| adsorption of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dna vaccine candidate onto biodegradable nanoparticles improves immunogenicity in mice. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an economically devastating viral disease of pigs. safer and more effective vaccines are urgently needed. in this study, a synthetic orf5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was adsorbed onto poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylenimine (plga/pei) nanoparticles. we prepared a plga-nanoparticle-adsorbed prrsv dna vaccine and a pei-dna complex. the results showed that these model vaccines could significantl ... | 2015 | 25877819 |
| the first detection of prrsv in wild boars in slovakia. | prrsv was confirmed by a nested rt-pcr in two out of 129 samples originating from wild boars from eastern slovakia. virus isolates were genetically typed in orf7 as prrsv-1, eu-1 with 99.7% (sample 14wb) and 100% (sample 10wb) nucleotide sequence similarity to lelystad reference strain and porcilis prrs vaccine strain, respectively. the origin of prrsv in these wild boars is unclear but it is highly likely that virus was transmitted from vaccinated domestic pigs to wild boars. | 2015 | 25876282 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of single or dual infections with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of single or dual infections with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pigs. pigs were inoculated intranasally with type 1 or type 2 prrsv or both viruses together. pigs infected with type 1 and type 2 prrsv together had significantly (p <0.05) fewer genomic copies of type 1 prrsv than did pigs infected with type 1 prrsv alone. pigs infected with type 2 prrsv alone or type 1 and type 2 prrsv togeth ... | 2015 | 25869916 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection in aborted fetuses, mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus detection in aborted fetuses (n=32), mummified fetuses (n=30) and stillborn piglets (n=27) from 10 swine herds in thailand using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). pooled organs and umbilical cord from each fetus/piglet were homogenized and subjected to rna extraction and cdna synthesis. the qpcr was carried out on the orf7 of the prrs viral genome using ... | 2015 | 25866409 |
| difference in microrna expression and editing profile of lung tissues from different pig breeds related to immune responses to hp-prrsv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most devastating diseases for the pig industry. our goal was to identify micrornas involved in the host immune response to prrs. we generated microrna expression profiles of lung tissues from tongcheng or landrace pigs infected with a highly pathogenic prrs virus (prrsv) at 3, 5, 7 dpi (day post infection) and control individuals from these two breeds. our data showed that 278 known and 294 novel micrornas were expressed in these ... | 2015 | 25856272 |
| comparison of two commercial type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified live vaccines against heterologous type 1 and type 2 prrsv challenge in growing pigs. | the objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of two commercial type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified live vaccines against heterologous type 1 and type 2 prrsv challenge in growing pigs. vaccination with a type 1 prrsv vaccine reduced the level of viremia after type 1 prrsv challenge but did not reduce the level of viremia after the type 2 prrsv challenge in pigs. increased levels of interleukin-10 (il-10) stimulated by type 2 prrsv coincid ... | 2015 | 25855554 |
| enhanced detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in fixed tissues by in situ hybridization following tyramide signal amplification. | this study evaluated the sensitivity of biotinyl-tyramide-based in situ hybridization (tish) method by comparison with chromogenic in situ hybridization (cish) and immunohistochemical staining (ihc) methods. this study also determined the effect of fixative and fixation time on the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in paraffin-embedded tissues. lung samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (pfa) or 10% neutral buffered formalin (nbf) for various times befo ... | 2015 | 25855364 |
| broadly neutralizing antibodies against the rapidly evolving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | neutralizing antibodies are a critical part of the immune armory for defense against viruses, and the mechanism by which many effective vaccines work to protect against viral infections. however, infections by rapidly evolving and genetically diverse viruses are often characterized by ineffective neutralizing antibody responses. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a highly genetically diverse rna virus that causes prrs, the most significant disease of pigs worldwide. t ... | 2015 | 25845944 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. | some vaccination strategies have shown good results in reducing the clinical outcomes of prrs. nevertheless the effect of vaccines on viral transmission is poorly described, so we aimed to fill this gap with the present study. twelve specific pathogen free (spf) piglets, vaccinated against prrsv at 3 weeks of age (porcilis prrs id(®), msd), were inoculated at 31 days post-vaccination with a heterologous genogroup 1.1 strain, and put in contact with 12 vaccinated piglets during 49 days. the same ... | 2015 | 25820061 |
| the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) fused to the porcine arterivirus matrix m and gp5 envelope proteins fails to enhance the gp5-specific antibody response in pigs immunized with adenovectors. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an arterivirus of the arteriviridae family. as the current commercial vaccines are incompletely protective effective against prrsv infection, we developed a vaccine strategy using replicating but non-disseminating adenovectors (radvs) expressing the prrsv m matrix protein in fusion with the neutralizing major epitope-carrying gp5 envelope protein (roques et al. in vet res 44:17, 2013). although production of gp5-specific antibodi ... | 2015 | 25801418 |
| pathogenicity of three type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains in experimentally inoculated pregnant gilts. | mechanisms of reproductive failure resulting from infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are still poorly understood. presented herein are the results of a side-by-side evaluation of the pathogenicity of three type 2 prrsv strains in a reproductive model, from a pilot study used to develop experimental conditions and laboratory methods for a larger experiment. pregnant gilts were experimentally infected with prrsv at gestation day 85 or served as uninfected ne ... | 2015 | 25796212 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) topology and selective isoform integration in artificial membranes. | the membrane insertion and topology of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain vr-2332 was assessed using a cell free translation system in the presence or absence of artificial membranes. expression of prrsv nsp2 in the absence of all other viral factors resulted in the genesis of both full-length nsp2 as well as a select number of c-terminal nsp2 isoforms. addition of membranes to the translation stabilized the translation reaction, ... | 2015 | 25768891 |
| involvement of cd16 in antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | the immunological effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disease virus (prrsv) vaccines is thought to be influenced by a variety of host factors, in which antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of infection is one crucial factor. here, we assessed the mechanism of ade of prrsv infection. first, we found that subneutralizing serum could induce ade of prrsv infection in porcine alveolar macrophages (pams). quantitative pcr, western blotting and flow cytometry revealed that cd16 is t ... | 2015 | 25752917 |
| licl inhibits prrsv infection by enhancing wnt/β-catenin pathway and suppressing inflammatory responses. | lithium chloride (licl) has been used as a mood stabilizer in the manic depressive disorders treatment. recent studies show that licl is also a potent inhibitor for some dna and rna viruses. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an important viral pathogen in modern pig industry. in this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of licl on prrsv infection using plaque-formation assay, q-pcr and western blot analysis. our results showed that licl could inhibit prrsv infect ... | 2015 | 25746333 |
| assessment of the safety and efficacy of an attenuated live vaccine based on highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the safety and efficacy of the jxa1-r vaccine, an attenuated strain of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv), were examined using an intramuscular challenge model in piglets. the jxa1-r vaccine was obtained by passing hp-prrsv jxa1 through marc-145 cells (82nd passage). genomic sequence comparisons showed that strain jxa1-r and its parental strain, jxa1, differ by 47 amino acids, and most of these differences are scattered throughout the prrsv genome. f ... | 2015 | 25739919 |
| a comparative study of the local cytokine response in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with different prrsv-1 strains: upregulation of il-1α in highly pathogenic strain induced lesions. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv) show high genetic differences both among and within genotypes. recently, several highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) strains have been described. this study compares and characterizes the production of cytokines by pulmonary macrophages in pigs experimentally infected with four different prrsv-1 strains: two low-virulent strains, lelystad (lv) and a british field strain (215-06); a hp strain (su1-bel) from belarus and the attenuated va ... | 2015 | 25739319 |
| n-glycosylation profiling of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus envelope glycoprotein 5. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a positive-sense ssrna virus whose envelope contains four glycoproteins and three nonglycosylated proteins. glycans of major envelope glycoprotein 5 (gp5) are proposed as important for virus assembly and entry into permissive cells. structural characterization of gp5 glycans would facilitate the mechanistic understanding of these processes. thus, we purified the prrsv type 2 prototype strain, vr2332, and analyzed the virion-associate ... | 2015 | 25726973 |
| [correlation between antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pathological-anatomical organ findings in slaughter pigs at farm level]. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) worldwide causes important economic losses in pig production. its causative agent, the prrs virus (prrsv), is one of the most frequently detected infectious agents in relation to respiratory diseases in pigs in austria. we investigated the correlation between the prrsv status of pig farms, determined by detection of prrsv antibodies in the serum of slaughter pigs, and the prevalence of pathological-anatomical lung lesions in slaughter pigs ... | 2015 | 25720548 |
| immunological features of the non-structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is currently one of the most important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. despite the large number of papers published each year, the participation of non-structural proteins (nsps) in the immune response is not completely clear. nsps have been involved in the host innate immune response, specifically, nsp1α/β, nsp2, nsp4 and nsp11 have been associated with the immunomodulation capability of the virus. to date, only partici ... | 2015 | 25719944 |
| evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the leading swine pathogens causing tremendous economic loss to the global swine industry due to its virulence, pathogenesis, infectivity and transmissibility. although formally recognized only two and half decades ago, molecular dating estimation indicates a more ancient evolutionary history, which involved divergence into two genotypes (type 1 and type 2) prior to the 'initial' outbreaks of the late 1980s. type 2 prrsv circu ... | 2015 | 25711962 |
| both nsp1β and nsp11 are responsible for differential tnf-α production induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains with different pathogenicity in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been recognized to be one of the most important pathogens severely affecting global swine industry. an increasingly number of studies have paid much attention to the diverse roles of its nonstructural proteins (nsps) in regulating the innate immune response of host upon prrsv infection. in the present study, we first discovered that highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) and low pathogenic prrsv (lp-prrsv) infection exhibited a differen ... | 2015 | 25708177 |
| genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in thailand and southeast asia from 2008 to 2013. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) affects the swine industry worldwide. annual surveillances taken from 2008 to 2013 revealed a 13.86% prevalence of prrsvs in swine populations in thailand. the selected positive samples were genetically characterized based on global systems and phylogenetic trees that were constructed using 967 orf5 samples from this study, the collective sequences from thailand and southeast asia and reference sequences. the results showed that both ty ... | 2015 | 25704227 |
| small interfering rna targeting nonstructural protein1 α (nsp1α) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can reduce the replication of prrsv in marc-145 cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically devastating and pandemic diseases of swine, which is poorly controlled by current methods. the inhibition of specific genes by small interfering rna (sirna) has been proven to be a potential therapeutic strategy against viral infection. previous studies have indicated that the nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) of prrsv may take an important role in virulence of prrsv. the present work was involved to explo ... | 2015 | 25683113 |
| comparison of experimental infection with northern and southern vietnamese strains of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the aim of this study was to compare the virulence of northern and southern vietnamese strains of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) as assessed by the level of viral replication, gross and microscopical lung lesions and virus distribution in experimentally infected pigs. the northern and southern vietnamese hp-prrsv strains share 96.7% (non-structural protein 2) and 99.3% (open reading frame 5) nucleotide identity. on experimental challenge, approxi ... | 2015 | 25678425 |
| pathological evaluation of reproductive system of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-vaccinated and nonvaccinated anestrus sows and gilts. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate pathologically the reproductive system of nonvaccinated and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-vaccinated sows/gilts, as well as the assessment of vaccination impact on their endometrium/myometrium and ovaries. in a farrow-to-finish farm, all sows and gilts were systematically vaccinated with a prrsv-inactivated vaccine for a period of 18 months. during the last semester before the beginning of the trial, the genital organs (uteru ... | 2015 | 25675140 |
| characterization of two novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with deletions in the gp2 gene. | two newly emerged, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains (henan-a10 and a11) were isolated from the sera of aborting sows. interestingly, both of the isolates could replicate in primary porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cells but not in marc-145 cells. a phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome was constructed and the results showed that henan-a10 and a11 were most closely related to other highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) strains. however, genomic sequence a ... | 2015 | 25669596 |
| prrsv receptors and their roles in virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a restricted cell tropism and prefers to invade well-differentiated cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, such as pulmonary alveolar macrophages and african green monkey kidney cell line ma-104 and its derivatives, such as marc-145, vero and cl-2621. prrsv infection of the host cells actually is a receptor-mediated endocytosis and replication process. the presence and absence of the cellular receptors decide whether the cell lin ... | 2015 | 25666932 |
| functional analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n-glycans in infection of permissive cells. | the role of envelope protein-linked n-glycans in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection of permissive cells was examined. n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and n-acetyllactosamine (lacnac) oligomer-specific lectins bound to prrsv and blocked virus attachment, resulting in reduced viral infection. however, addition of glcnac oligomers and lacnac to cell culture together with prrsv did not block infection. removal or alteration of envelope protein-linked n-glycans also di ... | 2015 | 25662311 |
| the involvement of fak-pi3k-akt-rac1 pathway in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry. | cd163 and sialoadhesin had been reported as the two receptors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. the signaling pathway activated by prrsv entry was seldom reported. in our studies, we demonstrated that prrsv entry triggers fak, pi3k, akt and rac1 activation. the signaling pathway fak-pi3k-akt-rac1 is essential for prrsv entry. blocking fak by pf573228 attenuates the activation of pi3k, akt, rac1 and the cytoskeleton remodeling induced by virus entry. inhib ... | 2015 | 25660453 |
| phylodynamic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in italy: action of selective pressures and interactions between different clades. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is the most relevant and challenging infectious disease to affect swine breeding. despite this, several aspects of the virus' evolution and virus-host interaction are still poorly understood and largely based on knowledge obtained through in vitro or in vivo experimental infections. due to peculiar experimental conditions, our understanding is often contradictory and difficult to infer with respect to actual field conditions. our phylodynamic ... | 2015 | 25660037 |
| simulation of between-farm transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in ontario, canada using the north american animal disease spread model. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), a viral disease of swine, has major economic impacts on the swine industry. the north american animal disease spread model (naadsm) is a spatial, stochastic, farm level state-transition modeling framework originally developed to simulate highly contagious and foreign livestock diseases. the objectives of this study were to develop a model to simulate between-farm spread of a homologous strain of prrs virus in ontario swine farms via direct (a ... | 2015 | 25636969 |
| comparison of pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between wild and domestic pigs. | the objective of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) infection between wild and domestic pigs based on clinical, immunological, and pathological evaluation. upon challenge with hp-prrsv, five wild pigs died compared to none of the domestic. anti-prrsv antibody titers were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wild hp-prrsv-infected pigs versus the domestic hp-prrsv-infected pigs at 21 days post inoculation ( ... | 2015 | 25634036 |
| full genome sequence analysis of a wild, non-mlv-related type 2 hungarian prrsv variant isolated in europe. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a widespread pathogen of pigs causing significant economic losses to the swine industry. the expanding diversity of prrsv strains makes the diagnosis, control and eradication of the disease more and more difficult. in the present study, the authors report the full genome sequencing of a type 2 prrsv strain isolated from piglet carcasses in hungary. next generation sequencing was used to determine the complete genome sequence of the i ... | 2015 | 25616050 |
| the n-n non-covalent domain of the nucleocapsid protein of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhances induction of il-10 expression. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) usually establishes a prolonged infection and causes an immunosuppressive state. it has been proposed that il-10 plays an important role in prrsv-induced immunosuppression. however, this mechanism has not been completely elucidated. in this study, we found that transfection of 3d4/2 macrophages with the n protein gene of type 2 prrsv significantly upregulated il-10 expression at the transcriptional level. moreover, alanine substitution ... | 2015 | 25614594 |
| resolution of the cellular proteome of the nucleocapsid protein from a highly pathogenic isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identifies parp-1 as a cellular target whose interaction is critical for virus biology. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major threat to the swine industry and food security worldwide. the nucleocapsid (n) protein is a major structural protein of prrsv. the primary function of this protein is to encapsidate the viral rna genome, and it is also thought to participate in the modulation of host cell biology and recruitment of cellular factors to facilitate virus infection. in order to the better understand these latter roles the cellular interactome of ... | 2015 | 25614100 |
| in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of tea seed saponins against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the major swine pathogens. this virus causes immune suppression and other secondary infections, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry. tea seed saponins (ts) are a natural extract from tea seeds with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. in this study, we demonstrated that ts possessed anti-prrsv activity. | 2015 | 25609356 |
| preliminary study on prevalence, risk factor and genetic homogeneity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in registered pig farms in heilongjiang, china. | while porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) causes great economic losses in southern and central china, systematic studies on the epidemiology of prrs virus (prrsv) in heilongjiang province had not been performed. therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with prrsv infection, as well as characterize the prrsv in registered pig farms in heilongjiang province, china in 2011. a total of 1237 blood samples were collected from 7 ... | 2016 | 25581817 |
| host-pathogen interactions during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 infection of piglets. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a major disease affecting pigs worldwide and resulting in considerable economic losses. while prrs is a global phenomenon, the causative viruses prrsv-1 (first detected in europe) and prrsv-2 (isolated in north america) are genetically and biologically distinct. in addition, the disease outcome is directly linked to co-infections associated with the porcine respiratory disease complex and the host response is variable between different bree ... | 2015 | 25559070 |
| dynamics and evolution of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus following its introduction into a herd concurrently infected with both types 1 and 2. | since its first emergence in thailand in late 2010, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) has caused sporadic outbreaks on thai swine farms. the objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics and evolution of prrsv in a herd experiencing an hp-prrsv outbreak. following its introduction, hp-prrsv caused severe outbreaks and subsequently established persistent infection in the herd, resulting in the emergence of a novel cluster of type 2 (north a ... | 2015 | 25557456 |
| dietary conjugated linoleic acid and its effect on immune response in pigs infected with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on immune response in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). a total of 18 pigs 4 weeks of age were allocated to 3 treatments, 6 per treatment: 0% cla, 1% cla, and 2% cla. serum il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α; lymphocyte proliferation; and il-2, ifn-γ, il-10, il-4 and il-12 in pbmcs were evaluated. nf-κb, cox2, inos and ppar-γ mrna were also evaluated. no differences were o ... | 2015 | 25544696 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the united states. | to measure incidence and estimate temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in us sow herds. | 2015 | 25535663 |
| re-emerging of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (lineage 3) and increased pathogenicity after genomic recombination with vaccine variant. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was first reported in china since late 1995 and several variants were further reported in subsequence years, causing huge economic losses to the chinese swine industry. to date, three major lineages (lineage 3, 5.1 and 8.7) of type 2 prrsv were reported in china based on our global genotyping. the present study provides the epidemiology of the prrsv in south china based on the isolates collected during 2009-2012, indicating three lineag ... | 2015 | 25529828 |
| regulation and evasion of antiviral immune responses by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | virus infection of mammalian cells triggers host innate immune responses to restrict viral replication and induces adaptive immunity for viral elimination. in order to survive and propagate, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to subvert host defense system by encoding proteins that target key components of the immune signaling pathways. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), a rna virus, impairs several processes of host immune responses including interfering wit ... | 2015 | 25529442 |
| inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by recombinant adenovirus- and/or exosome-delivered the artificial micrornas targeting sialoadhesin and cd163 receptors. | the current vaccines failed to provide substantial protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and the new vaccine development faces great challenges. sialoadhesin (sn) and cd163 are the two key receptors for prrs virus (prrsv) infection of porcine alveolar macrophages (pams), but the artificial microrna (amirna) strategy targeting two viral receptors has not been described. | 2014 | 25522782 |
| comparison of different commercial elisas for detection of antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum. | in recent years, several new elisas for the detection of antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (prrsv) in pig serum have been developed. to interpret the results, specificity and sensitivity data as well as agreement to a reference elisa must be available. in this study, three commercial elisas (ingezim prrs 2.0 - elisa ii, priocheck® prrsv ab porcine - elisa iii and civtest suis prrs e/s plus - elisa iv, detecting prrsv type 1 antibodies) were compared to a s ... | 2014 | 25518885 |
| the gene expression profile of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus indicates overstimulation of the innate immune system by the virus. | since the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) variant emerged in 2006, it has caused death in more than 20 million pigs in china and other southeast asian countries, making it the most destructive swine pathogen currently in existence. to characterize the cellular responses to hp-prrsv infection, the gene expression profile of porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cells, the primary target cells of prrsv, was analyzed in hp-prrsv-infected and uninfected p ... | 2015 | 25504361 |
| identification of the porcine sialoadhesin gene promoter region and its cell-specific expression in porcine alveolar macrophage cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), which is caused by the prrs virus (prrsv), is a communicable disease. prrs caused huge economic losses to swine breeding. the porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cell is the main target cell of prrsv; therefore, it is very important to identify the specific gene promoter that controls expression in pam cells so that the anti-prrsv exogenous gene can be efficiently and specifically expressed in pam cells to improve porcine resistance to prrsv. i ... | 2014 | 25501171 |
| cysteine residues of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus orf5a protein are not essential for virus viability. | orf5a protein was recently identified as a novel structural protein in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the orf5a protein possesses two cysteines at positions 29 and 30 that are highly conserved among type 2 prrsv. in this study, the significance of the orf5a protein cysteine residues on virus replication was determined based on a type 2 prrsv cdna clone (pajxm). each cysteine was substituted by serine or glycine and the mutations were introduced into pajxm. we found ... | 2015 | 25499299 |
| changes in leukocyte subsets of pregnant gilts experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and relationships with viral load and fetal outcome. | in spite of more than two decades of extensive research, the understanding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) immunity is still incomplete. a prrsv infection of the late term pregnant female can result in abortions, early farrowings, fetal death, and the birth of weak, congenitally infected piglets. the objectives of the present study were to investigate changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in third trimester pregnant females infected with type 2 p ... | 2014 | 25497114 |
| mutational analysis of the functional sites in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus non-structural protein 10. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is prevalent throughout the world and has caused major economic losses to the pig industry. arterivirus non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is a superfamily 1 helicase participating in multiple processes of virus replication. prrsv nsp10, however, has not yet been well characterized. in this study, a series of nsp10 mutants were constructed and analysed for functional sites of different enzymic activities. we found that nsp10 could bind b ... | 2015 | 25480929 |
| molecular characterization of the porcine s100a6 gene and analysis of its expression in pigs infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). | our previous microarray study revealed that s100a6 was significantly upregulated in porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). in the present study, we cloned both cdna and genomic dna sequences of the gene. transient transfection indicated that the porcine s100a6 protein was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) revealed that the porcine s100a6 gene w ... | 2015 | 25480733 |
| cytokine profiles in pregnant gilts experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and relationships with viral load and fetal outcome. | in spite of extensive research, immunologic control mechanisms against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) remain poorly understood. cytokine responses have been exhaustively studied in nursery pigs and show contradictory results. since no detailed reports on cytokine responses to prrsv in pregnant females exist, the objectives of this study were to compare host cytokine responses between prrsv-infected and non-infected pregnant gilts, and to investigate relationships bet ... | 2014 | 25479904 |
| in vivo effect of deoxynivalenol (don) naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. | deoxynivalenol (don), also known as vomitoxin, is the most prevalent type b trichothecene mycotoxin worldwide. pigs show a great sensitivity to don, and because of the high proportion of grains in their diets, they are frequently exposed to this mycotoxin. the objective of this study was to determine the impact of don naturally contaminated feed on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection, the most important porcine viral pathogen in swine. experimental infections we ... | 2014 | 25465662 |
| engineering the prrs virus genome: updates and perspectives. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is endemic in most pig producing countries worldwide and causes enormous economic losses to the pork industry. infectious clones for prrsv have been constructed, and so far at least 14 different infectious clones are available representing both genotypes i and ii. two strategies have been taken for progeny reconstitution: rna transfection and dna transfection. mutations, insertions, deletions, and replacements of the viral genome have b ... | 2014 | 25458419 |
| gp5 expression in marc-145 cells inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by inducing beta interferon activity. | the major neutralizing epitope of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is mainly located on virus glycoprotein 5 (gp5). immunization with exogenous gp5 or exposure to native gp5 by means of dna immunization can provide some degree of immune protection to prrsv infection in pigs. however, during prrsv infection in pigs, the production of neutralization antibodies induced by gp5 is delayed or suppressed. this suggests that the synthesis of gp5 is late than some prrsv protein ... | 2014 | 25457367 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and quasispecies evolution in pigs that lack adaptive immunity. | the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was studied in a line of pigs possessing a severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). real-time rt-pcr revealed a unique course of infection for the scid group. during the course of infection, viremia was initially significantly lower than normal littermates, but by 21 days was significantly elevated. deep sequencing of the viral structural genes at days 11 and 21 identified seven amino acid substitutions in both normal ... | 2015 | 25451069 |
| the dead-box rna helicase 5 positively regulates the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interacting with viral nsp9 in vitro. | the nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been recognized to play important roles in viral replication. the present study first screened that the dead-box rna helicase 5 (ddx5) was a cellular protein interacting with the nsp9 of prrsv by a yeast two-hybrid method in a pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) cdna library. next, ddx5 was shown to interact with viral nsp9 in the co-transfected hek293 cells with the ddx5- and nsp9-expressing ... | 2015 | 25449571 |
| linear epitope recognition antibodies strongly respond to the c-terminal domain of hp-prrsv gp5. | a total of 155 peptides derived from the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) glycoprotein 5 (gp5) were printed on a chip to reveal the antigen reaction characteristics of the protein. the reactions of these peptides to hp-prrsv-specific pig serum were scanned and quantified using fluorescence intensity via the pepslide(®) analyzer software. the intensity plots showed different reactions in the different sectors of gp5. the highest reaction intensity v ... | 2014 | 25448446 |
| temporal evolution and potential recombination events in prrsv strains of sonora mexico. | the aim of this work was to examine the evolution and potential existence of intragenic recombinations of prrsv strains in sonora, mexico. in this study, 142 serum samples from farms located in hermosillo (hmo), cd. obregón (obr) and navojoa (nav) were sequenced from 2002 to 2012. ninety non-redundant sequences of orf5 gene were analyzed for temporal and spatial relationships among strains and the probability of a recombination event. the phylogenetic analysis showed 30 strains grouped into eigh ... | 2014 | 25448445 |
| identification of a single nucleotide promoter polymorphism regulating the transcription of ubiquitin specific protease 18 gene related to the resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), characterized by reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease and mortality in piglets, is a major infectious disease that causes great economic loss throughout the world. previous studies revealed that the overexpression of porcine ubiquitin specific protease 18 (usp18) gene inhibits prrsv replication in vitro. the objective of this study is to compare the promoter activity of usp18 in chinese indigenous dapulian (dpl) pigs and duroc ... | 2014 | 25446846 |
| in vivo targeting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen through porcine dc-sign to dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific cd4t cell immunity in pigs. | immunogenicity of protein subunit vaccines may be dramatically improved by targeting them through antibodies specific to c-type lectin receptors (clrs) of dendritic cells in mice, cattle, and primates. this novel vaccine development approach has not yet been explored in pigs or other species largely due to the lack of key reagents. in this study, we demonstrate that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) antigen was targeted efficiently to dendritic cells through antibodies ... | 2014 | 25446829 |
| vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. | the present study assessed the efficacy of vaccination against genotype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in terms of reduction of the transmission. ninety-eight 3-week-old piglets were divided in two groups: v (n=40) and nv (n=58) that were housed separately. v animals were vaccinated with a commercial genotype 1 prrsv vaccine while nv were kept as controls. on day 35 post-vaccination, 14 nv pigs were separated and inoculated intranasally with 2 ml of a heterologous ... | 2015 | 25439650 |
| inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism of protegrin-1 against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes severe diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. currently, no vaccination regimen has proven sustained success in preventing prrsv infection. therefore, there is an urgent need for new antiviral strategies to control prrsv. in this study, the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism of antimicrobial peptide protegrin-1 (pg-1) isolated from porcine leukocytes against prrsv were evaluated in vitro. | 2015 | 25409681 |
| lsm14a inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replication by activating ifn-β signaling pathway in marc-145. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is considered as a significant contributor to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, one of the most economically important diseases for the pig industry worldwide. emerging evidence indicates that pattern recognition receptors play key roles in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. in the present study, we investigated the effects of a novel pattern recognition receptor lsm14a in regulating prrsv replication. resu ... | 2015 | 25408553 |
| genetic diversity of prrs virus collected from air samples in four different regions of concentrated swine production during a high incidence season. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most relevant swine diseases in the us, costing the industry millions of dollars per year. unfortunately, disease control is difficult because of the virus dynamics, as prrs virus (prrsv) can be transmitted by air between farms, especially, in regions with high density of swine operations. while long distance airborne transport of prrsv has been reported, there is little information regarding the dynamics of prrsv airborne challe ... | 2014 | 25405592 |
| cecropin p1 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by blocking attachment. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a continuous threat to the pig industry, causing high economic losses worldwide. current vaccines have specific limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy, so the development of novel antiviral drugs is urgently required. the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cp1) against prrsv infection in vitro. | 2014 | 25403758 |
| full-length genome sequence analysis of a hungarian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from a pig with severe respiratory disease. | here, we report the isolation of a type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain from a clinical outbreak of severe respiratory problems and high fever. next-generation sequencing was used to determine the complete genome sequence of the isolate (9625/2012). the virus belongs to a new branch within subtype 1, clade d, and shows the highest similarity to prrsv olot/1991 and to the amervac vaccine strain. mutation analysis of 9625/2012 revealed no evidence of recombinat ... | 2015 | 25361819 |
| unique epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies against hp-prrsv: deep understanding of antigenic structure and virus-antibody interaction. | highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) is a member of the genus arterivirus within the family arteriviridae. n and gp3 proteins are the immunodominance regions of the prrsv viral proteins. to identify the b-cell linear antigenic epitopes within hp-prrsv n and gp3 proteins, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against n and gp3 proteins were generated and characterized, designated as 3d7 and 1f10 respectively. the mab 3d7 recognized only hun4-f112 not the cor ... | 2014 | 25360600 |
| association between the genetic similarity of the open reading frame 5 sequence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and the similarity in clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in ontario swine herds. | a study of ontario swine farms positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) tested the association between genetic similarity of the virus and similarity of clinical signs reported by the herd owner. herds were included if a positive result of polymerase chain reaction for prrsv at the animal health laboratory at the university of guelph, guelph, ontario, was found between september 2004 and august 2007. nucleotide-sequence similarity and clinical similarity, as deter ... | 2014 | 25355993 |
| beyond the whole genome consensus: unravelling of prrsv phylogenomics using next generation sequencing technologies. | the highly heterogeneous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent responsible for an economically important pig disease with the characteristic symptoms of reproductive losses in breeding sows and respiratory illnesses in young piglets. the virus can be broadly divided into the european and north american-like genotype 1 and 2 respectively. in addition to this intra-strains variability, the impact of coexisting viral quasispecies on disease development h ... | 2014 | 25312450 |
| role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) signalling pathways in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replication. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a positive sense, single-stranded rna genome virus that has become a major infection in swine, exerting huge economic losses to the industry worldwide. detailed knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms by which the virus manipulates the host cell signals transduction machinery is not only critical to further our understanding of viral replication and pathogenesis, but also guides our efforts to design new and improved therapeuti ... | 2014 | 25304692 |
| lung pathogenicity of european genotype 3 strain porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) differs from that of subtype 1 strains. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is difficult to control due to a high mutation rate of the prrs virus (prrsv) and the emergence of virulent strains. the objective of this study was to analyse early and late pathological responses in the respiratory tract after infection with the european prrsv subtype 3 strain lena in comparison to two european prrsv subtype 1 strains: belgium a and lelystad-ter huurne (lv). for each virus strain, groups of twelve pigs were inoculated, and f ... | 2014 | 25301281 |
| generation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by in vitro assembly of viral genomic cdna fragments. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent for a swine disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. infection with prrsv leads to reproductive complications, respiratory illness, and weak immunity to secondary infections. to better control prrsv infection, novel approaches for generating control measures are critically needed. here, in vitro gibson assembly (ga) of viral genomic cdna fragments was tested for its use as a quick and simple method to recover ... | 2015 | 25300804 |
| birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the severity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome was compared in pregnant gilts originating from high and low birth weight litters. one-hundred and eleven pregnant gilts experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on gestation day 85 (±1) were necropsied along with their fetuses 21 days later. ovulation rates and litter size did not differ between groups, but fetuses from low birth weight gilts were shorter, lighter and demonstrated evidence of a ... | 2014 | 25275491 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of type ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a vertical flow visualization strip. | reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was combined with a vertical flow (vf) nucleic acid detection strip to develop a universal assay for the detection of type ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the loop primers were labeled separately with biotin and fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) in this assay. using optimized parameters, the whole reaction could be completed in <50 min in a completely enclosed environment. the detection limit o ... | 2014 | 25241142 |
| integrative model of the immune response to a pulmonary macrophage infection: what determines the infection duration? | the immune mechanisms which determine the infection duration induced by pathogens targeting pulmonary macrophages are poorly known. to explore the impact of such pathogens, it is indispensable to integrate the various immune mechanisms and to take into account the variability in pathogen virulence and host susceptibility. in this context, mathematical models complement experimentation and are powerful tools to represent and explore the complex mechanisms involved in the infection and immune dyna ... | 2014 | 25233096 |
| host mir-26a suppresses replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by upregulating type i interferons. | micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in viral infections, especially by modulating the expression of cellular factors essential to viral replication or the host innate immune response to infection. to identify host mirnas important to controlling porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection, we screened 15 mirnas that were previously implicated in innate immunity or antiviral functions. over-expression of the mir-26 family strongly inhibited prrsv replication in vitro ... | 2015 | 25218480 |
| an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in switzerland following import of boar semen. | an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) occurred in november 2012 in switzerland (ch), traditionally prrsv-free. it was detected after a german boar stud informed a semen importer about the detection of prrsv during routine monitoring. tracing of semen deliveries revealed 26 swiss sow herds that had used semen from this stud after its last negative routine monitoring and 62 further contact herds. all herds were put under movement restrictions and examined serol ... | 2016 | 25209832 |
| threonine and tryptophan supplementation enhance porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (prrs) vaccine-induced immune responses of growing pigs. | the aim of the present study was to investigate influences of threonine and tryptophan supplementation (tts) on immune response of growing pigs inoculated with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine. twenty growing barrows (landrace × yorkshire) were randomly assigned to four groups according to the prrs vaccination and tts. serum samples were collected from all pigs at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 post-vaccination (day 0 defined as the day of vaccinat ... | 2015 | 25186185 |
| emergence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrs) in medium-scale swine farms in southeastern cambodia. | since 2006, reports from china and viet nam have alerted of an emergent highly pathogenic variant of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) in that region. the frequent occurrence of outbreaks in these countries puts cambodian pig farms at high risk of infection, but no study had been conducted to investigate the presence of hp-prrs in cambodian farms. we investigated the presence of hp-prrs in medium-scale (semi-commercial) swine farms in the cambodian southeastern regio ... | 2015 | 25179789 |
| early postnatal respiratory viral infection alters hippocampal neurogenesis, cell fate, and neuron morphology in the neonatal piglet. | respiratory viral infections are common during the neonatal period in humans, but little is known about how early-life infection impacts brain development. the current study used a neonatal piglet model as piglets have a gyrencephalic brain with growth and development similar to human infants. piglets were inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to evaluate how chronic neuroinflammation affects hippocampal neurogenesis and neuron morphology. piglets in the neu ... | 2015 | 25176574 |
| attenuation of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by inserting an additional transcription unit. | transcription regulatory sequences (trss) play a key role in the synthesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) subgenomic mrnas, which resembles similarity-assisted rna recombination. in this study, genome instability was found when a highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) strain was inserted by an additional transcription unit in which a foreign gene gfp was expressed from trs2 while a copy of trs6 drove orf2a/b transcription. structural protein gene-deleted genomes resul ... | 2014 | 25171845 |
| the effects of the context-dependent codon usage bias on the structure of the nsp1α of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the information about the crystal structure of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) leader protease nsp1α is available to analyze the roles of trna abundance of pigs and codon usage of the nsp1 α gene in the formation of this protease. the effects of trna abundance of the pigs and the synonymous codon usage and the context-dependent codon bias (cdcb) of the nsp1 α on shaping the specific folding units (α-helix, β-strand, and the coil) in the nsp1α were analyzed based on th ... | 2014 | 25162025 |
| pkcδ is required for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. | protein kinase c (pkc) that transduces signals to modulate a wide range of cellular functions has been shown to regulate a number of viral infections. herein, we showed that inhibition of pkc with the pkc inhibitor gf109203x significantly impaired porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replication. inhibition of pkc led to virus yield reduction, which was associated with decreased viral rna synthesis and lowered virus protein expression. and this inhibitory effect by pkc inh ... | 2014 | 25155198 |
| observation of high recombination occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in field condition. | recombination in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a well-documented phenomenon. a high recombination frequency has been reported in experimental conditions both in vitro and in vivo, and its role in driving viral evolution has been postulated by several authors. however field evidences are rare, mainly obtained from large-scale sampling and typically represented by single sequences rather than by groups of circulating "recombinant progenies". the present work was ai ... | 2014 | 25150757 |
| the interaction of nonstructural protein 9 with retinoblastoma protein benefits the replication of genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. | the nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that plays a vital role in viral replication. this study first demonstrated that the nsp9 of genotype 2 prrsv interacted with cellular retinoblastoma protein (prb), and nsp9 co-localized with prb in the cytoplasm of prrsv-infected marc-145 cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams). next, the overexpression of truncated prb was shown to inhibit the prrsv ... | 2014 | 25146601 |
| identification of two dominant linear epitopes on the gp3 protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). | glycosylated protein 3 (gp3) of prrsv is variable between different prrsv strains, so it is helpful for subtype classifying by using distinct epitopes. in this study, two dominant linear gp3 epitopes that were recognized by highly dilute serum in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were identified. sequence alignments of 36 north american (na) prrsv isolates revealed that the epitope h(87)delgfmv(94) is well conserved, whereas the epitope t(59)rqaaaeile(68) differs in other low-virulenc ... | 2014 | 25135493 |
| metabolic variations, antioxidant potential, and antiviral activity of different extracts of eugenia singampattiana (an endangered medicinal plant used by kani tribals, tamil nadu, india) leaf. | eugenia singampattiana is an endangered medicinal plant used by the kani tribals of south india. the plant had been studied for its antioxidant, antitumor, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic activity. but its primary and secondary metabolites profile and its antiviral properties were unknown, and so this study sought to identify this aspect in eugenia singampattiana plant through different extraction methods along with their activities against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viru ... | 2014 | 25133179 |
| epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of the prrsv in southern china from 2010 to 2013. | in 2006, a highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) emerged in china and caused lasting damage to the swine industry. to analyze the genetic variation of prrsv in southern china, 126 tissue samples were collected; 41 orf5 and partial nsp2 genes were sequenced and analyzed. the results showed that the prrsv positive rate was 32.54% over the last four years, that there are two main subgenotypes in southern china, and that the dominant strain is hp- ... | 2014 | 25131748 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection triggers hmgb1 release to promote inflammatory cytokine production. | the high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) protein is an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (damp) molecule involved in the pathogenesis of various infectious agents. based on meta-analysis of all publicly available microarray datasets, hmgb1 has recently been proposed as the most significant immune modulator during the porcine response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. however, the function of hmgb1 in prrsv pathogenesis is unclear. in this study, ... | 2014 | 25129433 |
| effects of dietary threonine and tryptophan supplementation on growing pigs induced by porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome vaccination. | a total of 32 growing pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two different diets (conventional [con] diet vs. threonine [thr]- and tryptophan [trp]-rich [ttr] diet) and two immunological challenge regimens (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome [prrs] vaccine vs. phosphate buffer solution [pbs]) to study the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with trp and thr would benefit for growing pigs vaccinated with prrs vaccine. after feeding the experimental diets ... | 2014 | 25115344 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of highly virulent and classical chinese-type isolation of prrsv by real-time rt-pcr. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a leading disease in pig industry worldwide and can result in serious economic losses each year. the prrs epidemic situation in china has been very complicated since the unprecedented large-scale highly pathogenic prrs (hp-prrs) outbreaks in 2006. and now the hp-prrs virus (hp-prrsv) and classical north american type prrsv strains have coexisted in china. rapid differential detection of the two strains of prrsv is very important for effecti ... | 2014 | 25114934 |
| antigenic structures stably expressed by recombinant tgev-derived vectors. | coronaviruses (covs) are positive-stranded rna viruses with potential as immunization vectors, expressing high levels of heterologous genes and eliciting both secretory and systemic immune responses. nevertheless, its high recombination rate may result in the loss of the full-length foreign gene, limiting their use as vectors. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was engineered to express porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) small protein domains, as a strategy to im ... | 2014 | 25108114 |
| elevated dietary zinc oxide levels do not have a substantial effect on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (pprsv) vaccination and infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most important infectious agents for the swine industry worldwide. zinc (zn) salts, which are widely used as a dietary supplement in swine nutrition, have shown antiviral effects in vitro as well as in vivo. the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dietary zinc oxide supplementation on vaccination and challenge infection with prrsv. | 2014 | 25103309 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus counteracts the porcine intrinsic virus restriction factors-ifitm1 and tetherin in marc-145 cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been recognized to modulate the innate immune response of host. however, little is known about the effects of prrsv infection on porcine intrinsic virus-restriction factors. this study presents the first demonstration that the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) or envelope (e) protein of prrsv interacted with porcine intrinsic virus-restriction factor ifitm1 or tetherin. next, in prrsv-infected marc-145 cells and the transfected cells w ... | 2014 | 25102331 |
| antagonizing interferon-mediated immune response by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | interferons (ifns) are important components in innate immunity involved in the first line of defense to protect host against viral infection. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) leads to severe economic losses for swine industry since being first identified in early 1990s. prrsv interplays with host ifn production and ifn-activated signaling, which may contribute to the delayed onset and low level of neutralizing antibodies, as well as weak cell-mediated immune response i ... | 2014 | 25101271 |
| association between prrsv orf5 genetic distance and differences in space, time, ownership and animal sources among commercial pig herds. | the objective of this study was to investigate associations between genetic distance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) detected in ontario swine herds, and the distance between the herds with respect to space, time, ownership and animal sources. prrsv sequence data between september 2004 and august 2007 were obtained from the animal health laboratory of the university of guelph. geographical coordinates were obtained from the ontario pork marketing board, and network ... | 2016 | 25088908 |
| heme oxygenase-1 acts as an antiviral factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and over-expression inhibits virus replication in vitro. | virus replication depends upon host-cell processes in infected cells, and this is true for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), the causative agent of prrs that is a worldwide threat to the swine industry. heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible isoform of the first and rate-limiting enzyme for heme degradation. our previous research suggested that ho-1 may play an important role in prrsv infection. however, the function of ho-1 in prrsv infection is ... | 2014 | 25086213 |
| [the prrsv-serumneutralization test detects gaps in herd immunity]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) appears in two genotypes (eu and us), for both genotypes attenuated live-vaccines are available. a cross-sectional study in 38 bavarian sow herds was performed to assess the level of neutralizing antibodies. per herd 38 blood samples were collected (10 weaned piglets, 10 gilts and 6 sows of 1./2., 3j4. and 5/6. parity, respectively). sera were tested by elisa, serumneutralization test (snt) against eu- and us-vaccine virus, and pooled s ... | 2014 | 25080824 |
| mirnas and genes expression in marc-145 cell in response to prrsv infection. | the regulation of viral replication is under control of mirnas and their target genes. several articles report the cross-talk between host and virus. the drastic effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) pressed us to investigate the expression profiling of mirnas and immunity related genes during prrsv infection. this was performed by qpcr in marc145 cells during prrsv infection. it was observed that mirnas and genes show different expression patterns at different t ... | 2014 | 25077995 |