| [localized oral histoplasmosis: report of one case]. | histoplasmosis is an endemic deep mycosis produced by histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. it penetrates into the organism by inhalation and spreads by lymphatic or hematic route. we report a 57-year-old immunocompetent male presenting with an enlargement of the tongue that also exhibited white pseudomembranes. there were also nodular lesions in the dorsum of the tongue, separated by deep grooves. the pathological study revealed a chronic inflammatory process with granulomas. the microbio ... | 2010 | 20668814 |
| in vitro activity of isavuconazole against 140 reference fungal strains and 165 clinically isolated yeasts from japan. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 140 laboratory reference strains of fungi, including type strains, and 165 clinical yeast isolates from japan towards isavuconazole compared with fluconazole (flc), itraconazole (itc), voriconazole and amphotericin b were measured. broth microdilution methods based on clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) methods were used for yeasts, and rpmi-mops medium semi-solidified with 0.2% low-melting-point agarose based on clsi guidelines was used for moulds ... | 2010 | 20674282 |
| prp8 intein in ajellomycetaceae family pathogens: sequence analysis, splicing evaluation and homing endonuclease activity. | inteins are intervening sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking host protein sequences and then self-excised by protein splicing. bi-functional inteins also contain a homing endonuclease responsible for their genetic mobility. the prp8 intein, the most widespread among fungi, occurs in important pathogens such as histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, from the ajellomycetaceae family. herein, we describe the bi-functional prp8 intein in two other ajellomyce ... | 2011 | 20682355 |
| high diversity of polyketide synthase genes and the melanin biosynthesis gene cluster in penicillium marneffei. | despite the unique phenotypic properties and clinical importance of penicillium marneffei, the polyketide synthase genes in its genome have never been characterized. twenty-three putative polyketide synthase genes and two putative polyketide synthase nonribosomal peptide-synthase hybrid genes were identified in the p. marneffei genome, a diversity much higher than found in other pathogenic thermal dimorphic fungi, such as histoplasma capsulatum (one polyketide synthase gene) and coccidioides imm ... | 2010 | 20718860 |
| metallomic analysis of macrophages infected with histoplasma capsulatum reveals a fundamental role for zinc in host defenses. | the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum evades the innate and adaptive immune responses and thrives within resting macrophages. cytokines that induce antimicrobial activity, such as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf), inhibit h. capsulatum growth in macrophages. conversely, interleukin 4 inhibits the killing of intracellular pathogens. using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we examined alterations in the metal homeostasis of murine h. capsulatum-infected ma ... | 2010 | 20731582 |
| octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, in the treatment of chylothorax associated with idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis. | fibrosing mediastinitis (fm) is a rare benign disorder that is characterized by excessive fibrotic reactions in the mediastinum. fm is associated with various diseases, including histoplasma capsulatum infection and igg4-related disease, and may compromise the airways, great vessels, and other mediastinal structures. chylothorax is not a common manifestation of fm, and there is no standard treatment for fm or chylothorax. recently, however, somatostatin and octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, w ... | 2010 | 20814178 |
| molecular characterization of histoplasma capsulatum isolated from an outbreak in treasure hunters histoplasma capsulatum in treasure hunters. | in mexico, primary pulmonary histoplasmosis is the most relevant clinical form of the disease. the geographical distribution of specific strains of histoplasma capsulatum circulating in mexico has not been fully established. outbreaks must be reported in order to have current, updated information on this disease, identifying new endemic areas, manner of exposure to the fungi, and molecular characterization of the causative agents. we report a recent outbreak of histoplasmosis in treasure hunters ... | 2010 | 20825675 |
| generation of il-23 producing dendritic cells (dcs) by airborne fungi regulates fungal pathogenicity via the induction of t(h)-17 responses. | interleukin-17 (il-17) producing t helper cells (t(h)-17) comprise a newly recognized t cell subset with an emerging role in adaptive immunity to a variety of fungi. whether different airborne fungi trigger a common signaling pathway for t(h)-17 induction, and whether this ability is related to the inherent pathogenic behavior of each fungus is currently unknown. here we show that, as opposed to primary pathogenic fungi (histoplasma capsulatum), opportunistic fungal pathogens (aspergillus and rh ... | 2010 | 20886035 |
| histoplasma capsulatum prosthetic valve endocarditis with negative fungal blood cultures and negative histoplasma antigen assay in an immunocompetent patient. | we report a case of histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis in which histoplasma antigen assay and fungal blood cultures were negative. the diagnosis was made by microscopic examination and culture of the excised valve. histoplasma capsulatum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of culture-negative endocarditis in regions where it is endemic and in travelers. | 2010 | 20926709 |
| cutaneous histoplasmosis in aids. | a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection presented with multiple cutaneous lesions on upper extremities, trunk, face and with ulcers involving oral mucosa. histoplasma capsulatum was isolated in culture from scrapings from both cutaneous as well as oral mucosal lesions. the patient responded well initially to the treatment with amphotericin b followed by itraconazole; however, lesions recurred after three months with the further deterioration of immune status of the patient in ... | 2010 | 20966584 |
| in vitro susceptibility of histoplasma capsulatum to therapeutic agents. | | 1946 | 21013782 |
| the yeast-phase virulence requirement for α-glucan synthase differs among histoplasma capsulatum chemotypes. | histoplasma capsulatum strains can be classified into two chemotypes based on cell wall composition. the cell wall of chemotype ii yeast contains a layer of α-(1,3)-glucan that masks immunostimulatory β-(1,3)-glucans from detection by the dectin-1 receptor on host phagocytes. this α-(1,3)-glucan cell wall component is essential for chemotype ii histoplasma virulence. in contrast, chemotype i yeast cells lack α-(1,3)-glucan in vitro, yet they remain fully virulent in vivo. analysis of the chemoty ... | 2010 | 21037179 |
| dendritic cells restrict the transformation of histoplasma capsulatum conidia into yeasts. | infections due to histoplasma capsulatum occur as a result of the inhalation of airborne microconidia of the mold into the alveoli of the lungs. in this study we quantified the transformation over time of conidia into yeast-like cells within macrophages (mφ) and dendritic cells (dc). conidia from strain g217b which had been surface labeled with carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse), or conidia from strain g217b that expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp) only in the yeast phase, were ... | 2010 | 21039309 |
| rupioid histoplasmosis: first case reported in an aids patient in argentina. | disseminated histoplasmosis is a relatively common aids-defining illness, occurring in almost 4% of patients living in endemic areas and it may be the first clinical expression of the hiv infection. a broad spectrum of clinical skin lesions associated with histoplasma capsulatum infection have been described in aids patients, such as erythematous macules, papules, nodules, and pustules. herpetic, acneiform, erythema multiforme-like, molluscum contagiosum-like, vasculitic, and exfoliative forms h ... | 2010 | 21049234 |
| infection with histoplasma capsulatum in a renal transplant recipient. | with the advent of potent immunosuppressive therapies in solid organ trans-plantation, patients are more susceptible to a variety of infections with atypical pathogens and presentations. we report a renal transplant recipient with atypical presentation of histoplasmosis. | 2010 | 21060183 |
| isolated central nervous system histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient: 53-month hiatus to diagnosis and treatment. | chronic meningitis may result from a wide range of etiologies, both infectious and noninfectious, and is often diagnostically challenging. in most series, tuberculosis remains the most common recognized cause. of the fungal diseases resulting in chronic meningitis, cryptococcus is the most common. when untreated, the infectious meningitides typically exhibit an inexorably progressive course with high morbidity and mortality. we report a patient with chronic meningitis due to histoplasma capsulat ... | 2010 | 21062125 |
| histoplasmosis in the nasal septum without pulmonary involvement in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and literature review. | context: histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by inhaling spores of the fungus histoplasma capsulatum. the spores can be found in soil contaminated with bird, bat or chicken feces. histoplasmosis occurs worldwide and is one of the most common pulmonary and systemic mycoses. case report: we report here the case of a 37-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and histoplasmosis in the nasal septum, without pulmonary involvement, that evolved rapidly to disseminated infection, mu ... | 2010 | 21120437 |
| agglutination of histoplasma capsulatum by igg monoclonal antibodies against hsp60 impacts macrophage effector functions. | histoplasma capsulatum can efficiently survive within macrophages, facilitating h. capsulatum translocation from the lung into the lymphatics and bloodstream. we have recently generated monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to an h. capsulatum surface-expressed heat shock protein of 60 kda (hsp60) that modify disease in a murine histoplasmosis model. interestingly, the mabs induced different degrees of yeast cell agglutination in vitro. in the present study, we characterized the agglutination effects of ... | 2010 | 21134968 |
| genetic control of immune cell types in fungal disease. | millions of people harbor latent infections of the fungus histoplasma capsulatum. such persistent infections represent a stalemate between mechanisms of virulence and the immune response. the differing responses of inbred mouse strains to the same pathogen reflect variation in the genes that control the outcome of infection. here we show that a 250-fold difference in h. capsulatum susceptibility between inbred mouse strains is attributable to the genotype at the mhc h2 locus. gene expression ana ... | 2010 | 21135228 |
| [rapid identification of histoplasma capsulatum in culture lysates]. | histoplasma capsulatum is the agent of histoplasmosis, a deep mycosis mainly afflicting immunocompromised patients. rapid identification of the fungus isolated from clinical specimens allows timely administration of specific treatment. | 2010 | 21147250 |
| histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in a non-endemic area: a review of cases and diagnosis. | histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) have increased in spain in recent years, due firstly to the migration from endemic regions and secondly to travelers returning from these regions. in non-endemic areas, diagnosis of both diseases is hampered by the lack of experience, long silent periods, and the resemblance to other diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. | 2010 | 21199139 |
| histoplasmosis in australia: report of 16 cases and literature review. | we describe 16 previously unreported patients with histoplasmosis from queensland and northern new south wales, australia, and review all previous australian reports, providing 63 cases in total to study (17 cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, 2 cases of chronic pulmonary disease, and 44 cases of systemic disease, including 17 cases of single-organ infection and 27 instances of disseminated disease). all acute pulmonary disease was acquired in australia, with 52% of systemic disease definit ... | 2011 | 21200187 |
| isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from bats in the urban area of são paulo state, brazil. | summarythe presence of bats in caves, attics, ceilings, and roofs is important epidemiologically as they can increase the chance of human acquisition of pathogens, including histoplasma capsulatum. brazilian urban areas contain many species of bats, especially insectivorous bats, that are attracted by a wide range of readily available food and shelter. from august 2003 to december 2008, we analysed 2427 bats in the sã£o paulo state region. homogenates of the livers and spleens of the bats were p ... | 2010 | 21205438 |
| vaccine-induced protection against 3 systemic mycoses endemic to north america requires th17 cells in mice. | worldwide rates of systemic fungal infections, including three of the major pathogens responsible for such infections in north america (coccidioides posadasii, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis), have soared recently, spurring interest in developing vaccines. the development of th1 cells is believed to be crucial for protective immunity against pathogenic fungi, whereas the role of th17 cells is vigorously debated. in models of primary fungal infection, some studies have shown ... | 2011 | 21206087 |
| histoplasma capsulatum reactivation with haemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | we describe a case of haemophagocytic syndrome caused by histoplasma capsulatum reactivation in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with fludarabine and alemtuzumab. he presented with fever, pancytopenia, increased serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. a bone marrow aspirate showed haemophagocytosis and possibly a yeast infection. treatment with cyclosporine, dexamethasone, etoposide and caspofungin was started. after initial improvement his c ... | 2010 | 21209468 |
| the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis exports extracellular vesicles containing highly immunogenic α-galactosyl epitopes. | exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum. here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic α-linked galactopyranosyl (α-gal) epitopes in paracoccidioides brasiliensis. p. brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus that causes human paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). for vesicle preparations, cell-free supernatant fluids from yeast cells cultivat ... | 2011 | 21216942 |
| retroperitoneal pyogranulomatous and fibrosing inflammation secondary to fungal infections in two dogs. | a 4-year-old spayed female golden retriever (dog 1) was examined because of acute edema and erythema in the left hind limb and an inguinal mass, and a 5-year-old female jack russell terrier (dog 2) was examined because of a recurring retro-peritoneal mass. | 2011 | 21235375 |
| comparative genomics allowed the identification of drug targets against human fungal pathogens. | the prevalence of invasive fungal infections (ifis) has increased steadily worldwide in the last few decades. particularly, there has been a global rise in the number of infections among immunosuppressed people. these patients present severe clinical forms of the infections, which are commonly fatal, and they are more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections than non-immunocompromised people. ifis have historically been associated with high morbidity and mortality, partly because of the li ... | 2011 | 21272313 |
| definition of the extracellular proteome of pathogenic-phase histoplasma capsulatum. | the dimorphic fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum causes respiratory and systemic disease. within the mammalian host, pathogenic histoplasma yeast infect, replicate within, and ultimately kill host phagocytes. surprisingly, few factors have been identified that contribute to histoplasma virulence. to address this deficiency, we have defined the constituents of the extracellular proteome using lc-ms/ms analysis of the proteins in pathogenic-phase culture filtrates of histoplasma. in addition t ... | 2011 | 21291285 |
| pulmonary histoplasmosis: a review of 50 cases. | histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. infection, identified by skin testing, has been found in more than 50 countries. in canada the disease is endemic in the st. lawrence river valley. fifty patients with positive reaction to histoplasmin skin tests were reviewed at the provincial chest clinic in windsor, ontario. all were asymptomatic; 27 had a history of present or previous involvement in farming or poultry rearing. | 1980 | 21293595 |
| oropharyngeal histoplasmosis: report of eleven cases and review of the literature. | histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in brazil, especially in the state of rio grande do sul, where histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the soil. h. capsulatum may compromise unusual areas, including the oropharynx, particularly in patients presenting disseminated histoplasmosis; which is associated with a state of immunosuppression, such as aids. | 2011 | 21340403 |
| histoplasma capsulatum utilizes siderophores for intracellular iron acquisition in macrophages. | histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungal pathogen that survives and replicates within macrophages (mf). studies in human and murine mf demonstrate that the intracellular growth of h. capsulatum yeasts is exquisitely sensitive to the availability of iron. as h. capsulatum produces hydroxamate siderophores, we sought to determine if siderophores were required for intracellular survival in mf, and in a murine model of pulmonary histoplasmosis. the expression of sid1 (coding for l-ornithine-n(5) ... | 2011 | 21341981 |
| histoplasma capsulatum heat-shock 60 orchestrates the adaptation of the fungus to temperature stress. | heat shock proteins (hsps) are among the most widely distributed and evolutionary conserved proteins. hsps are essential regulators of diverse constitutive metabolic processes and are markedly upregulated during stress. a 62 kda hsp (hsp60) of histoplasma capsulatum (hc) is an immunodominant antigen and the major surface ligand to cr3 receptors on macrophages. however little is known about the function of this protein within the fungus. we characterized hc hsp60-protein interactions under differ ... | 2011 | 21347364 |
| passive administration of monoclonal antibodies against h. capsulatum and other fungal pathogens. | the purpose of the use of this methodology is 1) to advance our capacity to protect individuals with antibody or vaccine for preventing or treating histoplasmosis caused by the fungus histoplasma capsulatum and 2) to examine the role of virulence factors as target for therapy. to generate mabs, mice are immunized, the immune responses are assessed using a solid phase elisa system developed in our laboratory, and the best responder mice are selected for isolation of splenocytes for fusion with hy ... | 2011 | 21372781 |
| histoplasmosis presenting as bilateral adrenal masses: cytomorphological diagnosis of three cases. | histoplasmosis is a worldwide infectious disease caused by inhalation of spores of a fungus, called histoplasma capsulatum. adrenals can be involved as a part of disseminated infection in immunocompromized patients. however, histoplasmosis presenting primarily as a bilateral adrenal masses in an immunocompetent patient is very unusual and rare. we encountered three such cases in which fine-needle aspiration (fna) performed under ultrasonographic (usg) guidance from bilateral adrenal masses prima ... | 2011 | 21387575 |
| histoplasma capsulatum in the peripheral-blood smear in a patient with aids. | | 2011 | 21393926 |
| pathology quiz case 2. disseminated histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. | | 2011 | 21422321 |
| percutaneous vascular stent implantation as treatment for central vascular obstruction due to fibrosing mediastinitis. | fibrosing mediastinitis (fm) is a rare complication of infection with histoplasma capsulatum that can lead to obstruction of pulmonary and systemic vasculature and large airways, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. medical therapy is ineffective, and surgical intervention is often not feasible. stent implantation offers a potential treatment for vascular obstruction due to fm, but this has not been well studied. | 2011 | 21422386 |
| biochemical and immunological properties of histoplasma capsulatum no. 650. | | 1945 | 21434246 |
| acalculous cholecystitis caused by histoplasma capsulatum in a severely immunosuppressed hiv-infected patient. | billiary tract involvement in the course of disseminated histoplasmosis has been rarely reported. here we present a severely immunosuppressed hiv-infected patient who presented with symptomatic acalculous cholecystitis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. | 2011 | 21444995 |
| progressive disseminated histoplasmosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from west-africa: report of four imported cases in italy. | we report four imported cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (pdh) due to histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from west africa. this report highlights the need to consider diagnosis of pdh among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who originate from west africa and present with a prolonged febrile illness and very low cd4 count. | 2011 | 21471748 |
| disseminated histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans co-infection in patients with aids. | histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis are the most prevalent systemic mycoses in hiv-infected patients. the authors report a 20-year-old brazilian hiv-positive woman with concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. in addition, we review the reported cases described in the medical literature. | 2011 | 21472390 |
| [determination of the therapeutic activity of caspofungin compared with the amphotericin b in an animal experimental model of histoplasmosis in hamster (mesocrisetus auratus) treatment with amphotericin b and caspofungin in an experimental model of histoplasmosis in hamster.] | background: : treatment with amphotericin b is highly effective in histoplasmosis. caspofungin has shown good activity against candida and aspergillus spp. in vitro studies have demonstrated that histoplasma capsulatum is inhibited by caspofungin. objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of caspofungin in the treatment of histoplasmosis in an animal experimental model. method: : three strains of histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum were used. treatment started one ... | 2011 | 21473926 |
| an aberrant thymus in ccr5-/- mice is coupled with an enhanced adaptive immune response in fungal infection. | ccr5 is a potent mediator of regulatory t cell (treg) chemotaxis. in murine histoplasmosis, mice lacking ccr5 or endogenous ccl4 have a reduced number of tregs in the lungs, which results in accelerated resolution of infection. in this study, we demonstrate that ccr5 controls the outcome of histoplasma capsulatum infection by dictating thymic and lymph node egress of tregs. mice lacking ccr5 or treated with a mab to ccl4 had more tregs in the thymus prior to and during infection. thymic accumula ... | 2011 | 21478401 |
| fungalrv: adhesin prediction and immunoinformatics portal for human fungal pathogens. | abstract: | 2011 | 21496229 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis with concurrent oral candidiasis in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | disseminated histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum, a zoonotic fungal organism, is an important disease in animals and humans, particularly those with compromised immune systems. reports of disseminated histoplasmosis in an avian species are not available within the current literature. candida albicans, another fungal agent with zoonotic importance, is a commensal of the avian digestive tract that is often associated with opportunistic infections particularly in young or immunocompromi ... | 2011 | 21500041 |
| cgcyn1, a plasma membrane cystine-specific transporter of candida glabrata with orthologues prevalent among pathogenic yeast and fungi. | we describe a novel plasma membrane cystine transporter, cgcyn1, from candida glabrata, the first such transporter to be described from yeast and fungi. c. glabrata met15δ strains, organic sulfur auxotrophs, were observed to utilize cystine as a sulfur source, and this phenotype was exploited in the discovery of cgcyn1. heterologous expression of cgcyn1 in saccharomyces cerevisiae met15δ strains conferred the ability of s. cerevisiae strains to grow on cystine. deletion of the cgcyn1 orf (cagl0m ... | 2011 | 21507960 |
| [cecal perforation in a kidney transplant patient: disseminated histoplasmosis]. | disseminated histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. it often involves immunodeficient patients and can occur in two forms, i.e., the large- and small-celled variants. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of disseminated histoplasmosis with cutaneous and digestive involvement observed four years after kidney transplantation in a man from senegal. the patient developed severe sepsis secondary to colonic perforation. outcome was fatal due to delayed diagn ... | 2010 | 21520661 |
| dic and granulomatous vasculitis in a dog with disseminated histoplasmosis. | disseminated histoplasmosis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy were diagnosed in a 7 mo old, female spayed mixed-breed dog. the dog improved transiently with supportive care, but deteriorated shortly after initiation of antifungal therapy. the dog was subsequently euthanized. at necropsy, marked granulomatous vasculitis was identified in all affected organs. the tunicae and laminae of the arteries and arterioles were obscured by epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells adm ... | 2011 | 21531969 |
| [imported histoplasmosis in navarra: presentation of four cases.] | objetive: histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum. its incidence in spain has increased in recent years, mainly due to the increased presence of immigrants from latin america and increased travel to the continent for tourism and cooperation. our aim was to review the clinical characteristics of cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in our hospital during the last six years. case reports: we diagnosed 4 cases from 4 patients from south america, 3 of w ... | 2011 | 21539930 |
| fungal endocarditis after transfemoral aortic valve implantation. | transcatheter aortic valve implantation (tavi) was introduced in 2006 as an alternative for surgical aortic valve replacement (savr) as treatment for patients with aortic stenosis. endocarditis after tavi has been anecdotally reported, but concerns aroused because savr is often needed to explant the endocarditic valve in a high risk patient previously deemed not to be a surgical candidate. we report a case of a patient who underwent tavi because he was too high risk to undergo savr. several mont ... | 2011 | 21547997 |
| selection and optimisation of pcr-based methods for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. | background: current methods for the laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis are problematic in terms of their sensitivity, specificity and runtime. objectives: thus, in this study, we sought to select and optimise methods for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). methods: three dna extraction methods and three pcr methods were evaluated. we optimised the concentration of the components of this pcr reaction and determined its sensitivity and sp ... | 2011 | 21558013 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed on bone marrow aspirate cytology: report of four cases. | histoplasmosis, caused by two varieties of dimorphic fungi, histoplasma capsulatum variant capsulatum and histoplasma capsulatum variant duboisii is a systemic fungal infection. it has a worldwide distribution and is shown to be more prevalent in north america and central america. both variants occur in africa. disease spectrum ranges from asymptomatic primary infection to disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. since the upsurge of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and desp ... | 2009 | 21591519 |
| terbinafine pharmacokinetics after single dose oral administration in the dog. | terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal prescribed for the treatment of mycoses in humans. it is increasingly being used in veterinary patients. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of terbinafine in dogs after a single oral dose. ten healthy adult dogs were included in the study. a single dose of terbinafine (30-35 mg/kg) was administered orally, and blood samples were periodically collected over a 24 h period during which dogs were monitored for adverse effe ... | 2011 | 21599768 |
| discovery of a role for hsp82 in histoplasma virulence through a quantitative screen for macrophage lethality. | the application of forward genetics can reveal new factors required for the virulence of intracellular pathogens. to facilitate such virulence screens, we developed macrophage cell lines with which the number of intact host cells following infection with intracellular pathogens can be rapidly and easily ascertained through the expression of a constitutive lacz transgene. using known virulence mutants of francisella novicida and histoplasma capsulatum, we confirmed the applicability of these host ... | 2011 | 21606189 |
| asymptomatic colonic histoplasmosis in a patient receiving methotrexate. | disease due to infection with histoplasma capsulatum usually manifests as a disseminated infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, it may also present with focal disease in patients with or without aids. unusual presentations or less well-recognized risk factors may make diagnosis of histoplasmosis more difficult. we describe the case of a patient who presented for screening colonoscopy and was found to have isolated asymptomatic colonic histoplasmosis. | 2011 | 21608312 |
| chronic disseminated histoplasmosis bone marrow involvement in an immunocompetent patient. | histoplasmosis normally do not affect immunocompetent individuals. prolonged exposure may cause chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. elderly male patient presented with fever, hematuria and pain in right hypochondrium. he had pallor, fever and mild hepatosplenomegaly. investigations revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. giemsa stained bone marrow aspirate showed yeast-like cells, suggestive of histoplasma capsulatum. pas stained bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. | 2010 | 21629639 |
| granulomatous pleuritis caused by histoplasmosis in a healthy child. | pneumonia with pleuritis is a rare presentation of histoplasmosis infection. we present a 12-year old previously healthy boy in whom histoplasmosis presented with pleuritis, confirmed by detection of antigen in empyema fluid. pediatr. pulmonol. © 2011 wiley-liss, inc. | 2011 | 21634031 |
| the botrytis cinerea reg1 protein, a putative transcriptional regulator, is required for pathogenicity, conidiogenesis and for the production of secondary metabolites. | botrytis cinerea, which causes gray-mold rot, attacks a wide range of plant species. to understand the infection process the role of a putative transcriptional regulator, bcreg1 (regulator 1) in pathogenicity was studied. this transcriptional regulator shows similarity to the morphological switch regulators candida albicans wor1 and histoplasma capsulatum ryp1. gene knock-out and complementation studies revealed that bcreg1 is required for pathogenicity. the bcreg1 mutant is able to penetrate pl ... | 2011 | 21635139 |
| [in vitro antifungal activity of ajoene on five clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.] | background: the number of histoplasmosis cases have considerably increased since the advent of aids, and the therapy for this mycosis is not always effective, as well as having adverse effects. aims: to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ajoene on five clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum, on the mycelial form, using sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb) and rpmi-1640 culture media. methods: growth curves and inhibitory activity of the drug (at concentrations of 1.25 ug/ml to 20μg/ml) were perfor ... | 2011 | 21635962 |
| serological evidence of histoplasma capsulatum infection among dogs with leishmaniasis in brazil. | histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the fungus histoplasma capsulatum. environmental sources of infection for humans and animals in certain regions and the prevalence of infection in animals are frequently unknown. because of the clinical and epidemiological similarities between histoplasmosis and leishmaniasis in northeastern brazil, we decided to investigate the serologic evidence of h. capsulatum in dogs, considering that these animals can act as sentinels for histoplasmosis. a t ... | 2011 | 21651884 |
| a rare case of histoplasma fungemia in an aids patient. | disseminated cases of histoplasmosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are rarely reported from india. most of these cases report isolation of this fungus from the bone marrow, lymph node aspirate, spleenic aspirate, and biopsies. we report isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from the blood of an aids patient. a 30-year-old male from utter pradesh was admitted with fever, loss of appetite, and nausea since two months. few intracellular and extracellular budding cells were observed on ... | 2011 | 21654120 |
| investigation of the efficacy of micafungin in the treatment of histoplasmosis using two north american strains of histoplasma capsulatum. | micafungin alone and combined with liposomal amphotericin b was evaluated against two strains of histoplasma capsulatum. micafungin was active in vitro against the mold but not the yeast form but was ineffective in vivo. micafungin appears to be ineffective in treatment of histoplasmosis. | 2011 | 21670186 |
| neuroinfection survey at a neurological ward in a brazilian tertiary teaching hospital. | this study was undertaken to characterize the neuroinfection profile in a tertiary neurological ward. | 2011 | 21808869 |
| detection of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum from culture isolates and clinical specimens using real-time pcr. | blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum are dimorphic fungi that often cause self-limited respiratory infections. however, they may also cause severe disseminated disease depending on the level of the exposure to the organism and the host immune status. in addition, patients with infections caused by these fungi may have very similar clinical presentations. although microbiologic culture is a standard method for detecting these pathogens, their recovery may require days to weeks and ... | 2011 | 21752970 |
| a multicenter study of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis after solid organ transplantation. | s.a. grim, l. proia, r. miller, m. alhyraba, a. costas-chavarri, j. oberholzer, n.m. clark. a multicenter study of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis after solid organ transplantation. transpl infect dis 2011. all rights reserved aim. a review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 30 solid organ transplant recipients (sotrs) with histoplasmosis or blastomycosis from 3 midwestern academic medical centers. background. the endemic fungal pathogens, histoplasma capsulatum ... | 2011 | 21749587 |
| mycobacterium haemophilum and histoplasma capsulatum coinfection in a renal transplant patient. | we report the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with a mycobacterium haemophilum and histoplasma capsulatum coinfection occurring 21 years after a living-donor-related renal transplant. | 2011 | 21715588 |
| a tcr transgenic mouse reactive with multiple systemic dimorphic fungi. | dimorphic fungi collectively account for 5-10 million new infections annually worldwide. ongoing efforts seek to clarify mechanisms of cellular resistance to these agents and develop vaccines. a major limitation in studying the development of protective t cells in this group of organisms is the lack of tools to detect, enumerate, and characterize fungus-specific t cells during vaccination and infection. we generated a tcr transgenic mouse (bd 1807) whose cd4(+) t cells respond to a native epitop ... | 2011 | 21705621 |
| endemic systemic mycoses: coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis. | endemic deep or systemic mycoses are common in specific geographical areas of the world. coccidioidomycosis is present in semi-desert areas, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in tropical regions and blastomycosis belongs to temperate climates. the two former are widely distributed in the american continent and some tropical regions of the world; the third is limited to central and south america, and the last to north america and central and east africa. these mycoses all have a similar p ... | 2011 | 21722309 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified, deglycosylated histoplasmin for different clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis. | diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases remains problematic, especially in undeveloped countries. we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to histoplasma capsulatum using metaperiodate treated purified histoplasmin (pthmin). our elisa was validated comparing sera from patients with histoplasmosis, related mycoses, and healthy individuals. the overall test specificity was 96%, with sensitivities of 100% (8/8) in acute disease, 90% (9/10) in chro ... | 2010 | 21691458 |
| protein profiling of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus, sporothrix schenckii. | sporotrichosis is a common cutaneous mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii, which exhibits a temperature-dependent dimorphic switch. at 25-¦c, it grows in a mycelial phase, while at 37-¦c, it forms unicellular yeast cells. the formation of yeast cells was thought to be a requisite for the pathogenicity of s. schenckii. to identify fragments that might be related to morphogenesis, whole-cell proteins from the mold and early yeast stages of s. schenckii were analyzed using 2d ... | 2011 | 21842181 |
| detection of histoplasma capsulatum dna in peripheral blood from a patient with ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. | ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (ohs) is a significant cause of vision loss in young and middle-aged adults. we report here a case of an immunocompetent 37-year-old man who presented fever, malaise, headache, and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy for one week, after which he started to experience a sudden loss in visual acuity of his right eye. fluorescent angiography and an optical coherent tomography demonstrated the presence of a type ii choroidal neo-vascular membrane in the right eye, sugges ... | 2011 | 21732747 |
| an apple-core lesion in the colon: an infectious etiology. | gastrointestinal involvement occurs in about 70% to 90% of histoplasmosis cases but is usually not the initial manifestation. we present the case of a 52-yearold hiv-positive woman who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and an apple-core lesion on ct scan of the abdomen. the patient had been diagnosed with histoplasma colitis eight months earlier and was started on long-term itraconazole therapy. however, she prematurely discontinued treatment. a colonoscopy during the present hospitalizat ... | 2011 | 21731310 |
| dimorphic fungal coinfection as a cause of chronic diarrhea and pancolitis. | histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis are dimorphic fungi that cause systemic mycosis mostly in tropical south america and some areas of north america. gastrointestinal involvement is not uncommon among these fungal diseases, but coinfection has not previously been reported. we report a patient with chronic diarrhea and pancolitis caused by paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. | 2011 | 21837244 |
| [invasive fungal disease in patients from five hospitals in the valpara+¡so region, chile: 2004 to 2009]. | invasive fungal disease (ifd) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised patients. these infections are caused mainly by candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus. | 2011 | 21720691 |
| pulmonary histoplasmosis presenting as chronic productive cough, fever, and massive unilateral consolidation in a 15-year-old immune-competent boy: a case report. | abstract: | 2011 | 21843324 |
| synergistic effect of antituberculosis drugs and azoles in vitro against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. | this study evaluated in vitro interactions of antituberculosis drugs and triazoles against histoplasma capsulatum. nine drug combinations, each including an antituberculosis drug (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, or ethambutol) plus a triazole (itraconazole, fluconazole, or voriconazole), were tested against both growth forms of h. capsulatum. stronger synergistic interactions were seen in isoniazid or pyrazinamide plus triazoles for the mold form and ethambutol plus voriconazole for the yeast-like form ... | 2011 | 21690286 |
| Deciphering the Pathways of Death of Histoplasma capsulatum-Infected Macrophages: Implications for the Immunopathogenesis of Early Infection. | Apoptosis of leukocytes is known to strongly influence the immunopathogenesis of infection. In this study, we dissected the death pathways of murine macrophages (MFs) infected with the intracellular pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Yeast cells caused apoptosis of MFs at a wide range of multiplicity of infection, but smaller inocula resulted in delayed detection of apoptosis. Upon infection, caspases 3 and 1 were activated, and both contributed to cell death; however, only the former was involved ... | 2012 | 22102723 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris). | disseminated infection with histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in a 7-yr-old female bengal tiger (panthera tigris). clinical signs were nonspecific with the exception of brief periods of tachypnea for 5 days prior to death. h. capsulatum organisms were found in the lungs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and liver. diagnosis was confirmed by tracheal wash, urine h. capsulatum enzyme immunoassay, and necropsy results. this report represents the first published account of disseminated histoplasmosi ... | 2011 | 22204071 |
| Histoplasma virulence and host responses. | Histoplasma capsulatum is the most prevalent cause of fungal respiratory disease. The disease extent and outcomes are the result of the complex interaction between the pathogen and a host's immune system. The focus of our paper consists in presenting the current knowledge regarding the multiple facets of the dynamic host-pathogen relationship in the context of the virulence arsenal displayed by the fungus and the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host. | 2012 | 22007223 |
| cross-reactivity in the platelia™ aspergillus enzyme immunoassay caused by blastomycosis. | it is well known that cross reactions with other fungal pathogens including histoplasma capsulatum can occur with the use of the platelia™ aspergillus galactomannan assay. we report two patients with confirmed blastomycosis whose bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid tested positive for aspergillus galactomannan despite no evidence of aspergillosis. | 2011 | 21939346 |
| Histologic and molecular identification of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum in a captive brown bear (Ursus arctos). | A 33-year-old brown bear (Ursus arctos) was evaluated for chronic cough, partial anorexia, and lethargy in early fall of 2009. Radiographs revealed a generalized increase in interstitial density with focal lung field consolidation and air bronchograms more prevalent in the cranial lung lobes. Tracheal sputum and wash fluid grew mixed bacteria and 2 species of Candida on bacterial and fungal cultures, respectively. Serum was negative for antibodies to Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and H ... | 2011 | 21908320 |
| Development of specific SCAR markers for detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in clinical and environmental samples. | Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, generated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, were developed to detect Histoplasma capsulatum selectively in clinical and environmental samples. A 1200-bp RAPD-PCR-specific band produced with the 1281-1283 primers was cloned, sequenced, and used to design two SCAR markers, 1281-1283(220) and 1281-1283(230). The specificity of these markers was confirmed by Southern hybridization. To evaluate the relevance of the SCAR markers f ... | 2011 | 22189121 |
| histoplasma capsulatum in peripheral blood smear. | | 2009 | 21954403 |
| surface architecture of histoplasma capsulatum. | the dimorphic fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum is the most frequent cause of clinically significant fungal pneumonia in humans. h. capsulatum virulence is achieved, in part, through diverse and dynamic alterations to the fungal cell surface. surface components associated with h. capsulatum pathogenicity include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and melanins. here, we describe the various structures comprising the cell surface of h. capsulatum that have been associated with virulence and dis ... | 2011 | 22121356 |
| histoplasma mechanisms of pathogenesis--one portfolio doesn't fit all. | histoplasma capsulatum is the leading cause of endemic mycosis in the world. analyses of clinical isolates from different endemic regions show important diversity within the species. recent molecular studies of two isolates, the chemotype i nam2 strain g217b and the chemotype ii panamanian strain g186a, reveal significant genetic, structural, and molecular differences between these representative histoplasma strains. some of these variations have functional consequences, representing distinct mo ... | 2011 | 22092757 |
| fibrosing mediastinitis: clinical presentation, therapeutic outcomes, and adaptive immune response. | fibrosing mediastinitis (fm) is a rare disorder characterized by the invasive proliferation of fibrous tissue within the mediastinum. fm frequently results in the compression of vital mediastinal structures and has been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. its pathogenesis remains unknown. however, in north america most cases are thought to represent an immune-mediated hypersensitivity response to histoplasma capsulatum infection. to characterize the clinical disease spectrum, na ... | 2011 | 22033450 |
| detection of yeasts in blood cultures by the luminex xtag fungal assay. | a multiplex-pcr luminex xmap bead probe fluid array using xtag analyte-specific reagents (multiplex xtag fungal asr assay) was employed for detection of clinically significant candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis from blood cultures. we tested 132 blood cultures negative (n = 10) or positive (n = 97) for yeasts and/or bacteria (n = 25). the assay showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99%, respectively. the xtag fungal asr assay i ... | 2011 | 22170902 |
| [relevant aspects of the hcp100 molecular marker of histoplasma capsulatum and its potential therapeutic use in histoplasmosis.] | background: fungal pathogens have developed strategies, involving genes expression that favors their persistence and multiplication in the host. the absence of molecules encoded by these genes could interfere with the growth and death of these fungi. in the past, a coactivator protein coding gene (hcp100) of the fungus histoplasma capsulatum was reported, which is overexpressed after 1h of contact between fungal yeast-cells and murine macrophages. the product of this gene, a protein of 100kda (h ... | 2011 | 22037114 |
| immunization with apoptotic phagocytes containing histoplasma capsulatum activates functional cd8(+) t cells to protect against histoplasmosis. | we have previously revealed the protective role of cd8(+) t cells in host defense against histoplasma capsulatum in animals with cd4(+) t cell deficiency and demonstrated that sensitized cd8(+) t cells are restimulated in vitro by dendritic cells that have ingested apoptotic macrophage-associated histoplasma antigen. here we show that immunization with apoptotic phagocytes containing heat-killed histoplasma efficiently activated functional cd8(+) t cells whose contribution was equal to that of c ... | 2011 | 21911464 |
| evaluation of the detection of melanin by the fontana-masson silver stain in tissue with a wide range of organisms including cryptococcus. | it is not uncommon for surgical pathologists to encounter yeast and yeast-like organisms in tissue sections, and correct identification is imperative for guiding therapy. the fontana-masson silver stain for detecting melanin has been accepted as a relatively specific stain for diagnosing cryptococcosis in tissue based on few studies with limited numbers of organisms. this study was designed to test the value of the fontana-masson silver by investigating a large collection of tissues with infecti ... | 2011 | 22154051 |
| membrane microdomain components of histoplasma capsulatum yeast forms, and their role in alveolar macrophage infectivity. | analysis of membrane lipids of histoplasma capsulatum showed that ~40% of fungal ergosterol is present in membrane microdomain fractions resistant to treatment with non-ionic detergent at 4°c. specific proteins were also enriched in these fractions, particularly pma1p a yeast microdomain protein marker (a plasma membrane proton atpase), a 30kda laminin-binding protein, and a 50kda protein recognized by anti-α5-integrin antibody. to better understand the role of ergosterol-dependent microdomains ... | 2011 | 22197503 |
| SRE1 Regulates Iron-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in the Fungal Pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. | Regulation of iron acquisition genes is critical for microbial survival under both iron-limiting conditions (to acquire essential iron) and iron-replete conditions (to limit iron toxicity). In fungi, iron acquisition genes are repressed under iron-replete conditions by a conserved GATA transcriptional regulator. Here we investigate the role of this transcription factor, Sre1, in the cellular responses of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum to iron. We showed that cells in which SRE1 level ... | 2012 | 22117028 |
| the role of cytokines and chemokines in histoplasma capsulatum infection. | histoplasma capsulatum is a prevalent fungal pathogen in the united states, infecting approximately 500,000 individuals each year. host protection requires an intact cell-mediated immune response. in this review, we will discuss how cytokines and chemokines influence protective immunity in h. capsulatum infection. | 2011 | 21871816 |
| experimental annotation of the human pathogen histoplasma capsulatum transcribed regions using high-resolution tiling arrays. | the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum is thought to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory infections in immunocompetent humans, yet little is known about its biology. here we provide the first genome-wide studies to experimentally validate its genome annotation. a functional interrogation of the histoplasma genome provides critical support for continued investigation into the biology and pathogenesis of h. capsulatum and related fungi. | 2011 | 21958208 |
| biodegradable microspheres containing leukotriene b(4) and cell-free antigens from histoplasma capsulatum activate murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. | because of the potential protective role of leukotrienes (lts) in histoplasmosis and the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of cell-free antigens from histoplasmacapsulatum (cfags), the aim of this study was to develop and characterise biodegradable ltb(4)/cfags-loaded microspheres (ms) that could promote cellular activation for future immunisation purposes. ltb(4)/cfags-loaded ms that were developed through a double emulsion/extraction process were characterised according to their size, zeta ... | 2011 | 22009111 |
| a conserved transcriptional regulator governs fungal morphology in widely diverged species. | fungi exhibit a large variety of morphological forms. here, we examine the functions of a deeply conserved regulator of morphology in three fungal species, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, and histoplasma capsulatum. we show that, despite an estimated 600 million years since those species diverged from a common ancestor, wor1 in c. albicans, ryp1 in h. capsulatum, and mit1 in s. cerevisiae are transcriptional regulators that recognize the same dna sequence. previous work establishe ... | 2011 | 22095082 |
| pulmonary histoplasmosis producing a spindle cell "pseudotumor". | pulmonary spindle cell proliferations have been reported in association with a limited group of infectious agents. these lesions are rare and identified most often in the setting of immunosuppression. because their appearance can simulate a spindle cell neoplasm, they are diagnostically treacherous, sometimes delaying antimicrobial therapy or resulting in unnecessary surgery. we report a case of a spindle pseudotumor of the lung resulting from histoplasma capsulatum infection, a previously unrep ... | 2011 | 21846916 |
| Epididymal and prostatic histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient from southern India. | An unusual case of epididymal and prostatic histoplasmosis is reported from Karnataka State of southern India, in a 37-year-old male renal transplant recipient, who had presented with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis a year before the second presentation and had responded successfully to 9 months' treatment with itraconazole. The patient presented a second time with high-grade fever and pain in the scrotum and the lower abdomen. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a retrotrigonal abscess, which wa ... | 2011 | 21883756 |
| Fatal Histoplasma capsulatum Mitral Endocarditis in a French Patient Treated for Rheumatoid Arthritis. | Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores, a fungus encountered in many diverse areas around the world. Although this infection is often asymptomatic, it may become dramatic in immunocompromised patients. In November 2005, an endocarditis due to Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in a French woman treated for rheumatoid arthritis and who had traveled to South America 2 years earlier. We confirmed the biological diagno ... | 2011 | 22042634 |