| structures of nitroreductase in three states: effects of inhibitor binding and reduction. | the crystal structure of the nitroreductase enzyme from enterobacter cloacae has been determined for the oxidized form in separate complexes with benzoate and acetate inhibitors and for the two-electron reduced form. nitroreductase is a member of a group of enzymes that reduce a broad range of nitroaromatic compounds and has potential uses in chemotherapy and bioremediation. the monomers of the nitroreductase dimer adopt an alpha+beta fold and together bind two flavin mononucleotide prosthetic g ... | 2002 | 11805110 |
| development of a thin tube cultivation method for determining coliform counts in milk. | a new rapid coliform-monitoring method using thin tube cultivation (ttc) was developed. one hundred microliters of modified selective medium (1.5% agar) and 100 microl of sample were mixed in thin cultivation tubes, yielding a semisolid mixture of 0.75% agar. the tubes were incubated at 37 degrees c and checked for a positive reaction (gas production from lactose fermentation and color changes from acid production) at 30-min intervals. the positive reaction times for ttc were compared with actua ... | 2002 | 11808811 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and penetration rate into sputum of gatifloxacin, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, and its therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infections. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. minimum inhibitory concentrations of gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and rifampicin against 20 strains each of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 15 strains each of ... | 1999 | 11810507 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activities of cefpiramide and other broad-spectrum antibiotics against 440 clinical isolates in china. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefpiramide was compared with those of 15 other broad-spectrum cephalosporins. a total of 440 clinical strains of bacteria, including 9 bacterial species, were isolated from our hospital in 1998. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefpiramide and five other antibiotics were determined for each species, using the agar-dilution method. the mic of cefpiramide for escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae was higher than those of three other third ... | 2000 | 11810540 |
| susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among commonly isolated gram-negative bacilli in 2000: trust and tsn data for the united states. tracking resistance in the united states today. the surveillance network. | from january to may 2000, as part of the tracking resistance in the united states today (trust) surveillance initiative, clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae (n=2519) and non-fermentative gram-negatives (n=580) were prospectively collected from 26 hospital laboratories across the united states. isolates were tested for susceptibility to three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin) and seven other agents. in addition, data for the same period were collected from the surve ... | 2002 | 11814764 |
| [gastric colonization and its effect on pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia]. | to study the gastric colonization and its effect on development of nosocomial pneumonia (np). | 1999 | 11820953 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of major bacterial pathogens in intensive care units in 2000 in taiwan. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 1,274 bacterial isolates recovered from various clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (icus) of five major teaching hospitals was carried out from march, 2000, to june, 2000, in taiwan. this study demonstrated a high rate (66%) of oxacillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (orsa), a high rate of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (intermediate, 50% and highly resistant, 8%), and high rates of cefotaxime nonsusceptibility for s. pneumoniae ... | 2001 | 11822777 |
| typing and subtyping of 83 clinical isolates purified from surgically implanted silicone feeding tubes by random amplified polymorphic dna amplification. | in this study, 83 clinical isolates purified from biofilms colonizing 18 silicone gastrostomy devices (12 "buttons" and six tubes converted to skin level devices) were selected for subtype characterization utilizing genetic analysis. the tubes, previously used for feeding, remained in place for 3 to 47 months (mean, 20.0 months) in children ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years. classification of specific microbes using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis revealed genetic similar ... | 2002 | 11825951 |
| molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by nosocomial isolates of enterobacteriaceae from an italian nationwide survey. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are widespread in hospital settings worldwide. the present investigation was undertaken to assess the distribution and prevalence of esbls belonging to the tem and shv families in 448 esbl-producing clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected from 10 different italian hospitals. the natures of tem and shv determinants were identified by direct sequencing of pcr-amplified genes. tem-52 and shv-12 were the most common variants, and they were found in ... | 2002 | 11825979 |
| evaluation of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae as etiologic agents of persistent cough in adolescents and adults. | chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated as agents of persistent cough in adolescents and adults (n = 491). tests of 473 respiratory specimens by culture or pcr or both identified four episodes (0.8%) of m. pneumoniae-associated illness and no episodes of c. pneumoniae illness, suggesting that these bacteria do not frequently cause persistent cough. | 2002 | 11825984 |
| isolation and characterization of an unusual 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase gene from enterobacter cloacae uw4. | a genomic library of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacterium enterobacter cloacae uw4 in puc19 in escherichia coli was screened for the ability to utilize acc as a sole source of nitrogen. one of the clones that was isolated contained a plasmid with an insert of approximately 0.8 kb that conferred acc deaminase activity. sequence analysis revealed that this dna fragment contains an open-reading frame of 696 nucleotides predicted to en ... | 2001 | 11827211 |
| clinafloxacin versus piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of severe skin and soft-tissue infections in adults at a veterans affairs medical center. | severe skin and soft-tissue infections (sstis), particularly diabetic foot infections, are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. inappropriate antimicrobial therapy may contribute to the increasing emergence of bacterial resistance, as well as to increased health care costs. thus, there is a continuing search for reasonably safe, well-tolerated, and effective antimicrobial agents that are less susceptible to the development of resistance than older agents. | 2002 | 11833836 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory isolates of enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus aureus in italy: incidence and trends over the period 1997-1999. | the antibiotic susceptibility of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the respiratory tract was assessed over the period 1997-1999 as part of the italian epidemiological observatory survey sponsored by the smith-kline foundation. a standardised method was used to determine the mics of 22 antibiotics against isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (n=870), escherichia coli (n=684), enterobacter cloacae (n=342), enterobacter aerogenes (n=187) and se ... | 2001 | 11837636 |
| estb from burkholderia gladioli: a novel esterase with a beta-lactamase fold reveals steric factors to discriminate between esterolytic and beta-lactam cleaving activity. | esterases form a diverse class of enzymes of largely unknown physiological role. because many drugs and pesticides carry ester functions, the hydrolysis of such compounds forms at least one potential biological function. carboxylesterases catalyze the hydrolysis of short chain aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic ester compounds. esterases, d-alanyl-d-alanine-peptidases (dd-peptidases) and beta-lactamases can be grouped into two distinct classes of hydrolases with different folds and topologically ... | 2002 | 11847270 |
| three cefotaximases, ctx-m-9, ctx-m-13, and ctx-m-14, among enterobacteriaceae in the people's republic of china. | of 15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae collected from the first municipal people's hospital of guangzhou, in the southern part of the people's republic of china, 9 were found to produce ctx-m esbls, 3 produced shv-12, and 3 produced both ctx-m and shv-12. eleven isolates produced either tem-1b or shv-11, in addition to an esbl. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 12 isolates carrying bla(ctx-m) genes revealed that they harbored three dif ... | 2002 | 11850241 |
| molecular characterization of a novel class 1 integron containing bla(ges-1) and a fused product of aac3-ib/aac6'-ib' gene cassettes in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | as seen by the disk diffusion method, the clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa pa695, resistant to all extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, exhibited an unusual synergistic effect between ceftazidime and imipenem. this isolate produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) with a pi of 5.8 that appeared to be chromosomally encoded. cloning experiments revealed that this esbl was encoded by bla(ges-1), previously described in an integron from klebsiella pneumoniae. in p ... | 2002 | 11850242 |
| high-level cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter cloacae meningitis in a newborn. | | 1999 | 11853572 |
| identification of a mycobacterium tuberculosis putative classical nitroreductase gene whose expression is coregulated with that of the acr aene within macrophages, in standing versus shaking cultures, and under low oxygen conditions. | tuberculosis remains a leading killer worldwide, and new approaches for its treatment and prevention are urgently needed. this effort will benefit greatly from a better understanding of gene regulation in mycobacterium tuberculosis, particularly with respect to this pathogen's response to its host environment. we examined the behavior of two promoters from the divergently transcribed m. tuberculosis genes acr/hspx/rv2031c (alpha-crystallin homolog) and rv2032/acg (acr-coregulated gene) by using ... | 2002 | 11854240 |
| pharmacokinetics in vivo and pharmacodynamics ex vivo/in vitro of meropenem and cefpirome in the yucatan micropig model: continuous infusion versus intermittent injection. | objective: to investigate the pharmacodynamic disposition of two recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics, meropenem and cefpirome, in the yucatan micropig model, and to compare the bactericidal activity of these drugs against bacteria in this in vitro/ex vivo micropig model after administration by both intermittent injection and continuous infusion. methods: cefpirome (1 g) was given to the micropig over a 12-h period by direct intravenous injection and 6-h continuous infusion (500 mg). merop ... | 1998 | 11864228 |
| prevalence of stably derepressed class i beta-lactamase in multiresistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae in two hungarian hospitals. | | 1998 | 11864236 |
| in vitro selective concentrations of cefepime and ceftazidime for ampc beta-lactamase hyperproducer enterobacter cloacae variants. | methods: a mixed culture of a wild-type ceftazidime/cefepime-susceptible (4x107 cfu/ml) strain and an ampc derepressed enterobacter cloacae (105 cfu/ml) strain (relative proportions 99.75% and 0.25%) was challenged for 4 h with different antibiotic concentrations of ceftazidime and cefepime (0.03-4096 mg/l), and then transferred to drug-free medium. the proportion of wild-type versus derepressed population was evaluated after 24 h. results: ceftazidime and cefepime selected the derepressed varia ... | 1998 | 11864247 |
| mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | objective: to study and evaluate changes in the gyra gene and the outer-membrane protein patterns in relation to evolution of resistance against the quinolones in enterobacter cloacae. methods: strains expressing gyra-mediated quinolone resistance become susceptible to quinolones upon insertion of the plasmid pnjr3-2. this plasmid (containing wild-type escherichia coli quinolone-susceptible dna gyrase a subunits) and pla2917 (the vector) were introduced into 10 resistant or moderately susceptibl ... | 1998 | 11864290 |
| the act-1 plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase is inducible: detection in a complex beta-lactamase background. | the purpose of this study was to identify the genetic organization and inducibility of bla(act-1) in a clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae possessing at least five different beta-lactamases. the genetic organization of the bla(act-1)/ampr region is identical to those of inducible chromosomal ampc genes. rna analysis using primer extension demonstrated a five-fold increase in bla(act-1) transcript production on exposure to cefoxitin. these findings are significant because induction was dete ... | 2002 | 11864960 |
| in vitro selective concentrations of cefepime and ceftazidime for ampc beta-lactamase hyperproducer enterobacter cloacae variants. | this study aimed to compare the selective concentrations of cefepime and ceftazidime on enterobacter cloacae. a mixed culture of a wild-type ceftazidime/cefepime-susceptible (4x107 cfu/ml) strain and an ampc derepressed enterobacter cloacae (105 cfu/ml) strain (relative proportions 99.75% and 0.25%) was challenged for 4 h with different antibiotic concentrations of ceftazidime and cefepime (0.03--4096 mg/l), and then transferred to drug-free medium. the proportion of wild-type versus derepressed ... | 1999 | 11869274 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from patients with various infections. | isolates from various samples obtained during 1998 and 1999 were identified and their susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, monobactams and/or cephamycins studied along with any production of esbls. | 2002 | 11874545 |
| characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 strains and establishment of selective isolation media for these strains. | we characterized the carbohydrate-fermenting ability of 31 strains of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 isolated from diarrhea patients in aichi prefecture, japan, in order to establish selective isolation media for these strains. none of the 31 stec o26 strains (24 o26:h11, 7 o26:h-) fermented rhamnose, whereas all of the other 108 stec strains (100 o157, 8 o111) and all of the non-stec strains except one (i.e., 58 of 59) fermented rhamnose. the great majority of the stec o26 st ... | 2002 | 11880417 |
| antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative isolates from european intensive care units: data from the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme. | susceptibility data were collected for 6243 gram-negative isolates from 29 european icus participating in the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme (1997-2000). the most commonly isolated bacteria were pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.5%), escherichia coli (19.8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%), and enterobacter cloacae (7.7%). the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producers was higher in turkish, russian and italian icus (27.9-39.6%) than in other ... | 2002 | 11892895 |
| mar operon involved in multidrug resistance of enterobacter aerogenes. | we determined the sequence of the entire marrab operon in enterobacter aerogenes. it is functionally and structurally analogous to the escherichia coli operon. the overexpression of e. aerogenes mara induces a multidrug resistance phenotype in a susceptible strain, demonstrated by a noticeable resistance to various antibiotics, a decrease in immunodetected porins, and active efflux of norfloxacin. | 2002 | 11897595 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of a novel cephalosporin, bms-247243, against organisms other than staphylococci. | bms-247243, a novel cephalosporin inhibitory for methicillin-resistant staphylococci, primarily has activity against gram-positive bacteria. the activities of bms-247243, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae were similar. bms-247243 inhibits enterococcus faecalis but not enterococcus faecium. bms-247243 also inhibits many inherently vancomycin-resistant species (leuconstoc, lactobacillus, pediococcus) and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. | 2002 | 11897599 |
| cloning and expression of class a beta-lactamase gene blaa(bps) in burkholderia pseudomallei. | the beta-lactamase gene blaa(bps) in burkholderia pseudomallei was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. bps-1 is a cephalosporinase with an isoelectric point of 7.7. sequence analysis of bps-1 revealed conserved motifs typical of class a beta-lactamases and a relationship to the pena (in b. cepacia) and blai (in yersinia enterocolitica) lineages. | 2002 | 11897607 |
| influence on enterobacter cloacae metabolism, cell-surface hydrophobicity and motility of suprainhibitory concentrations of carbapenems. | the impact of postantibiotic effect (pae) of carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem) on the metabolism (biosynthesis of macromolecules, respiration), cell-surface hydrophobicity and motility of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae was examined. the metabolism was evaluated after 16 h and after 1 d of cultivation using 2x and 4x minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of both antibiotics for the induction of pae. imipenem at 4 x mic did not induce pae. after a 16-h cultivation (in the postantibio ... | 2001 | 11898339 |
| increase in mics of ciprofloxacin in vivo in two closely related clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in two isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ecl#1 and ecl#2, from the same patient and with identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, have been analysed. mics of ciprofloxacin were 0.25 and 1 mg/l for ecl#1 and ecl#2, respectively. ecl#2 was also more resistant to chloramphenicol and organic solvents. the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyra/b and parc/e, and the marora and acrb genes, were sequenced. expression of marr, acrb, soxs ... | 2002 | 11909836 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by 1:1 complexes of vanadate with hydroxamic acids. | the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 is competitively inhibited by low concentrations of 1:1 complexes of vanadate and hydroxamic acids. structure-activity studies indicated that the hydroxamic acid functional group was essential to this inhibition. both aryl and alkyl hydroxamic acids form inhibitory ternary complexes with vanadate and the enzyme, although, in certain cases of the latter, the inhibition may not be seen because of the low formation constants of the vanadate-hyd ... | 2002 | 11914079 |
| molecular method to assess the diversity of burkholderia species in environmental samples. | in spite of the importance of many members of the genus burkholderia in the soil microbial community, no direct method to assess the diversity of this genus has been developed so far. the aim of this work was the development of soil dna-based pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), a powerful tool for studying the diversity of microbial communities, for detection and analysis of the burkholderia diversity in soil samples. primers specific for the genus burkholderia were developed bas ... | 2002 | 11916673 |
| comparison of fecal coliform agar and violet red bile lactose agar for fecal coliform enumeration in foods. | a 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees c and transfer to 44 +/- 1 degrees c for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (fca) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (vrbl) method. fca and vrbl have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on fca and vrbl. recovery of cold-stressed ... | 2002 | 11916678 |
| nad(p)h:flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase inactivation during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene reduction. | bacteria readily transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), a contaminant frequently found at military bases and munitions production facilities, by reduction of the nitro group substituents. in this work, the kinetics of nitroreduction were investigated by using a model nitroreductase, nad(p)h:flavin mononucleotide (fmn) oxidoreductase. under mediation by nad(p)h:fmn oxidoreductase, tnt rapidly reacted with nadh to form 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, wher ... | 2002 | 11916686 |
| genotyping cryptosporidium parvum with an hsp70 single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray. | we investigated the application of an oligonucleotide microarray to (i) specifically detect cryptosporidium spp., (ii) differentiate between closely related c. parvum isolates and cryptosporidium species, and (iii) differentiate between principle genotypes known to infect humans. a microarray of 68 capture probes targeting seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within a 190-bp region of the hsp70 gene of cryptosporidium parvum was constructed. labeled hsp70 targets were generated by pcr wi ... | 2002 | 11916701 |
| a decade of antimicrobial susceptibilities at the university of kentucky hospital. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility rates for key antimicrobial agents and selective bacterial pathogens in the decade of the 1990s. | 2002 | 11918505 |
| epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter isolates in a spanish hospital during a 12-year period. | fifteen enterobacter clinical isolates (11 enterobacter cloacae isolates, 3 enterobacter aerogenes isolates, and 1 enterobacter gergoviae isolate), representing 0.4% of all enterobacter isolates recovered in our hospital from 1989 to 2000, were suspected of harboring an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). these isolates were recovered from 14 different patients. esbls were transferred by conjugation into an escherichia coli recipient strain. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) revealed ... | 2002 | 11923338 |
| [enterobacteria isolated from cockroaches (periplaneta americana) captured in a brazilian hospital]. | to isolate and identify microorganisms from cockroaches that were captured in a public hospital and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms. | 2002 | 11939120 |
| fibrin sheath enhances central venous catheter infection. | to determine whether fibrin-coated central venous catheters have a higher infection rate, and spawn more septic emboli, than uncoated catheters after exposure to bacteremia. | 2002 | 11940768 |
| genome-based identification of chromosomal regions specific for salmonella spp. | acquisition of genomic elements by horizontal gene transfer represents an important mechanism in the evolution of bacterial species. pathogenicity islands are a subset of horizontally acquired elements present in various pathogens. these elements are frequently located adjacent to trna genes. we performed a comparative genome analysis of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and typhimurium and escherichia coli and scanned trna loci for the presence of species-specific, horizontally acquired genomi ... | 2002 | 11953370 |
| [can we rely on the results of urine microscopy and culture when tests are performed in general practice?]. | urinary tract infections (uti) account for 2-5% of consultations in general practice, but only about half the patients with dysuria have significant bacteriuria (> 100,000 bacteria per ml). a microbiological diagnosis can be made by examination of a urine sample, and in danish family practice the diagnosis of uti is often reached by a microscopic analysis or a dip-slide culture test. these methods have a high validity when performed in hospital, but we need knowledge about the validity of microb ... | 2002 | 11957428 |
| tem-80, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae ecl261 was isolated with escherichia coli ec257 from the urine of a patient living in a nursing home. both isolates were resistant to ticarcillin (mics, 1,024 microg/ml), without significant potentiation of its activity by 2 microg of clavulanate per ml (mics, 512 microg/ml), and susceptible to naturally active cephalosporins. this inhibitor-resistant phenotype was conferred in both strains by similar conjugative plasmids of 40 kb (ecl261) and 30 kb (ec257), which also conve ... | 2002 | 11959543 |
| origin and evolution of the ampc beta-lactamases of citrobacter freundii. | to determine whether the widespread clinical use of beta-lactams has been selective for citrobacter freundii-derived alleles of plasmid ampc genes, we generated a bayesian consensus phylogeny of the published ampc sequences and compared the mics of 16 beta-lactam antibiotics for escherichia coli strains containing cloned copies of the c. freundii ampc alleles. we found that for the majority of compounds investigated, there has been essentially no increase in beta-lactam resistance conferred by t ... | 2002 | 11959544 |
| nb2001, a novel antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity and enhanced potency against beta-lactamase-producing strains. | enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation (ecta) is a novel prodrug strategy to overcome drug resistance resulting from enzyme overexpression. beta-lactamase overexpression is a common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. we present here the results for one of the beta-lactamase ecta compounds, nb2001, which consists of the antibacterial agent triclosan in a prodrug form with a cephalosporin scaffold. unlike conventional beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrolysis of the bet ... | 2002 | 11959554 |
| chromosomal system for studying ampc-mediated beta-lactam resistance mutation in escherichia coli. | in some enterobacterial pathogens, but not in escherichia coli, loss-of-function mutations in the ampd gene are a common route to beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. we constructed an assay system for studying mechanism(s) of enterobacterial ampd mutation using the well-developed genetics of e. coli. we integrated the enterobacter amprc genes into the e. coli chromosome. these cells acquire spontaneous recombination- and sos response-independent beta-lactam resistance mutations in ampd. this chro ... | 2002 | 11959593 |
| outbreak of infections caused by enterobacter cloacae producing the integron-associated beta-lactamase ibc-1 in a neonatal intensive care unit of a greek hospital. | nineteen of 27 ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates from a neonatal intensive care unit in thessaloniki, greece, had genes coding for the novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ibc-1; 18 of those 19 harbored similar conjugative plasmids and belonged to two distinct genetic lineages. a synergy test with ceftazidime and imipenem enabled us to identify five unrelated bla(ibc-1)-carrying e. cloacae isolates from other wards of the hospital. it seems that this integron-associated gene ... | 2002 | 11959604 |
| transient reduction in the trna 4-thiouridine content induced by ultraviolet a during post-irradiation growth in enterobacter cloacae. | the influence of previous exposure to ultraviolet-a radiation (uva) was studied on the susceptibility of enterobacter cloacae to undergo the growth delay effect. comparison of growth curves corresponding to irradiated and control cells showed that a previous treatment with uva almost abolished the growth delay effect. uv absorption spectra of trna, and reverse phase hplc analysis of hydrolysed trna, demonstrated a low content of 4-thiouridine in e. cloacae cells grown after uva exposure at low d ... | 2002 | 11960731 |
| a note: gut bacteria produce components of a locust cohesion pheromone. | faecal pellets from germ-free locusts were used as culture media to determine the ability of locust gut bacteria to synthesize phenolic components of the locust cohesion pheromone. | 2002 | 11966918 |
| isolation and characterization of endophytic colonizing bacteria from agronomic crops and prairie plants. | endophytic bacteria reside within plant hosts without causing disease symptoms. in this study, 853 endophytic strains were isolated from aerial tissues of four agronomic crop species and 27 prairie plant species. we determined several phenotypic properties and found approximately equal numbers of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates. in a greenhouse study, 28 of 86 prairie plant endophytes were found to colonize their original hosts at 42 days postinoculation at levels of 3.5 to 7.7 log(10) ... | 2002 | 11976089 |
| response of endophytic bacterial communities in potato plants to infection with erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. | the term endophyte refers to interior colonization of plants by microorganisms that do not have pathogenic effects on their hosts, and various endophytes have been found to play important roles in plant vitality. in this study, cultivation-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s ribosomal dna directly amplified from plant tissue dna was used in combination with molecular characterization of isolates to examine the influence of plant stress, achieved by infec ... | 2002 | 11976096 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ... | 2002 | 11977920 |
| jaundice as an early diagnostic sign of urinary tract infection in infancy. | urinary tract infections (utis) are a common clinical problem in febrile infants younger than 8 weeks old, with a prevalence between 5% and 11%. previous studies have noted that jaundice may be one of the first signs of a bacterial infection in infants. our goal was to determine the incidence of utis in asymptomatic, jaundiced infants younger than 8 weeks old and to determine which historical and laboratory parameters are associated with utis. | 2002 | 11986445 |
| potential microbiological hazards in the production of refined paper products for food applications. | this study sought to investigate the significance of raw materials (starch-based glues, raw material papers) at different microbiologically critical stages in the manufacturing process of refined paper products. the study examined the occurrence of microorganisms in the process and in end-product samples. microbiological surveys verified that the production and use of pasteurized starch-based glue was the most important factor threatening the process hygiene and product safety. subsequently, the ... | 2002 | 11986924 |
| two-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h nitroreductase: description of quantitative structure-activity relationships. | enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase catalyzes the reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds with steady-state bimolecular rate constants (kcat/km) ranging from 10(4) m(-1) s(-1) to 10(7) m(-1) s(-1), and oxidizing 2 moles nadh per mole mononitrocompound. oxidation of excess nadh by polynitrobenzenes including explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-n-methylnitramine (tetryl), has been observed as a slower secondary process, accompanied by o2 consumption. th ... | 2000 | 11996117 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the symbiosis island of mesorhizobium loti strain r7a. | the mesorhizobium loti strain r7a symbiosis island is a 502-kb chromosomally integrated element which transfers to nonsymbiotic mesorhizobia in the environment, converting them to lotus symbionts. it integrates into a phenylalanine trna gene in a process mediated by a p4-type integrase encoded at the left end of the element. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the island and compared its deduced genetic complement with that reported for the 611-kb putative symbiosis island of m. loti s ... | 2002 | 12003951 |
| growth of cell-wall-deficient variants of enterobacter cloacae facilitates beta-lactamase derepressed mutants. | the degree to which cell-wall-deficient bacteria (cwdb) are involved in the generation of beta-lactamase derepressed mutants (dm) was measured using enterobacter cloacae 3624. the frequency of dm in non-permissive isotonic ticarcillin medium was compared with their frequency in hypertonic ticarcillin medium that supports cwdb growth. dm were resistant to extended spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins and had a basal beta-lactamase activity of >300 units/mg protein. anaerobic growth of cwdb inc ... | 2002 | 12007848 |
| ceftriaxone activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated in us clinical microbiology laboratories from 1996 to 2000: results from the surveillance network (tsn) database-usa. | ceftriaxone was introduced into clinical practice in the usa in 1985 and was the first extended-spectrum (third-generation) cephalosporin approved for once-daily treatment of patients with gram-positive or gram-negative infections. review of ceftriaxone activity is important given its continued use since the mid-1980s and reports of emerging resistance among all antimicrobial agent classes. we reviewed the activity of ceftriaxone and relevant comparative agents against five gram-positive and 11 ... | 2002 | 12007850 |
| management of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal unit using simple preventive measures. | enterobacter cloacae is becoming an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen. outbreaks of e. cloacae in intensive care units and burns units have been described frequently. in december 1999, a neonate with line sepsis was transferred from a university hospital to the neonatal unit of the diakonessen hospital. blood culture yielded e. cloacae. an outbreak of e. cloacae was occurring in the university hospital at that time. in february 2000, a second neonate in our hospital developed line sepsi ... | 2002 | 12009816 |
| serratia marcescens bacteremia traced to an infused narcotic. | from june 30, 1998, through march 21, 1999, several patients in the surgical intensive care unit of a hospital acquired serratia marcescens bacteremia. we investigated this outbreak. | 2002 | 12015392 |
| pharmacodynamics of the new fluoroquinolone gatifloxacin in murine thigh and lung infection models. | gatifloxacin is a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against gram-positive cocci. we used the neutropenic murine thigh infection model to characterize the time course of antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin and determine which pharmacokinetic (pk)-pharmacodynamic (pd) parameter best correlated with efficacy. the thighs of mice were infected with 10(6.5) to 10(7.4) cfu of strains of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, or escherichia coli, and the mice were then tr ... | 2002 | 12019073 |
| antibacterial activities and characterization of novel inhibitors of lpxc. | lipid a is the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and forms the major lipid component of the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. lipid a is required for bacterial growth and virulence, and inhibition of its biosynthesis is lethal to bacteria. udp-3-o-(r-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (lpxc) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the second step in the biosynthesis of lipid a. inhibitors of lpxc have previously been shown to have antibiotic ... | 2002 | 12019092 |
| mutational replacement of leu-293 in the class c enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase confers increased mic of cefepime. | the class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99 confers resistance to a wide range of broad-spectrum beta-lactams but not to the newer cephalosporin cefepime. using pcr mutagenesis of the e. cloacae p99 ampc gene, we obtained a leu-293-pro mutant of the p99 beta-lactamase conferring a higher mic of cefepime (mic, 8 microg/ml, compared with 0.5 microg/ml conferred by the wild-type enzyme). in addition, the mutant enzyme produced higher resistance to ceftazidime but not to the other beta- ... | 2002 | 12019116 |
| cloning of a cation efflux pump gene associated with chlorhexidine resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae. | expression libraries of a chlorhexidine-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strain were constructed and transformed into escherichia coli xlolr. twenty chlorhexidine-resistant transformants were obtained after selection. all clones contained a novel 903-nucleotide locus. its sequences were compatible with a cation efflux pump, and the locus was thus designated as cepa. retransformation using cepa-containing plasmids conferred chlorhexidine resistance to both xlolr and a chlorhexidine-sensitive k. pn ... | 2002 | 12019132 |
| chromosomal ampc genes in enterobacter species other than enterobacter cloacae, and ancestral association of the act-1 plasmid-encoded cephalosporinase to enterobacter asburiae. | the amplification and sequence of ampc genes in enterobacter asburiae, enterobacter cancerogenus, enterobacter dissolvens, enterobacter hormaechei and enterobacter intermedius bring the number of known cephalosporinase sequences from the genus enterobacter to seven. expression in escherichia coli of the ampc genes from e. asburiae, e. hormaechei and e. intermedius established the functional nature of these genes. ampc from e. asburiae shows 96.5% identity to bla(act-1) encoding a plasmid-borne c ... | 2002 | 12023082 |
| parachlamydiaceae: potential emerging pathogens. | parachlamydiaceae, which naturally infect amoebae, form a sister taxon to the chlamydiaceae on the basis of the chlamydia-like cycle of replication and 80% to 90% homology of ribosomal rna genes. because intra-amoebal growth could increase the virulence of some intracellular bacteria, parachlamydiaceae may be pathogenic. arguments supporting a pathogenic role are that chlamydia pneumoniae, a well-recognized agent of pneumonia, was shown to infect free-living amoebae and that another member of th ... | 2002 | 12023921 |
| spatial and temporal variation of enterobacter genotypes in sediments and the underlying hyporheic zone of an agricultural stream. | population studies of enteric bacteria in an agriculturally impacted stream (ledbetter creek, murray, kentucky, usa) were conducted over a period of 2 years. total number of bacteria, cultivated heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, and enteric bacteria showed significant differences between winter and summer. the cultivated numbers of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and enteric bacteria were significantly more abundant in summer than in winter. the abundance of enteric bacteria was 12.9% in an upwelli ... | 2001 | 12024254 |
| identification by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing of arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. | to identify a strain of gram negative facultative anaerobic curved bacillus, concomitantly isolated with escherichia coli and streptococcus milleri, from the blood culture of a 69 year old woman with acute gangrenous appendicitis. the literature on arcobacter bacteraemia and arcobacter infections associated with appendicitis was reviewed. | 2002 | 12032229 |
| ecodonopt: a systematic computational framework for optimizing codon usage in directed evolution experiments. | we present a systematic computational framework, ecodonopt, for designing parental dna sequences for directed evolution experiments through codon usage optimization. given a set of homologous parental proteins to be recombined at the dna level, the optimal dna sequences encoding these proteins are sought for a given diversity objective. we find that the free energy of annealing between the recombining dna sequences is a much better descriptor of the extent of crossover formation than sequence id ... | 2002 | 12034828 |
| development of a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting and quantifying cmy-2 and shv beta-lactamases. | polyclonal rabbit antibodies against shv-1 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases were produced and characterized, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed. immunoblots revealed that the anti-shv-1 antibody recognized shv-1 but did not recognize tem-1, k-1, oxa-1, or any ampc beta-lactamase tested. the anti-cmy-2 antibody detected escherichia coli cmy-2, enterobacter cloacae p99, klebsiella pneumoniae act-1, and the ampc beta-lactamases of enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, an ... | 2002 | 12037047 |
| characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov. | using a polyphasic approach (including cellular protein and fatty acid analysis, biochemical characterization, 16s ribosomal dna sequencing, and dna-dna hybridizations), we characterized 51 bacterial isolates recovered from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. our analyses showed that 24 isolates belong to taxa that have so far not (or only rarely) been reported from cf patients. these taxa include acinetobacter sp., bordetella hinzii, burkholderia fungorum, comamonas testost ... | 2002 | 12037065 |
| detection of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates by using multiplex pcr. | therapeutic options for infections caused by gram-negative organisms expressing plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases are limited because these organisms are usually resistant to all the beta-lactam antibiotics, except for cefepime, cefpirome, and the carbapenems. these organisms are a major concern in nosocomial infections and should therefore be monitored in surveillance studies. six families of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases have been identified, but no phenotypic test can differentiat ... | 2002 | 12037080 |
| decreasing the level of ethyl acetate in ethanolic fermentation broths of escherichia coli ko11 by expression of pseudomonas putida estz esterase. | during the fermentation of sugars to ethanol relatively high levels of an undesirable coproduct, ethyl acetate, are also produced. with ethanologenic escherichia coli strain ko11 as the biocatalyst, the level of ethyl acetate in beer containing 4.8% ethanol was 192 mg liter(-1). although the e. coli genome encodes several proteins with esterase activity, neither wild-type strains nor ko11 contained significant ethyl acetate esterase activity. a simple method was developed to rapidly screen bacte ... | 2002 | 12039716 |
| superinfection of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis with enterobacter cloacae. | a case is presented of a 6-year-old boy from nigeria who developed chronic multifocal osteomyelitis with bilateral and symmetrical proximal humeral involvement. superimposed changes of acute osteomyelitis were noted on the histopathological evaluation of the lesions. cultures from both sides were positive for enterobacter cloacae, which was presumably contracted during intravenous therapy for typhoid fever in nigeria 1 month prior to his presentation. | 2002 | 12041518 |
| novel plasmid-encoded class c beta-lactamase (mox-2) in klebsiella pneumoniae from greece. | klebsiella pneumoniae kol, a clinical strain resistant to various beta-lactams, was isolated from the stools of a patient from greece. this strain harbored a new pi 9.1 plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase with unusually high levels of hydrolytic activity for cefoxitin and cefotetan that we named mox-2. sequencing of bla(mox-2) revealed 93.2, 92.9, 92.7, and 73.1% identities with the deduced amino acid sequences of cmy-8, mox-1, cmy-1, and the ampc beta-lactamase of aeromonas sobria, respectivel ... | 2002 | 12069985 |
| blactx-m-2 is located in an unusual class 1 integron (in35) which includes orf513. | examination of the bla(ctx-m-2) gene in plasmid pmar-12 by sequencing and pcr analysis revealed that the bla gene and the surrounding dna, which is closely related (99% homology) to the kluyvera ascorbata chromosomal dna that contains the bla(klua-1) gene, are located in a complex sul1-type integron, termed in35, that includes orf513. it is possible that bla(ctx-m-2) was acquired by plasmid pmar-12 through an uncharacterized recombinational event in which orf513 could be involved. | 2002 | 12069995 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ... | 2002 | 12071094 |
| pyoderma faciale: gram-negative recovery by means of needle aspiration. | pyoderma faciale is an inflammatory disease that until now was believed to occur only in women. bacterial pathogens have not been found in most cases, and those found included only gram-positive microorganisms. we present 2 cases consistent with pyoderma faciale--one of them a 17-year-old adolescent boy--in which gram-negative bacteria were found. enterobacter cloacae was found in one patient, and klebsiella oxytoca was found in the other. needle aspiration is the technique of choice in looking ... | 2002 | 12080943 |
| emerging carbapenemases in gram-negative aerobes. | carbapenemases may be defined as beta-lactamases that significantly hydrolyze at least imipenem or/and meropenem. carbapenemases involved in acquired resistance are of ambler molecular classes a, b, and d. class a, clavulanic acid-inhibited carbapenemases are rare. they are either chromosomally encoded (nmc-a, sme-1 to sme-3, imi-1) in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens, or plasmid encoded, such as kpc-1 in klebsiella pneumoniae and ges-2 in pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being a p ... | 2002 | 12084099 |
| bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory. | different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ... | 2002 | 12088382 |
| emerging fluoroquinolone-resistance for common clinically important gram-negative bacteria in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the three most commonly used fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was measured for 2235 isolates of seven common pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. collected from a major teaching hospital in taiwan during the years 1985-86, 1989-90, and 1996-97, the samples were evaluated using the agar dilution method. the overall susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has decreased rapidly after the wide use of these antimicrobial agents. isolates of e ... | 2002 | 12088622 |
| site-specific recombination-based genetic system for reporting transient or low-level gene expression. | we report here the construction, characterization, and application of a plasmid-based genetic system that reports the expression of a target promoter by effecting an irreversible, heritable change in a bacterial cell. this system confers strong repression of the reporter gene gfp in the absence of target promoter expression and utilizes the site-specific recombination machinery of bacteriophage p22 to trigger high-level reporter gene expression in the original cell and its progeny after target g ... | 2002 | 12089047 |
| fitness of salmonella enterica serovar thompson in the cilantro phyllosphere. | the epiphytic fitness of salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of s. enterica serovar thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. salmonella serovar thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. the population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, pantoea agglomerans and pseudomonas chloro ... | 2002 | 12089050 |
| cultivation of pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebas. | free-living amebas are widely distributed in soil and water, particularly members of the genera acanthamoeba and naegleria: since the early 1960s, they have been recognized as opportunistic human pathogens, capable of causing infections of the central nervous system (cns) in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. naegleria is the causal agent of a fulminant cns condition, primary amebic meningoencephalitis; acanthamoeba is responsible for a more chronic and insidious infection of the ... | 2002 | 12097243 |
| a comparison of the performance of cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar with oxoid chromogenic urinary tract infection (cuti) medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of organisms from urine. | as part of the uk antimicrobial resistance strategy and action plan, the public health laboratory service (phls) is required to collect antibiotic susceptibility data so that resistance trends and patterns can be monitored. most laboratories report urine gram negative isolates, as "coliforms" according to morphological appearance, but without an acceptable identification system the antimicrobial surveillance data will be meaningless. commercially available identification systems tend to be expen ... | 2002 | 12101200 |
| antigen 43-mediated autotransporter display, a versatile bacterial cell surface presentation system. | antigen 43 (ag43), a self-recognizing outer membrane protein of escherichia coli, has been converted into an efficient and versatile tool for surface display of foreign protein segments. ag43 is an autotransporter protein characterized by the feature that all information required for transport to the outer membrane and secretion through the cell envelope is contained within the protein itself. ag43 consists of two subunits (alpha and beta), where the beta-subunit forms an integral outer membrane ... | 2002 | 12107137 |
| role of the murein precursor udp-n-acetylmuramyl-l-ala-gamma-d-glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid-d-ala-d-ala in repression of beta-lactamase induction in cell division mutants. | certain beta-lactam antibiotics induce the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase of many gram-negative bacteria. the natural inducer, though not yet unequivocally identified, is a cell wall breakdown product which enters the cell via the ampg permease component of the murein recycling pathway. surprisingly, it has been reported that beta-lactamase is not induced by cefoxitin in the absence of ftsz, which is required for cell division, or in the absence of penicillin-binding protein 2 (pbp2), which is ... | 2002 | 12107141 |
| [aortoenteric fistula secondary to aortobifemoral prosthesis infection]. | we present the case of a 76 year-old man, intervened of an obstruction bilateral iliac by means of placement of a prosthesis aortobifemoral that presented pain in the grave left iliac and fever in needles of 39 degrees c to the five years of the intervention. in the physical exploration it highlighted a painful abdomen in the grave left iliac with signs of peritoneal irritation. in the laboratory tests a leukocytosis was detected with neutrophilia and negative culture. the computed thomography ( ... | 2002 | 12108001 |
| peritonitis in acute peritoneal dialysis in a university hospital. | although acute peritoneal dialysis is a useful procedure, peritonitis is often a complication. when the patient is mainly at risk of peritonitis is controversial. the purpose of this study was to find the incidence time of peritonitis, the infecting microorganism, and risk factors. | 2002 | 12118495 |
| remarkable substituent effects on antimicrobial activities of 1,3-diorganylimidazolidinium salts. | in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of a series of 25 diazolidinium salts, 1,3-diorganylimidazolidinium (1), together with 1,3-dialkylpyrimidinium (2), were evaluated against standard strains: escherichia coli (atcc 25922), staphylococcus epidermidis (atcc 12228), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 29213), enterococcus faecalis (atcc 29212), enterobacter cloacae (atcc 13047), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 27853) and candida albicans (atcc 10239). selective and effective antibacterial activi ... | 2002 | 12120877 |
| characterization of a novel plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase (cmy-9) and its genetic environment in an escherichia coli clinical isolate. | an escherichia coli strain, hkym68, which showed resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins was isolated from a sputum specimen in japan. the high-level resistance of the strain to ceftazidime, cefpirome, and moxalactam was carried by a self-transferable plasmid. the beta-lactamase gene responsible for the resistance was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene product, cmy-9, had a single amino acid substitution (e85d), the residue reported to be part of the recogniti ... | 2002 | 12121914 |
| in vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin and cefepime, alone and in combination with various antimicrobials, against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and enterococci in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. | use of combinations of antimicrobials that together achieve synergistic activities against targeted microorganisms is one potential strategy for overcoming bacterial resistance. as the incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant staphylococci and enterococci increases, the importance of devising additional synergistic drug combinations for these bacteria is magnified. we evaluated a number of antimicrobial combinations, with a focus on quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d), cefepime, and lin ... | 2002 | 12121940 |
| but-1: a new member in the chromosomal inducible class c beta-lactamases family from a clinical isolate of buttiauxella sp. | an atypical enterobacteriaceae strain with a beta-lactam susceptibility pattern of inducible cephalosporinase was isolated in tenon hospital (paris, france) from a patient's skull wound infection. identifications by the api-50che biochemical system and 16s rrna gene sequencing concluded that it was a member of the buttiauxella genus. the bla gene was cloned and sequenced. the deduced translated product was a 383-amino acid protein (but-1) with 75-78% identity with the chromosomal ampc beta-lacta ... | 2002 | 12127496 |
| two-electron reduction of quinones by enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase: quantitative structure-activity relationships. | enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase (nr; ec 1.6.99.7) catalyzes two-electron reduction of a series of quinoidal compounds according to a "ping-pong" scheme, with marked substrate inhibition by quinones. the steady-state catalytic constants (k(cat)) range from 0.1 to 1600s(-1), and bimolecular rate constants (k(cat)/k(m)) range from 10(3) to 10(8)m(-1)s(-1). quinones, nitroaromatic compounds and competitive to nadh inhibitor dicumarol, quench the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) fluorescence o ... | 2002 | 12139974 |
| urinary tract infections caused by endemic multi-resistant enterobacter cloacae in a dialysis and transplantation unit. | in the period 1994-1998, 42 multi-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates responsible for urinary tract infections (utis) were obtained from children hospitalized in our dialysis and transplantation unit. e. cloacae isolates obtained between 1994 and 1996 were susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, whereas e. cloacae isolates obtained between 1997 and 1998 were susceptible to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, only. all isolates were characterized by use of the polymera ... | 2002 | 12144801 |
| evaluation of a new generation of culture bottle using an automated bacterial culture system for detecting nine common contaminating organisms found in platelet components. | an automated bacterial culture system (bact/alert 3d, biomérieux) has been previously validated with a variety of bacteria in platelets. the recovery of bacteria in platelets using a new generation of culture bottles that do not require venting and that use a liquid emulsion sensor was studied. | 2002 | 12147032 |
| identification, characterization, and regulation of a cluster of genes involved in carbapenem biosynthesis in photorhabdus luminescens. | the luminescent entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens produces several yet-uncharacterized broad-spectrum antibiotics. we report the identification and characterization of a cluster of eight genes (named cpma to cpmh) responsible for the production of a carbapenem-like antibiotic in strain tt01 of p. luminescens. the cpm cluster differs in several crucial aspects from other car operons. the level of cpm mrna peaks during exponential phase and is regulated by a rap/hor homolog ident ... | 2002 | 12147472 |
| role of pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. | many plant-associated bacteria synthesize the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (iaa). while iaa produced by phytopathogenic bacteria, mainly by the indoleacetamide pathway, has been implicated in the induction of plant tumors, it is not clear whether iaa synthesized by beneficial bacteria, usually via the indolepyruvic acid pathway, is involved in plant growth promotion. to determine whether bacterial iaa enhances root development in host plants, the ipdc gene that encodes indolepyruvate decarboxy ... | 2002 | 12147474 |
| biodiversity of denitrifying and dinitrogen-fixing bacteria in an acid forest soil. | isolated soil dna from an oak-hornbeam forest close to cologne, germany, was suitable for pcr amplification of gene segments coding for the 16s rrna and nitrogenase reductase (nifh), nitrous oxide reductase (nosz), cytochrome cd(1)-containing nitrite reductase (nirs), and cu-containing nitrite reductase (nirk) of denitrification. for each gene segment, diverse pcr products were characterized by cloning and sequencing. none of the 16s rrna gene sequences was identical to any deposited in the data ... | 2002 | 12147477 |