| beyond editing: repurposing crispr-cas9 for precision genome regulation and interrogation. | the bacterial crispr-cas9 system has emerged as a multifunctional platform for sequence-specific regulation of gene expression. this review describes the development of technologies based on nuclease-deactivated cas9, termed dcas9, for rna-guided genomic transcription regulation, both by repression through crispr interference (crispri) and by activation through crispr activation (crispra). we highlight different uses in diverse organisms, including bacterial and eukaryotic cells, and summarize c ... | 2015 | 26670017 |
| elevated matrix metalloproteinase levels in bronchi infected with periodontopathogenic bacteria. | to determine whether bronchial colonisations/infections with periodontopathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated inflammatory markers such as mmps, interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchial fluid. | 2015 | 26656474 |
| molecular insights into the enzymatic diversity of flavin-trafficking protein (ftp; formerly apbe) in flavoprotein biogenesis in the bacterial periplasm. | we recently reported a flavin-trafficking protein (ftp) in the syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum (ftp_tp) as the first bacterial metal-dependent fad pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes fad into amp and fmn in the periplasm. orthologs of ftp_tp in other bacteria (formerly apbe) appear to lack this hydrolytic activity; rather, they flavinylate the redox subunit, nqrc, via their metal-dependent fmn transferase activity. however, nothing has been known about the nature or mechanism of metal-depende ... | 2015 | 26626129 |
| molecular insights into the enzymatic diversity of flavin-trafficking protein (ftp; formerly apbe) in flavoprotein biogenesis in the bacterial periplasm. | we recently reported a flavin-trafficking protein (ftp) in the syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum (ftp_tp) as the first bacterial metal-dependent fad pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes fad into amp and fmn in the periplasm. orthologs of ftp_tp in other bacteria (formerly apbe) appear to lack this hydrolytic activity; rather, they flavinylate the redox subunit, nqrc, via their metal-dependent fmn transferase activity. however, nothing has been known about the nature or mechanism of metal-depende ... | 2015 | 26626129 |
| the cytochrome bd oxidase of porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to oxidative stress resistance and dioxygen tolerance. | porphyromonas gingivalis is an etiologic agent of periodontal disease in humans. the disease is associated with the formation of a mixed oral biofilm which is exposed to oxygen and environmental stress, such as oxidative stress. to investigate possible roles for cytochrome bd oxidase in the growth and persistence of this anaerobic bacterium inside the oral biofilm, mutant strains deficient in cytochrome bd oxidase activity were characterized. this study demonstrated that the cytochrome bd oxidas ... | 2015 | 26629705 |
| oxidative stress and igg antibody modify periodontitis-crp association. | in a previous report, we demonstrated the inverse association of high serum 8-isoprostane levels, a marker for oxidative stress, with decreased serum igg antibodies to oral bacteria. the association between increased serum igg with increased plaque and periodontitis (increased probing depths) was attenuated by high systemic oxidative stress. other investigations have reported a role for systemic oxidative stress as a stimulus of hepatic c-reactive protein (crp) response. these observations led u ... | 2015 | 26318589 |
| tlr expression profile of human gingival margin-derived stem progenitor cells. | gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells (g-mscs) show remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. during regeneration, g-mscs may interact with their inflammatory environment via toll-like-receptors (tlrs). the present study aimed to depict the g-mscs tlrs expression profile. | 2015 | 26615501 |
| tlr expression profile of human gingival margin-derived stem progenitor cells. | gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells (g-mscs) show remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. during regeneration, g-mscs may interact with their inflammatory environment via toll-like-receptors (tlrs). the present study aimed to depict the g-mscs tlrs expression profile. | 2015 | 26615501 |
| polymicrobial oral infection with four periodontal bacteria orchestrates a distinct inflammatory response and atherosclerosis in apoe null mice. | periodontal disease (pd) develops from a synergy of complex subgingival oral microbiome, and is linked to systemic inflammatory atherosclerotic vascular disease (asvd). to investigate how a polybacterial microbiome infection influences atherosclerotic plaque progression, we infected the oral cavity of apoe null mice with a polybacterial consortium of 4 well-characterized periodontal pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerealla forsythia and fusobacterium nucleatum, that ... | 2015 | 26619277 |
| gingipains: critical factors in the development of aspiration pneumonia caused by porphyromonas gingivalis. | aspiration pneumonia is a life-threatening infectious disease often caused by oral anaerobic and periodontal pathogens such as porphyromonas gingivalis. this organism produces proteolytic enzymes, known as gingipains, which manipulate innate immune responses and promote chronic inflammation. here, we challenged mice with p. gingivalis w83 and examined the role of gingipains in bronchopneumonia, lung abscess formation, and inflammatory responses. although gingipains were not required for p. gingi ... | 2015 | 26613585 |
| gingipains: critical factors in the development of aspiration pneumonia caused by porphyromonas gingivalis. | aspiration pneumonia is a life-threatening infectious disease often caused by oral anaerobic and periodontal pathogens such as porphyromonas gingivalis. this organism produces proteolytic enzymes, known as gingipains, which manipulate innate immune responses and promote chronic inflammation. here, we challenged mice with p. gingivalis w83 and examined the role of gingipains in bronchopneumonia, lung abscess formation, and inflammatory responses. although gingipains were not required for p. gingi ... | 2015 | 26613585 |
| biofilm models of polymicrobial infection. | interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. these interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. an increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. here w ... | 2015 | 26592098 |
| black tea extract and its theaflavin derivatives inhibit the growth of periodontopathogens and modulate interleukin-8 and β-defensin secretion in oral epithelial cells. | over the years, several studies have brought evidence suggesting that tea polyphenols, mostly from green tea, may have oral health benefits. since few data are available concerning the beneficial properties of black tea and its theaflavin derivatives against periodontal disease, the objective of this study was to investigate their antibacterial activity as well as their ability to modulate interleukin-8 and human β-defensin (hbd) secretion in oral epithelial cells. among the periodontopathogenic ... | 2015 | 26581041 |
| mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. | the gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and immunological functions. for many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective therapy for treatment of several pathological conditions displaying an overall positive safety profile. this review summarises the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of lactobacilli. we searched pubmed/medline using the keyword 'lactobacillus'. selected papers from 1950 to 2015 were chosen on the bas ... | 2015 | 26578541 |
| mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. | the gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and immunological functions. for many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective therapy for treatment of several pathological conditions displaying an overall positive safety profile. this review summarises the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of lactobacilli. we searched pubmed/medline using the keyword 'lactobacillus'. selected papers from 1950 to 2015 were chosen on the bas ... | 2015 | 26578541 |
| probing the active site tryptophan of staphylococcus aureus thioredoxin with an analog. | genetically encoded non-canonical amino acids are powerful tools of protein research and engineering; in particular they allow substitution of individual chemical groups or atoms in a protein of interest. one such amino acid is the tryptophan (trp) analog 3-benzothienyl-l-alanine (bta) with an imino-to-sulfur substitution in the five-membered ring. unlike trp, bta is not capable of forming a hydrogen bond, but preserves other properties of a trp residue. here we present a pyrrolysyl-trna synthet ... | 2015 | 26582921 |
| intrinsic challenges in ancient microbiome reconstruction using 16s rrna gene amplification. | to date, characterization of ancient oral (dental calculus) and gut (coprolite) microbiota has been primarily accomplished through a metataxonomic approach involving targeted amplification of one or more variable regions in the 16s rrna gene. specifically, the v3 region (e. coli 341-534) of this gene has been suggested as an excellent candidate for ancient dna amplification and microbial community reconstruction. however, in practice this metataxonomic approach often produces highly skewed taxon ... | 2015 | 26563586 |
| proteomic profiling of host-biofilm interactions in an oral infection model resembling the periodontal pocket. | periodontal infections cause inflammatory destruction of the tooth supporting tissues. we recently developed a dynamic, in vitro periodontal organotypic tissue model in a perfusion bioreactor system, in co-culture with an 11-species subgingival biofilm, which may recapitulate early events during the establishment of periodontal infections. this study aimed to characterize the global proteome regulations in this host-biofilm interaction model. semi-quantitative shotgun proteomics were applied for ... | 2015 | 26525412 |
| humoral immune responses to periodontal pathogens in the elderly. | elderly people are thought to be more susceptible to periodontal disease due to reduced immune function associated with aging. however, little information is available on the nature of immune responses against putative periodontal pathogens in geriatric patients. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum igg antibody responses to six periodontal pathogens in geriatric subjects. | 2015 | 26550526 |
| comparative evaluation of oral health knowledge, practices and attitude of pregnant and non-pregnant women, and their awareness regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes. | adverse pregnancy outcomes are undesirable events occurring during pregnancy and childbirth in mother or child, such as preterm low birth weight (plbw) and preeclampsia. there is growing evidence that periodontitis may be a risk factor for preterm birth even after adjusting for known risk factors. | 2015 | 26674176 |
| a randomized clinical trial of an adjunct diode laser application for the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis. | in this radiographic and microbiologic split-mouth clinical trial, efficacy of a diode laser as an adjunct to conventional scaling in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis was investigated. | 2015 | 26382562 |
| molecular analysis of oral bacteria in heart valve of patients with cardiovascular disease by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | structural deficiencies and functional abnormalities of heart valves represent an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a number of diseases, such as aortic stenosis, have been recently associated with infectious agents. this study aimed to analyze oral bacteria in dental plaque, saliva, and cardiac valves of patients with cardiovascular disease. samples of supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, saliva, and cardiac valve tissue were collected from 42 patients with hea ... | 2015 | 26632711 |
| inferring infection patterns based on a connectivity map of host transcriptional responses. | host responses to infections represent an important pathogenicity determiner, and delineation of host responses can elucidate pathogenesis processes and inform the development of anti-infection therapies. low cost, high throughput, easy quantitation, and rich descriptions have made gene expression profiling generated by dna microarrays an optimal approach for describing host transcriptional responses (htrs). however, efforts to characterize the landscape of htrs to diverse pathogens are far from ... | 2015 | 26508266 |
| engineering a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supply for cadaverine production by using escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysis. | although the routes of de novo pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) biosynthesis have been well described, studies of the engineering of an intracellular plp supply are limited, and the effects of cellular plp levels on plp-dependent enzyme-based whole-cell biocatalyst activity have not been described. to investigate the effects of plp cofactor availability on whole-cell biocatalysis, the ribose 5-phosphate (r5p)-dependent pathway genes pdxs and pdxt of bacillus subtilis were introduced into the lysine ... | 2015 | 26490441 |
| malva sylvestris inhibits inflammatory response in oral human cells. an in vitro infection model. | the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of malva sylvestris extract (mse) and fractions in a co-culture model of cells infected by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. in addition, we evaluated the phytochemical content in the extract and fractions of m. sylvestris and demonstrated that polyphenols were the most frequent group in all samples studied. an in vitro dual-chamber model to mimic the periodontal structure was developed using a monolayer of epi ... | 2015 | 26479870 |
| differentiation of oral bacteria in in vitro cultures and human saliva by secondary electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry. | the detection of bacterial-specific volatile metabolites may be a valuable tool to predict infection. here we applied a real-time mass spectrometric technique to investigate differences in volatile metabolic profiles of oral bacteria that cause periodontitis. we coupled a secondary electrospray ionization (sesi) source to a commercial high-resolution mass spectrometer to interrogate the headspace from bacterial cultures and human saliva. we identified 120 potential markers characteristic for per ... | 2015 | 26477831 |
| the effect of bamboo leaf extract solution and sodium copper chlorophyllin solution on growth and volatile sulfur compounds production of oral malodor associated some anaerobic periodontal bacteria. | bamboo leaf extract solution (bles) and sodium copper chlorophyllin solution (sccs) are known for their anti-oxidant activities. oral malodor is often related with periodontal pathogens. the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-bacterial effect of both bles and sccs on anaerobic periodontal bacteria producing oral malodorous volatile sulfur compounds (vsc). | 2015 | 26538799 |
| towards microbiome transplant as a therapy for periodontitis: an exploratory study of periodontitis microbial signature contrasted by oral health, caries and edentulism. | conventional periodontal therapy aims at controlling supra- and subgingival biofilms. although periodontal therapy was shown to improve periodontal health, it does not completely arrest the disease. almost all subjects compliant with periodontal maintenance continue to experience progressive clinical attachment loss and a fraction of them loses teeth. an oral microbial transplant may be a new alternative for treating periodontitis (inspired by fecal transplant). first, it must be established tha ... | 2015 | 26468081 |
| incorporation of staphylococci into titanium-grown biofilms: an in vitro "submucosal" biofilm model for peri-implantitis. | staphylococcus spp. are postulated to play a role in peri-implantitis. this study aimed to develop a "submucosal" in vitro biofilm model, by integrating two staphylococci into its composition. | 2015 | 26461083 |
| incorporation of staphylococci into titanium-grown biofilms: an in vitro "submucosal" biofilm model for peri-implantitis. | staphylococcus spp. are postulated to play a role in peri-implantitis. this study aimed to develop a "submucosal" in vitro biofilm model, by integrating two staphylococci into its composition. | 2015 | 26461083 |
| viscoelastic and ultrastructural characteristics of whole blood and plasma in alzheimer-type dementia, and the possible role of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps). | alzheimer-type dementia (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. patients typically present with neuro- and systemic inflammation and iron dysregulation, associated with oxidative damage that reflects in hypercoagulability. hypercoagulability is closely associated with increased fibrinogen and in ad patients fibrinogen has been implicated in the development of neuroinflammation and memory deficits. there is still no clear reason precisely why (a) this hypercoagu ... | 2015 | 26462180 |
| fibronectin-binding protein tde1579 affects cytotoxicity of treponema denticola. | while fbpa, a family of bacterial fibronectin (fn) binding proteins has been studied in several gram-positive bacteria, the gram-negative treponema denticola, an anaerobic periodontal pathogen, also has an overlooked fbp gene (tde1579). in this research, we confirm that recombinant fbp protein (rfbp) of t. denticola binds human fn with a kdapp of 1.5 × 10(-7) m and blocks the binding of t. denticola to fn in a concentration-dependent manner to a level of 42%. the fbp gene was expressed in t. den ... | 2015 | 26456217 |
| inflammasome/il-1β responses to streptococcal pathogens. | inflammation mediated by the inflammasome and the cytokine il-1β are some of the earliest and most important alarms to infection. these pathways are responsive to the virulence factors that pathogens use to subvert immune processes, and thus are typically activated only by microbes with potential to cause severe disease. among the most serious human infections are those caused by the pathogenic streptococci, in part because these species numerous strategies for immune evasion. since the virulenc ... | 2015 | 26500655 |
| macrolide resistance in the syphilis spirochete, treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum: can we also expect macrolide-resistant yaws strains? | treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa) causes over 10 million new cases of syphilis worldwide whereas t. pallidum ssp. pertenue (tpe), the causative agent of yaws, affects about 2.5 million people. although penicillin remains the drug of choice in the treatment of syphilis, in penicillin-allergic patients, macrolides have been used in this indication since the 1950s. failures of macrolides in syphilis treatment have been well documented in the literature and since 2000, there has been a dramatic ... | 2015 | 26217043 |
| habitat fragmentation is associated to gut microbiota diversity of an endangered primate: implications for conservation. | the expansion of agriculture is shrinking pristine forest areas worldwide, jeopardizing the persistence of their wild inhabitants. the udzungwa red colobus monkey (procolobus gordonorum) is among the most threatened primate species in africa. primarily arboreal and highly sensitive to hunting and habitat destruction, they provide a critical model to understanding whether anthropogenic disturbance impacts gut microbiota diversity. we sampled seven social groups inhabiting two forests (disturbed v ... | 2015 | 26445280 |
| human microbiomes and their roles in dysbiosis, common diseases, and novel therapeutic approaches. | the human body is the residence of a large number of commensal (non-pathogenic) and pathogenic microbial species that have co-evolved with the human genome, adaptive immune system, and diet. with recent advances in dna-based technologies, we initiated the exploration of bacterial gene functions and their role in human health. the main goal of the human microbiome project is to characterize the abundance, diversity and functionality of the genes present in all microorganisms that permanently live ... | 2015 | 26500616 |
| a clinicomicrobiological study to evaluate the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes among autistic patients. | to compare the efficacy of powered toothbrushes in improving gingival health and reducing salivary red complex counts as compared to manual toothbrushes, among autistic individuals. | 2015 | 26681855 |
| oxidative stress parameters in saliva and its association with periodontal disease and types of bacteria. | to determine the association between oxidative stress parameters with periodontal disease, bleeding, and the presence of different periodontal bacteria. | 2015 | 26494938 |
| cellular metabolic network analysis: discovering important reactions in treponema pallidum. | t. pallidum, the syphilis-causing pathogen, performs very differently in metabolism compared with other bacterial pathogens. the desire for safe and effective vaccine of syphilis requests identification of important steps in t. pallidum's metabolism. here, we apply flux balance analysis to represent the reactions quantitatively. thus, it is possible to cluster all reactions in t. pallidum. by calculating minimal cut sets and analyzing topological structure for the metabolic network of t. pallidu ... | 2015 | 26495292 |
| rheumatoid arthritis risk associated with periodontitis exposure: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. | the risk of periodontitis (pd) is increased in the patient group of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). ra and pd also shared some pathological mechanism. the aim of this study is to investigate the risk of ra associated with pd exposure. | 2015 | 26426533 |
| quantitative pcr analysis of salivary pathogen burden in periodontitis. | our aim was to investigate the value of salivary concentrations of four major periodontal pathogens and their combination in diagnostics of periodontitis. the parogene study included 462 dentate subjects (mean age 62.9 ± 9.2 years) with coronary artery disease (cad) diagnosis who underwent an extensive clinical and radiographic oral examination. salivary levels of four major periodontal bacteria were measured by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). median salivary concentrations of porphyromonas g ... | 2015 | 26484315 |
| the inflammasome and danger molecule signaling: at the crossroads of inflammation and pathogen persistence in the oral cavity. | inflammasomes are an oligomeric assembly of multiprotein complexes that activate the caspase-1-dependent maturation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 cytokines in response to a 'danger signal' in vertebrates. the assessment of their significance continues to grow rapidly as the complex biology of various chronic inflammatory conditions is better dissected. increasing evidence strongly links inflammasomes and host-derived small 'danger molecule atp' ... | 2015 | 26252403 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis fim-a genotype distribution among colombians. | porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with periodontitis and exhibit a wide array of virulence factors, including fimbriae which is encoded by the fima gene representing six known genotypes. | 2015 | 26600627 |
| alcohol selectivity in a synthetic thermophilic n-butanol pathway is driven by biocatalytic and thermostability characteristics of constituent enzymes. | n-butanol is generated as a natural product of metabolism by several microorganisms, but almost all grow at mesophilic temperatures. a synthetic pathway for n-butanol production from acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) that functioned at 70°c was assembled in vitro from enzymes recruited from thermophilic bacteria to inform efforts for engineering butanol production into thermophilic hosts. recombinant versions of eight thermophilic enzymes (β-ketothiolase [thl], 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase [h ... | 2015 | 26253677 |
| draft genome sequence of 'treponema phagedenis' strain v1, isolated from bovine digital dermatitis. | 'treponema phagedenis' is considered to be a key agent in the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis, an infectious foot condition of economic and animal welfare importance. we hereby report the draft sequence of 't. phagedenis' strain v1. the draft genome assembly consists of 51 scaffolds comprising 3,129,551 bp and a gc-content of 39.9 %. putative pathogenicity related factors have been identified in the genome that can be used in future studies to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanism ... | 2015 | 26392840 |
| calcium regulates the activity and structural stability of tpr, a bacterial calpain-like peptidase. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a peptide-fermenting asaccharolytic periodontal pathogen. its genome contains several genes encoding cysteine peptidases other than gingipains. one of these genes (pg1055) encodes a protein called tpr (thiol protease) that has sequence similarity to cysteine peptidases of the papain and calpain families. in this study we biochemically characterize tpr. we found that the 55-kda tpr inactive zymogen proteolytically processes itself into active forms of 48, 37, and 33 kd ... | 2015 | 26385924 |
| defining periodontal health. | assessment of the periodontium has relied exclusively on a variety of physical measurements (e.g., attachment level, probing depth, bone loss, mobility, recession, degree of inflammation, etc.) in relation to various case definitions of periodontal disease. periodontal health was often an afterthought and was simply defined as the absence of the signs and symptoms of a periodontal disease. accordingly, these strict and sometimes disparate definitions of periodontal disease have resulted in an id ... | 2015 | 26390888 |
| periodontal pathogens invade gingiva and aortic adventitia and elicit inflammasome activation in αvβ6 integrin-deficient mice. | the american heart association supports an association between periodontal diseases and atherosclerosis but not a causal association. this study explores the use of the integrin β6(-/-) mouse model to study the causality. we investigated the ability of a polymicrobial consortium of porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia, and fusobacterium nucleatum to colonize the periodontium and induce local and systemic inflammatory responses. polymicrobially infected itgβ6(-/-) m ... | 2015 | 26371120 |
| role of host cell-derived amino acids in nutrition of intracellular salmonella enterica. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides in a specific membrane-bound compartment termed the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). despite being segregated from access to metabolites in the host cell cytosol, salmonella is able to efficiently proliferate within the scv. we set out to unravel the nutritional supply of salmonella in the scv with focus on amino acids. we studied the availability of amino acids by the generation of auxotrophic strains for alanine, asparagine ... | 2015 | 26351287 |
| biogenesis and function of porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles. | porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the keystone pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis. all p. gingivalis strains examined thus far produce outer membrane vesicles. recent studies have found that vesicles possess some well-known virulence factors of p. gingivalis such as adhesins, toxins and proteolytic enzymes. carrying most of the characteristic features of their parent p. gingivalis cells, vesicles communicate with host cells and other members of microbial biofilms, resulting in the ... | 2015 | 26343879 |
| small rna transcriptome of the oral microbiome during periodontitis progression. | the oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body, and due to circumstances not completely understood, the healthy microbial community becomes dysbiotic, giving rise to periodontitis, a polymicrobial inflammatory disease. we previously reported the results of community-wide gene expression changes in the oral microbiome during periodontitis progression and identified signatures associated with increasing severity of the disease. small noncoding rnas (srnas) a ... | 2015 | 26187962 |
| analysis of the microbiota of black stain in the primary dentition. | black tooth stain is a characteristic extrinsic discoloration commonly seen on the cervical enamel following the contour of the gingiva. to investigate the relationship between black tooth stain and the oral microbiota, we used 16s rrna gene sequencing to compare the microbial composition of dental plaque and saliva among caries-free children with and without black stain. dental plaque and saliva, as well as black stain, were sampled from 10 children with and 15 children without black stain. dat ... | 2015 | 26340752 |
| modular design of metabolic network for robust production of n-butanol from galactose-glucose mixtures. | refactoring microorganisms for efficient production of advanced biofuel such as n-butanol from a mixture of sugars in the cheap feedstock is a prerequisite to achieve economic feasibility in biorefinery. however, production of biofuel from inedible and cheap feedstock is highly challenging due to the slower utilization of biomass-driven sugars, arising from complex assimilation pathway, difficulties in amplification of biosynthetic pathways for heterologous metabolite, and redox imbalance caused ... | 2015 | 26347006 |
| point-of-care diagnosis of periodontitis using saliva: technically feasible but still a challenge. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by persistent bacterial infection that leads to the breakdown of connective tissue and bone. because the ability to reconstruct the periodontium is limited after alveolar bone loss, early diagnosis and intervention should be the primary goals of periodontal treatment. however, periodontitis often progresses without noticeable symptoms, and many patients do not seek professional dental care until the periodontal destruction progre ... | 2015 | 26389079 |
| differential distribution of type ii crispr-cas systems in agricultural and nonagricultural campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni isolates correlates with lack of shared environments. | crispr (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)-cas (crispr-associated) systems are sequence-specific adaptive defenses against phages and plasmids which are widespread in prokaryotes. here we have studied whether phylogenetic relatedness or sharing of environmental niches affects the distribution and dissemination of type ii crispr-cas systems, first in 132 bacterial genomes from 15 phylogenetic classes, ranging from proteobacteria to actinobacteria. there was clustering of distinc ... | 2015 | 26338188 |
| microorganisms in periradicular tissues: do they exist? a perennial controversy. | there is no greater association between the basic science and the practice of endodontics than that of microbiology. one of the strongest factors contributing to the controversies often encountered in the endodontic field is the lack of understanding that the disease processes of the pulp and periradicular tissues generally have a microbiological etiology. the vast majority of diseases of dental pulp and periradicular tissues are associated with microorganisms. after the microbial invasion of th ... | 2015 | 26980965 |
| oral bacteria in pancreatic cancer: mutagenesis of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. | carcinoma of exocrine pancreas is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths, worldwide. the prevalence of this disease is very high in patients with chronic pancreatitis. orodigestive cancers are frequently seen in patients with periodontitis. these findings suggest that this type of cancer may have some bacterial origins. this study hypothesizes that the peptidyl arginine deaminase (pad) enzymes found in oral bacteria may be responsible for the p53 point mutations that occur in patients with pa ... | 2015 | 26617937 |
| detection and measurement of oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients and its correlation with levels of select oral anaerobes in subgingival plaque. | oral malodor is generally ascribable to oral microbial putrefaction generating malodorous volatile sulfur compounds. the aim of the present study is to correlate organoleptic recordings with a small handheld portable volatile sulfide monitor and periodontal clinical parameters and correlate the levels of halitosis causing bacteria in plaque between baseline, 1-week, and 1-month. | 2015 | 26604572 |
| the antioxidant master glutathione and periodontal health. | glutathione, considered to be the master antioxidant (ao), is the most-important redox regulator that controls inflammatory processes, and thus damage to the periodontium. periodontitis patients have reduced total ao capacity in whole saliva, and lower concentrations of reduced glutathione (gsh) in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal therapy restores the redox balance. therapeutic considerations for the adjunctive use of glutathione in management of periodontitis, in limiting th ... | 2015 | 26604952 |
| comparison of plaque inhibiting efficacies of aloe vera and propolis tooth gels: a randomized pcr study. | allopathic medications used for periodontal disease are known to be associated with various side effects. hence a search for naturotherapies are on the rise. among the natural pharmacons available aloevera and propolis are considered to be effective and free from adverse effects. taking this into account, the present study was done to compare the plaque inhibiting efficacies of aloe vera and propolis tooth gels in patients with chronic periodontitis. | 2015 | 26501001 |
| the influence of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome. | smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. bacterial dna was isolated and 16s ribsomal rna gene li ... | 2015 | 26124222 |
| periodontal bacteria and prediabetes prevalence in origins: the oral infections, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance study. | periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to be associated. the relationship between periodontal microbiota and early diabetes risk has not been studied. we investigated the association between periodontal bacteria and prediabetes prevalence among diabetes-free adults. origins (the oral infections, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance study) cross sectionally enrolled 300 diabetes-free adults aged 20 to 55 y (mean ± sd, 34 ± 10 y; 77% female). prediabetes was defined as follows: ... | 2015 | 26082387 |
| association of levels of antibodies against citrullinated cyclic peptides and citrullinated α-enolase in chronic and aggressive periodontitis as a risk factor of rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. | periodontal disease could be a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (ra). it is assumed that the bacterial strain porphyromonas gingivalis mediates citrullination of host peptides and thereby the generation of ra-associated autoantibodies in genetically predisposed individuals. for that reason non-ra individuals who suffered from generalized aggressive (gagp, n = 51) and generalized chronic periodontitis (gchp, n = 50) were investigated regarding the occurrence of antibodies against citrullinate ... | 2015 | 26319714 |
| presence of bacteria in failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. | novel microbial detection technologies have revealed that chronic bacterial biofilms, which are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment, are common in failed orthopedic procedures. | 2015 | 26339561 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and treponema denticola / prevotella intermedia co-infection are associated with severe periodontitis in a thai population. | periodontitis is a polymicrobial infection of tooth-supporting tissues. this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between five target species and severe periodontitis in a thai population. using the cdc/aap case definition, individuals diagnosed with no/mild and severe periodontitis were included. quantitative analyses of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (aa), porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), tannerella forsythia (tf), treponema denticola (td), and prevotella intermedia (pi ... | 2015 | 26313005 |
| the expression of gingival epithelial junctions in response to subgingival biofilms. | periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. it is caused by the formation of subgingival biofilms on the surface of the tooth. characteristic bacteria associated with subgingival biofilms are the gram-negative anaerobes porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponema denticola, collectively known as the "red complex" species. inter-epithelial junctions ensure the barrier integrity of the gingival epithelium. this may however be dis ... | 2015 | 26305580 |
| microbiological and clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline application as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy in peri-implant mucosal inflammation. | the purpose of this study was to compare the microbial and clinical effects of mechanical debridement (md) alone or in combination with the application of enamel matrix derivative (emd) and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline (msm) for treatment of peri-implant mucosal infl ammation (pimi). | 2015 | 26339576 |
| a modified shuttle plasmid facilitates expression of a flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent protein in treponema denticola atcc 35405. | oral pathogens, including treponema denticola, initiate the dysregulation of tissue homeostasis that characterizes periodontitis. however, progress of research on the roles of t. denticola in microbe-host interactions and signaling, microbial communities, microbial physiology, and molecular evolution has been hampered by limitations in genetic methodologies. this is typified by an extremely low transformation efficiency and inability to transform the most widely studied t. denticola strain with ... | 2015 | 26162875 |
| the role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease. | respiratory tract infections are a major global health concern, accounting for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young children and elderly individuals. traditionally, highly common bacterial respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and pneumonia, were thought to be caused by a limited number of pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. however, these pathogens are also frequently observed commensal residents of the upper respiratory tract (ur ... | 2015 | 26150660 |
| conservation of the host-interacting proteins tp0750 and pallilysin among treponemes and restriction of proteolytic capacity to treponema pallidum. | the spirochete treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic, sexually transmitted infection characterized by multiple symptomatic and asymptomatic stages. although several other species in the genus are able to cause or contribute to disease, t. pallidum differs in that it is able to rapidly disseminate via the bloodstream to tissue sites distant from the site of initial infection. it is also the only treponema species able to cross both the blood-brain and pl ... | 2015 | 26283341 |
| qat chewing and periodontal pathogens in health and disease: further evidence for a prebiotic-like effect. | qat chewing has been reported to induce subgingival microbial shifts suggestive of prebiotic-like properties. the objective here was to assess the effect of qat chewing on a panel of classical and new putative periopathogens in health and periodontitis. | 2015 | 26351631 |
| a randomized trial of ethyl lauroyl arginate-containing mouthrinse in the control of gingivitis. | this 4-week, single-centre, randomized, examiner-blind, controlled study investigated the efficacy and safety of 0.15% ethyl lauroyl arginate (lae)-containing mouthrinse in adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. | 2015 | 26087864 |
| the gastrointestinal tract as a potential infection reservoir of digital dermatitis-associated treponemes in beef cattle and sheep. | digital dermatitis (dd) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. it has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [codd]). three treponema phylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions, treponema medium-like, treponema phagedenis-like, and treponema pedis. the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and feces are suggested sites of treponemal infection in dairy cattle; however, isolation of dd-associated treponemes from these areas has prev ... | 2015 | 26276110 |
| green tea modulates cytokine expression in the periodontium and attenuates alveolar bone resorption in type 1 diabetic rats. | diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, rage. therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. in particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. | 2015 | 26270535 |
| host response, obesity, and oral health. | proper food choices are part of preventing or reducing the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. a significant association has been proven between oral diseases and the incidence of systemic diseases. obesity, just like smoking, is one of the major risk factors for oral disease and is a serious social problem that has reached epidemic proportions in many developed countries. the results of studies on periodontitis confirm the relationship between the values of body mass index (bmi) and ... | 2015 | 26557035 |
| archaea prevalence in inflamed pulp tissues. | archaea have been detected in several ecological niches of the human body such as the large intestine, skin, vagina as well as the oral cavity. at present, archaea are recognized as nonpathogenic microorganisms. however, some data indicate that they may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of several diseases, including intestinal diseases as well as oral diseases: periodontitis, peri-implantitis and endodontitis. in this study, on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, we examined whether ... | 2015 | 26557034 |
| the two-way association of periodontal infection with systemic disorders: an overview. | oral cavity that harbors diverse bacterial populations could also act as a site of origin for spread of pathogenic microorganisms to different body sites, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, patients, the elderly, or the underprivileged. a number of recent publications have advocated that patients with periodontal diseases are more susceptible to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other related systemic complications, concluding that periodontal diseases coul ... | 2015 | 26339142 |
| efficacy of curcumin as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in chronic periodontitis patients: a clinical and microbiological study. | curcumin is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent with various biologic and medicinal properties. its therapeutic applications have been studied in a variety of conditions, but only few studies have evaluated the efficacy of curcumin as local drug delivery agent and in the treatment of periodontitis. the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of curcumin with scaling/root planing as compared with scaling/root planing alone in the treatment of the chronic periodo ... | 2015 | 26538916 |
| should antibiotics be prescribed to treat chronic periodontitis? | although scaling and root planing is a cost-effective approach for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis, it fails to eliminate subgingival pathogens and halt progressive attachment loss in some patients. adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics immediately after completion of scaling and root planing can enhance the degree of clinical attachment gain and probing depth reduction provided by nonsurgical periodontal treatment. this article discusses the rationale for prescribing adjunctive anti ... | 2015 | 26427574 |
| periodontal diseases: bug induced, host promoted. | | 2015 | 26226364 |
| the association of active and secondhand smoking with oral health in adults: japan public health center-based study. | smoking is one of the major risk factors for oral diseases, and many studies have found that active smoking is closely associated with the prevalence or severity of periodontal disease and fewer remaining teeth. in contrast to the established association between active smoking and oral health, there have been very few studies investigating the effects of secondhand smoking on oral health, and whether secondhand smoking deteriorates oral health has not been fully clarified. the purpose of the pre ... | 2015 | 26225132 |
| transcriptome analysis of bacteriophage communities in periodontal health and disease. | the role of viruses as members of the human microbiome has gained broader attention with the discovery that human body surfaces are inhabited by sizeable viral communities. the majority of the viruses identified in these communities have been bacteriophages that predate upon cellular microbiota rather than the human host. phages have the capacity to lyse their hosts or provide them with selective advantages through lysogenic conversion, which could help determine the structure of co-existing bac ... | 2015 | 26215258 |
| a metalloproteinase mirolysin of tannerella forsythia inhibits all pathways of the complement system. | recent reports focusing on virulence factors of periodontal pathogens implicated proteinases as major determinants of remarkable pathogenicity of these species, with special emphasis on their capacity to modulate complement activity. in particular, bacteria-mediated cleavage of c5 and subsequent release of c5a seems to be an important phenomenon in the manipulation of the local inflammatory response in periodontitis. in this study, we present mirolysin, a novel metalloproteinase secreted by tann ... | 2015 | 26209620 |
| periodontal microbiota and phospholipases: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest). | periodontal infections have been linked to cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation has been proposed as a possible mediator. secretory phospholipase a2 (s-pla2) and lipoprotein-associated pla2 (lp-pla2) are inflammatory enzymes associated with atherosclerosis. no data are available on the association between oral microbiota and pla2s. we studied whether a relationship exists between periodontal microbiota and the activities of these enzymes. | 2015 | 26282947 |
| extracellular glycoside hydrolase activities in the human oral cavity. | carbohydrate availability shifts when bacteria attach to a surface and form biofilm. when salivary planktonic bacteria form an oral biofilm, a variety of polysaccharides and glycoproteins are the primary carbon sources; however, simple sugar availabilities are limited due to low diffusion from saliva to biofilm. we hypothesized that bacterial glycoside hydrolase (gh) activities would be higher in a biofilm than in saliva in order to maintain metabolism in a low-sugar, high-glycoprotein environme ... | 2015 | 26048943 |
| tonsillar syphilis: an unusual site of infection detected by treponema pallidum pcr. | with the reemergence of syphilis, it is important that both clinical and public health practitioners recognize the various clinical manifestations of this disease (formerly known as "the great imitator") and become familiar with the newer diagnostic tests. here we report the first case of tonsillar syphilis diagnosed by pcr. | 2015 | 26179306 |
| papillon-lefèvre syndrome: clinical presentation and management options. | papillon-lefèvre syndrome (pls) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma and precocious aggressive periodontitis, leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition at a very young age. various etiopathogenic factors are associated with the syndrome, like immunologic alterations, genetic mutations, and the role of bacteria. dentists play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of pls as there are characteristic manifestation ... | 2015 | 26203280 |
| butanol production in s. cerevisiae via a synthetic abe pathway is enhanced by specific metabolic engineering and butanol resistance. | the fermentation of sugars to alcohols by microbial systems underpins many biofuel initiatives. short chain alcohols, like n-butanol, isobutanol and isopropanol, offer significant advantages over ethanol in terms of fuel attributes. however, production of ethanol from resistant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is significantly less complicated than for these alternative alcohols. | 2015 | 26175798 |
| exploring salivary microbiota in aids patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 gs-flx titanium pyrosequencing. | patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. the aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the aids ward of the public health clinical center (china). saliva samples were colle ... | 2015 | 26191508 |
| characterization of specific rapd markers of virulence in trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | as for human trichomoniasis the host-parasite relationship is very complex, and the broad ranges of clinical symptoms are unlikely be attributable to a single pathogenic mechanism. specific random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers of 490 bp, 720 bp and 460 bp using the primers tv-5, opa-6 and opa-11, respectively, were reported. this was the first description of possible genetic virulence markers of the infection by t. vaginalis. the aim of this study was to characterize the specific rapd ... | 2015 | 26622300 |
| periodontal health status in patients treated with the invisalign(®) system and fixed orthodontic appliances: a 3 months clinical and microbiological evaluation. | the aim of this prospective study was to compare the periodontal health and the microbiological changes via real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and invisalign(®) system (align technology, santa clara, california). | 2015 | 26430371 |
| the detection of bana micro-organisms in adult periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing by bana-enzymatic™ test kit: an in vivo study. | many paraclinical methods are available today for an accurate assessment of the periodontal status prior and during the periodontal treatment. the microbial-enzymatic n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-napthylamide (bana) test is one of the modern alternatives to bacterial cultures. it detects the presence of three periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque (porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia). | 2015 | 26392688 |
| correlation of salivary immunoglobulin a against lipopolysaccharide of porphyromonas gingivalis with clinical periodontal parameters. | a major challenge in clinical periodontics is to find a reliable molecular marker of periodontal tissue destruction. | 2015 | 26321825 |
| evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing: a clinical study. | complete removal of irritants is not possible with mechanical therapy alone. adjunctive use of systemic administration of antibiotics results in the distribution of drug throughout the body, which can give rise to toxicity. curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a constituent of curcuma longa plant, which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-hyper algesic and hypocholesterolemic properties. the aim of the present study is to compare the effects of the curcumin g ... | 2015 | 26229378 |
| periodontal disease: a possible risk-factor for adverse pregnancy outcome. | bacterial invasion in subgingival sites especially of gram-negative organisms are initiators for periodontal diseases. the periodontal pathogens with persistent inflammation lead to destruction of periodontium. in recent years, periodontal diseases have been associated with a number of systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular-disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes including pre-term low-birth weight (plbw) and pre-eclampsia. ... | 2015 | 26229389 |
| periodontal pathogens and tetracycline resistance genes in subgingival biofilm of periodontally healthy and diseased dominican adults. | the objective of this study was to compare the periodontopathogen prevalence and tetracycline resistance genes in dominican patients with different periodontal conditions. | 2015 | 26121972 |
| periodontal pathogens and tetracycline resistance genes in subgingival biofilm of periodontally healthy and diseased dominican adults. | the objective of this study was to compare the periodontopathogen prevalence and tetracycline resistance genes in dominican patients with different periodontal conditions. | 2015 | 26121972 |
| the novel association between red complex of oral microbe and body mass index in healthy japanese: a population based cross-sectional study. | microbiota has been thought to be one of important environmental factors for obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. among oral microbe, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannellera forsythia are known as risk factors, so called red complex, for periodontitis. red complex could also be a risk factor for obesity. however, recent study indicated that obesity was not improved by periodontal therapy. thus, we performed a cross sectional study to reveal the association of oral microbe wi ... | 2015 | 26388671 |
| crisprs provide broad and robust protection to oral microbial flora of gingival health against bacteriophage challenge. | | 2015 | 26123805 |
| inter-individual differences in the oral bacteriome are greater than intra-day fluctuations in individuals. | given the advent of massively parallel dna sequencing, human microbiome is analyzed comprehensively by metagenomic approaches. however, the inter- and intra-individual variability and stability of the human microbiome remain poorly characterized, particularly at the intra-day level. this issue is of crucial importance for studies examining the effects of microbiome on human health. here, we focused on bacteriome of oral plaques, for which repeated, time-controlled sampling is feasible. eighty-on ... | 2015 | 26121551 |