| bumble bees heat up for high quality pollen. | thermoregulation plays a key role in bee foraging, allowing some species to forage in suboptimal temperatures. recently, bumble bee thoracic temperature (t(th)) has been shown to increase with nectar carbohydrate content. however, pollen is also vital to bees and exhibits a greater than 20-fold range in protein quality. we provide the first demonstration that bee t(th) is also correlated with pollen quality. we allowed bumble bee, bombus impatiens, foragers from two colonies to collect pollen va ... | 2008 | 18587118 |
| anti-allergic effect of bee pollen phenolic extract and myricetin in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | the bee pollen is used in folk medicine to alleviate allergic reactions. the bee pollen phenolic extract (bppe) consists in phenolic compounds (flavonoids) from plants picked by apis mellifera bee. | 2008 | 18588965 |
| hysteresis of insect acetylcholinesterase. | pre-steady-state catalytic properties of insect acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) were studied with the neutral substrate n-methylindoxylacetate. kinetics of soluble apis mellifera and drosophila melanogaster ache forms showed lags (v(i)=0) before reaching the steady-state. results were interpreted in terms of slow equilibrium between two conformational states e and e' of insect ache. hysteresis of insect ache has been pointed out for the first time. the hysteretic behaviour was found to d ... | 2008 | 18602377 |
| honeybee venom induces calcium-dependent but caspase-independent apoptotic cell death in human melanoma a2058 cells. | honeybee (apis mellifera) venom (bv) has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects, but its mode of action at the cellular and molecular levels remains largely unknown. we found that honeybee venom induced apoptosis in human melanoma a2058 cells but not in normal skin fibroblast detroit 551 cells. the bv-induced apoptosis was accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential transition. treatment with antioxidants significantly attenuated b ... | 2008 | 18602939 |
| inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) on lps-induced inflammation of human middle ear epithelial cells. | the results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is due to its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha expression and interleukin (il)-8 production. the anti-inflammatory effect of cape is possibly through the inhibition of nuclear factor (nf)-kappab via the suppression of inhibitor-kappab-alpha (ikappab-alpha) degradation. | 2008 | 18607954 |
| foraging and nesting behavior of osmia lignaria (hymenoptera: megachilidae) in the presence of fungicides: cage studies. | during orchard pollination studies in california, we observed dramatic changes in nesting and foraging behavior of osmia lignaria say (hymenoptera: megachilidae) after sprays with tank mixtures containing fungicides. a characteristic pattern of postspray events observed includes erratic behavior and interrupted foraging and nesting activity for several days. in an effort to determine whether fungicidal sprays were disruptive to bee foraging and thus to pollination, we exposed o. lignaria females ... | 2008 | 18613561 |
| comparative performance of two mite-resistant stocks of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae) in alabama beekeeping operations. | the utility of usda-developed russian and varroa sensitive hygiene (vsh) honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), was compared with that of locally produced, commercial italian bees during 2004-2006 in beekeeping operations in alabama, usa. infestations of varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & truman (acari: varroidae), were measured twice each year, and colonies that reached established economic treatment thresholds (one mite per 100 adult bees in late winter; 5-10 mites per 10 ... | 2008 | 18613562 |
| what's in that package? an evaluation of quality of package honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) shipments in the united states. | to replace deceased colonies or to increase the colony numbers, beekeepers often purchase honey bees, apis mellifera l., in a package, which is composed of 909-1,364 g (2-3 lb) of worker bees and a mated queen. packages are typically produced in warm regions of the united states in spring and shipped throughout the united states to replace colonies that perished during winter. although the package bee industry is effective in replacing colonies lost in winter, packages also can be an effective m ... | 2008 | 18613564 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on osmia lignaria and clothianidin on megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | we examined lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on osmia lignaria (cresson) and clothianidin on megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae). we also made progress toward developing reliable methodology for testing pesticides on wild bees for use in pesticide registration by using field and laboratory experiments. bee larvae were exposed to control, low (3 or 6 ppb), intermediate (30 ppb), or high (300 ppb) doses of either imidacloprid or clothianidin in pollen. field experiment ... | 2008 | 18613579 |
| synergistic effects of ferritin and propolis in modulation of beryllium induced toxicogenic alterations. | synergistic therapeutic potential of ferritin (5mg/kg, i.p.) and propolis (honeybee hive product; 200mg/kg, p.o.) was analyzed to encounter the beryllium induced biochemical and ultra morphological alterations. female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate (1mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days followed by treatment of above mentioned therapeutic agents either individually or in combination for five consecutive days. exposure to beryllium increased its concentration in serum, liver and kidney a ... | 2008 | 18620018 |
| ultrastructural differences of neurosecretion granules in the corpora cardiaca of the honeybee with and without infection by nosema apis. | axons of corpora cardiaca in the nosema infected honeybees contained numerous tightly packed neurosecretion granules. these granules invariably possessed high electron densities. neurosecretion granules of similar size were also observed in the axons of corpora cardiaca in the healthy honeybees. but these granules were shown to possess various electron densities. image analysis revealed that some of these granules possessed an electron dense core, and the electron densities decreased gradually f ... | 1990 | 18620317 |
| ultrastructural changes in the secretion granules of the hypopharyngeal glands of the honeybee infected by nosema apis and after treatment with fumagillin. | electron-dense secretion granules were numerous in the hypopharyngeal glands of healthy honeybees. in the hyopharyngeal glands of honeybees infected by nosema apis, these granules appeared to have increased in size and lost their electron density, possessing a core area that consisted of numerous smaller granules, and a slightly electron dense fringe area, which in some cases possessed a crystalline structure. in the hypopharyngeal glands of infected honeybees after treatment with fumagillin, th ... | 1990 | 18620318 |
| ultrastructural analysis on the gland secretion in the extracellular ducts of the hypopharyngeal glands of the honeybee infected by nosema apis. | the hypopharyngeal glands of the honeybee secrete the larval food royal jelly, along with enzymes that are used in the production of honey from nectar. the composition of this secretion mixture varies with the physiological condition of the honeybee, and the final secretion mixture is conveyed through the extracellular ducts to the large excretory duct. the secretion products in the extracellular duct of both healthy and infected honeybees, was studied by transmission electron microscopy and ima ... | 1990 | 18620319 |
| oöcytes degeneration in the queen honey bee after infection by nosema apis. | terminal oöcytes containing yolk in both healthy and nosema infected queen honey bees were studied. in the healthy queens the terminal oöcytes exhibited a layer of follicular cells which were covered by a smooth-surfaced ovariole sheath. in the oöplasm were numerous electron-dense yolk granules and lipid yolk droplets. the elecron-dense yolk granules exhibited a crystalline structure. stacks of endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the yolk granules throughout the oöplasm. numerous mitochondria ... | 1992 | 18621203 |
| transport of lactate and acetate through the energized cytoplasmic membrane of escherichia coli. | escherichia coli produces lactate and acetate in significant amounts during both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. a model describing the mechanism of protein mediated lactate transport has previously bee proposed. a simple theoretical analysis here indicates that the proposed model would be drain cellular energy resources by catalytically dissipating the proton-motive force. an experimental analysis of lactate and acetate transport employ nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to measure ... | 1995 | 18623362 |
| reproductive biology of hechtia schottii, a dioecious bromeliaceae, in mexico. | hechtia schottii is a terrestrial, rosetofilous, dioecious, polycarpic succulent herb, that grows mainly in shrubby associations, and less frequently, in secondary low caducifolious forests, both on calcareous soils or limestone outcrops in yucatan and campeche states, mexico. we studied phenology, floral and pollination biology, and breeding system at calcehtok, yucatan, during two flowering seasons. plants bloom mainly during the dry season (november-april) and disperse seeds during the rainy ... | 2008 | 18624243 |
| potential effects of oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) and of purified insecticidal proteins on larvae of the solitary bee osmia bicornis. | despite their importance as pollinators in crops and wild plants, solitary bees have not previously been included in non-target testing of insect-resistant transgenic crop plants. larvae of many solitary bees feed almost exclusively on pollen and thus could be highly exposed to transgene products expressed in the pollen. the potential effects of pollen from oilseed rape expressing the cysteine protease inhibitor oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) were investigated on larvae of the solitary bee osmia bicorni ... | 2008 | 18628826 |
| order parameters from image analysis: a honeycomb example. | honeybee combs have aroused interest in the ability of honeybees to form regular hexagonal geometric constructs since ancient times. here we use a real space technique based on the pair distribution function (pdf) and radial distribution function (rdf), and a reciprocal space method utilizing the debye-waller factor (dwf) to quantify the order for a range of honeycombs made by apis mellifera ligustica. the pdfs and rdfs are fit with a series of gaussian curves. we characterize the order in the h ... | 2008 | 18633584 |
| higher order visual input to the mushroom bodies in the bee, bombus impatiens. | to produce appropriate behaviors based on biologically relevant associations, sensory pathways conveying different modalities are integrated by higher-order central brain structures, such as insect mushroom bodies. to address this function of sensory integration, we characterized the structure and response of optic lobe (ol) neurons projecting to the calyces of the mushroom bodies in bees. bees are well known for their visual learning and memory capabilities and their brains possess major direct ... | 2008 | 18635397 |
| the distribution of paenibacillus larvae spores in adult bees and honey and larval mortality, following the addition of american foulbrood diseased brood or spore-contaminated honey in honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies. | within colony transmission of paenibacillus larvae spores was studied by giving spore-contaminated honey comb or comb containing 100 larvae killed by american foulbrood to five experimental colonies respectively. we registered the impact of the two treatments on p. larvae spore loads in adult bees and honey and on larval mortality by culturing for spores in samples of adult bees and honey, respectively, and by measuring larval survival. the results demonstrate a direct effect of treatment on spo ... | 2008 | 18640122 |
| [the use of different methods to sample the bee fauna (hymenoptera: apoidea), a study in the mixed temperate rainforest in santa catarina state]. | a survey of the bee fauna of araucaria forest was performed in the border of a fragment in the district of porto união, in santa catarina state. samples were carried on monthly between october/2005 and october/2006 with hand nets directly on the flowers, besides three types of traps: chemical baits, trap nests and pantraps. a total of 1711 bees were captured belonging to 164 species, distributed in five families of bees that occur in brazil. from the total 1339 bees of 130 species were sampled w ... | 2008 | 18641897 |
| genotoxic potential of bee venom (apis mellifera) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro using single cell gel electrophoresis assay. | bee venom (bv) has been known to have therapeutic applications in traditional medicine to treat variety of diseases. it is also known that bee venom possesses anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects and that it can inhibit proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells, but there is lack of information regarding genotoxicity of whole bee venom on normal human cells. in the present study, peripheral blood human lymphocytes from healthy donor were exposed in vitro to different concentration ... | 2008 | 18642151 |
| how natural infection by nosema ceranae causes honeybee colony collapse. | in recent years, honeybees (apis mellifera) have been strangely disappearing from their hives, and strong colonies have suddenly become weak and died. the precise aetiology underlying the disappearance of the bees remains a mystery. however, during the same period, nosema ceranae, a microsporidium of the asian bee apis cerana, seems to have colonized a. mellifera, and it's now frequently detected all over the world in both healthy and weak honeybee colonies. for first time, we show that natural ... | 2008 | 18647336 |
| does pathogen spillover from commercially reared bumble bees threaten wild pollinators? | the conservation of insect pollinators is drawing attention because of reported declines in bee species and the 'ecosystem services' they provide. this issue has been brought to a head by recent devastating losses of honey bees throughout north america (so called, 'colony collapse disorder'); yet, we still have little understanding of the cause(s) of bee declines. wild bumble bees (bombus spp.) have also suffered serious declines and circumstantial evidence suggests that pathogen 'spillover' fro ... | 2008 | 18648661 |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents cerebellar granule neurons (cgns) against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is an active component of propolis obtained from honeybee hives and is found to have the following properties: anti-mitogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant. recent reports suggest that cape also has a neuronal protective property against ischemic injury. since excitotoxicity may play an important role in ischemia, in this study, we investigated whether cape could directly protect neurons against excitotoxic insult. we ... | 2008 | 18657598 |
| detection and identification of a novel lactic acid bacterial flora within the honey stomach of the honeybee apis mellifera. | this investigation concerned the question of whether honeybees collect bacteria that are beneficial for humans from the flowers that contribute to formation of their honey. bacteria originating from the types of flowers involved, and found in different anatomic parts of the bees, in larvae, and in honey of different types, were sampled during a 2-year period. 16s rrna sequencing of isolates and clones was employed. a novel bacterial flora composed of lactic acid bacteria (lab) of the genera lact ... | 2008 | 18663527 |
| dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to study pore formation and protein-protein interactions. | dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis (dcbfa) enables to study leakage of fluorescently labeled (macro) molecules from liposomes that are labeled with a second, spectrally non-overlapping fluorophore. the fluorescent bursts that reside from the liposomes diffusing through the focal volume of a confocal microscope will coincide with those from the encapsulated size-marker molecules. the internal concentration of size-marker molecules can be quantitatively calculated from the fluorescence bursts ... | 2008 | 18667165 |
| engineered specific and high-affinity inhibitor for a subtype of inward-rectifier k+ channels. | inward-rectifier k(+) (kir) channels play many important biological roles and are emerging as important therapeutic targets. subtype-specific inhibitors would be useful tools for studying the channels' physiological functions. unfortunately, available k(+) channel inhibitors generally lack the necessary specificity for their reliable use as pharmacological tools to dissect the various kinds of k(+) channel currents in situ. the highly conserved nature of the inhibitor targets accounts for the gr ... | 2008 | 18669667 |
| in situ hybridization assays for localization of the chronic bee paralysis virus in the honey bee (apis mellifera) brain. | chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) is a common single-stranded rna virus which may cause significant losses in honey bee colonies. as this virus seems to exhibit neurotropism, an in situ hybridization based method was developed to localize the genomic and antigenomic cbpv rnas in infected honey bee brains. double-stranded cdna probes as well as genomic and antigenomic-specific single-stranded cdna probes were prepared, using the polymerase chain reaction in presence of labelled d-utp with non-ra ... | 2008 | 18674566 |
| increase of the cytotoxic effect of bothrops jararacussu venom on mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus by potassium channel blockers and by na(+)/k(+)-atpase inhibition. | we investigated the myotoxicity of bothrops jararacussu crude venom and other cytolytic agents on mouse isolated extensor digitorum longus (edl) and soleus (sol) muscles, which present distinct properties: edl is a fast-twitch, white muscle with predominantly glycolytic fibers, while sol is slow-twitch, red muscle with predominantly oxidative fibers. muscles were exposed to b. jararacussu crude venom (25 microg/ml) and other crotaline venoms (agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus; crotalus viridis ... | 2008 | 18675839 |
| proteome analysis of tea pollen (camellia sinensis) under different storage conditions. | the protein complement of tea pollen collecting from tea tree (camellia sinensis) was compared under different storage conditions. protein was partially identified using a combination of the 2d-page, maldi-tof/ms, mascot, and xproteo search engine. two hundred and sixty-nine and 396 proteins were detected in pollen stored at room temperature (rt) and -20 degrees c, respectively. forty-three of the identified proteins were assigned to defense-related functions, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, nu ... | 2008 | 18680303 |
| [intestinal enterobacteria of the hibernating apis mellifera mellifera l. bees]. | dynamics of enterobacteria of normal intestinal microflora was studied in apis mellifera mellifera l. bees hibernating under snow in the western urals. the cell numbers (n) of the predominant species klebsiella oxytoca increased from 10-10(6) cfu/bee in november 2004 to 10(4)-10(7) cfu/bee in march 2005; its frequency of occurrence (p) increased from 92 to 100%. increase of providencia rettgeri (11.2004: n up to 10(6), p 25%; 03.2005: n 10(2)-10(6), p 80%) was accompanied by the substitution of ... | 2008 | 18683661 |
| transformation of the gram-positive honey bee pathogen, paenibacillus larvae, by electroporation. | in this study we developed an electrotransformation method for use with the gram-positive bacterium paenibacillus larvae-a deadly pathogen of honey bees. combining multiple bacillus electrotransformation methods to generate an initial protocol, we then optimized the following parameters for use with p. larvae: cell density of culture at harvest time, contents of the washing/electroporation solution, field strength of the electrical pulse, recovery growth medium, and recovery time period. with th ... | 2008 | 18687369 |
| find--a unified framework for neural data analysis. | the complexity of neurophysiology data has increased tremendously over the last years, especially due to the widespread availability of multi-channel recording techniques. with adequate computing power the current limit for computational neuroscience is the effort and time it takes for scientists to translate their ideas into working code. advanced analysis methods are complex and often lack reproducibility on the basis of published descriptions. to overcome this limitation we develop find (find ... | 2008 | 18692360 |
| [allergy and neurotoxicity induced by bee sting. case report and literature review]. | under the heading of this subject we deal with stings by arthropods, making of bees, commenting on the composition of the poisons and the different local and general reactions that are differences that exist between the stings the venom contains many biologically active components such as melitin, phospholipase a2, apamin, mast cell degranulation peptide, hyaluronidase, histamine, and dopamine. that neurotoxic venom secretory phospholipases a2 (spla2) have specific receptors in brain membranes c ... | 2007 | 18693540 |
| efficacy of brazilian propolis gel for the management of denture stomatitis: a pilot study. | denture stomatitis presents as a chronic disease in denture-bearing patients, especially under maxillary prosthesis. despite the existence of a great number of antifungal agents, treatment failure is observed frequently. propolis, a natural bee product, possesses well-documented antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new brazilian propolis gel formulation in patients diagnosed with denture stomatitis. thirty complete-dent ... | 2008 | 18696746 |
| first detection of israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) in france, a dicistrovirus affecting honeybees (apis mellifera). | bee samples were collected in french apiaries that displayed severe losses and mortality during the winter (from november 2007 to march 2008). they were screened for the presence of israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) by using rt-pcr. five out of 35 surveyed apiaries, located in two different geographical areas, were found positive. this represents the first reported detection of iapv in france. the specificity of the pcr products was checked by sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis showed that ... | 2008 | 18703069 |
| queen regulates biogenic amine level and nestmate recognition in workers of the fire ant, solenopsis invicta. | nestmate recognition is a critical element in social insect organization, providing a means to maintain territoriality and close the colony to parasites and predators. ants detect the colony chemical label via their antennae and respond to the label mismatch of an intruder with aggressive behavior. in the fire ant, solenopsis invicta, worker ability to recognize conspecific nonnestmates decreases if the colony queen is removed, such that they do not recognize conspecific nonnestmates as differen ... | 2008 | 18704354 |
| a retrospective analysis of pollen host plant use by stable and declining bumble bee species. | understanding population declines has been the objective of a wide range of ecological studies. when species have become rare such studies are complicated because particular behavior or life history traits may be the cause but also the result of the decline of a species. we approached this problem by studying species' characteristics on specimens that were collected before the onset of their decline and preserved in natural history museums. in northwestern europe, some bumble bee species decline ... | 2008 | 18705369 |
| evaluation of protective effect of bee pollen against propoxur toxicity in rat. | in this study, 28 wistar female rats (200-250g) were used and divided into four equal groups. group 1 was allocated as the control group. groups 2-4 were administered 100mg/kg/bw/day bee pollen, 20mg/kg/bw/day propoxur, and 100mg/kg/bw/day bee pollen plus 20mg/kg/bw/day propoxur by gavage for 14 days, respectively. at the end of the 14th day, blood and tissues (the liver, kidney, brain, and heart) were collected from all animals. oxidative stress markers (mda, cat, sod, gsh-px) and some other bi ... | 2009 | 18707757 |
| beta-cyclodextrins as carriers of monoterpenes into the hemolymph of the honey bee (apis mellifera) for integrated pest management. | the varroa mite ( varroa destructor) is becoming ubiquitous worldwide and is a serious threat to honey bees. the cultivation of certain food crops are at risk. the most noted acaricides against varroa mites are tau-fluvaninate and coumaphos, but the mites are showing resistance. since these insecticides are used in the proximity of honey, it is desirable to use natural alternatives. monoterpenoids such as thymol and carvacrol, that are constituents of oil of thyme and oil of origanum, show promi ... | 2008 | 18710247 |
| thelytokous parthenogenesis in unmated queen honeybees (apis mellifera capensis): central fusion and high recombination rates. | the subspecies of honeybee indigenous to the cape region of south africa, apis mellifera capensis, is unique because a high proportion of unmated workers can lay eggs that develop into females via thelytokous parthenogenesis involving central fusion of meiotic products. this ability allows pseudoclonal lineages of workers to establish, which are presently widespread as reproductive parasites within the honeybee populations of south africa. successful long-term propagation of a parthenogen requir ... | 2008 | 18716331 |
| effect of root surface treatment with propolis and fluoride in delayed tooth replantation in rats. | replantation is an acceptable option for treatment of an avulsed permanent tooth. nevertheless, an extended extraoral period damages the periodontal ligament and results in external root resorption. the purpose of this study was to assess by histologic and histometric analysis, the influence of propolis 15% (natural resinous substance collected by apis mellifera bees from various plants) and the fluoride solution used as root surface treatment on the healing process after delayed tooth replantat ... | 2008 | 18721196 |
| cape (caffeic acid phenethyl ester)-based propolis extract (bio 30) suppresses the growth of human neurofibromatosis (nf) tumor xenografts in mice. | dysfunction of the nf1 gene coding a ras gap is the major cause of neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1), whereas neurofibromatosis type 2 (nf2) is caused primarily by dysfunction of the nf2 gene product called merlin that inhibits directly pak1, an oncogenic rac/cdc42-dependent ser/thr kinase. it was demonstrated previously that pak1 is essential for the growth of both nf1 and nf2 tumors. thus, several anti-pak1 drugs, including fk228 and cep-1347, are being developed for the treatment of nf tumors. h ... | 2009 | 18726924 |
| pollination biology of jacaranda oxyphylla with an emphasis on staminode function. | bignoniaceae is a neotropical family with >100 genera, only two of which, jacaranda and digomphia, have a developed staminode. jacaranda oxyphylla, whose flowers possess a conspicuous glandular staminode, is a zoophilous cerrado species. here, the composition of the secretion of the glandular trichome and the influence of the staminode on the pollination biology and reproductive success of j. oxyphylla were studied. | 2008 | 18765441 |
| [comparative analysis of radioprotective properties of some zootoxins]. | comparative study of radioprotective properties of venoms of the honeybee apis mellifera, salamander salamandra salamandra, and toad bufo viridis was performed on a model of the bone marrow form of radiation disease in rats. it has been revealed that after repeated administrations at low doses, all studied venoms produce radioprotective effect. the state of radioresistance has been established to remain for 4 weeks after the end of the venom administration. it has been shown that the revealed ef ... | 2008 | 18767560 |
| evaluation of the shaking technique for the economic management of american foulbrood disease of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | shaking is a nonantibiotic management technique for the bacterial disease american foulbrood (afb) (paenibacillus larvae sensu genersch et al.), in which infected nesting comb is destroyed and the adult honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), are transferred onto uncontaminated nesting material. we hypothesized that colonies shaken onto frames of uninfected drawn comb would have similar reductions in afb symptoms and bacterial spore loads than those shaken onto frames of foundation, ... | 2008 | 18767715 |
| successful re-challenge with panitumumab in patients who developed hypersensitivity reactions to cetuximab: report of three cases and review of literature. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) are effective in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mcrc). cetuximab, a chimeric mab targets egfr. even with premedication, cetuximab can cause a hypersensitivity reaction (hsr). in case of severe hsr, further therapy with cetuximab is contraindicated, thus preventing these patients from receiving potentially beneficial anti-egfr therapy. panitumumab is a fully human mab also targets egfr. to date, no human an ... | 2009 | 18781300 |
| effects of bee venom on the maturation of murine dendritic cells stimulated by lps. | this study was performed to elicit the effectiveness of bee venom (bv), a traditional immunosuppressive korean acupuncture agent, on the maturation of dendrtic cells (dcs). | 2008 | 18790041 |
| the traditional knowledge on stingless bees (apidae: meliponina) used by the enawene-nawe tribe in western brazil. | this paper presents the enawene-nawe society's traditional knowledge about stingless bees. the enawene-nawe are an aruak speaking people, indigenous to the meridian amazon. specifically, they live in the jurema river hydrological basin, located in the northwestern region of the mato grosso state. | 2008 | 18793393 |
| analyses of group iii secreted phospholipase a2 transgenic mice reveal potential participation of this enzyme in plasma lipoprotein modification, macrophage foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis. | among the many mammalian secreted phospholipase a2 (spla2) enzymes, pla2g3 (group iii secreted phospholipase a2) is unique in that it possesses unusual n- and c-terminal domains and in that its central spla2 domain is homologous to bee venom pla2 rather than to other mammalian spla2s. to elucidate the in vivo actions of this atypical spla2, we generated transgenic (tg) mice overexpressing human pla2g3. despite marked increases in pla2 activity and mature 18-kda pla2g3 protein in the circulation ... | 2008 | 18801741 |
| spatiotemporal characteristics of pain-associated neuronal activities in primary somatosensory cortex induced by peripheral persistent nociception. | the primary somatosensory cortex (s1 area) is one of the key brain structures for central processing of somatic noxious information to produce pain perception. however, so far, the spatiotemporal characteristics of neuronal activities associated with peripheral persistent nociception have rarely been studied. in the present report, we used c-fos as a neuronal marker to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of pain-related neuronal activities within the s1 area of rats subjecting to subcutaneous ... | 2008 | 18805459 |
| microinjection of morphine into thalamic nucleus submedius depresses bee venom-induced inflammatory pain in the rat. | previous studies have provided evidence of the existence of a pain modulatory feedback pathway consisting of thalamic nucleus submedius (sm)-ventrolateral orbital cortex-periaqueductal grey pathway, which is activated during acute pain and leads to depression of transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal dorsal horn. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that morphine microinjection into the sm decreased spontaneous pain and bilateral thermal hyperalgesia, as well as ipsila ... | 2008 | 18812029 |
| hygropreference and brood care in the honeybee (apis mellifera). | terrestrial organisms need to limit evaporation from their bodies in order to maintain a homeostatic water balance. owing to a large surface to volume ratio, arthropods are particularly susceptible to desiccation and have evolved behavioural and physiological mechanisms to conserve water. in social insects, water balance is also affected by the interactions between nestmates and by the architecture of the nest. for honeybees, humidity is particularly important for the brood because it affects th ... | 2008 | 18822293 |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells involving caspase and mitochondrial dysfunction. | this study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), an active component isolated from honeybee propolis, in inducing apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2008 | 18824880 |
| estrogenic activities of fatty acids and a sterol isolated from royal jelly. | we have previously reported that royal jelly (rj) from honeybees (apis mellifera) has weak estrogenic activity mediated by interaction with estrogen receptors that leads to changes in gene expression and cell proliferation. in this study, we isolated four compounds from rj that exhibit estrogenic activity as evaluated by a ligand-binding assay for the estrogen receptor (er) beta. these compounds were identified as 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, trans-2-decenoic acid a ... | 2008 | 18830443 |
| invisible floral larcenies: microbial communities degrade floral nectar of bumble bee-pollinated plants. | the ecology of nectarivorous microbial communities remains virtually unknown, which precludes elucidating whether these organisms play some role in plant-pollinator mutualisms beyond minor commensalism. we simultaneously assessed microbial abundance and nectar composition at the individual nectary level in flowers of three southern spanish bumble bee-pollinated plants (helleborus foetidus, aquilegia vulgaris, and aquilegia pyrenaica cazorlensis). yeasts were frequent and abundant in nectar of al ... | 2008 | 18831156 |
| a pathogenic picorna-like virus from the endoparasitoid wasp, pteromalus puparum: initial discovery and partial genomic characterization. | using electron microscopy, we demonstrated the presence of a novel small rna-containing virus in the venom apparatus of an endoparasitic wasp, pteromalus puparum, designated as ppsrv. morphologically, ppsrv has classical features of picorna-like viruses. it caused the development deterioration and tissue destruction of p. puparum venom apparatus. the laboratory colony of p. puparum was infectious with ppsrv at a low level. partial genomic sequence analysis indicated that ppsrv 3'-proximal genome ... | 2008 | 18831994 |
| a genome-wide analysis of genes and gene families involved in innate immunity of bombyx mori. | a genome-wide analysis of innate immunity-related genes and gene families was conducted using the silkworm, bombyx mori. we identified orthologs for a large number of genes involved in insect immunity that have been reported from drosophila melanogaster (diptera), anopheles gambiae (diptera), apis mellifera (hymenoptera) and tribolium castaneum (coleoptera). b. mori has a unique recognition gene and antimicrobial peptide genes that are not present in the drosophila, anopheles, apis and tribolium ... | 2008 | 18835443 |
| detection of honeybee venom in envenomed tissues by direct maldi msi. | a new analytical approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (maldi msi) for the study of honeybee venom is shown. in vitro and in vivo models simulating the bee sting have been developed using live honeybees and, as the envenomation sites, pig ears and rat legs; maldi msi has been used to map, over time, the diffusion and distribution of three venom allergens (api m 1, api m 4, and api m 6) and two venom toxins (apamine and mast cell degranulating peptid ... | 2009 | 18849171 |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits invasion and expression of matrix metalloproteinase in sk-hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting nuclear factor kappa b. | numerous studies have shown that the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-2 and/or mmp-9 are associated with the invasive phenotypes of cancer cells. this study investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), a chemopreventive phytochemical derived from honeybee propolis, on the invasive phenotype of sk-hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (sk-hep1 cells). cape effectively suppressed sk-hep1 cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner. the constitutive expression of mmp-2 ... | 2008 | 18850224 |
| bird pollination of canary island endemic plants. | the canary islands are home to a guild of endemic, threatened bird-pollinated plants. previous work has suggested that these plants evolved floral traits as adaptations to pollination by flower specialist sunbirds, but subsequently, they appear to have co-opted generalist passerine birds as sub-optimal pollinators. to test this idea, we carried out a quantitative study of the pollination biology of three of the bird-pollinated plants, canarina canariensis (campanulaceae), isoplexis canariensis ( ... | 2009 | 18931830 |
| blocking and pseudoblocking: the reply of rattus norvegicus to apis mellifera. | blaser, couvillon, and bitterman (2006) presented data obtained with honeybees that in principle challenged all traditional interpretations of blocking. they administered a + followed by either a + or + alone (where + indicates an unconditioned stimulus) and then tested on x. they observed less responding to x when they administered a + than when + alone was administered, a phenomenon they called "pseudoblocking". here we examined pseudoblocking in a rat fear-conditioning preparation. in experim ... | 2008 | 18938762 |
| deformed wing virus associated with tropilaelaps mercedesae infesting european honey bees (apis mellifera). | mites in the genus tropilaelaps (acari: laelapidae) are ectoparasites of the brood of honey bees (apis spp.). different tropilaelaps subspecies were originally described from apis dorsata, but a host switch occurred to the western honey bee, apis mellifera, for which infestations can rapidly lead to colony death. tropilaelaps is hence considered more dangerous to a. mellifera than the parasitic mite varroa destructor. honey bees are also infected by many different viruses, some of them associate ... | 2009 | 18941909 |
| melectin: a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the cleptoparasitic bee melecta albifrons. | a novel antimicrobial peptide designated melectin was isolated from the venom of the cleptoparasitic bee melecta albifrons. its primary sequence was established as h-gly-phe-leu-ser-ile-leu-lys-lys-val-leu-pro-lys-val-met-ala-his-met-lys-nh(2) by edman degradation and esi-qtof mass spectrometry. synthetic melectin exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and it degranulated rat peritoneal mast cells, but its hemolytic activity was low. the cd spectra of ... | 2008 | 18942691 |
| in vitro cytotoxic effect of brazilian green propolis on human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (hep-2) cells. | propolis is a sticky dark-colored material showing a very complex chemical composition that honeybees collect from plants. it has been used in folk medicine since ancient times, due to several biological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, among others. its antitumor action in vivo and in vitro has also been reported, using propolis extracts or its isolated compounds. the goal of this work was to evaluate propolis's cytotoxic action ... | 2009 | 18955250 |
| 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, a major fatty acid from royal jelly, inhibits vegf-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is reported to be a potent pro-angiogenic factor that plays a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. royal jelly (rj) is a honeybee product containing various proteins, sugars, lipids, vitamins and free amino acids. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10hda), a major fatty acid component of rj, is known to have various pharmacological effects; its antitumor activity being especially noteworthy. however, the mechanism underlying this ef ... | 2009 | 18955252 |
| bridging the synaptic gap: neuroligins and neurexin i in apis mellifera. | vertebrate studies show neuroligins and neurexins are binding partners in a trans-synaptic cell adhesion complex, implicated in human autism and mental retardation disorders. here we report a genetic analysis of homologous proteins in the honey bee. as in humans, the honeybee has five large (31-246 kb, up to 12 exons each) neuroligin genes, three of which are tightly clustered. rna analysis of the neuroligin-3 gene reveals five alternatively spliced transcripts, generated through alternative use ... | 2008 | 18974885 |
| [sudden die-off of honeybee colonies]. | apis mellifera is used for honeybee keeping all over turkey. recently, honeybees have been suddenly disappearing for no apparent reason. it is presumed that some viral and parasitic honeybee pathogens are responsible for this. no medical research has been conducted to determine the pathologic causes of the sudden die-off of the honeybee colonies in turkey as yet. this is of urgent importance for future of the honeybee industry. | 2008 | 18985587 |
| nuclear receptors in bombyx mori: insights into genomic structure and developmental expression. | nuclear receptors (nrs) function as ligand-dependent transcription factors and are involved in diverse biological processes in different animals. the updated assembly of complete genome sequence of the bombyx mori enabled a systematic analysis of the nrs in the five holometabolous insects including b. mori, drosophila melanogaster, anopheles gambiae, apis mellifera, and tribolium castaneum. as a result, nineteen nrs were identified in the b. mori genome, each of eighteen nrs has 1:1:1:1 ortholog ... | 2008 | 18992339 |
| effect of carbaryl on some biochemical changes in rats: the ameliorative effect of bee pollen. | in this study, 42 female wistar albino rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were used and they were divided into six equal groups. group 1 was allocated as the control group. rats included in groups 2 and 3 were administered a water-solubilized extract of bee pollen at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day and 100 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. group 4 received 225 mg/kg bw/day carbaryl. groups 5 and 6 were given a water-solubilized extract of bee pollen at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day and 100mg/kg bw/day, respe ... | 2009 | 18996165 |
| first detection of varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos in argentina. | in argentina, studies on varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos are still unknown. at present, high infestation levels of v. destructor are being detected in colonies of apis mellifera after treatment with this acaricide. the aim of the present study was to determine the lc50 of coumaphos in v. destructor from four apiaries with high mite density after treatment with coumaphos. the lc50's were 112, 319, 127 and 133 microg/petri dish for mites from the four apiaries. significant lc50 differenc ... | 2009 | 19009360 |
| a qualitative model of mortality in honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies infested with tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | the tracheal mite has been associated with colony deaths worldwide since the mite was first discovered in 1919. yet controversy about its role in honey bee colony mortality has existed since that time. other pathogens such as bacteria and viruses have been suggested as the cause of colony deaths as well as degenerative changes in individual honey bees. using data from published work we developed a qualitative mortality model to explain colony mortality due to tracheal mite infestation in the fie ... | 2009 | 19009362 |
| acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. | although intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine has a pronounced analgesic effect, the clinical use of clonidine is limited by its side effects. previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that the subcutaneous injection of diluted bee venom (dbv) into an acupoint (termed apipuncture) produces significant analgesic effect in various pain animal models. the present study was designed to examine whether dbv injection into the zusanli acupoint (st-36) could ... | 2009 | 19010737 |
| composition and antioxidant activity of trigona carbonaria honey from australia. | stingless bees (tribe meliponini) are a diverse group of highly eusocial bees distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. trigona carbonaria honey, from australia, was characterized by traditional physicochemical parameters (acidity, sugars, diastase, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural, invertase, nitrogen, and water content) and other compositional factors (flavonoids, polyphenols, organic acids, and water activity), as well as total antioxidant capacity and radical scavengin ... | 2008 | 19012514 |
| molecular identification of cdna, immunolocalization, and expression of a putative odorant-binding protein from an asian honey bee, apis cerana cerana. | an odorant-binding protein cdna (acer-asp2) was cloned and characterized from antennae of adult workers of an asian honey bee, apis cerana cerana f. (hymenoptera: apidae). the full-length open reading frame of acer-asp2 cdna was 429 bp, encoding 142 amino acids. protein signature analyses revealed that it contained six conserved cysteines with an n-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. the deduced protein sequence shares high homology with amel-asp2 from the honey bee, apis mellifera l., a ... | 2008 | 19023627 |
| ecological and human health risk aspects of burning arsenic-rich coal. | the subject of the study was the ecological and human health consequences of environmental pollution from emissions arising from burning local coal with an arsenic content ranging from 900 to 1,500 g/tonne of dry substance. the first indication of environmental pollution by arsenic-containing emissions was the mass extinction of honeybee colonies. the neurotoxic and carcinogenic aspects of arsenic exposure were followed. on using a group diagnostics approach, significant hearing losses were dete ... | 2009 | 19031100 |
| are coffee and toffee served in a cup? ortho-phonologically mediated associative priming. | we report three masked associative priming experiments with the lexical decision task that explore whether the initial activation flow of a visually presented word activates the semantic representations of that word's orthographic/phonological neighbours. the predictions of cascades and serial/modular models of lexical processing differ widely in this respect. using a masked priming paradigm (stimulus onset asynchrony, soa = 50 ms), words preceded by ortho-phonologically mediated associated "nei ... | 2008 | 19031156 |
| differential roles of peripheral mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways in bee venom-induced nociception and inflammation in conscious rats. | intraplantar injection of bee venom (bv) produces persistent spontaneous nociception (psn) and hyperalgesia, as well as obvious inflammatory swelling, in the paws of injected rats. the present study was designed to determine the peripheral roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction pathways in bv-induced nociception and inflammation. we examined the effect of intraplantar injection of an erk1/2 inhibitor, pd98059, and a p38 inhibitor, sb202190, on bv-induced psn, mechan ... | 2009 | 19038582 |
| octanoic acid confers to royal jelly varroa-repellent properties. | the mite varroa destructor anderson & trueman is a parasite of the honeybee apis mellifera l. and represents a major threat for apiculture in the western world. reproduction takes place only inside bee brood cells that are invaded just before sealing; drone cells are preferred over worker cells, whereas queen cells are not normally invaded. lower incidence of mites in queen cells is at least partly due to the deterrent activity of royal jelly. in this study, the repellent properties of royal jel ... | 2009 | 19050844 |
| 3-d model of the bee venom acid phosphatase: insights into allergenicity. | the acid phosphatase api m 3 is the major allergen of the honeybee venom. except for the amino acid sequence, no other structural information for the enzyme is available. we applied homology modeling to assign the three-dimensional structure of api m 3. the structure of the homodimeric human prostatic acid phosphatase was used to model the api m 3 tertiary structure. ige epitopes and antigenic sites were predicted using programs based on the structure of known epitopes and analysis of the 3-d mo ... | 2009 | 19059210 |
| [important bee plants to the africanized honey bee apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae) in a fragment of savannah in itirapina, são paulo state, brazil]. | the present work had as objectives to know the bee flora composition in an savannah fragment of the estação experimental de itirapina, unit of divisão de florestas e estações experimentais do instituto florestal, in itirapina county, são paulo state, brazil (22 masculine14's and 47 masculine49'w). the pollen spectrum of the produced honey and the pollen collected by the africanized honey bee apis mellifera l. were determined in the area. the information contributes to understand the beekeeping e ... | 2008 | 19061035 |
| a reliable bioassay procedure to evaluate per os toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains against the rice delphacid, tagosodes orizicolus (homoptera: delphacidae). | a reliable bioassay procedure was developed to test ingested bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins on the rice delphacid tagosodes orizicolus. initially, several colonies were established under greenhouse conditions, using rice plants to nurture the insect. for the bioassay, an in vitro feeding system was developed for third to fourth instar nymphs. insects were fed through parafilm membranes on sugar (10 % sucrose) and honey bee (1:48 vol/vol) solutions, observing a natural mortality of 10-15 % an ... | 2007 | 19069752 |
| independence and interdependence in collective decision making: an agent-based model of nest-site choice by honeybee swarms. | condorcet's jury theorem shows that when the members of a group have noisy but independent information about what is best for the group as a whole, majority decisions tend to outperform dictatorial ones. when voting is supplemented by communication, however, the resulting interdependencies between decision makers can strengthen or undermine this effect: they can facilitate information pooling, but also amplify errors. we consider an intriguing non-human case of independent information pooling co ... | 2009 | 19073474 |
| honeybee royal jelly inhibits autoimmunity in sle-prone nzb x nzw f1 mice. | royal jelly (rj) is a gelatinous secretion from young nurse worker bees (apis mellifera), which serves as the sole food for the queen bee. because of its pleiotropic functions for queen bees, rj has also been used as a dietary supplement with various health benefits for humans. because rj is being indicated to have immunomodulatory potential for humans, we undertook the study to determine whether the oral administration of rj could alter the development of systemic autoimmunity in new zealand bl ... | 2009 | 19074168 |
| melittin, a major component of bee venom, sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail)-induced apoptosis by activating camkii-tak1-jnk/p38 and inhibiting ikappabalpha kinase-nfkappab. | promoting apoptosis is a strategy for cancer drug discovery. tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) induces apoptosis in a wide range of malignant cells. however, several cancers, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), exhibit a major resistance to trail-induced cell death. melittin, a water-soluble 26-amino acid peptide derived from bee venom of apis mellifera, can exert toxic or inhibitory effects on many types of tumor cells. here we report that melittin can ... | 2009 | 19074436 |
| biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. | oregano essential oils obtained from the genera origanum, thymus, coridothymus, thymbra, satureja and lippia are rich in carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol isomeric with thymol. turkey is the biggest exporter of oregano herb and oil to the world markets. oregano is mainly used in food, spice and pharmaceutical industries. carvacrol is responsible for the biological activities of oregano. many diverse activities of carvacrol such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, ... | 2008 | 19075694 |
| effects of tissue handling and processing steps on pcr for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. | development and standardization of reliable methods for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples is an important goal in laboratories throughout the world. in this work, lung and spleen fragments from a patient who died with the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis were used to evaluate the influence of the type of fixative as well as the fixation and paraffin inclusion protocols on pcr performance in paraffin embedded specimens. tissue fragments were fixed for four h to 48 h, us ... | 2008 | 19082372 |
| effect of a propolis extract on streptococcus mutans counts in vivo. | objective: to evaluate the antibacterial action of an extract of geopropolis produced by the bee melipona compressipes fasciculata on the concentration of streptococcus mutans colonizing the oral cavity of young patients. forty-one young volunteers performed 21 mouth rinses divided into three rinses per day for 7 days, with no other changes in their oral hygiene and dietary habits. saliva was collected at three time points: before the first rinse, and one hour and 7 days after the first rinse. a ... | 2007 | 19089172 |
| antigenic, microbicidal and antiparasitic properties of an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from bothrops jararaca snake venom. | venoms from the bee apis mellifera, the caterpillar lonomia achelous, the spiders lycosa sp. and phoneutria nigriventer, the scorpions tityus bahiensis and tityus serrulatus, and the snakes bothrops alternatus, bothrops jararaca, bothrops jararacussu, bothrops moojeni, bothrops neuwiedi, crotalus durissus terrificus, and lachesis muta were assayed (800mug/ml) for activity against staphylococcus aureus. venoms from b. jararaca and b. jararacussu showed the highest s. aureus growth inhibition and ... | 2009 | 19101583 |
| survey of six bee viruses using rt-pcr in northern thailand. | six honey bee viruses were surveyed using rt-pcr in northern thailand where about 80% of thai apiaries are located. tested samples were found to be positive for deformed wing virus (dwv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), sacbrood virus (sbv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv). in the collected samples, neither chronic bee paralysis virus nor black queen cell virus nucleic acids could be detected. it was found that dwv was the most widespread and abpv was the second most prevalent. kashmir bee virus wa ... | 2009 | 19105966 |
| histamine release by bee venom phospholipase a and mellitin in the rat. | | 1965 | 19108211 |
| effects of cocaine on honey bee dance behaviour. | the role of cocaine as an addictive drug of abuse in human society is hard to reconcile with its ecological role as a natural insecticide and plant-protective compound, preventing herbivory of coca plants (erythroxylum spp.). this paradox is often explained by proposing a fundamental difference in mammalian and invertebrate responses to cocaine, but here we show effects of cocaine on honey bees (apis mellifera l.) that parallel human responses. forager honey bees perform symbolic dances to adver ... | 2009 | 19112134 |
| detection of a honeybee iflavirus with intermediate characteristics between kakugo virus and deformed wing virus. | iflavirus rna was detected in honeybee colonies displaying unduly aggressive behavior and with no evidence of morphological alterations. sequence analysis of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) revealed that the iflavirus strain was more similar (> 99% aa) to deformed wing virus (dwv), that has been associated with morphological alterations in bees, rather than to the newly-described kakugo virus (kv) (about 95% aa), that has been associated with increased aggressiveness. therefore, the ifla ... | 2008 | 19123297 |
| specificity analysis of lectins and antibodies using remodeled glycoproteins. | due to their ability to bind specifically to certain carbohydrate sequences, lectins are a frequently used tool in cytology, histology, and glycan analysis but also offer new options for drug targeting and drug delivery systems. for these and other potential applications, it is necessary to be certain as to the carbohydrate structures interacting with the lectin. therefore, we used glycoproteins remodeled with glycosyltransferases and glycosidases for testing specificities of lectins from aleuri ... | 2009 | 19123999 |
| antioxidant effects of flavonoid from croatian cystus incanus l. rich bee pollen. | oxidant/antioxidant status, estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity and gene expression profile were studied in mice fed with cystus incanus l. (cistaceae) reach bee pollen from location in central croatia's dalmatia coast and offshore islands. seven phenolic compounds (out of 13 tested) in bee pollen sample were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. phenolics detected in c. incanus l. bee pollen belong to flavonol (pinocembrin), flavanols (quercetin, kaempferol, galang ... | 2009 | 19124059 |
| pollinator experience, neophobia and the evolution of flowering time. | environmental changes, such as current climate warming, can exert directional selection on reproductive phenology. in plants, evolution of earlier flowering requires that the individuals bearing genes for early flowering successfully reproduce; for non-selfing, zoophilous species, this means that early flowering individuals must be visited by pollinators. in a laboratory experiment with artificial flowers, we presented captive bumble-bees (bombus impatiens) with flower arrays representing stages ... | 2009 | 19129131 |
| stroke due to bee sting. | although bee stings can cause local reactions, neurovascular complications are rare. a 60-year-old man developed a focal neurologic deficit 2 hours after multiple bee stings, which was confirmed to be acute cerebral infarctions on magnetic resonance imaging scan. | 2009 | 19131858 |
| impact of transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) and of insecticidal proteins on longevity and digestive enzymes of the solitary bee osmia bicornis. | the risk that insect-resistant transgenic plants may pose for solitary bees was assessed by determining longevity of adult osmia bicornis (o. rufa) chronically exposed to transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) or to the purified insecticidal proteins recombinant roc-1, kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (sbti), galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna), or bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab dissolved in sugar solution (at 0.01 and 0.1%, w:v, cry1ab only at 0.01%). compared to control ... | 2009 | 19135058 |
| energetic stress in the honeybee apis mellifera from nosema ceranae infection. | parasites are dependent on their hosts for energy to reproduce and can exert a significant nutritional stress on them. energetic demand placed on the host is especially high in cases where the parasite-host complex is less co-evolved. the higher virulence of the newly discovered honeybee pathogen, nosema ceranae, which causes a higher mortality in its new host apis mellifera, might be based on a similar mechanism. using proboscis extension response and feeding experiments, we show that bees infe ... | 2009 | 19135448 |