| hax-1: a regulator of calcium signaling and apoptosis progression with multiple roles in human disease. | introduction: hax-1, the hematopoietic cell-specific protein-associated protein x-1, is an inhibitor of apoptosis, which has been implicated in severe congenital neutropenia (scn), neurological disorders and cancer. hax-1 over-expression, as found in numerous types of cancer, results in resistance to granzyme b and caspase-3 and stabilizes the x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, whereas its absence or knockdown promotes apoptosis. hax-1 is bound to the cytosolic faces of mitochondria and the endopl ... | 2011 | 21391832 |
| identification of host cell binding peptide from an overlapping peptide library for inhibition of classical swine fever virus infection. | the envelope proteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv) mediate the binding of csfv to cell surface molecules and allow csfv subsequent to enter host cells. however, the proteins binding to host cells and their binding sequences are uncertain. the results showed that the protein e1, e2, and erns were displayed on the surfaces of t7 phages. the e2 and erns phage clones showed high binding affinity to host cells, in which the e2 phage clone interacted more specifically with host cells than wit ... | 2011 | 21400206 |
| attenuation of nitric oxide bioavailability in porcine aortic endothelial cells by classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) causes severe disease in pigs, characterized by hemorrhage, fever, and leucopenia. a primary target of the virus is endothelial cells, where a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant response occurs with downregulation of gap junctional communication; these changes establish a basis for haemostatic imbalance. the aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the effect of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) expression and nitr ... | 2011 | 21424728 |
| [pathology of lymphoid tissue cells infected by african swine fever virus in vitro]. | the authors studied the pathology of bone marrow (bm) lymphoid cell from pigs infected by african swine fever virus (asfv) in vitro. monocytes were shown to be primarily afflicted in unstimulated bm culture. these cells disappeared completely 72 hours after infection. just 24 hours following asfv infection, there were atypical lymphocytes amounting to 12% of the general lymphoid population at hour 72 after inoculation.the area and perimeter of minor, middle, and large lymphocytes tended to reduc ... | 2011 | 21427953 |
| prevalence of classical swine fever virus in india: a 6-year study (2004-2010). | a study was undertaken regarding the prevalence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) antibodies and antigens in sera and suspected tissue samples of domestic pigs. the samples were received between january 2004 and september 2010. a total of 594 serum samples from 12 states and 287 tissue samples from 13 states of india were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits. the mean prevalence of csfv antibodies in suspected sera was 63.3% (376/594), whereas 76.7% (220/287 ... | 2011 | 21429182 |
| improvement of the immunity of pig to hog cholera vaccine by recombinant plasmid with porcine interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs. | in order to observe the dosage-effect of recombinant pig interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs on the immune responses of swine to vaccine, a novel recombinant eukaryotic vpil6c plasmid was packed with chitosan nanoparticles (cnp) prepared by ionic cross linkage, which contains pig interleukin-6 gene and immunostimulatory sequence consisted of 11 cpg motifs. cnp-vril6c was then utilized to inoculate 30-day-old piglets intramuscularly at the dosage of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/per capita, respectively. mean ... | 2011 | 21443961 |
| species-specific variation in rela underlies differences in nf-?b activity: a potential role in african swine fever pathogenesis. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly infectious disease of domestic pigs, with virulent isolates causing a rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fever. in contrast, the porcine species endogenous to africa tolerate infection. the ability of the virus to persist in one host while killing another genetically related host implies that disease severity may be, in part, modulated by host genetic variation. to complement transcription profiling approaches to identify the underlying genetic variation in th ... | 2011 | 21450812 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the romanian wild boar population. | in this study, we have analyzed 23 pcv2 orf2 sequences recovered from wild boar population in romania. the pcv2 sequences were originated from different geographical regions in romania, and collected between 2008 and 2009 during the classical swine fever virus (csfv) surveillance campaign. complete open reading frame 2 (orf2) nucleotide sequences were obtained and compared with sequences mainly from european and asian isolates. the romanian sequences were identified as belonging to previously de ... | 2011 | 21453946 |
| viewpoint: factors involved in type i interferon responses during porcine virus infections. | since type i interferon (ifn-i) is considered a potent antiviral defence mechanism, it is not surprising that during evolution viruses have development of various mechanisms to counteract ifn-i induction or release. despite this, certain virus infections are associated with very high levels of systemic ifn-i. one explanation for this observation is the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc), which are able to produce high levels of ifn-i despite the presence of viral ifn-i antagonists. e ... | 2011 | 21458079 |
| development and validation of a novel sybr green real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus evaluated on different real-time pcr platforms. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease that causes significant economic losses in pig production on a global scale. the rapid dissemination of the virus and the variability of the clinical signs merit the development of swift and accurate classical swine fever virus (csfv) detection methods, which can assist in disease control. the development and evaluation of a novel quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for csfv detection, based on sybr green coupled to melting curve analysi ... | 2011 | 21458490 |
| vaccination with viral protein-mimicking peptides postpones mortality in domestic pigs infected by african swine fever virus. | periodic outbreaks of african swine fever virus (asfv) infection around the world threaten local populations of domestic pigs with lethal disease and provide grounds for pandemic spread. effective vaccination may bring this threat under control. we investigated the effectiveness of select peptides mimicking viral proteins in establishing a protective immune response. forty-six synthetic peptides based on the analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of asfv were tested for immunogenicity in m ... | 2011 | 21468582 |
| genomic analysis of highly virulent georgia 2007/1 isolate of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is widespread in africa but has occasionally been introduced into other continents. in june 2007, african swine fever was isolated in the caucasus region of the republic of georgia and subsequently in neighboring countries (armenia, azerbaijan, and 9 states of the russian federation). previous data for sequencing of 3 genes indicated that the georgia 2007/1 isolate is closely related to isolates of genotype ii, which has been identified in mozambique, madagascar, and zambia. ... | 2011 | 21470447 |
| partial protection against classical swine fever virus elicited by dendrimeric vaccine-candidate peptides in domestic pigs. | we report the immunogenicity of three dendrimeric peptide vaccine candidates for classical swine fever virus (csfv). each dendrimeric construct contained four copies of a b-cell epitope from the e2 glycoprotein of csfv [construct 1: e2 (694-712); 2: e2 (712-727); 3: e2 (829-842)] joined to a t-cell epitope from the ns3 protein (residues 1446-1460). intramuscular immunization of domestic pigs with the different constructs significantly reduced the clinical score after lethal challenge with csfv. ... | 2011 | 21496472 |
| molecular characterization of lapinized classical swine fever vaccine strain by full-length genome sequencing and analysis. | the complete genome of a lapinized classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine strain was amplified into nine overlapping fragments by rt-pcr, and nucleotide sequences were determined. complete genome sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated 92.6-98.6% identities at the nucleotide level with other reported csfv strains and could be grouped into subgroup 1.1 along with other attenuated strains of csfv. the 5'-utr demonstrated >97.0% nucleotide similarity with most of vaccine csfv str ... | 2011 | 21500112 |
| species characterization in the genus pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the pestivirus genome have been considered for taxonomical segregation of the species, through the evaluation of 534 strains. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, species have been identified within the genus, determining genetic distances between species isolates, clarifying borderline and multirelated sequences, and charac ... | 2011 | 21514324 |
| dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of classical swine fever virus in experimentally infected pigs. | abstract: | 2011 | 21535885 |
| development of a triplex taqman real-time rt-pcr assay for differential detection of wild-type and hclv vaccine strains of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1. | in this study, genomic sequences of pestiviruses available in genbank were aligned to design three primer pairs and taqman probes: two targeting the ns5a region of the viral genome of classical swine fever virus (csfv) for the differentiation of wild-type csfv and hog cholera lapinized vaccine (hclv) vaccine, and one targeting the 5'-untranslated region of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1). with these primers and probes, a triplex taqman real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for differentiat ... | 2011 | 21536312 |
| protection of european domestic pigs from virulent african isolates of african swine fever virus by experimental immunisation. | african swine fever (asf) is an acute haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs for which there is currently no vaccine. we showed that experimental immunisation of pigs with the non-virulent ourt88/3 genotype i isolate from portugal followed by the closely related virulent ourt88/1 genotype i isolate could confer protection against challenge with virulent isolates from africa including the genotype i benin 97/1 isolate and genotype x uganda 1965 isolate. this immunisation strategy protected most pi ... | 2011 | 21549789 |
| comparative inhibitory activity of the stilbenes resveratrol and oxyresveratrol on african swine fever virus replication. | stilbenols are polyphenolic phytoalexins produced by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stress. these compounds have received much attention because of their significant biological effects. one of these is their antiviral action, which has previously been documented for two members of this class, namely resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. here we tested the antiviral effect of these two compounds on african swine fever virus, the only member of the newly created family asfarviridae and a seriou ... | 2011 | 21557969 |
| substitution of specific cysteine residues in e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus strain brescia affects formation of e1-e2 heterodimers and alters virulence in swine. | e1, along with e(rns) and e2, is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv). e1 and e2 are anchored to the virus envelope at their carboxyl termini and e(rns) loosely associates with the viral envelope. in infected cells, e2 forms homodimers and heterodimers with e1 mediated by disulfide bridges between cysteine residues. the e1 protein of csfv strain brescia contains six cysteine residues at positions 5, 20, 24, 94, 123 and 171. the role of these residues in t ... | 2011 | 21561909 |
| identification of two internal signal peptide sequences: critical for classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 2 to trans-localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. | abstract: background: the membrane topology and molecular mechanisms for endoplasmic reticulum (er) localization of classical swine fever virus (csfv) non-structural 2 (ns2) protien is unclear. we attempted to elucidate the subcellular localization, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the localization of this protein in our study. the ns2 gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, with the transmembrane region and hydrophilicity of the ns2 protein was predict ... | 2011 | 21592340 |
| emergence of classical swine fever virus in israel in 2009. | classical swine fever (csf) re-emerged in israel in february 2009 after an absence of 62years. the outbreak occurred on a domestic pig farm in northern israel and affected domestic pigs and wild boar. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of a 190 base pair fragment of the e2 glycoprotein gene, the israeli csf virus strain belonged to genotype 2.1 and was genetically most similar to a chinese csf virus strain. | 2011 | 21592830 |
| a generic real-time taqman assay for specific detection of lapinized chinese vaccines against classical swine fever. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious disease, causing severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. vaccination of pigs with lapinized chinese vaccines is still practised in some regions of the world, where the virus is enzootic, in order to prevent and control the disease. however, a single real-time assay that can detect all lapinized chinese vaccines used widely, namely, lapinized philippines coronel (lpc), hog cholera lapinized virus (hclv) and the riems c-strain is sti ... | 2011 | 21600240 |
| interactions of the dna polymerase x from african swine fever virus with the ssdna. properties of the total dna-binding site and the strong dna-binding subsite. | interactions of the polymerase x from the african swine fever virus with the ssdna have been studied, using quantitative fluorescence titration and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. the primary dna-binding subsite of the enzyme, independent of the dna conformation, is located on the c-terminal domain. association of the bound dna with the catalytic n-terminal domain finalizes the engagement of the total dna-binding site of the enzyme and induces a large topological change in the ... | 2011 | 21601347 |
| kinetic mechanism of the ssdna recognition by the polymerase x from african swine fever virus. dynamics and energetics of intermediate formations. | kinetic mechanism of the ssdna recognition by the polymerase x of african swine fever virus (asfv) and energetics of intermediate formations have been examined, using the fluorescence stopped-flow method. the association is a minimum three-step processthe nucleic acid makes the initial contact through the c-terminal domain, which generates most of the overall δg°. in the second step the nucleic acid engages the n-terminal domain, assuming the bent structure. in equilibrium, the complex exists in ... | 2011 | 21605932 |
| virus inactivation by salt (nacl) and phosphate supplemented salt in a 3d collagen matrix model for natural sausage casings. | due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. in order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (fmdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) and african swine fever virus (asfv). we used an in vitro ... | 2011 | 21632134 |
| genetic diversity and positive selection analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates in south china. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes a highly contagious disease that leads to significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. however, there is a paucity of knowledge on the accurate genotyping of csfv isolates in south china. this study genotyped the e2 gene of 14 csfv strains isolated during 2008-2010 from domestic pigs in different districts of south china. phylogenetic analyses revealed that all of the 14 csfv isolates were clustered into genetic subgroup 1.1. this contrasts ... | 2011 | 21643769 |
| the persistence of african swine fever virus in field-infected ornithodoros erraticus during the asf endemic period in portugal. | african swine fever (asf) is an important disease of pigs and outbreaks of asf have occurred in europe on multiple occasions. to explore the period for which the european soft tick species ornithodoros erraticus (acari: argasidae) is able to act as a reservoir of african swine fever virus (asfv) after infected hosts are removed, we collected specimens from farms in the provinces of alentejo and algarve in portugal during the endemic period and tested them subsequently using cell culture and expe ... | 2011 | 21655242 |
| effects of the polymorphisms of mx1, bat2 and cxcl12 genes on immunological traits in pigs. | it is necessary that genetic markers or biomarkers can be used to predict resistance towards a wide range of infectious diseases. in the present study, we estimated the potential markers and measured their relationship with heritabilities of a wide range of immune traits. polymorphisms in exon 13 of mx1, intron 25 of bat2 and intron 3 of cxcl12 were identified by sequencing, and the genotypes were analyzed by pcr-rflp in a resource population composed of 352 pure breed landrace piglets at days 0 ... | 2011 | 21667240 |
| african swine fever virus p72 genotype ix in domestic pigs, congo, 2009. | african swine fever virus p72 genotype ix, associated with outbreaks in eastern africa, is cocirculating in the republic of the congo with west african genotype i. data suggest that viruses from eastern africa are moving into western africa, increasing the threat of outbreaks caused by novel viruses in this region. | 2011 | 21801650 |
| multiple linear b-cell epitopes of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2 expressed in e.coli as multiple epitope vaccine induces a protective immune response. | abstract: classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease of swine caused by classical swine fever virus,an oie list a pathogen.epitope-based vaccines is one of the current focuses in the development of new vaccines against classical swine fever virus (csfv). two b-cell linear epitopes re2-ba from the e2 glycoprotein of csfv, re2-a (cfrrekpfphrmdcvtttvened, aa 844-865) and re2-b (ckedyryaisstneigllgagglt, aa 693-716), were constructed and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli as mult ... | 2011 | 21801433 |
| chemical disinfection of high-consequence transboundary animal disease viruses on nonporous surfaces. | disinfection is a critical part of the response to transboundary animal disease virus (tadv) outbreaks by inactivating viruses on fomites to help control infection. to model the inactivation of tadv on fomites, we tested selected chemicals to inactivate foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), african swine fever virus (asfv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv) dried on steel and plastic surfaces. for each of these viruses, we observed a 2 to 3 log reduction of infectivity due to drying alone. w ... | 2011 | 21798759 |
| virus distribution and role of thymic macrophages during experimental infection with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1. | thymic depletion, presence of viral antigen, and changes in distribution and cytokine production of thymic macrophages were investigated in calves experimentally infected with a noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus type (bvdv) 1 strain. ten clinically healthy colostrum-deprived calves were used. eight calves were inoculated with the virus and two were used as uninfected controls. calves were sedated and euthanized in batches between 3 and 14 days postinoculation. at necropsy, thymus sam ... | 2011 | 21768605 |
| classical swine fever virus suppresses maturation and modulates functions of monocyte-derived dendritic cells without activating nuclear factor kappa b. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) compromises the host immune system, causing the severe disease of pigs. dendritic cells (dcs) are the most potent inducers of immune responses. in the present study, we investigated the functional properties of porcine monocyte-derived dcs (mo-dcs) affected by csfv. results showed that the expression of surface markers of dcs such as major histocompatibility complex class ii (mhc-ii), cd80, cd83 and cd86 were unimpaired, but an obviously increased expression of ... | 2011 | 21764089 |
| in vitro inhibition of csfv replication by multiple sirna expression. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs which causes major economic losses worldwide. no specific drug is currently available for the effective treatment of csfv infection; however, rna interference (rnai) has been applied successfully to inhibit the replication of human and other animal viruses. in this study, three effective sirnas targeting ns3 of csfv were selected. sins3-2 targeting ns3 gene was chosen for further experimentation, while sin1 and sin2 targeti ... | 2011 | 21699919 |
| quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of african swine fever virus into the european union by legal import of live pigs. | the recent incursion and spread of african swine fever virus (asfv) in the russian federation and caucasus region, close to european union (eu) borders, have increased the concerns regarding the probability of asfv introduction into the eu. there are many potential routes of asfv entry into eu, but here we specifically aimed to assess the probability of asfv introduction by legal trade of pigs, which historically has been one of the most important ways of exotic diseases introduction into the eu ... | 2011 | 21831148 |
| enhancing dna immunization by targeting asfv antigens to sla-ii bearing cells. | one of the main criticisms to dna vaccines is the poor immunogenicity that they confer on occasions, at least in large animals. confirming this theory, immunization with plasmid dna encoding two african swine fever virus genes in frame (pcmv-pq), failed in inducing detectable immune responses in pigs, while it was successful in mice. aiming to improve the immune responses induced in swine, a new plasmid was constructed, encoding the viral genes fused in frame with a single chain variable fragmen ... | 2011 | 21679736 |
| virus load in pigs affected with different clinical forms of classical swine fever. | summary classical swine fever (csf) is an endemic disease in india, but the real magnitude of the problem is not known as only outbreaks of acute csf are reported and many cases of chronic and clinically inapparent forms of the disease, which manifest a confusing clinical picture, remain undiagnosed. the real status of classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection can only be known by testing pigs with highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. to obtain the baseline prevalence of csfv infe ... | 2011 | 21827642 |
| classical swine fever virus n(pro) limits type i interferon induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 7. | viruses are detected by different classes of pattern recognition receptors that lead to the activation of interferon regulatory factors (irf) and consequently to the induction of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-+¦/+¦). in turn, efficient viral strategies to escape the type i ifn-induced antiviral mechanisms have evolved. previous studies established that pestivirus n(pro) antagonizes the early innate immune response by targeting the transcription factor irf3 for proteasomal degradation. here, we repo ... | 2011 | 21680532 |
| immunomodulatory effect of swine ccl20 chemokine in dna vaccination against csfv. | the objective of this work was to explore whether a plasmid expressing ccl20 chemokine could improve the immune response against csfv in co-administration with a dna vaccine expressing the e2 protein. the immunization of pigs with the dna vaccine formulation, that contains swine ccl20 chemokine, resulted in the homogenous induction of detectable levels of csfv antibodies at 36 days after the first injection. remarkably, immunized animals with e2 dna vaccine in co-administration with the plasmid ... | 2011 | 21684019 |
| production of classical swine fever virus envelope glycoprotein e2 as recombinant polyhedra in baculovirus-infected silkworm larvae. | although, classical swine fever virus (csfv) envelope glycoprotein e2 subunit vaccine has been developed using the baculovirus expression system, the expression of viral antigens in baculovirus-infected insect cells is often ineffective. therefore, an alternative strategy to the traditional baculovirus expression system is needed that is more productive and effective. here, we report a novel strategy for the large-scale production of a csfv e2 in the larvae of a baculovirus-infected silkworm, bo ... | 2011 | 21706129 |
| porcine bocaviruses: genetic analysis and prevalence in chinese swine population. | summaryin members of the bocavirus genus, that contain three open reading frames (orfs) of the parvovirinae subfamily, porcine bocaviruses (pobovs) exhibit the most genetic diversity. based on the orf2-encoded viral protein (vp1) classification, the six reported porcine bocaviruses were grouped into four species: pobov1 (porcine boca-like virus or pbolv), pobov2 (porcine parvovirus 4 or ppv4), pobov3 (pbov1/pbov2) and pobov4 (6v/7v), with pobov3 and pobov4 each having two genotype viruses. all f ... | 2011 | 21676363 |
| hur binding to au-rich elements present in the 3' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the member of the genus pestivirus under the family flaviviridae. the 5' untranslated region (utr) of csfv contains the ires, which is a highly structured element that recruits the translation machinery. the 3' utr is usually the recognition site of the viral replicase to initiate minus-strand rna synthesis. adenosine-uridine rich elements (are) are instability determinants present in the 3' utr of short-lived mrnas. however, the presence of ares in the 3' u ... | 2011 | 21729330 |
| evaluation of a real-time rt-pcr assay using minor groove binding probe for specific detection of chinese wild-type classical swine fever virus. | a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay using a minor groove binding probe was developed for the specific detection of chinese wild-type classical swine fever virus (csfv). the assay detected wild-type csfv strains representing different genotypes, but did not amplify viral rna from the hog cholera lipinized virus (hclv) vaccine-strain and other porcine viruses. the assay had a detection limit of 10 copies/reaction or 3.0 median tissue culture infective dose/reaction. in comparison to the sequencing n ... | 2011 | 21723883 |
| propagation of classical swine fever virus in vitro circumventing heparan sulfate-adaptation. | amplification of natural virus isolates in permanent cell lines can result in adaptation, in particular enhanced binding to heparan sulfate (hs)-containing glycosaminoglycans present on most vertebrate cells. this has been reported for several viruses, including the pestivirus classical swine fever virus (csfv), the causative agent of a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease in pigs. propagation of csfv in cell culture is essential in virus diagnostics and research. adaptation of csfv to hs-bindi ... | 2011 | 21703305 |
| disruption of nuclear organization during the initial phase of african swine fever virus infection. | african swine fever virus (asfv), the causative agent of one of the most devastating swine diseases, has been considered exclusively cytoplasmic, even though some authors have shown evidence of an early stage of nuclear replication. in the present study, an increment of lamin a/c phosphorylation was observed in asfv-infected cells as early as 4 h postinfection, followed by the disassembling of the lamina network close to the sites where the viral genome starts its replication. at later time poin ... | 2011 | 21680527 |
| A novel dendrimeric peptide induces high level neutralizing antibodies against classical swine fever virus in rabbits. | The amino acid sequence (TAVSPTTLR, 829-837aa) on the glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a conserved and linear neutralizing epitope. In the present study, two peptides were constructed based the core sequence of this neutralizing epitope, the dendrimeric peptide (Th-B(4)) containing four copies of B cell epitope fused to one copy of promiscuous T helper (Th) cell epitope and the peptide Th-B containing a single copy of B cell epitope fused to one copy of Th cell epitope. T ... | 2011 | 22051445 |
| rapid typing of foot-and-mouth disease serotype asia 1 by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was rapidly used to detect serotype asia 1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) within 45 min at 61°c. all fmdv serotype asia 1 reference strains were positive by rt-lamp, while other viruses such as fmdv serotypes o, c, a and classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and japanese encephalitis virus remained negative. furthermore, fmdv sreotype as ... | 2011 | 22040459 |
| Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic, prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains. As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter, exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10(-4) dilution of template RNA ex ... | 2011 | 21847756 |
| experimental infection of bama miniature pigs with a highly virulent classical swine fever virus. | currently, larger domestic pigs are only animals widely used in vaccine evaluation and pathogenicity study of classical swine fever virus (csfv). this study was aimed to create an alternative animal experimental infection model of csfv. | 2011 | 21943299 |
| disinfection of foot-and-mouth disease and african swine fever viruses with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on birch wood carriers. | transboundary animal disease viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and african swine fever virus (asfv) are highly contagious and cause severe morbidity and mortality in livestock. proper disinfection during an outbreak can help prevent virus spread and will shorten the time for contaminated agriculture facilities to return to food production. wood surfaces are prevalent at these locations, but there is no standardized method for porous surface disinfection; commercial disinfectant ... | 2011 | 22115968 |
| classical swine fever virus detection: results of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ring trial conducted in the framework of the european network of excellence for epizootic disease diagnosis and control. | the current study reports on a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time rt-pcr) ring trial for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) genomic rna undertaken by 10 european laboratories. all laboratories were asked to use their routine in-house real-time rt-pcr protocols and a standardized protocol commonly used by the friedrich-loeffler-institute (fli) on a panel of well-characterized samples. in general, all participants produced results within the accep ... | 2011 | 21908363 |
| development of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus. | the genes encoding the erns and e2 antigen epitopes of classical swine fever virus (csfv) were expressed as a chimeric protein in escherichia coli bl21 by pet expression system. the antigenicity of the expressed protein cnc2 was identified by indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (elisa) and immunoblot with anti-csfv antibodies. based on the cnc2 protein, an immunochromatographic strip was developed to evaluate the antibody titer of serum samples from swine vaccinated with csfv vaccine ra ... | 2011 | 22207080 |
| methods for growing and titrating african swine fever virus: field and laboratory samples. | growing african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates obtained mainly from the field, but also engineered in the laboratory, is a critical step for diagnosis, titration, or virus infection studies. this unit describes a set of methods and protocols to produce and titrate any asfv strain in cell cultures. the procedures include (1) basic techniques to prepare virus-sensitive target cells; (2) strategies for growth, concentration, and purification of virus stocks; and (3) the semi-quantitative (end di ... | 2011 | 22161547 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of porcine boca-like virus. | the porcine boca-like virus (pbo-likev) was recently discovered in swedish pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pbo-likev. a set of four primers specific for six regions of pbo-likev vp1/2 genes was designed with the online software. the reaction temperature and time were optimized to 65°c and 60min, respectively. lamp products were detected b ... | 2011 | 22172971 |
| characterization of african swine fever virus caucasus isolate in european wild boars. | since 2007, african swine fever has spread from the caucasus region. to learn more about the dynamics of the disease in wild boars (sus scrofa), we conducted experiments by using european wild boars. we found high virulence of caucasus isolates limited potential for establishment of endemicity. | 2011 | 22172247 |
| genetic variation of border disease virus species strains. | the 5´-untranslated region of pestivirus strains isolated from domestic and wild animals were analysed to determine their taxonomic status according to nucleotide changes in the secondary genomic structure using the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method. a total of 131 isolates out of 536 pestivirus strains evaluated, were clustered as border disease virus (bdv) species. the bdv strains were further divided into at least 8 genotypes or subspecies. thirty-two isolates from small rumin ... | 2011 | 22194225 |
| Development and inter-laboratory validation study of an improved new real-time PCR assay with internal control for detection and laboratory diagnosis of African swine fever virus. | A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV), multiplexed for simultaneous detection of swine beta-actin as an endogenous control, has been developed and validated by four National Reference Laboratories of the European Union for African swine fever (ASF) including the European Union Reference Laboratory. Primers and a TaqMan(®) probe specific for ASFV were selected from conserved regions of the p72 gene. The limit of detection of ... | 2011 | 21946285 |
| a new cloning system based on the opri lipoprotein for the production of recombinant bacterial cell wall-derived immunogenic formulations. | the conjugation of antigens with ligands of pattern recognition receptors (prr) is emerging as a promising strategy for the modulation of specific immunity. here, we describe a new escherichia coli system for the cloning and expression of heterologous antigens in fusion with the opri lipoprotein, a tlr ligand from the pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane (om). analysis of the opri expressed by this system reveals a triacylated lipid moiety mainly composed by palmitic acid residues. by offering ... | 2012 | 22115954 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial porcine vaccines by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method with a real-time monitoring system was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in commercial swine vaccines. this method was highly specific for pcv1. no cross-reaction to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was observed. the analytical sensitivity of the lamp for pcv1 dna was 10 copies/μl in the case of ... | 2011 | 21948286 |
| [antigenic diversity of african swine fever viruses]. | data on the seroimmunotypic and hemadsorbing characteristics of african swine fever virus (asf) are summarized. according to the results of immunological sampling in pigs and those of hemagglutination inhibition test, the known asfv strains and isolates were divided into 11 groups, 8 were characterized as seroimmunogroups having their specific reference strains. a 110-140-kd asfv serotype-specific nonstructural major glycoprotein was identified. it is suggested that it is the glycoprotein that c ... | 2011 | 21899069 |
| mechanism of collapse of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae during african swine fever virus infection. | infection of cells with african swine fever virus (asfv) can lead to the formation of zipper-like stacks of structural proteins attached to collapsed endoplasmic reticulum (er) cisternae. we show that the collapse of er cisternae observed during asfv infection is dependent on the viral envelope protein, j13lp. expression of j13lp alone in cells is sufficient to induce collapsed er cisternae. collapse was dependent on a cysteine residue in the n-terminal domain of j13lp exposed to the er lumen. l ... | 2012 | 21951707 |
| antigenic mimicking with cysteine-based cyclized peptides reveals a previously unknown antigenic determinant on e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. | envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the major antigen that induces neutralizing antibodies in infected pigs. the conformational epitope(s) on b/c domains were mapped to the n-terminal 90 residues of e2 between amino acids 690 and 779 (chang et al., 2010a). to mimic the conformational epitopes, a set of synthetic cyclized peptides spanning the b/c domains of e2 were used to react with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against e2 and with swine anti-csfv polyclonal sera. a ... | 2011 | 21945636 |
| immunogenicity of recombinant classic swine fever virus cd8(+) t lymphocyte epitope and porcine parvovirus vp2 antigen coexpressed by lactobacillus casei in swine via oral vaccination. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) are highly contagious pathogens, resulting in enormous economic losses in pig industries worldwide. because vaccines play an important role in disease control, researchers are seeking improved vaccines that could induce antiviral immune responses against csfv and ppv at the mucosal and systemic levels simultaneously. in this study, a genetically engineered lactobacillus strain coexpressing the csfv-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (c ... | 2011 | 21940406 |
| diagnostic value of meat juice in early detection of classical swine fever virus infection. | to evaluate the diagnostic potential of meat juice for early detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv), meat juice and serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with different strains of csfv were compared for virus load. from all samples, viral rna was extracted by automated procedure before real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed. viral rna was detected in meat juice, but at a lower level than in corresponding serum. sensitivity was calculat ... | 2011 | 21908364 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna. the amplification was able to finish in 45 min under isothermal condition at 64°c by employing a set of four primers targeting fmdv 2b. the assay showed higher sensitivity than rt-pcr. no cross reactivity was observed from other rna viruses including classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, japa ... | 2011 | 22070774 |
| a novel spatial and stochastic model to evaluate the within and between farm transmission of classical swine fever virus: ii validation of the model. | a new, recently published, stochastic and spatial model for the evaluation of classical swine fever virus (csfv) spread into spain has been validated by using several methods. internal validity, sensitivity analysis, validation using historical data, comparison with other models and experiments on data validity were used to evaluate the overall reliability and consistency of the model. more than 100 modifications in input data and parameters were evaluated. outputs were obtained after 1000 itera ... | 2011 | 21899960 |
| development, optimization, and validation of a classical swine fever virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically devastating disease of pigs. instrumental to the control of csf is a well-characterized assay that can deliver a rapid, accurate diagnosis prior to the onset of clinical signs. a real-time fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (taqman) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for csf was developed by the united states department of agriculture (usda) at the plum island animal disease center (csf piadc assay) and evaluated for analytical and d ... | 2011 | 21908362 |
| microbial ecology of swine farms and prrs vaccine vaccination strategies. | the present study investigated the microbial ecology and vaccination strategies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in field condition. four representative farms with a history of prrs were included in this study. over the almost 3-year period, the average detection rate was 68.9%, making prrsv the first most frequently detected virus, followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) (64.2%), pseudorabies virus (prv) (11.03%) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) (4.41%). s ... | 2011 | 22014373 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection decreases the efficacy of an attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine. | abstract: the lapinized philippines coronel (lpc) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv), is an important tool for the prevention and control of csfv infection and is widely and routinely used in most csf endemic areas, including taiwan. the aim of this study was to investigate whether pcv2 infection affects the efficacy of the lpc vaccine. eighteen 6-week-old, cesarean-derived and colostrum-deprived (cdcd), crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. a tot ... | 2011 | 22129109 |
| Characterization of the monoclonal antibody against classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E(rns) and its application to an indirect sandwich ELISA. | Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E(rns) is an envelope glycoprotein possessing RNase activity. The E(rns)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been considered a discriminating diagnostic test for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. The purpose of this study was to produce a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to E(rns) for further developing an indirect sandwich ELISA. The MAb CW813 was shown to specifically recognize both the monomer and dimer forms of Pichia pasto ... | 2011 | 21972132 |
| RNA self-cleavage activated by ultraviolet light-induced oxidation. | A novel UV-C-light-induced ribozyme activity was discovered within the highly structured 5'-genomic regions of both Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and the related Classic Swine Fever Virus (CSFV). Cleavage is mediated by exposure to UV-C light but not by exogenous oxygen radicals. It is also very selective, occurring at base positions HCV C(79) and CSFV A(45) in some molecules and at the immediately adjacent 5'-positions HCV U(78) and CSFV U(44) in others. Among other reaction products, the majority of ... | 2011 | 21989404 |
| effects of glycosylation on antigenicity and immunogenicity of classical swine fever virus envelope proteins. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) harbors three envelope glycoproteins (e(rns), e1 and e2). previous studies have demonstrated that removal of specific glycosylation sites within these proteins yielded attenuated and immunogenic csfv mutants. here we analyzed the effects of lack of glycosylation of baculovirus-expressed e(rns), e1, and e2 proteins on immunogenicity. interestingly, e(rns), e1, and e2 proteins lacking proper post-translational modifications, most noticeable lack of glycosylation, ... | 2011 | 21968199 |
| A novel alphavirus replicon-vectored vaccine delivered by adenovirus induces sterile immunity against classical swine fever. | Low efficacy of gene-based vaccines due to inefficient gene delivery and expression has been major bottleneck of their applications. Efforts have been made to improve the efficacy, such as gene gun and electroporation, but the strategies are difficult to put into practical use. In this study, we developed and evaluated an adenovirus-delivered, alphavirus replicon-vectored vaccine (chimeric vector-based vaccine) expressing the E2 gene of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (rAdV-SFV-E2). Rabbits i ... | 2011 | 21888938 |
| Comparison of methods for improved RNA extraction from blood for early detection of Classical swine fever virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease of pigs. Early detection of the Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in infected animals and routine surveillance is important for a rapid response and control of an outbreak of CSF. The current study investigated whole blood as a clinical specimen for the detection of CSFV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) in experimentally infected pigs. The virus was detectable in pre-clinical animals in who ... | 2011 | 21908315 |
| small rho gtpases and cholesterol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in african swine fever virus infection. | the integrity of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is required for efficient african swine fever virus (asfv) infection. incorporation of prenyl groups into rho gtpases plays a key role in several stages of asfv infection, since both geranylgeranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphates are required at different infection steps. we found that rho gtpase inhibition impaired virus morphogenesis and resulted in an abnormal viral factory size with the accumulation of envelope precursors and immature virions ... | 2011 | 22114329 |
| Clustering of classical swine fever virus isolates by codon pair bias. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22126254 |
| SARS Coronavirus nsp1 Protein Induces Template-Dependent Endonucleolytic Cleavage of mRNAs: Viral mRNAs Are Resistant to nsp1-Induced RNA Cleavage. | SARS coronavirus (SCoV) nonstructural protein (nsp) 1, a potent inhibitor of host gene expression, possesses a unique mode of action: it binds to 40S ribosomes to inactivate their translation functions and induces host mRNA degradation. Our previous study demonstrated that nsp1 induces RNA modification near the 5'-end of a reporter mRNA having a short 5' untranslated region and RNA cleavage in the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) region of a dicistronic RNA template ... | 2011 | 22174690 |
| Application of GP5 protein to develop monoclonal antibody against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | In this study, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), named as 8C9 and4B4, were produced by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells and spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with the PRRSV (TCID(50)=5.5), screened by the indirect ELISA and subjected to several limiting dilutions. mAbs were then identified by biological characterization. Among the two fusion cell strains, 8C9 belonged to the IgG1 subclass and 4B4 belonged to the IgG2a subcla ... | 2011 | 21847758 |
| challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after c-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity. | pre-emptive culling is becoming increasingly questioned as a means of controlling animal diseases, including classical swine fever (csf). this has prompted discussions on the use of emergency vaccination to control future csf outbreaks in domestic pigs. despite a long history of safe use in endemic areas, there is a paucity of data on aspects important to emergency strategies, such as how rapidly csfv vaccines would protect against transmission, and if this protection is equivalent for all viral ... | 2012 | 22235283 |
| virus survival in slurry: analysis of the stability of foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, bovine viral diarrhoea and swine influenza viruses. | farm slurry can be highly contaminated with viral pathogens. the survival of these pathogens within slurry is important since this material is often distributed onto farm land either directly or after heat treatment. there is clearly some risk of spreading pathogens in the early stages of an outbreak of disease before it has been recognized. the survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and swine influenza virus, which belong to three dif ... | 2011 | 22226541 |
| development of multiple elisas for the detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus in pig sera. | the major immunogenic proteins (e(rns), e2 and ns3) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) (shimen strain) were expressed in e. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. the recombinant antigens were applied to develop multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detection of specific antibodies in pig sera. optimum cut-off values were determined by receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis after testing 201 sera of vaccinated pigs and 64 negative sera of unvaccinated p ... | 2012 | 22270806 |
| classical swine fever virus ns5b protein suppresses the inhibitive effect of ns5a on viral translation by binding to ns5a. | in order to investigate molecular mechanisms of internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation in classical swine fever virus (csfv), an important pathogen of pigs, expression level was evaluated in the context of genomic rnas and reporter rna fragments. all data showed that ns5a protein has an inhibitory effect on ires-mediated translation and ns5b proteins suppress the inhibitory effect of ns5a on viral translation but csfv ns5b gdd mutants do not. furthermore, gst pull-down assay an ... | 2012 | 22258858 |
| interferon status and white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus in vivo. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever that is the significant disease of domestic pigs, with high rates of mortality. asfv is double-stranded dna virus whose genes encode some proteins that are implicated in the suppression of host immune response. in this study, we have modeled in vivo infection of asfv for determination of interferon (ifn) status in infected pigs. we measured the level of ifn-α, -β and -γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed ... | 2011 | 22226551 |
| suppression of immune responses in pigs by nonstructural protein 1 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is characterized by a delayed and defective adaptive immune response. the viral nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of the prrs virus (prrsv) is able to suppress the type i interferon (ifn) response in vitro. in this study, recombinant adenoviruses (rads) expressing nsp1 (rad-nsp1), glycoprotein 5 (gp5) (rad-gp5), and the nsp1-gp5 fusion protein (rad-nsp1-gp5) were constructed, and the effect of nsp1 on immune responses was investigated in pigs. pi ... | 2012 | 23543950 |
| increased viral load and prevalence of torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) in pigs experimentally infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). | torque teno sus viruses (ttsuvs) are considered non-pathogenic viruses, although lately they have been linked to porcine circovirus diseases, mainly with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). these associations point out a possible pathogenic role of ttsuvs or, alternatively, that ttsuv replication is up-regulated under disease conditions. in order to further explore the association of ttsuvs with disease occurrence, ttsuvs prevalence and viral load were assessed before and after a ... | 2012 | 23274109 |
| african swine fever in the north caucasus region and the russian federation in years 2007-2012. | since the introduction of the virus into the republic of georgia in 2007 african swine fever (asf) has become a large-scale epidemic involving the domestic pig population but wild boars are involved as well. from 2008 to 2009 the asf epidemic affected wild and domestic pigs in all the southern regions of the russian federation (rf). the driving force of the epidemic in its initial stages was direct contact between infected wild boars and between wild boars and traditionally free-ranging domestic ... | 2012 | 23266725 |
| modulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression following infection of porcine macrophages with african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the only member of the asfarviridae, a large dna virus family which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm. most isolates cause a fatal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs, although some low virulence isolates cause little or no mortality. the modulation of chemokine responses following infection of porcine macrophages with low and high virulence isolates was studied to indicate how this may be involved in the induction of pathogenesis and of effective im ... | 2012 | 23265239 |
| african swine fever virus-cell interactions: from virus entry to cell survival. | viruses have adapted to evolve complex and dynamic interactions with their host cell. the viral entry mechanism determines viral tropism and pathogenesis. the entry of african swine fever virus (asfv) is dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated, but other pathways have been described such as macropinocytosis. during endocytosis, asfv viral particles undergo disassembly in various compartments that the virus passes through en route to the site of replication. this disassembly relies on the acid ph ... | 2012 | 23262167 |
| evaluation of classical swine fever virus antibody detection assays with an emphasis on the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect antibody against classical swine fever (csf), as well as to assess their potential use as accompanying marker tests able to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (diva). the chekit* csf-sero and the herdchek* csfv ab, both of which detect antibodies against the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv), had the highest sensitivity. both ... | 2012 | 23520753 |
| assessment of the geographic distribution of ornithodoros turicata (argasidae): climate variation and host diversity. | ornithodoros turicata is a veterinary and medically important argasid tick that is recognized as a vector of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae and african swine fever virus. historic collections of o. turicata have been recorded from latin america to the southern united states. however, the geographic distribution of this vector is poorly understood in relation to environmental variables, their hosts, and consequently the pathogens they transmit. | 2016 | 26829327 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of animal-used quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against mycobacteria, mycoplasma and fungi. | the quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) were known as potent antibacterial agents. for the purpose of evaluating the bioactivity of existing animal-used qdnos drugs against representative pathogenic microorganism, the representative drugs of quinoxalines including cyadox, mequindox, quinocetone and their metabolites were submitted to the in vitro evaluation for antituberculosis, antimycoplasma, antifungal and antiviral activities. | 2016 | 27600955 |
| viral metagenomics demonstrates that domestic pigs are a potential reservoir for ndumu virus. | the rising demand for pork has resulted in a massive expansion of pig production in uganda. this has resulted in increased contact between humans and pigs. pigs can act as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. therefore identification of potential zoonotic pathogens is important for public health surveillance. in this study, during a routine general surveillance for african swine fever, domestic pigs from uganda were screened for the presence of rna and dna viruses using a high-throughput ... | 2012 | 23006778 |
| enhanced protective immunity of the chimeric vector-based vaccine radv-sfv-e2 against classical swine fever in pigs by a salmonella bacterial ghost adjuvant. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious swine disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). previously, we demonstrated that radv-sfv-e2, an adenovirus-delivered, semliki forest virus replicon-vectored marker vaccine against csf, is able to protect pigs against lethal csfv challenge. from an economical point of view, it will be beneficial to reduce the minimum effective dose of the vaccine. this study was designed to test the adjuvant effects of salmonella enteritidis-derived ... | 2016 | 27301745 |
| the laminin receptor is a cellular attachment receptor for classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious, economically important viral disease in many countries. the e(rns) and e2 envelope glycoproteins are responsible for the binding to and entry into the host cell by csfv. to date, only one cellular receptor, heparan sulfate (hs), has been identified as being involved in csfv attachment. hs is also present on the surface of various cells that are nonpermissive to csfv. hence, there must b ... | 2015 | 25694590 |
| autophagy enhances the replication of classical swine fever virus in vitro. | autophagy plays an important role in cellular responses to pathogens. however, the impact of the autophagy machinery on classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection is not yet confirmed. in this study, we showed that csfv infection significantly increases the number of autophagy-like vesicles in the cytoplasm of host cells at the ultrastructural level. we also found the formation of 2 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems upon virus infection, including lc3-i/lc3-ii conversion and atg12-atg5 conjug ... | 2013 | 24262968 |
| detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant protein 30 (p30) dual matrix indirect elisa. | in the absence of effective vaccine(s), control of african swine fever caused by african swine fever virus (asfv) must be based on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. for this purpose, we developed an indirect elisa capable of detecting asfv antibodies in either serum or oral fluid specimens. the recombinant protein used in the elisa was selected by comparing the early serum antibody response of asfv-infected pigs (nhv-p68 isolate) to three m ... | 2016 | 27611939 |
| efficient sensing of infected cells in absence of virus particles by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is blocked by the viral ribonuclease e(rns.). | plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) have been shown to efficiently sense hcv- or hiv-infected cells, using a virion-free pathway. here, we demonstrate for classical swine fever virus, a member of the flaviviridae, that this process is much more efficient in terms of interferon-alpha induction when compared to direct stimulation by virus particles. by employment of virus replicon particles or infectious rna which can replicate but not form de novo virions, we exclude a transfer of virus from the d ... | 2013 | 23785283 |
| analysis of a pair of end+ and end- viruses derived from the same bovine viral diarrhea virus stock reveals the amino acid determinants in npro responsible for inhibition of type i interferon production. | the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon is induced by the inhibition of type i interferon in pestivirus-infected cells in vitro, via proteasomal degradation of cellular interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3 with the property of the viral autoprotease protein n(pro). reportedly, the amino acid residues in the zinc-binding trash motif of n(pro) determine the difference in characteristics between end-phenomenon-positive (end(+)) and end-phenomenon-negative (end(-)) classical swine ... | 2014 | 25648277 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus using real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the important causative agent for infectious infertility, which is a fairly tough virus that multiplies normally in the intestine of pigs without causing clinical signs in the world. | 2015 | 25879634 |