| fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: an analysis of 21 cases. | fungal peritonitis is a rare but serious complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (pd). we aimed to analyze the predisposing factors, clinical aspects, etiological agents, and treatment of fungal peritonitis in patients with pd in our hospital. | 2011 | 20526810 |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. | carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are widespread enzymes in all organisms, catalyzing co2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons. their inhibition is exploited clinically for decades for various classes of diuretics and systemically acting antiglaucoma agents. in the last years novel applications of ca inhibitors (cais) emerged, such as topically acting antiglaucoma, anticonvulsants, antiobesity, antipain, and antitumor agents/diagnostic tools. such cais target diverse isozymes of the 13 catal ... | 2010 | 20529676 |
| in vitro antifungal activities of bis(alkylpyridinium)alkane compounds against pathogenic yeasts and molds. | ten bis(alkylpyridinium)alkane compounds were tested for antifungal activity against 19 species (26 isolates) of yeasts and molds. we then determined the mics and minimum fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) of four of the most active compounds (compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8) against 80 candida and 20 cryptococcal isolates, in comparison with the mics of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin, using clinical laboratory and standards institutes broth microdu ... | 2010 | 20530227 |
| potency of anidulafungin compared to nine other antifungal agents tested against candida spp., cryptococcus spp., and aspergillus spp.: results from the global sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2008). | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program regularly monitors global susceptibility rates for a spectrum of both novel and established antifungal agents. anidulafungin and the other echinocandins displayed sustained, excellent activity against candida spp. and aspergillus fumigatus, with >or=98% of mic results at <or=2 microg/ml. six yeast isolates (all candida glabrata) showing caspofungin mic values of >or=0.5 microg/ml were further analyzed for potential fks hot spot (hs) mutations; three ... | 2010 | 20534798 |
| candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with negative donor rim culture. | candida glabrata endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is rare and almost always associated with positive donor rim culture. | 2010 | 20537193 |
| activity of solvent extracts of prosopis spicigera, zingiber officinale and trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains. | the emerging trends of multidrug resistance among several groups of microorganisms against different classes of antibiotics led different researchers to develop efficient drugs from plant sources to counter multidrug resistant strains. this study investigated different solvent extracts of prosopis spicigera (p. spicigera), zingiber officinale, and trachyspermum ammi (t. ammi) to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. | 2010 | 20539061 |
| clinical and economic outcomes of decreased fluconazole susceptibility in patients with candida glabrata bloodstream infections. | the impact of reduced fluconazole susceptibility on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with candida glabrata bloodstream infections (bsi) is unknown. | 2010 | 20542354 |
| strategy for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a respiratory-deficient mutant of candida glabrata for bioethanol production. | high temperature and agitation are advantageous for ethanol production from insoluble feedstock when using the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) technique. to construct an effective ssf system, a respiratory-deficient mutant was isolated from the thermotolerant yeast candida glabrata. our results suggest that this respiratory-deficient mutant has higher ethanol production abilities in ssf. | 2010 | 20547382 |
| t-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena. | t-2307, a novel arylamidine, has been shown to exhibit broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against clinically significant pathogens. in our preliminary studies, candida glabrata exhibited significant trailing growth (partial inhibition of growth over an extended range of antifungal concentrations) in the presence of t-2307 when it was tested using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines with 0.2% glucose and 48 h of incubation, making reading of th ... | 2010 | 20547803 |
| microarray and molecular analyses of the azole resistance mechanism in candida glabrata oropharyngeal isolates. | dna microarrays were used to analyze candida glabrata oropharyngeal isolates from seven hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients whose isolates developed azole resistance while the recipients received fluconazole prophylaxis. transcriptional profiling of the paired isolates revealed 19 genes upregulated in the majority of resistant isolates compared to their paired susceptible isolates. all seven resistant isolates had greater than 2-fold upregulation of c. glabrata pdr1 (cgpdr1), a master ... | 2010 | 20547810 |
| temporal changes of denture plaque microbiologic composition evaluated in situ. | this study assessed how biofilm composition is affected by both time and denture material in complete denture wearers. biofilm was formed during two phases of 14 days on acrylic resin and denture liner specimens mounted on the buccal surface of the mandibular dentures of 21 patients. specimens were removed randomly on days 2, 7, and 14. higher counts of candida glabrata, total streptococci, actinomyces, total microorganisms, and percentage of actinomyces were observed after 7 and 14 days (p < .0 ... | 2010 | 20552089 |
| a multicentre study to evaluate the impact of timing of caspofungin administration on outcomes of invasive candidiasis in non-immunocompromised adult patients. | candida non-albicans species cause an increasing proportion of invasive candidiasis (ic). prompt initiation of effective antifungal therapy has been shown to positively impact the outcomes of ic. caspofungin is often reserved as a second-line agent after suboptimal response to initial therapy. we determined the impact of the timing of caspofungin administration on outcomes of ic. | 2010 | 20554567 |
| association between multiple sclerosis and candida species: evidence from a case-control study. | candida infection among multiple sclerosis (ms) patients has not been studied in depth. we determined whether there is an association between serological evidence of candida infection and ms. blood specimens were obtained from 80 ms patients and 240 matched controls. immunofluorescence analysis and elisa were used to detect candida species antibodies and slot-blot to detect antigens. using immunofluorescence analysis, moderate to high concentrations of serum antibodies to candida famata were pre ... | 2010 | 20556470 |
| in vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against candida glabrata, c. guilliermondii, and c. parapsilosis biofilms. | the formation of candida biofilms has important clinical ramifications, because these biofilms exhibit increased resistance to conventional antifungal therapies. the aim of this study was to investigate the activity of xanthorrhizol on biofilms produced by non-c. albicans candida (ncac) species, including c. glabrata, c. guilliermondii, and c. parapsilosis. ncac biofilms were generated in flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates and quantified using the xtt (2, 3 - bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophe ... | 2011 | 20560862 |
| necrotizing soft tissue infection of the glans penis due to atypical candida species complicated with fournier's gangrene. | | 2010 | 20574621 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharides variably modulate in vitro biofilm formation of candida species. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bacterial endotoxin lps on candida biofilm formation in vitro. the effect of the lps of pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and salmonella typhimurium on six different species of candida, comprising candida albicans atcc 90028, candida glabrata atcc 90030, candida krusei atcc 6258, candida tropicalis atcc 13803, candida parapsilosis atcc 22019 and candida dubliniensis mya 646, was studied using a standar ... | 2010 | 20576747 |
| [opportunistic pathogen candida glabrata and the mechanisms of its resistance to antifungal drugs]. | treatment of not only bacterial but also fungal infections is currently a growing concern. a major reason is the acquisition of multidrug resistance in both prokaryotic and human cells. the multidrug resistance phenotype is a cellular response to the presence of cytotoxic substances in the environment. the basic mechanism of multidrug resistance is overexpression of the membrane proteins involved in the extrusion of toxic substances outside the cell. the resistance mechanism based on the efflux ... | 2010 | 20586168 |
| microsatellite analysis and susceptibility to fcz of candida glabrata invasive isolates in sfax hospital, tunisia. | we have noted that, during the last few years, there has been a redistribution of the most common candida species with an increase in non-c. albicans candida species, particularly candida glabrata. in many countries, the high frequency of candida glabrata shows the highest resistance rates. the main objective of this investigation was to analyze the genotypic variability of invasive c. glabrata isolates recovered over a period of six years and assess their in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole ... | 2011 | 20586679 |
| case report 3: colorectal cancer patient. | | 2010 | 20591013 |
| method to purify mitochondrial dna directly from yeast total dna. | during the purification of total dna from yeast, both nuclear and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecules are obtained. here, we describe a simple enzymatic method using a combination of λ exonuclease and recj(f) to obtain pure and intact mtdna by removing linear dna from total dna isolated from yeast cells. the combination of the two enzymes efficiently removed linear dna from the total dna of candida (torulopsis) glabrata, leaving the mtdna intact. the purity and integrity of mtdna was assayed by ... | 2010 | 20600282 |
| microbial conversion and anticandidal effects of bioconverted product of cabbage (brassica oleracea) by pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum 21. | this study was undertaken to examine the anticandidal effects of microbially bioconverted product of cabbage, obtained from the microbial conversion of cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) by a bacterial strain pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum 21 (pcc 21) against various isolates of candida species including a clinical isolate. the bioconverted product (10 microl, corresponding to 500 microg/disc) displayed potential anticandidal effect against candida albicans kacc 30062, candida ... | 2010 | 20600519 |
| novel pyridobenzimidazole derivatives exhibiting antifungal activity by the inhibition of beta-1,6-glucan synthesis. | based on the hts hit compound 1a, an inhibitor of beta-1,6-glucan synthesis, we synthesized novel pyridobenzimidazole derivatives and evaluated their antifungal activity. among the compounds synthesized, we identified the potent compound 15e, which exhibits excellent activity superior to fluconazole against both candida glabrata and candida krusei. from the sar study, we revealed essential moieties for antifungal activity. | 2010 | 20605446 |
| echinocandins: a ray of hope in antifungal drug therapy. | invasive fungal infections are on the rise. amphotericin b and azole antifungals have been the mainstay of antifungal therapy so far. the high incidence of infusion related toxicity and nephrotoxicity with amphotericin b and the emergence of fluconazole resistant strains of candida glabrata egged on the search for alternatives. echinocandins are a new class of antifungal drugs that act by inhibition of beta (1, 3)-d- glucan synthase, a key enzyme necessary for integrity of the fungal cell wall.c ... | 2010 | 20606829 |
| prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non-albicans candida in oral rinse samples of self-caring elderly. | gerodontology 2010; doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00407.x prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non-albicans candida in oral rinse samples of self-caring elderly aim: to assess the prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non-albicans candida (nac) species in elderly outpatients. materials and methods: we investigated oral rinse samples of 194 self-caring elderly population (mean age 83 years) with emphasis on background factors for harbouring nac. susceptibility of candida species ... | 2010 | 20609005 |
| molecular mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in laboratory mutants of candida glabrata. | resistance to 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) has been poorly investigated in the yeast candida glabrata. this study was conducted on laboratory mutants obtained by exposure of a wild-type isolate to 5-fc. based on their susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), two of these mutants were selected for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of 5-fc resistance. one mutant, resistant to both compounds, exhibited a missense mutation in the gene coding the cytosine deaminase and a decrease in the express ... | 2011 | 20617462 |
| application of an oligonucleotide microarray-based nano-amplification technique for the detection of fungal pathogens. | the traditional techniques for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory need improvement. these techniques are prone to delay results due to their time-consuming process, or result in misidentification of the fungus due to low sensitivity or low specificity. the aim of this study was to develop a method for the rapid detection and identification of fungal pathogens. | 2010 | 20618094 |
| disseminate fungal infection after acute pancreatitis in a simultaneous pancreas-kidney recipient. | fungal infections after kidney transplantation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and candida infection of the pancreas is considered an infrequent but important agent in necrotizing pancreatitis. we report the case of a 43-year-old caucasian patient who underwent simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation because of diabetes type i, and chronic renal failure with peritoneal dialysis. the postoperative course was complicated by acute pancreatitis due to the thrombosis of the splenic ... | 2010 | 20628506 |
| comparative evaluation of the vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test and clsi broth microdilution reference method for testing antifungal susceptibility of invasive fungal isolates in italy: the gisia3 study. | the newly available ast-ys01 vitek 2 cards were evaluated, and the results were compared with those obtained by the clsi m27-a2 microdilution reference method. clinical fungal isolates, including 614 isolates of candida spp., 10 cryptococcus neoformans isolates, 1 geotrichum capitatum isolate, and 2 quality control strains, were tested for their susceptibilities to amphotericin b, fluconazole, and voriconazole using both methods. the majority of fungal isolates were susceptible to all antifungal ... | 2010 | 20631105 |
| identification of fungemia agents using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | prompt and specific identification of fungemia agents is important in order to define clinical treatment. however, in most cases conventional culture identification can be considered to be time-consuming and not without errors. the aim of the present study was to identify the following fungemia agents: candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, and histoplasma capsulatum using the polymerase chain reaction and restr ... | 2010 | 20640387 |
| [bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by candida glabrata: an exceptional entity]. | acute emphysematous pyelonephritis (aep) is a severe form of urinary tract infection. it occurs usually in diabetics. the most concerned agents are the gram-negative bacilli. we report a first case of bilateral aep due to candida glabrata, occurred in a 64-year-old diabetic woman. the clinical presentation started with fever and abdominal pains, without signs of urinary tract infection. within six hours, the patient had developed a septic shock with renal failure and ketoacidosis. the diagnosis ... | 2010 | 20650696 |
| evolutionary divergence in the fungal response to fluconazole revealed by soft clustering. | fungal infections are an emerging health risk, especially those involving yeast that are resistant to antifungal agents. to understand the range of mechanisms by which yeasts can respond to anti-fungals, we compared gene expression patterns across three evolutionarily distant species - saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida glabrata and kluyveromyces lactis - over time following fluconazole exposure. | 2010 | 20653936 |
| epidemiology of opportunistic fungal infections in latin america. | this review discusses the epidemiology of the most clinically relevant opportunistic fungal infections in latin america, including candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis, aspergillosis, and fusariosis. the epidemiologic features, including incidence, of some of these mycoses are markedly different in latin america than they are in other parts of the world. the most consistent epidemiologic data are available for candidemia, with a large prospective study in brazil reporting an incidence t ... | 2010 | 20658942 |
| dual candidemia detected by nested polymerase chain reaction in two critically ill children. | the use of improved microbiological procedures associated with molecular techniques has increased the identification of candida bloodstream infections, even if the isolation of more than one species by culture methods remains uncommon. we report the cases of two children presenting with severe gastrointestinal disorders and other risk factors that contribute to candida infections. in the first patient, c. albicans dna was initially detected by a nested-amplification and c. tropicalis was found l ... | 2010 | 20662631 |
| evaluation of species distribution and risk factors of candidemia: a multicenter case-control study. | this study was planned to determine the risk factors of candidemia, and the most common candida species causing bloodstream infections. a case-control study which included adult patients was conducted over a 1-year period at tertiary-care educational hospitals in turkey. a total of 83 candidemia episodes were identified during the study period. candida albicans was the most common species recovered (45.8%) followed by candida tropicalis (24.1%) candida parapsilosis (14.5%) and candida glabrata w ... | 2011 | 20662635 |
| in vitro activity of isavuconazole against 140 reference fungal strains and 165 clinically isolated yeasts from japan. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 140 laboratory reference strains of fungi, including type strains, and 165 clinical yeast isolates from japan towards isavuconazole compared with fluconazole (flc), itraconazole (itc), voriconazole and amphotericin b were measured. broth microdilution methods based on clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) methods were used for yeasts, and rpmi-mops medium semi-solidified with 0.2% low-melting-point agarose based on clsi guidelines was used for moulds ... | 2010 | 20674282 |
| subtelomeric silencing of the mtl3 locus of candida glabrata requires yku70, yku80, and rif1 proteins. | candida glabrata is a haploid opportunistic fungal pathogen that is phylogenetically related to saccharomyces cerevisiae. even though c. glabrata has no known sexual cycle, it contains, like s. cerevisiae, three mating type-like loci (mtl) called mtl1, mtl2, and mtl3, as well as most of the genes required for mating, meiosis, and sporulation. mtl1 is localized at an internal position on chromosome b and is thought to be the locus corresponding to the mat locus in s. cerevisiae. mtl2 and mtl3 are ... | 2010 | 20675581 |
| are disk diffusion and etest methods reliable for detecting candida glabrata and other species' susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole? | | 2010 | 20685635 |
| oral candidal colonization in cleft patients as a function of age, gender, surgery, type of cleft, and oral health. | to assess the colonization rate of oral candida species and the influence of age, gender, oral health status, number of surgeries, and type of cleft. | 2011 | 20691530 |
| fluconazole susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity of oral candida albicans colonies from the patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy in china. | to identify heterogeneity of candida albicans (c. albicans) isolated from the population with cancer in china by using identification medium, subculture molecular typing, and antifungal susceptibility test. | 2009 | 20695081 |
| nocapyrones a-d, gamma-pyrones from a nocardiopsis strain isolated from the marine sponge halichondria panicea. | four new gamma-pyrones, nocapyrones a-d (1-4), were isolated from an organic extract of the nocardiopsis strain hb383, which was isolated from the marine sponge halichondria panicea. these are the first gamma-pyrones reported from a nocardiopsis strain. the structures were elucidated on the basis of one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments and supported by hplc-uv/ms and hresims analyses. the biosynthesis of nocapyrone a was investigated by feeding experiments with (13)c-labeled compounds. in ad ... | 2010 | 20695474 |
| [evaluation of antifungal activity of mitracarpus scaber, a rubiaceae misca codified on candida glabrata]. | | 2010 | 20699084 |
| candida glabrata: etiologic agent of soft tissue abscess in a diabetic patient. | | 2010 | 20699547 |
| synthesis of novel naphthyl substituted fused indazolonols as potent anticandidal agents. | a new series of naphthyl substituted indazolonols 15-21 were synthesized and characterized by their melting point, elemental analysis, ms, ft-ir, one-dimensional 1h, d2o exchanged 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopic data. | 2010 | 20707284 |
| is age a risk factor for candida glabrata colonisation? | summary studies have reported that candida glabrata infections are more common in older adults. we sought to determine colonisation rates of c. glabrata in the oral cavity and its relationship with age, comorbid illnesses and hospital or extended care facility stay. samples were obtained from four sites in the oral cavity and from dentures, when available, from 408 subjects from the community (136), hospital (126) or an extended care facility (146). overall, 219 (53.7%) subjects were colonised w ... | 2010 | 20707848 |
| epidemiology of invasive candidiasis. | this review covers candidaemia in numbers, susceptibility issues, host groups, risk factors and outcome. | 2010 | 20711075 |
| novel acid phosphatase in candida glabrata suggests selective pressure and niche specialization in the phosphate signal transduction pathway. | evolution through natural selection suggests unnecessary genes are lost. we observed that the yeast candida glabrata lost the gene encoding a phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase (pho5) present in many yeasts including saccharomyces cerevisiae. however, c. glabrata still had phosphate starvation-inducible phosphatase activity. screening a c. glabrata genomic library, we identified cgpmu2, a member of a three-gene family that contains a phosphomutase-like domain. this small-scale gene duplicati ... | 2010 | 20739710 |
| rna polymerase i contains a tfiif-related dna-binding subcomplex. | the eukaryotic rna polymerases pol i, ii, and iii use different promoters to transcribe different classes of genes. promoter usage relies on initiation factors, including tfiif and tfiie, in the case of pol ii. here, we show that the pol i-specific subunits a49 and a34.5 form a subcomplex that binds dna and is related to tfiif and tfiie. the n-terminal regions of a49 and a34.5 form a dimerization module that stimulates polymerase-intrinsic rna cleavage and has a fold that resembles the tfiif cor ... | 2010 | 20797630 |
| mutational analysis of flucytosine resistance in candida glabrata. | the antifungal flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine [5fc]) is a prodrug metabolized to its toxic form, 5-fluorouracil (5fu), only by organisms expressing cytosine deaminase. one such organism is candida glabrata, which has emerged as the second most common agent of bloodstream and mucosal candidiasis. this emergence has been attributed to the high rate at which c. glabrata develops resistance to azole antifungals. as an oral agent, 5fc represents an attractive alternative or complement to azoles; howev ... | 2010 | 20823283 |
| recognition of yeast by murine macrophages requires mannan but not glucan. | the first barrier against infection by candida albicans involves fungal recognition and destruction by phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. it is well established that interactions between different phagocyte receptors and components of the fungal cell wall trigger phagocytosis and subsequent immune responses, but the fungal ligands mediating the initial stage of recognition have not been identified. here, we describe a novel assay for fungal recognition and uptake by macrophages which ... | 2010 | 20833894 |
| fks mutations and elevated echinocandin mic values among candida glabrata isolates from u.s. population-based surveillance. | candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia in the united states. its high-level resistance to triazole antifungal drugs has led to the increased use of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents for primary therapy of these infections. we monitored c. glabrata bloodstream isolates from a population-based surveillance study for elevated echinocandin mic values (mics of ≥0.25 μg/ml). from the 490 c. glabrata isolates that were screened, we identified 16 isolates with an elevated m ... | 2010 | 20837754 |
| candida glabrata complicating in vitro pregnancy: successful management of subsequent pregnancy. | to report the occurrence of candida glabrata chorioamnionitis complicating an in vitro fertilization (ivf) pregnancy. | 2011 | 20840882 |
| multilocus microsatellite markers for molecular typing of candida glabrata: application to analysis of genetic relationships between bloodstream and digestive system isolates. | candida glabrata has emerged as the second most common etiologic agent, after candida albicans, of superficial and invasive candidiasis in adults. strain typing is essential for epidemiological investigation, but easy-to-use and reliable typing methods are still lacking. we report the use of a multilocus microsatellite typing method with a set of eight markers on a panel of 180 strains, including 136 blood isolates from hospitalized patients and 34 digestive tract isolates from nonhospitalized p ... | 2010 | 20844221 |
| antifungal activity of posaconazole against candida spp. and non-candida clinical yeasts isolates. | the in vitro antifungal activity of posaconazole was tested against 315 yeast clinical isolates and 11 atcc reference strains by means an agar diffusion method (neosensitabs, rosco,denmark) based in clsi m44-a2 document. posaconazole activity was excellent against cryptococcus and rhodotorula species studied and showed very good activity against most species of candida tested. a total of 13 clinical isolates (4.1%) were resistant: candida albicans (n=5), candida glabrata (n=5), candida tropicali ... | 2010 | 20844842 |
| from saccharomyces cerevisiae to candida glabratain a few easy steps: important adaptations for an opportunistic pathogen. | the opportunistic human fungal pathogen candida glabrata is closely related to saccharomyces cerevisiae, yet it has evolved to survive within mammalian hosts. which traits help c. glabrata to adapt to this different environment? which specific responses are crucial for its survival in the host? the main differences seem to include an extended repertoire of adhesin genes, high drug resistance, an enhanced ability to sustain prolonged starvation and adaptations of the transcriptional wiring of key ... | 2011 | 20846362 |
| variation in candida spp. distribution and antifungal resistance rates among bloodstream infection isolates by patient age: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2008-2009). | the variation in candida spp. causing bloodstream infection (bsi) and the frequency of resistance to fluconazole by patient age have been previously described. however, similar data have been shown for neither the echinocandins nor the newer triazoles. we analyzed the 24-h reference mic data from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program to compare the antifungal resistance profiles and species distribution of candida bsi isolates according to patient age. mic results were obtained for anidu ... | 2010 | 20846808 |
| isolation of candida species is an important clue for suspecting gastrointestinal tract perforation as a cause of empyema. | empyema due to candida species is a rare entity, and the significance of isolation of candida species from the pleural effusion is not fully understood. | 2010 | 20847498 |
| prior colonisation with candida species fails to guide empirical therapy for candidaemia in critically ill adults. | pre-emptive fluconazole (fcz) anti-fungal therapy is often based upon candida colonisation of at least 2 non-contiguous non-sterile sites. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between candidaemia and prior colonisation of non-sterile sites. | 2010 | 20849877 |
| analysis of candida glabrata strains with reduced sensitivity to micafungin in vitro isolated from a patient with persistent candidemia. | we report the appearance of candida glabrata strains with reduced sensitivity during treatment with the echinocandin drug micafungin (mcf). four c. glabrata strains were isolated from sputum, gastric juice, and blood taken from a patient during hospitalization. two of these strains, one of which was obtained after treatment with mcf for suspected candida pneumonia and the other of which was obtained during mcf treatment for candidemia, were isolated from blood and found to have a reduced suscept ... | 2010 | 20858999 |
| [mycological analysis of clinical materials of patients receiving total parenteral nutrition]. | the most frequent etiological factors of fungal infections in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (tpn) belong to candida genus of the yeastlike fungi. in the tpn patients the several infectious complications can develop: venous catheter infection, catheter candidemia (fungemia), fungal endocarditis or fungal ophtalmitis. the capability of hydrolytic (proteolytic, lipolytic) enzymes secretion as well as biofilm formation on artificial surfaces are the most important factors of fungal s ... | 2010 | 20873489 |
| improved atp supply enhances acid tolerance of candida glabrata during pyruvic acid production. | a major problem in industrial fermentation of organic acids with micro-organisms is to ensure a suitable ph in the culture broth. to circumvent this problem, we investigated the effect of citrate, which is a widely used auxiliary energy co-substrate, on cell growth, organic acid production and ph homeostasis among extracellular environment, cytoplasm and vacuole, in the pyruvic acid production by candida glabrata cctcc m202019 under different ph conditions. | 2010 | 20880146 |
| cx3cl1 expression induced by candida albicans in oral fibroblasts. | oral fibroblasts as well as keratinocytes are thought to influence host inflammatory responses against candida albicans. however, little is known about chemokine expressions in oral fibroblasts against c. albicans infection. we therefore examined whether c. albicans induced several chemokines including fractalkine/cx3cl1 (cx3cl1), a unique chemokine that has properties of both chemoattractants and adhesion molecules, in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. the addition of c. albicans live cells to hum ... | 2010 | 20880200 |
| candida bracarensis bloodstream infection in an immunocompromised patient. | candida bracarensis is a recently described candida species which is phenotypically similar to candida glabrata. a case of c. bracarensis bloodstream infection in a bone marrow transplant patient is described and confirms this organism as an opportunistic human pathogen. the organism can be distinguished from c. glabrata by its white color on chromagar and by dna sequence analysis using d1/d2 and internal transcribed spacer (its) primers. | 2010 | 20881164 |
| accelerating glycolytic flux of torulopsis glabrata cctcc m202019 at high oxidoreduction potential created using potassium ferricyanide. | this study aimed to increase the glycolytic flux of the multivitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata by redirecting nadh oxidation from oxidative phosphorylation to membrane-bound ferric reductase. we added potassium ferricyanide as electron acceptor to t. glabrata culture broth at 20% dissolved oxygen (do) concentration, which resulted in: (1) decreases in the nadh content, nadh/nad(+) ratio, and atp level of 45.3%, 60.3%, and 15.2%, respectively; (2) high activities of the key glycolytic ... | 2010 | 20886645 |
| isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern united states. | reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. in this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states. a total of 339 and 491 isolates from charleston, sc (chs) and indian river ... | 2010 | 20888150 |
| chimeras between c. glabrata cnh1 and s. cerevisiae nha1 na+/h+-antiporters are functional proteins increasing the salt tolerance of yeast cells. | the transport activity and substrate specificity of two chimeras consisting of s. cerevisiae nha1p's n-terminal regions (either first 125 or 184 aa) and the rest of the c. glabrata cnh1p (up to the total protein length of 946 aa) were compared with those of the two native antiporters. both chimeric transporters were functional upon expression in s. cerevisiae cells, their presence improved the ability of cells to grow in the presence of high external concentration of k(+), na(+) or rb(+) (as chl ... | 2010 | 20941577 |
| cnh1 na(+) /h(+) antiporter and ena1 na(+) -atpase play different roles in cation homeostasis and cell physiology of candida glabrata. | yeasts tightly regulate their intracellular concentrations of alkali metal cations. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nha1 na(+) /h(+) -antiporter and ena1 na(+) -atpase, mediate the efflux of toxic sodium and surplus potassium. we report the characterization of candida glabrata cgcnh1 and cgena1 homologues. their substrate specificity and transport properties were compared upon expression in s. cerevisiae, and their function characterized directly in c. glabrata. the cgcnh1 antiporter and the cg ... | 2010 | 20942808 |
| improved clinical laboratory identification of human pathogenic yeasts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | clin microbiol infect abstract: the key to therapeutic success with yeast infections is an early onset of antifungal treatment with an appropriate drug regimen. to do this, yeast species identification is necessary, but conventional biochemical and morphological approaches are time-consuming. the recent arrival of biophysical methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), in routine diagnostic laboratories holds the promise of signif ... | 2010 | 20946411 |
| identification of a passiflora alata curtis dimeric peptide showing identity with 2s albumins. | antifungal proteins and peptides, essential compounds for plant defense, have been isolated from several tissues of various plants. these proteins could be used as a natural alternative to control phytopathogenic fungi. in this report a heterodimeric antifungal protein named pa-afp1, showing higher identity with the 2s albumin family, was purified by using 70-100% ammonium sulfate saturation and further purification steps such as anionic exchange q-sepharose chromatography associated with hplc r ... | 2010 | 20955745 |
| in vitro activity of fluconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates of candida spp. by e-test method. | the in vitro susceptibility of clinical candida isolates towards fluconazole and voriconazole was determined using the e-test method. a total of 41 clinical isolates recovered from patients since 2004 until 2009 from two local hospitals in kuala lumpur, malaysia were used. these comprised candida tropicalis, candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida rugosa, candida dubliniensis and candida glabrata. strains from american type culture collection were used as quality control. ... | 2010 | 20962716 |
| glutathione biosynthesis in the yeast pathogens candida glabrata and candida albicans: essential in c. glabrata, and essential for virulence in c. albicans. | redox pathways play a key role in pathogenesis. glutathione, a central molecule in redox homeostasis in yeasts, is an essential metabolite, but its requirements can be met either from endogenous biosynthesis or from the extracellular milieu. in this report we have examined the importance of glutathione biosynthesis in two major human opportunistic fungal pathogens, candida albicans and candida glabrata. as the genome sequence of c. glabrata had suggested the absence of glutathione transporters, ... | 2010 | 20966090 |
| domain organization in candida glabrata thi6, a bifunctional enzyme required for thiamin biosynthesis in eukaryotes. | thi6 is a bifunctional enzyme found in the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in eukaryotes. the n-terminal domain of thi6 catalyzes the ligation of the thiamin thiazole and pyrimidine moieties to form thiamin phosphate, and the c-terminal domain catalyzes the phosphorylation of 4-methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole in a salvage pathway. in prokaryotes, thiamin phosphate synthase and 4-methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole kinase are separate gene products. here we report the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic ... | 2010 | 20968298 |
| coevolution within a transcriptional network by compensatory trans and cis mutations. | transcriptional networks have been shown to evolve very rapidly, prompting questions as to how such changes arise and are tolerated. recent comparisons of transcriptional networks across species have implicated variations in the cis-acting dna sequences near genes as the main cause of divergence. what is less clear is how these changes interact with trans-acting changes occurring elsewhere in the genetic circuit. here, we report the discovery of a system of compensatory trans and cis mutations i ... | 2010 | 20978140 |
| candida glabrata spinal osteomyelitis. | invasive disease caused by candida spp. is being appreciated with increased frequency especially associated with widespread use of immunosuppressive drug therapy. we report a case of spinal osteomyelitis and epidural abscess caused by candida glabrata occurring in a patient who had been diagnosed with candidemia 3 months before that patient was treated with fluconazole. the infection was successfully treated with amphotericin b, but the patient eventually required surgical intervention for spond ... | 2011 | 21030857 |
| epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidosis in sfax, tunisia. | vulvovaginal candidosis (vvc) is a common infection of the female genital tract affecting 75% women at least once in their lifetime. the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and potential risk factors associated with vvc and recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (rvvc). a prospective study of women with vaginitis symptoms was conducted over 2 years in the regional clinic of population and family education in sfax. a discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the association between the i ... | 2010 | 21039942 |
| [investigation of antifungal activity of ononis spinosa l. ash used for the therapy of skin infections as folk remedies]. | traditional folk remedies used for centuries come up focus of interest in recent years, due to the trend of use of herb-derived natural products. in addition, increasing morbidity and mortality rates of opportunistic fungal infections and accelerating antifungal resistance rates of fungi lead to the use of alternative therapies with herb-derived preparations as novel antifungals. ononis spinosa l. (spiny restharrow), which is classified in leguminosae family, is one of the plants used in herbal ... | 2010 | 21063975 |
| fungicidal activity of human lactoferrin-derived peptides based on the antimicrobial αβ region. | owing to the increasing number of infections in hospitalised patients caused by resistant strains of fungi, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents for these infections. naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides may constitute models for developing such agents. a modified peptide sequence (cfqwkramrkvr; hlopt2) based on amino acid residues 20-31 of the n-terminal end of human lactoferrin (hlf) as well as a double-sized human lactoferricin-like peptide (amino acid residues 16-40; hlbd1 ... | 2010 | 21075607 |
| changing epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in 11 teaching hospitals in taiwan between 1993 and 2006. | healthcare-associated infections, formerly known as nosocomial infections, are one of the most important issues in current practice. understanding trends in overall infection rates, as well as their incidence and proportion among different causative organisms, can help us to better define our infection control methods and therapy goals. to understand the changing epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections (bsi) in taiwan, we retrospectively collected nosocomial infection data from 11 hosp ... | 2010 | 21075709 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4-disubstituted-1,3-thiazoles as anti-candida spp. agents. | a new series of [4-(4'-substituted-phenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazine derivatives were synthesized in good yield (86-99%) and characterized by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, and mass spectral studies. the compounds were assayed for their in vitro broad-spectrum antifungal activity, compared to clotrimazole and fluconazole, against 20 clinical isolates of pathogenic candida spp., representing five different species. the results showed that the presence of heterocyclic or bicyclic rings on hydrazone ... | 2010 | 21084135 |
| proteomic analysis of cytosolic proteins associated with petite mutations in candida glabrata. | the incidence of superficial or deep-seated infections due to candida glabrata has increased markedly, probably because of the low intrinsic susceptibility of this microorganism to azole antifungals and its relatively high propensity to acquire azole resistance. to determine changes in the c. glabrata proteome associated with petite mutations, cytosolic extracts from an azole-resistant petite mutant of c. glabrata induced by exposure to ethidium bromide, and from its azole-susceptible parent iso ... | 2010 | 21085892 |
| diverse role of microbially bioconverted product of cabbage (brassica oleracea) by pseudomonas syringe pv. t1 on inhibiting candida species. | this study was carried out to evaluate the anticandidal effects of bioconverted product, obtained from the microbial conversion of cabbage (brassica oleracea) by a bacterial strain pseudomonas syringe pv. t1 (ps-t1) against various isolates of candida species. the diameters of zones of inhibition of bioconverted product of cabbage (10 μl, corresponding to 500 μg/disc) against candida albicans kacc 30003 and 30062, candida geochares kacc 30061, candida saitoana kacc 41238 and candida glabrata p00 ... | 2010 | 21093524 |
| essential oil composition of leaves of stachys yemenensis obtained by supercritical co₂. | this article reports the composition of the essential oil from the leaves of stachys yemenensis. the essential oil was extracted by supercritical co₂ (90 bar; 40 °c) and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major components of the sample were α-phellandrene (13.9%), β-phellandrene (11.7%), elemol (12.0%), spathulenol (6.7%), β-eudesmol (5.0%), α-eudesmol (4.75%) and squalene (4.8%). on the exhausted matrix, deprived of the vo ... | 2010 | 21104527 |
| eutypoids b-e produced by a penicillium sp. strain from the north sea. | crude extracts of the penicillium sp. strain kf620 isolated from the north sea showed antimicrobial activities against xanthomonas campestris and candida glabrata. purification of the extracts led to the isolation of the new aromatic butenolides eutypoids b (1), c (2), d (3), and e (4). their structures were elucidated by nmr spectroscopy and supported by hresims and uv data. the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts was due to the presence of the known diketopiperazine fellutanine (cyclo ... | 2010 | 21126094 |
| antifungal activity of the honeybee products against candida spp. and trichosporon spp. | honeybee products (honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of 40 yeast strains of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei, and trichosporon spp. the broth microdilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of honeybee products against yeasts. fluconazole was selected as the antifungal control agent. using the broth microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentration ranges with regard to all isolates were 5-80% ( ... | 2010 | 21128826 |
| a yeast cell-based system for screening candida glabrata multidrug resistance reversal agents and selection of loss-of-function pdr1 mutants. | in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata, multidrug resistance is associated with the overexpression of drug efflux pumps caused by gain-of-function mutations in the cgpdr1 gene. cgpdr1p transcription factor, which activates the expression of several drug efflux transporter genes, is considered to be a promising target for compounds sensitizing the multidrug-resistant yeast cells. here, we describe a cell-based screening system for detecting the inhibitory activity of compounds interfering with ... | 2010 | 21129149 |
| regulation of the cgpdr1 transcription factor from the pathogen candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is an opportunistic human pathogen that is increasingly associated with candidemia, owing in part to the intrinsic and acquired high tolerance the organism exhibits for the important clinical antifungal drug fluconazole. this elevated fluconazole resistance often develops through gain-of-function mutations in the zinc cluster-containing transcriptional regulator c. glabrata pdr1 (cgpdr1). cgpdr1 induces the expression of an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter-encoding gene, c ... | 2010 | 21131438 |
| overcoming the heterologous bias: an in vivo functional analysis of multidrug efflux transporter, cgcdr1p in matched pair clinical isolates of candida glabrata. | we have taken advantage of the natural milieu of matched pair of azole sensitive (as) and azole resistant (ar) clinical isolates of candida glabrata for expressing its major abc multidrug transporter, cgcdr1p for structure and functional analysis. this was accomplished by tagging a green fluorescent protein (gfp) downstream of orf of cgcdr1 and integrating the resultant fusion protein at its native chromosomal locus in as and ar backgrounds. the characterization confirmed that in comparison to a ... | 2010 | 21134356 |
| bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic management of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit. | candida is one of the most frequent pathogens in bloodstream infections, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the epidemiology of species responsible for invasive candidiasis, both at local and worldwide levels, has been changing - shifting from candida albicans to non-albicans species, which can be resistant to fluconazole (candida krusei and candida glabrata) or difficult to eradicate because of biofilm production (candida parapsilosis). numerous intensive care unit pati ... | 2010 | 21144007 |
| overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in trichoderma brevicompactum. | trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from fusarium spp. trichodiene synthase catalyses the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and it is encoded by the tri5 gene that was cloned and analysed functionally by homologous overexpression in t. brevicompactum. tri5 expression was up-regulated in media with glucose, h(2)o(2) or glycero ... | 2010 | 21145409 |
| echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus fumigatus: application of new clsi clinical breakpoints and epidemiologic cutoff values to characterize resistance in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2009). | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program monitors global susceptibility and resistance rates for newer and established antifungal agents. the echinocandins displayed excellent potency against both candida spp. and aspergillus fumigatus in 2009 samples. using the new clinical and laboratory standards institute breakpoint values for the echinocandins when testing candida spp., we demonstrate low but measurable rates of resistance to all 3 echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafun ... | 2011 | 21146713 |
| [onychomycosis-causing yeasts in four mexican dermatology centers and their antifungal susceptibility to azolic compounds]. | yeasts represent the second cause of nail fungal infection in the world, and candida albicans and candida parapsilosis are the two most common species. | 2010 | 21147249 |
| outcomes with micafungin in patients with candidaemia or invasive candidiasis due to candida glabrata and candida krusei. | infection with candida glabrata and candida krusei represents a major challenge. we sought to describe outcomes for patients with candidaemia/invasive candidiasis (c/ic) due to these pathogens who were treated with micafungin. | 2010 | 21147825 |
| fks2 mutations associated with decreased echinocandin susceptibility of candida glabrata following anidulafungin therapy. | this is the first case report of candida glabrata-disseminated candidiasis describing the acquisition of echinocandin resistance following anidulafungin treatment. the initial isolates recovered were susceptible to echinocandins. however, during 27 days of anidulafungin treatment, two resistant strains were isolated (from the blood and peritoneal fluid). the resistant peritoneal fluid isolate exhibited a ser663pro mutation in position 1987 of fks2 hs1 (hot spot 1), whereas the resistant blood is ... | 2010 | 21149621 |
| regulation of candida glabrata oxidative stress resistance is adapted to host environment. | the human fungal pathogen candida glabrata is related to saccharomyces cerevisiae but has developed high resistance against reactive oxygen species. we find that induction of conserved genes encoding antioxidant functions is dependent on the transcription factors cgyap1 and cgskn7 which cooperate for promoter recognition. superoxide stress resistance of c. glabrata is provided by superoxide dismutase cgsod1, which is not dependent on cgyap1/skn7. only double mutants lacking both cgsod1 and cgyap ... | 2010 | 21156173 |
| candida glabrata and candida albicans co-infection of an in vitro oral epithelium. | candida albicans is regarded as the leading of candidosis. however, candida glabrata has emerged as an important pathogen of oral mucosa, occurring both singly or in mixed species infections, often with c. albicans. compared with c. albicans, little is known about the role of c. glabrata in oral infection. the aim of this study was to examine single and mixed species infection of oral epithelium involving c. glabrata and establish its ability to invade and damage tissue. | 2010 | 21158929 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial activity and structure-activity relationship study of n,n-dibenzyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives. | we report herein synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of n,n-dibenzyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives. in order to study the structure-activity relationship of substituted dibenzyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives, 44 structurally diverse compounds were synthesized and tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. among them, compounds 17-20, 26, 37, 38 were found to be more active than tetracycline with mic value ranging 0.0005-0.032 μg/ml and no hemolysis ... | 2010 | 21163555 |
| in vitro evaluation of antibiotic lock technique for the treatment of candida albicans, c. glabrata, and c. tropicalis biofilms. | candidaemia associated with intravascular catheter-associated infections is of great concern due to the resulting high morbidity and mortality. the antibiotic lock technique (alt) was previously introduced to treat catheter-associated bacterial infections without removal of catheter. so far, the efficacy of alt against candida infections has not been rigorously evaluated. we investigated in vitro activity of alt against candida biofilms formed by c. albicans, c. glabrata, and c. tropicalis using ... | 2010 | 21165285 |
| echinocandin antifungal drugs in fungal infections: a comparison. | this review compares the pharmacology, spectrum of antifungal activity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, safety and clinical efficacy of the three licensed echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin. echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of 1,3-β-d-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, and represent a valuable treatment option for fungal infections. the echinocandins exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity against candida species, incl ... | 2011 | 21175238 |
| clinical microbiology of neonatal candidiasis in hungary. | the occurrence of candida spp. was investigated during a three-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, budapest, hungary. the species distribution among the 41 analysed cases was the following: c. albicans (30/41, 73%), c. parapsilosis (10/41, 24%) and c. glabrata (1/41, 3%). all of the isolates were susceptible to the tested drugs. there was a significant difference in the birth weight, the gestational age <30 weeks and the occurrence of caesarean section between the c. albicans and t ... | 2010 | 21183426 |
| genomewide expression profile analysis of the candida glabrata pdr1 regulon. | the abc transporters candida glabrata cdr1 (cgcdr1), cgpdh1, and cgsnq2 are known to mediate azole resistance in the pathogenic fungus c. glabrata. activating mutations in cgpdr1, a zinc cluster transcription factor, result in constitutive upregulation of these abc transporter genes but to various degrees. we examined the genomewide gene expression profiles of two matched azole-susceptible and -resistant c. glabrata clinical isolate pairs. of the differentially expressed genes identified in the ... | 2010 | 21193550 |
| efficacy of denture cleansers on candida spp. biofilm formed on polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate resins. | although new materials have emerged as options to fabricate removable dental prostheses, the development of candida biofilms on these materials and the effectiveness of methods to control these pathogenic biofilms are poorly understood. | 2011 | 21194588 |