| research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ... | 1993 | 8479960 |
| influence of feeding patterns on the artificial infection of laying hens with salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. | salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was recovered significantly more frequently from the crops of birds which had been denied food for 24 hours than from birds allowed food ad libitum. there was, however, no difference in its isolation rate from tissues. within one hour of infection, s enteritidis could be recovered from a variety of tissues, including the oviduct, of a small proportion of the infected birds. | 1993 | 8488659 |
| three-year prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in an urban patient population in germany. | the prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria over a three-year period was 3.1% in an urban population in germany. nontyphoidal salmonella spp. (1.8% prevalence) represented 59.3% of all positive isolates, followed by campylobacter spp., which constituted 22.1% of such isolates. clostridium difficile toxin was detected in 5.6% of samples submitted specifically for detection of cytotoxigenic c. difficile. the seasonal distribution showed an increase of salmonella, shigella and aeromonas/plesiomonas ... | 1993 | 8491518 |
| [n-acetylcysteine decreases functional and structural, ards-typical lung changes in endotoxin-treated rats]. | oxygen radicals and oxygen radical mediators derived from activated granulocytes are important components in the development of acute lung injury, namely the adult respiratory distress syndrome ards. n-acetylcysteine (nac) is one important substance for endogenous production of reduced glutathion, which is known to be an intra- and extracellular reducing agent also found in lung tissue. we evaluated the effect of exogenous nac on the endotoxin induced development and course of ards in rats. ards ... | 1993 | 8492774 |
| [postoperative brain abscess caused by salmonella enteritidis]. | | 1993 | 8493217 |
| [diagnosis of salmonelloses by titration of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies using an elisa method]. | | 1993 | 8493221 |
| salmonella enteritidis causing capd peritonitis. | | 1993 | 8494944 |
| cost-benefit analysis of a screening strategy for salmonella enteritidis in poultry. | salmonella enteritidis is an emerging problem in several industrial countries. outbreaks caused by this organism are almost always associated with the consumption of eggs and egg-products originating from infected poultry flocks. to reduce human infection, elimination of contaminated flocks could be considered. in this study we estimated the effectiveness of such a measure to reduce human infections. if poultry flocks are screened for s. enteritidis only once during their laying period, there is ... | 1993 | 8498013 |
| hiv infection and salmonella septic arthritis. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection predisposes to bacterial infection at may sites but septic arthritis is notably uncommon. an hiv seropositive patient who presented with oligoarticular septic arthritis due to salmonella enteritidis and who responded poorly to antibiotic therapy and repeated aspiration of involved joints is described. unusual features included the clinical presentation of septic arthritis in more than one joint, a protracted clinical course with radiological destructi ... | 1993 | 8508562 |
| [unusual complication of aortic valve replacement surgery--a case report]. | | 1993 | 8511945 |
| fate of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium during the fermentation of ergo, a traditional ethiopian sour milk. | the growth potential of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium in milk in smoked and non-smoked containers and their inhibition by lactic acid bacteria was determined. in the absence of lactic acid bacteria, both salmonella strains could grow to the level of 10(8) cfu/ml within 12 h. smoking of containers significantly retarded salmonella growth only until 12 h. growth of lactic acid bacteria in souring milk retarded growth of salmonella strains and complete inhibition was observed be ... | 1993 | 8513784 |
| effect of prestorage white cell reduction on bacterial growth in platelet concentrates. | platelet concentrates stored with and without autologous white cells were produced from units of whole blood that had been purposefully contaminated with bacteria immediately after phlebotomy. the blood was inoculated with one of five species of bacterium at either 10 or 50 colony-forming units per ml. the growth of the organisms was quantified throughout the conventional 5-day, 22 degrees c storage period of the platelet concentrates. one species, klebsiella pneumoniae, failed to grow in any of ... | 1993 | 8516796 |
| rapid detection of salmonellae in poultry with the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay. | rapid detection of salmonellae in chicken meat was accomplished by using the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay (mipa). a direct polymerase chain reaction assay performed with chicken meat spiked with salmonella typhimurium resulted in poor sensitivity (approximately 10(7) cfu/g of meat). the use of immunoseparation with a salmonella serogroup b-specific monoclonal antibody improved the sensitivity, but enrichment was required for the detection of low levels of contamination. enrich ... | 1993 | 8517731 |
| further studies on the feasibility of one-day salmonella detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a model system previously developed for the rapid detection of salmonella typhimurium in foods was improved and extended to many other salmonella serotypes. the original protocol, which consisted of an overnight nonselective culture followed by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), was modified and improved. a sandwich elisa which used polyclonal antibodies for the capture stage and a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies for the detector stage was developed. the assay recognized a w ... | 1993 | 8517733 |
| detection of tetracycline resistance determinants in pig isolates from three herds with different histories of antimicrobial agent exposure. | a total of 114 gram-negative fecal isolates from domestic pigs in herds with different histories of antimicrobial agent exposure were screened for the presence of plasmid dna and specific tetracycline resistance determinants. more than 84% of the isolates harbored plasmid dna, which ranged in size from 2.1 to 186 kb. a total of 78 isolates (68.4%) were resistant to tetracycline at concentrations greater than 4 micrograms/ml. plasmid dnas from about 56% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates hybr ... | 1993 | 8517740 |
| specific detection of salmonella spp. by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | three sets of oligonucleotide primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect salmonella species. phop primers specific to the phop/phoq loci of coliform pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, and citrobacter species served as presumptive indicators of enteric bacteria. in addition to the phop primers, the hin and the h-1i primers, which targeted a 236-bp region of hin/h2 and a 173-bp region of the h-1i flagellin gene, respectively, were used ... | 1993 | 8517741 |
| food safety measures for eggs and foods containing eggs. | | 1993 | 8518142 |
| [fatal salmonella enteritidis meningoencephalitis]. | | 1993 | 8519215 |
| [diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile and salmonella enteritidis in a patient with hiv infection]. | | 1995 | 8523960 |
| reorientation of macrophage mediator production in endotoxin tolerance. | during endotoxin shock macrophages produce arachidonic acid (aa) metabolites, nitric oxide (no) and interleukin 6 (il-6). in contrast, macrophages from endotoxin tolerant rats become hyporesponsive to lps-induced aa metabolites production. however the role of no and il-6 during endotoxin tolerance is not known. therefore, we evaluated the production of the aa metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha (6-keto-pgf1 alpha), il-6 and no (by nitrite measurement) by peritoneal macrophages from endotoxi ... | 1995 | 8524961 |
| [food poisoning outbreak caused by salmonella enteritidis in the northwest of são paulo state, brazil]. | a foodborne outbreak which affected 211 persons occurred, in a school, in 1993. the epidemiological data obtained by interviewing the affected and non affected persons sampled showed as predominant symptoms: diarrhoea, fever (77.7%), abdominal cramps (67.7%), vomiting (65.8%), hot-and-cold sensations (54.5%) and headache (44.5%). the median incubation period was of 17 hours, the limits being 3 and 29 hours. the disease period was of from 3 to 4 days. the food concerned was a kind of paté, a mayo ... | 1995 | 8525322 |
| capacitance measurement to assess acid-induced injury to salmonella enteritidis pt4. | capacitance measurement was compared with colony counting procedures for the enumeration and determination of sub-lethal injury of salmonella enteritidis during storage under varied conditions of ph, acidulant and temperature. capacitance monitoring was shown to offer an improved technique for the measurement of sub-lethal injury in cell populations. higher levels of sub-lethal injury were detected by the extension of capacitance detection time than were indicated by differential colony counts o ... | 1995 | 8527326 |
| salmonella phage types distribution in the czech republic in 1991-1994. | the salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium phage types in the czech republic during the monitored period 1991-1994 are described. the total number of 2318 strains were examined. from 652 salmonella typhimurium strains 24 various phage types were identified. pt 104 was predominating in both human and non-human strains. 1666 of salmonella enteritidis strains were identified and were representative of 14 different phage types. pt 8 was the most common type in humans (91.7%) and in animal ... | 1995 | 8535377 |
| a rapid method to determine bacterial contamination on hatching eggs. 3. use of commercial dna probe kits for detection of specific pathogens after six hours of incubation. | the usefulness of commercially available dna probe kits for the detection of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. after only 6 h of incubation, was determined. it was established that the commercially available probe kits used could detect e. coli at initial levels of approximately 4.5 x 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) per ml after only 6 h of incubation in nutrient broth (nb). initial bacterial levels as low as 4.5 x 10(1) cfu/ml could be detected when the nb was incubated for 18 h. salmonella ... | 1995 | 8539032 |
| in situ prosthetic graft replacement for mycotic thoracoabdominal aneurysms. | infected aortic aneurysms remain a difficult surgical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. we report three cases of mycotic thoracoabdominal aneurysms treated by debridement of infected aortic tissue, in situ prosthetic graft replacement, and intensive antibiotic therapy. one early death occurred in a patient with systemic sepsis related to salmonella enteritidis infection of the thoracic aorta secondary to a colovesical fistula. the two other patients remain alive at 2 years wi ... | 1996 | 8540643 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis isolates. | a collection of 31 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates obtained during a 12-year period was characterised by different molecular typing methods. plasmid profile analysis, the detection of plasmid-encoded virulence genes and ribotyping allowed little or no further differentiation amongst these isolates. two different hybridisation patterns were observed by is200-typing of the s. enteritidis isolates. however, pulsed-field g ... | 1996 | 8544212 |
| contribution of the lesser mealworm beetle (alphitobius diaperinus) to carriage of salmonella enteritidis in poultry. | | 1995 | 8545940 |
| differentiation of strains from a food-borne outbreak of salmonella enterica by phenotypic and genetic typing methods. | a combination of typing methods was used to identify the strains and the infection source in a food-borne outbreak of salmonella enterica occurring in a summer camp and affecting 25 children. all isolates tested were found to be serovar enteritidis, with an identical biotype api 20e and ribotype. however, they differed in their plasmid profiles and/or antibiograms, and were grouped into three strains. one strain was found in human stools, another in a hen's egg, and the third in both stools and ... | 1995 | 8549719 |
| salmonella enteritidis agfbac operon encoding thin, aggregative fimbriae. | salmonella enteritidis produces thin, aggregative fimbriae, named sef17, which are composed of polymerized agfa fimbrin proteins. dna sequence analysis of a 2-kb region of s. enteritidis dna revealed three contiguous genes, agfbac. the 453-bp agfa gene encodes the agfa fimbrin, which was predicted to be 74% identical and 86% similar in primary sequence to the escherichia coli curli structural protein, csga. phag, a puc18 derivative containing a 3.0-kb hindiii fragment encoding agfbac, directed t ... | 1996 | 8550497 |
| [the selection of a virulent subpopulation of escherichia coli during shigella and salmonella infections in children]. | | 1995 | 8553728 |
| chaos under canvas: a salmonella enteritidis pt 6b outbreak. | an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis pt 6b food poisoning, the first reported of this recently described phage type, resulted in illness among 46 of 49 members of a camping group in north wales, 33 of whom were hospitalized. epidemiological evidence (p < 0.0001) indicated that a lemon meringue pie was the vehicle of infection. fresh shell eggs, stored after purchase at ambient temperature, appear to be the most likely source of infection, with multiplication during preparation and subsequent st ... | 1995 | 8557083 |
| detection of induced beta-galactosidase activity in individual non-culturable cells of pathogenic bacteria by quantitative cytological assay. | one escherichia coli and two f' lac+ salmonella strains were carbon and nitrogen stressed at 37 degrees c over 35 days in the presence or absence of chloramphenicol; the number, activity and culturability of cells in the resultant populations were studied. active cells were enumerated by fluorescence microscopy after treatment with the lac inducer iptg and cytological assay for beta-galactosidase. in all experiments, active and total cell counts remained within a three-fold range of each other a ... | 1995 | 8559073 |
| [cervical epidural anesthesia for carotid mycotic aneurysms]. | extracranial mycotic aneurysms of the carotid are unusual. we present such an aneurysm of the right primary carotid caused by enteritis due to salmonella in a 75-year-old patient at high risk for surgery (myocardial ischemia evolving over 3 months) and with coexisting stenosis of 75% of the left internal carotid. endarterectomy of the left internal carotid, with shunting, was performed, after which the right primary carotid was tied during the same operation. epidural anesthesia to c6-c7 was pro ... | 1995 | 8560057 |
| mice as carriers of salmonella enteritidis on persistently infected poultry units. | evidence of the possible role of wild mice in the epidemiology of salmonella enteritidis infection on broiler breeder and layer breeder units was obtained by a bacteriological examination of local mice. persistent s enteritidis infection in birds on these units had been a problem and a high proportion of the mice were found to carry salmonella. s enteritidis was isolated from the liver and the intestine of most of the mice, indicating a systemic infection. three-week-old chicks were infected by ... | 1995 | 8560683 |
| effect of antibiotic treatment on competitive exclusion against salmonella enteritidis pt4 in broilers. | | 1995 | 8560687 |
| clinical disorders observed in anteaters (myrmecophagidae, edentata) in captivity. | the major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), family myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. the most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, ... | 1995 | 8560755 |
| comparison of environmental monitoring protocols for the detection of salmonella in poultry houses. | environmental monitoring has been used as a screening method to detect salmonella enteritidis infection in laying hens. several transport protocols (buffered peptone water, skim milk, asparagine, double distilled water, and no media), to be used for the detection of salmonella in environmental samples from poultry houses, were compared for their ability to preserve the integrity of specimens. the isolation rates of salmonella using the various transport protocols, including double-strength skim ... | 1995 | 8561730 |
| effect of lactose and lactobacillus acidophilus on the colonization of salmonella enteritidis in chicks concurrently infected with eimeria tenella. | the effect of dietary lactose and lactobacillus acidophilus on the colonization of salmonella enteritidis (phage type 4) in newly hatched leghorn chicks concurrently infected with eimeria tenella was studied. there were six groups of birds in each of two replicate trials: uninfected controls, birds infected with s. enteritidis, birds infected with s. enteritidis and e. tenella, birds infected with s. enteritidis and e. tenella that were fed with dietary lactose (5%), birds infected with s. enter ... | 1995 | 8561740 |
| the comparative virulence for chicks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates and isolates of phage types commonly found in poultry in the united states. | phage type 4 salmonella enteritidis has been associated with morbidity and mortality in broiler chickens in the united kingdom. the recent isolation of this phage type from poultry in the united states has raised concerns about whether the current regulatory approach to s. enteritidis should be modified to consider phage type 4 differently from other phage types. the present study assessed and compared the virulence of phage type 4 s. enteritidis isolates, s. enteritidis isolates of other phage ... | 1995 | 8561742 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis aggravates reperfusion injury after hepatic ischemia and endotoxemia. | the potential role of nitric oxide (no) was investigated in the pathophysiology of liver injury after priming with 20 min hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and administration of .5 mg/kg salmonella enteritidis endotoxin. liver injury during the early reperfusion phase of 4 h was characterized by severe vascular oxidant stress, lipid peroxidation (lpo), neutrophil infiltration, and a 33% reduction of the microvascular blood flow in the liver. inhibition of no synthesis with n omega-nitro-l-arginine me ... | 1995 | 8564557 |
| comparative in vitro activity of furopenem against aerobic bacteria isolated from pediatric patients. | the in vitro activity of the oral penem furopenem (wy-49605, 545555, sun5555, and alp201) was tested against clinical bacteria isolated from pediatric patients. furopenem was compared with clarithromycin, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, cefixime, and cefuroxime. furopenem demonstrated consistent activity against escherichia coli [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) = 1.0 microgram/ml)] klebsiella pneumoniae (mic90 = 2.0 micrograms/ml), salmonella enteriditis and ... | 1995 | 8565421 |
| in vivo acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in salmonella enteritidis during antimicrobial therapy. | the recovery of a salmonella enteritidis strain that acquired resistance to beta-lactams (including cefotaxime), to aminoglycosides and to chloramphenicol subsequent to cefotaxime therapy is reported. this resistance pattern to beta-lactams was due to the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. the isoelectric point of this extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was 6.3. the resistance genes were located on a transferable high-molecular-weight plasmid. | 1995 | 8565990 |
| g 619, a dual thromboxane synthase inhibitor and thromboxane a2 receptor antagonist, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthesis. | g 619 is 3-carbamyl-(3'-picolyl)-4-methoxy-1-benzamide. the compound is structurally related to picotamide, a previously reported dual thromboxane synthase inhibitor/thromboxane a2 receptor antagonist, which displays inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha. the aim of the present work was to study the effect of g 619 on tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis both in vivo and in vitro. salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide was used to induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. s ... | 1995 | 8566149 |
| calcium in milk and fermentation by yoghurt bacteria increase the resistance of rats to salmonella infection. | calcium in milk products stimulates gastric acid secretion and inhibits the cytolytic activity of intestinal contents. based on these effects, it was hypothesised that calcium might lessen the severity of food borne intestinal infections. the possible differential effects of a low calcium milk and normal milk products (milk, acidified milk, and pasteurised yoghurt) on the resistance of rats to a salmonella infection was therefore studied. rats were infected orally with salmonella enteritidis jus ... | 1996 | 8566860 |
| experimental oral infection of specific pathogen-free laying hens and cocks with salmonella enteritidis strains. | a total of 105 specific pathogen-free (spf) laying hens and eight cocks were orally infected with strains of salmonella enteritidis. the organs of these animals were examined bacteriologically for up to 6 weeks post infectionem (p.i.). one-half of the eggs laid on a single day were examined 1 day after laying, and the other half 28 days after laying. the siderophore, ferrioxamine e, was added to the pre-enrichment medium. a high correlation was found to exist between colonization of the caecum b ... | 1995 | 8578920 |
| infection model for hatching chicks infected with salmonella enteritidis. | a total of six different strains of salmonella enteritidis (phage type 4) were used for the artificial infection of the egg yolk and albumen of spf hatching eggs. an artificial yolk infection with low infection doses of s. enteritidis resulted in a considerable multiplication of salmonellas in the egg after a short time and a rapid embryonic death. after inoculation of 10(3) cfu of different s. enteritidis strains into the albumen, living day-old chicks infected with salmonellas were hatched. th ... | 1995 | 8578921 |
| salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene is prevalent among strains of salmonella enterica, but not among salmonella bongori and other enterobacteriaceae. | all strains and serovars of salmonella enterica such as serovar typhimurium, enteritidis, dublin, typhi, etc. were found to carry the salmonella enterotoxin determinant stn as far as examined in pcr and hybridization studies. however, using mdck cells for testing the toxicity of the strains under investigation, only a limited number of stn positive strains revealed phenotypically the salmonella enterotoxin stn. in contrast to s. enterica, other enterobacteriaceae including salmonella bongori wer ... | 1995 | 8580901 |
| [model for experimental efficacy testing of control measures against salmonella infections in poultry]. | an infection model is shown for testing the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic measures against s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis infections of chickens at different ages. by detecting viable counts in caecum and liver or spleen respectively at weekly intervals after administration of salmonellas (crop instillation) the course of salmonella infection can be grasped. oral application of the salmonella strains used (s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis) to 1-day-old chickens at a dose of 10(2) ... | 1995 | 8582255 |
| erythema nodosum associated with salmonella enteritidis infection. | | 1995 | 8584331 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enteritidis. an outbreak and sporadic cases studied by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | large outbreaks of diarrhoea due to salmonella enteritidis in aichi-ken, japan, provided the opportunity to investigate aspects of the molecular epidemiology of this and related organisms. this was performed by comparing the plasmid profile types, phage types, antimicrobial resistance, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of s. enteritidis from outbreaks and sporadic cases. among the isolates studied, 10 distinctive rflp types were ... | 1995 | 8586841 |
| polymorphism of rrna genes and plasmid analysis in the typing of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from a spanish health area. | a molecular epidemiological study of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) in a spanish health area was carried out using two genotypic methods; polymorphism of rrna genes (ribotyping) and plasmid analysis. the series included 100 isolates randomly selected from among those collected over the period 1984-92 (50 from sporadic episodes and 50 from 10 outbreaks). ribotyping using hindiii, smai, and ecori showed a notable degree of homogeneity within enteritidis serovar, it being ... | 1995 | 8590390 |
| early single dose therapy with ofloxacin for empirical treatment of acute gastroenteritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. | this study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of single dose ofloxacin for acute diarrhoea. eligible patients were 16 years of age or older with a history of acute diarrhoea lasting no more than 48 h; 117 patients were randomised and 97.4% (114/117) were evaluable for efficacy. of these, 58% were suspected to have ingested contaminated foods. enteric pathogens were isolated in 61.5% of the patients, sa ... | 1995 | 8591941 |
| [occurrence of salmonella in fecal samples of dogs and cats in northern bavaria from 1975 to 1994]. | 103 (3.45%) of 2985 fecal samples from dogs respectively 39 (1.92%) of 2024 fecal samples from cats bacteriologically examined during the years 1975 to 1994 yielded salmonellae. the 103 salmonella strains of dogs belonged to 32 different serovars and in the cats the 39 strains found represented a total of 17 different serovars. the most frequently detected serovar was s. typhimurium including var. copenhagen, with 33% in the dogs and 49% in the cats. | 1995 | 8593130 |
| salmonella enteritidis: the egg and i. | | 1995 | 8599576 |
| neutral endopeptidase modulates septic shock. | neutral endopeptidase (nep; ec 3.4.24.11) is a type-2 cell-surface metalloproteinase known by a variety of eponyms, including enkephalinase, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (calla), and cd10. identified substrates are largely neural or humoral oligopeptide agonists, and the enzyme functions to terminate signaling by degrading the ligand, analogous to the acetylcholine/acetylcholinesterase system. targeted disruption of the nep locus in mice results in enhanced lethality to endotoxin ... | 1996 | 8602728 |
| salmonella fimbriae: novel antigens in the detection and control of salmonella infections. | fimbriae are thin, proteinaceous surface organelles produced by members of the enterobacteriaceae, including most salmonellas. a number of fimbrial antigens expressed by strains of salmonella enteritidis and s. typhimurium have now been described and characterized. however, their functions are still poorly understood, although some evidence indicates they have a role in bacterial survival in the host or external environment. diagnostic tests based on the detection of fimbriae or specific antibod ... | 1995 | 8605578 |
| epitope maps of the escherichia coli heat-labile toxin b subunit for development of a synthetic oral vaccine. | linear b- and t-cell epitopes spanning all 103 amino acids of the escherichia coli heat-labile toxin b subunit (lt-b) were assessed in mice orally immunized with native lt or with recombinant salmonella enteritidis expressing lt-b. oral administration of native lt induced mucosal immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies reactive with an epitope at residues 85 to 91, while iga induced by recombinant salmonella lt-b reacted with an epitope at residues 36 to 44. serum igg anti-lt-b antibodies from mice or ... | 1996 | 8606092 |
| age-related mortality and adherent splenic cell mediator production to endotoxin in the rat. | rat neonatal mortality to endotoxin and age-related changes in adherent splenic cell mediator production in vitro were investigated. neonatal rat pups, 24, 48, 96, and 216 h old or maternal adult rats were administered doses of salmonella enteritidis endotoxin, (.024 mg to 7.5 mg/kg) and survival was monitored for 72 h. mortality demonstrated high sensitivity (p < .05) of neonates to endotoxin (particularly 24 h old neonates). endotoxin administration .6 mg/kg intracardiac) produced a 100% letha ... | 1995 | 8608403 |
| endotoxin-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa b and expression of e-selectin messenger rna in hepatocytes, kupffer cells, and endothelial cells in vivo. | endotoxin causes neutrophil sequestration in the liver and severe vascular and parenchymal cell injury. inducible adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and selectins are involved in neutrophil recruitment to an inflammatory site in vivo. the objective of our study was to characterize the translocation of the nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappa b) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (nf-kappa b activation) during endotoxemia using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and to ... | 1996 | 8609416 |
| a national outbreak of salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. the investigation team. | in september 1994, the minnesota department of health detected an increase in the number of reports of salmonella enteritidis infections. after a case-control study implicated a nationally distributed brand of ice cream (schwan's) in the outbreak, the product was recalled and further epidemiologic and microbiologic investigations were conducted. | 1996 | 8609944 |
| how safe is our food? lessons from an outbreak of salmonellosis. | | 1996 | 8609952 |
| salmonella enteritidis liver abscess within hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1996 | 8610595 |
| [epidemiological studies in 2 episodes of food poisoning by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the epidemic strains]. | | 1994 | 8611233 |
| eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. | four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of eimeria tenella infection on the recrudescence of salmonella enteritidis in previously infected chickens. significant recrudescence of cecal colonization in the birds challenged with e. tenella was observed at 3 wk after s. enteritidis infection in experiment 1, at 3 and 4 wk in experiment 2, and at 3, 4, and 5 wk in experiments 3 and 4. the recrudescence was indicated by .81 to 6.31 logs increase in cecal s. enteritidis counts and by high ... | 1995 | 8614687 |
| [the effect of acidification on salmonella enteritidis in a defined medium]. | effects of five acids on three highly virulent strains of salmonella enteritidis in a defined medium were investigated at various inoculum sizes. the following minimal inhibition concentrations (mic) were found for the acids: citric and tartaric-0.2%, ph 4.0 and 3.8, respectively; acetic and propionic-0.1%, ph 4.5 and 4.6, respectively; hydrochloric-0.05%, ph 3.6. bactericidal effect was evident in the organic acids at the concentration 0.4% within the ph range 3.3-3.9, and in the hydrochloric a ... | 1996 | 8619279 |
| specific detection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis using the polymerase chain reaction. | an assay was developed for the specific detection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, using a novel application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this pcr assay is based on the mismatch amplification mutation assay, an allele-specific reaction, and can discriminate enteritidis from all other salmonella. pcr primers were selected to amplify a 351-base pair (bp) dna fragment from the salmonella plasmid virulence a (spv a) gene of enteritidis. a single base difference at position 272 ... | 1996 | 8620904 |
| a hospital outbreak of salmonella food poisoning due to inadequate deep-fat frying. | in an outbreak of plasmid-free salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) food poisoning at a hospital for mentally handicapped people in july 1990, 101 residents and 8 staff were affected and a cohort study implicated beef rissoles cooked by deep-fat frying as the vehicle of infection (relative risk 2.92, 95% confidence interval 1.73-4.93, p << 0.001). replication of the cooking process demonstrated that the rissoles achieved core temperatures of only 48-60 degrees c despite external temperature ... | 1996 | 8620906 |
| consecutive salmonella outbreaks traced to the same bakery. | two consecutive community outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) traced to the same bakery occurred in cardiff, wales during august-september 1992. in the first outbreak, illness was associated with eating custard slices (odds ratio 23.8, 95% confidence interval 6.5-94.4, p < 0.0001), and in the second, with eating fresh cream cakes (odds ratio 15.8, 95% confidence interval 1.6-374, p = 0.004). environmental investigations implicated cross-contamination during preparation of the ... | 1996 | 8620907 |
| the 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate protects against liver injury via membrane stabilization not inhibition of lipid peroxidation. | whether tirilazad mesylate (u-74006f) protects against liver injury by inhibition of lipid peroxidation or by cell membrane stabilization was investigated. in male fischer rats subjected to 20 min of hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion and injection of 0.5 mg/kg salmonella enteritidis endotoxin, developed of liver injury was accompanied by lipid peroxidation, as indicated by 81 to 184% increases in hepatic 8-, 9-, 11-, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid content and a 85% increase of plasma ... | 1996 | 8627550 |
| [successful antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin in pleural empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis]. | | 1996 | 8628205 |
| the location of four fimbrin-encoding genes, agfa, fima, sefa and sefd, on the salmonella enteritidis and/or s. typhimurium xbai-blni genomic restriction maps. | four fimbrin-encoding genes, fima (type-1 or sef21 fimbriae), agfa (thin aggregative or sef17 fimbriae), sefa (sef14 fimbriae and sefd (sef18 fimbriae) from salmonella enteritidis (se) 27655-3b were located onto the xbai-blni genomic restriction maps of salmonella typhimurium (st) lt2 and se strains ssu7998 and 27655-3b. the xbai or blni genomic fragments carrying these genes were identified by hybridization with labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides or fimbrin-encoding genes. the fimbrin-encoding g ... | 1996 | 8635753 |
| [the plasmid profile, a useful marker in studying a focus of salmonella enteritidis food poisoning]. | | 1995 | 8640008 |
| changes in susceptibility of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella virchow to six antimicrobial agents in a spanish hospital, 1980-1994. | to determine changes in the susceptibility patterns of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella virchow over time, resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid was studied by the disk diffusion method in 1,024, 191, and 61 clinical isolates of these organisms, respectively. all isolates were recovered from 1980 to 1994 at a hospital in madrid, spain. salmonella enteritidis isolates were less resistant ... | 1996 | 8641312 |
| effect of vaccination of hens with an avirulent strain of salmonella typhimurium on immunity of progeny challenged with wild-type salmonella strains. | the avirulent salmonella typhimurium chi3985 was used to vaccinate white leghorn chickens at 16 and 18 weeks of age, and the effect of maternal antibody on salmonella colonization of progeny of vaccinated hens was assessed with s. typhimurium f98 or chi3985. progeny of hens that had been vaccinated at 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 weeks of age with chi3985 were used to determine the effect of maternal immunity on vaccine efficacy. vaccination of hens induced long-lasting salmonella-specific antibodies whic ... | 1996 | 8641804 |
| persisting fever after gastroenteritis. | | 1996 | 8642961 |
| public health risk from salmonella-based rodenticides. | | 1996 | 8643007 |
| [the role and importance of plasmid resistance in certain pathogenic enterobacteria]. | conjugation, as a process of gene recombination where r-plasmids are transferred from resistant to sensitive genera of bacteria, is very important in the onset and development of infective multiple resistance to the bacterial division potential, whereas it enables fast spreading of resistant genera in the human population. problems in regard to etiologic therapy of intestinal infections are most serious in shigellosis which is shown in our results of examining 450 genera of shigella-sonnei isola ... | 1995 | 8643062 |
| antibiotic resistance mechanisms in salmonella species causing bacteraemia in malawi and kenya. | in two studies on the causative agents of bacteraemia in malawi and kenya, 33 salmonella strains were isolated. fourteen strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis were found to exhibit resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole as well as decreased susceptibility to a range of aminoglycosides. the resistant strains were studied to establish their resistance mechanisms. beta-lactamase co-focusing with tem-1 was present in 12 strains. in two strains ... | 1996 | 8645470 |
| increasing ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonellas in england and wales 1991-1994. | ciprofloxacin is now widely used as the drug of choice for those severe salmonella infections where antibiotic therapy is indicated. between 1991 and 1994 ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonellas isolated from humans in england and wales increased from 0.3% to 2.1%. among the most prevalent serotypes the highest incidence was seen in salmonella hadar where ciprofloxacin resistance has increased from 2.0% in 1991 to 39.6% in 1994. the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance remains uncommon in other ... | 1996 | 8647778 |
| a malignant pleural effusion infected with salmonella enteritidis. | a patient is described with a unilateral pleural effusion persistently infected with salmonella enteritidis. the infection was eventually eradicated with ciprofloxacin. a computed tomographic scan and mediastinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated an underlying small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. | 1996 | 8658357 |
| foodborne outbreaks caused by salmonella in italy, 1991-4. | this report summarizes studies on 1699 foodborne outbreaks, in italy, reported to the istituto superior di sanità (iss) (the national institute of health of italy, rome) during the period 1991-4. the most frequently reported foodborne outbreaks were caused by salmonellae (81%), in particular by salmonella enteritidis and non-serotyped group d salmonella (34% and 33% of the total salmonella outbreaks, respectively). a vehicle was implicated in 69% of the salmonella outbreaks; eggs were implicated ... | 1996 | 8666068 |
| tonb-dependent iron supply in salmonella by alpha-ketoacids and alpha-hydroxyacids. | a range of structurally diverse alpha-ketoacids and alpha-hydroxyacids promoted the growth of isolates of salmonella serovars s. typhimurium, s. enteritidis, s. agona, s. paratyphi and s. stanleyville in iron restricted conditions in the absence of functional siderophores. growth stimulation, observed both in cross-feeding tests on solid medium and in liquid cultures, and uptake of 55fe in the presence of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, were tonb dependent in s. typhimurium. in this respect the mecha ... | 1996 | 8666202 |
| alterations in macrophage g proteins are associated with endotoxin tolerance. | previous studies have suggested that endotoxin tolerance induces macrophage desensitization to endotoxin through altered guanine nucleotide regulatory (g) protein function. in the present study the binding characteristics of the nonhydrolyzable gtp analogue gtp gamma [35s] to macrophage membranes from endotoxin tolerant and control rats were determined. membranes were prepared from peritoneal macrophages harvested from rats 72 h after two sequential daily doses of vehicle or salmonella enteritid ... | 1996 | 8672540 |
| evaluation of sef14 fimbrial dot blot and flagellar western blot tests as indicators of salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. | the serological responses to salmonella enteritidis flagella (h: g,m) and its fimbrial antigen sef14 were evaluated as indicators of infection in chickens and to confirm serological results obtained by an elisa using s enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps) (o: 9,12) as the detecting antigen. the sef14 antigen and flagella were extracted from s enteritidis and transferred to nitrocellulose paper for use in western and dot blot tests. antisera to 19 salmonella serotypes including s enteritidis were ... | 1996 | 8677603 |
| [septic arthritis caused by salmonella enteritidis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. | systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is among the chronic diseases thought to predispose patients to severe salmonella infections. however, arthritis and osteomyelitis due to this microorganisms are more frequently seen in patients with sickle-cell disease than sle. we report two cases of sle and osteoarticular infections by salmonella enteritidis: a 36-years old woman with bilateral knee arthritis associated with femoral osteomyelitis and a 22-years-old woman who presented with left knee arthriti ... | 1996 | 8679820 |
| detection of antibodies to salmonella enteritidis in sera and yolks from experimentally and naturally infected chickens. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4, was developed for the detection of antibodies to salmonella. sera and yolks from chickens infected experimentally with s enteritidis showed strong positive reactions. cross-reactions occurred with sera from chickens inoculated with s typhimurium or s gallinarum. cross-reactions were weak with sera from chickens infected with five strains of other enterobacteriaceae. ... | 1996 | 8686137 |
| transforming growth factor beta 1 alters rat peritoneal macrophage mediator production and improves survival during endotoxic shock. | transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in wound healing. because of its anti-inflammatory actions, the effects of tgf-beta 1 were studied in vitro on rat macrophage inflammatory mediator production and in vivo on salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (lps) induced lethality. tgf-beta 1's effect on stimulated rat peritoneal macrophage (mo) production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide were assessed via measurement of their stable metabolites, 6-ket ... | 1996 | 8688491 |
| radiodetoxified endotoxin-induced tolerance. effect on endotoxin lethality and macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism. | endotoxin (lps) tolerance produces changes in macrophage mediator production which is thought to be responsible for the acquired lps resistance. detoxification of lps by gamma irradiation has been reported to diminish certain noxious properties while retaining its tolerance inducing actions. we compared the efficacy of lps and radiodetoxified (rd)-lps from escherichia coli o101 on stimulating rat peritoneal macrophage arachidonic acid (aa) metabolism, measured by thromboxane (txb2). changes in m ... | 1995 | 8689094 |
| [a case of empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis]. | a 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on jan. 10, 1995 complaining of bloody sputum, left back pain and fever of 39 degrees c. he had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 45 years ago. his chest x-ray and ct showed the presence of air-fluid level in the left pleural cavity with thickening and calcification of the pleura. salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and stool. he was diagnosed as suffering from salmonella-empyema with an internal fist ... | 1996 | 8690955 |
| seasonal variations in the isolation of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens from environmental samples. | calf carcasses contaminated with s. typhimurium, b. cereus and cl. perfringens were placed in either a decomposition pit or in a deep burial pit. salmonella was isolated from the soil around the decomposition pit for 27 weeks and for 15 weeks around the burial site. salmonella re-appeared in soil samples during cold winter weather after an apparent 9-week absence from the decomposition pit and after 68 weeks in the burial site (a total of 88 weeks after the start of the experiment). there was al ... | 1996 | 8693843 |
| effect of short-chain fatty acids on the size of enteric bacteria. | the size of escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis pt4 cells was measured using both transmission electron micrographs and image analysis. incubation in the presence of formic and propionic acids resulted in larger cells, possibly as a result of dna inhibition, with no apparent damage to the cell membranes. bacteria incubated with propionic acid were more resistant to shrinkage after fixation, possibly as a result of altered phospholipid and fatty acid composition. | 1996 | 8695064 |
| serum survival and plasmid possession by strains of salmonella enteritidis, salm. typhimurium and salm. virchow. | strains of salmonella enteritidis, salm. typhimurium and salm. virchow, carrying different numbers of plasmids, were examined for the ability to multiply in sera. viable counts were performed to monitor the kinetics of growth of bacteria when in human, chicken and turkey sera. the presence of plasmids in salm. enteritidis, salm. typhimurium and salm. virchow reduced considerably the ability of strains of these serotypes to multiply in serum. sds-page was used to show that growth of salm. enterit ... | 1996 | 8698651 |
| rapid physicochemical detachment, separation and concentration of bacteria from beef surfaces. | a simple, rapid, physicochemical treatment for the removal of viable bacteria from the surface of raw and cooked beef is described. the detachment method was linked to a differential centrifugation step which removed large amounts of particulate food matter and concentrated the detached bacteria. the method increased the numbers of bacteria released from beef surfaces and increased the numbers detected by at least one and a half orders of magnitude, when compared to the traditional 'stomaching' ... | 1996 | 8698669 |
| immune functions of immunoglobulin y isolated from egg yolk of hens immunized with various infectious bacteria. | we studied the immune functions of igy obtained from hens immunized with a mixture of formalin-treated pathogenic bacteria. the igy inhibited the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa, the production of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-a, and adhesion of salmonella enteritidis to cultured human intestinal cells (caco 2). the results indicated that igy specific for plural bacteria has effects useful toward prevention of bacterial diseases. | 1996 | 8704318 |
| cytokine release by porcine livers perfused with lipopolysaccharide or live salmonella choleraesuis. | to develop a model to study the kinetics and relative amounts of cytokines produced by liver cells during enteric infection. | 1996 | 8712509 |
| salmonella enteritidis in eggs, cloacal swab specimens, and internal organs of experimentally infected white leghorn chickens. | to investigate prevalence of salmonella enteritidis-positive eggs, excretion of the organism in fecal droppings, and infection of internal organs after oral inoculation of white leghorn hens with s enteritidis phage type 8. | 1996 | 8712512 |
| efficacy of salmonella enteritidis (se)-immune lymphokines from chickens and turkeys on se liver invasion in one-day-old chicks and turkey poults. | we have shown previously that increased resistance to salmonella enteritidis (se) organ infectivity in 1-day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of se-immune lymphokines (seilk). these lymphokines have been found to be present in the cell culture media of concanavalin a-stimulated splenic lymphocytes obtained from se-immunized chickens. in the present study we evaluated whether turkeys also produced seilk and whether these lymphokines could protect 1-day-old chicks ... | 1996 | 8713033 |
| heat destruction of salmonella in poultry feed: effect of time, temperature, and moisture. | salmonella enteriditis in poultry feed declines with increasing time of exposure to heat. the interactions of temperature, time, and moisture and their effect on the thermal death of s. enteriditis were established in a factorial randomized experiment. two other serotypes were tested, and though there was some variation, the thermal death rate followed the same basic pattern. a number of samples of poultry feed were collected and dried. after drying, the water was added back to give specific per ... | 1996 | 8713051 |
| [detection of resistance to the amoxicillin-clavulamic acid combination in salmonella and shigella]. | to study the emergence of amoxicilline/clavulanate resistance in salmonella and shigella. | 1996 | 8714185 |
| pathogenicity and persistence of salmonella enteritidis and egg contamination in normal and infectious bursal disease virus-infected leghorn chicks. | the pathogenicity and persistence of salmonella enteritidis (se) phage type 8 and resulting egg contamination in normal and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-infected white leghorn chicks were evaluated over 34 weeks and in some birds over a 64-week period. four hundred 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) straight-run white-leghorn chickens were allotted into four treatment groups: negative control, ibdv-infected, ibdv+se-infected, and se-infected. chicks were infected with ibdv at 1 day ... | 1995 | 8719211 |