkey meat in commercial products. primers, designed to the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, were 3' mismatched to closely related and other commercial species. amplification of non-target species dna was prevented by truncation of primers at the 5' position, thereby conferring complete specificity. both assays were highly sensitive and detected the presence of 1pg of donk ... | 2005 | 22063899 |
| Association constants and distribution functions for ion pairs in binary solvent mixtures: application to a cyanine dye system. | The computations of the association constants K(ass) were performed at the microscopic level for the ion pair Cy(+)I(-) composed of the complex cyanine dye cation Cy(+) coupled to the negative iodine counterion. The wide array of K(ass) values is arranged by a variation of the composition of the binary solvent mixtures toluene/dimethylsulfoxide with the accompanying change of the solvent polarity. The potentials of mean force (PMFs) are calculated for a set of interionic separations R in the Cy( ... | 2011 | 22010723 |
| A novel neurotrophic drug for cognitive enhancement and Alzheimer's disease. | Currently, the major drug discovery paradigm for neurodegenerative diseases is based upon high affinity ligands for single disease-specific targets. For Alzheimer's disease (AD), the focus is the amyloid beta peptide (Aß) that mediates familial Alzheimer's disease pathology. However, given that age is the greatest risk factor for AD, we explored an alternative drug discovery scheme that is based upon efficacy in multiple cell culture models of age-associated pathologies rather than exclusively a ... | 2011 | 22194796 |
| cytotoxicity and glycan-binding profile of a d-galactose-binding lectin from the eggs of a japanese sea hare (aplysia kurodai). | a divalent cation-independent 16 kda d-galactose binding lectin (akl-2) was isolated from eggs of sea hare, aplysia kurodai. the lectin recognized d-galactose and d-galacturonic acid and had a 32 kda dimer consisting of two disulfide-bonded 16 kda subunits. eighteen n-terminus amino acids were identified by edman degradation, having unique primary structure. lectin blotting analysis with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins has shown that akl-2 was a glycoprotein with complex type oligosacc ... | 2011 | 21953532 |
| relationships between the dynamics of iatrogenic dna damage and genomic design in mammalian spermatozoa from eleven species. | the dynamic onset of dna fragmentation in mammalian sperm populations varies widely in different species when the spermatozoa are incubated in vitro at body temperature for several hours, and recent studies have shown that the dynamic rate of dna fragmentation within a species has considerable predictive value in terms of fertility. the reasons for such variation are unclear, but here we show that differences in protamine sequence and identity could be partially responsible. sets of 10 normal se ... | 2011 | 21919111 |
| differences between epididymal and ejaculated sperm characteristics in donkey. | spermatozoa acquire their motility and fertilizing ability during their passage through the epididymal canal. in the epididymal caput and corpus spermatozoa undergo several biochemical and metabolic changes while the cauda of the epididymis should be considered as the primarily site for storage of the spermatozoa. in the horse spermatozoa from cauda epididymis were collected and frozen, and the fertility of semen assessed. however, no studies have detailed semen characteristics of spermatozoa co ... | 2011 | 21996580 |
| ethanolamine oleate in resistant idiopathic achalasia: a novel therapy. | idiopathic achalasia (ia) is a chronic disease without definite therapy. ethanolamine oleate (eo) has multiple biological effects, including inflammatory activities. we investigated the efficacy of eo injection in selected patients with ia. | 2011 | 21971376 |
| Corneal penetration of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab. | To investigate the ability of bevacizumab to penetrate the cornea after topical application or subconjunctival injection. | 2011 | 22003112 |