| viral meningitis and encephalitis in saudi arabia. | the laboratory confirmation of twelve clinically diagnosed cases of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis is described. among three cases of aseptic meningitis one was due to mumps in a 14-month infant and the other two attributable to cocksackie b-1. herpes virus encephalitis due to hsv-1 was conclusively identified by if monoclonal test from brain biopsy in tissue culture, and a further four cases also of hsv-1 encephalitis by virus isolation from csf and presence of significant levels of herpes ... | 1989 | 2585577 |
| role of the viral and cellular encoded thymidine kinase in the repair of uv-irradiated herpes simplex virus. | a strain of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1:kos) encoding a functional thymidine kinase (tk+) gene and a thymidine kinase deficient (tk-) mutant strain (hsv-1:ptk3b) were used as probes to examine the repair of uv-damaged viral dna in one tk- (143) and two tk+ (r970-5 and ac4) human cell lines. uv survival for each hsv-1 strain was similar for infection of both tk- and tk+ cells suggesting that the repair of viral dna was not dependent on the expression of a functional cellular tk gene. in contrast ... | 1989 | 2586551 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 transcripts in trigeminal ganglia during acute and latent infection in mice. | adult mice were inoculated intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and perfused at days 5, 8, 81, 108, and 130 after infection. trigeminal ganglia and roots were dissected out and embedded in paraffin. four 35s-labelled dna probes that contained immediate-early (icp-0, icp-4), delayed-early (thymidine kinase; tk), or late (morphological transforming region; mtr) genes were prepared. in situ hybridization methods or an immunoperoxidase antigen method using hsv-2 antibody were ap ... | 1989 | 2592985 |
| two early vaccinia virus genes encode polypeptides related to protein kinases. | vaccinia virus particles contain a protein kinase with an mr of 62k calculated from sedimentation rate. we have sequenced the sali g restriction fragment of the vaccinia virus genome near to the right inverted terminal repeat and have identified two genes which share 36% amino acid identity with each other and are related to the family of protein kinase genes. one gene, designated b1r, encodes a 34.2k protein which shares 27% identity with a protein kinase encoded by the herpes simplex virus typ ... | 1989 | 2607336 |
| simplified cosmid vectors for gene transfer to cultured mammalian cells: isolation of the gene for elongation factor 2 from the mouse. | we constructed a series of cosmid vectors that carry two tandemly arranged lambda cos and mammalian selective markers. we achieved cloning efficiencies of 1-3 x 10(7) and greater than 10(6) colony-forming units per microgram of insert, using a cloned 42-kb bamhi fragment and sau3ai fragments of 40-50 kb from mouse genomic dna, respectively. the modified ca.phosphate coprecipitation method [ishiura et al., mol. cell. biol. 2 (1982) 607-616] considerably improved the efficiency of gene transfer of ... | 1989 | 2628177 |
| protection of mice against vaccinia and herpes simplex virus infection by propionibacterium acnes. | heat-killed cell suspension of several propionibacterium acnes strains were prepared and studied for their protective activity in viral infection of mice and immunomodulating properties. majority of the strains caused marked spleen enlargement in the treated mice. these changes persisted for several weeks. only some of the tested strains enhanced significantly primary humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells. there was no increase, however, in neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibi ... | 1989 | 2639640 |
| infection of endothelial cells by common human viruses. | common human viruses were evaluated for their ability to replicate in the endothelial cells of human umbilical vein and bovine thoracic aorta in vitro. infection occurred with most viruses. the susceptibilities of endothelial cells derived from bovine aorta, pulmonary artery, and vena cava were compared. among the viruses studied, no differences were noted in the ability to grow in endothelial cells from these three large vessels. one virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, was evaluated for its abi ... | 1989 | 2665008 |
| effect of acyclovir on radiation- and chemotherapy-induced mouth lesions. | several chemotherapeutic regimens and radiation therapy, if delivered to the oral mucosa, are associated with a high frequency of mouth lesions. the cause of this side effect is not known for certain, but in past studies it has sometimes been associated with the ability to culture herpes simplex virus type 1 from the mouth. in a double-blind prospective trial, patients with head and neck tumors treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy were treated with either acyclovir or placebo. although ... | 1989 | 2669626 |
| characterization of a continuous smooth muscle cell line derived from rabbit aorta. | a spontaneously arising continuous cell line (rb-1) derived from collagenase-elastase digested rabbit aorta has been propagated in vitro for over 100 passages. during this period, the rb-1 cells remained spindle-shaped and formed regularly oriented parallel bundles. after passage 50, rb-1 cells were found to be serum-independent in their growth and reached higher saturation density than rabbit aorta smooth muscle cells. alpha-actin and desmin filaments were detected by immunostaining in rb-1 cel ... | 1989 | 2681130 |
| [acyclovir and pregnancy: current aspects]. | acyclovir (acv), an antiviral nucleoside analog, is active against herpes simplex viruses (hsv1, hsv2) and varicella virus (vzv). these viruses seems to be prejudicial to the pregnant woman and to the fetus. yet, acv is not recommended for use in pregnancy. however in certain cases, this drug has been used. we review in this paper, the pharmacokinetics and transplacental passage of acv, indications, and whether the benefits of the administration of acv in pregnancy outweigh the theoretical risks ... | 1989 | 2681370 |
| reinfections and site-specific immunity in herpes simplex virus infections. | studies with human volunteers and patients suffering from recurrent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections have shown that reinfections with autologous or heterologous strains, occurring at sites distant from those of the recurrences, are possible in a variable proportion of the subjects. experiments in animals have shown that mice surviving a primary hsv infection in the lumbo-sacral area, can become latently infected in trigeminal ganglia upon reinfection of the orofacial site. similar results ... | 1989 | 2683458 |
| n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea induces a:t to c:g transversion mutations as well as transition mutations in sos-induced escherichia coli. | the fixation of dna lesions induced in escherichia coli by n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) occurs by both sos-dependent and sos-independent pathways. to determine whether these pathways result in differential processing of enu-induced lesions, we have analyzed the dna sequence changes of mutations induced at a plasmid-encoded herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene by enu treatment of plasmid-bearing reca- and reca+ bacteria, and by transformation of reca-, reca+ and sos-induced reca+ bact ... | 1989 | 2686853 |
| disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in an apparently immunocompetent woman. | a young, previously healthy woman developed bilateral exudative tonsillitis that was associated with severe systemic symptoms. this was followed by evidence of multisystem disease with acute abdominal pain, raised liver enzyme levels, respiratory difficulty, increasing drowsiness and multiple vesicular skin lesions. herpes simplex virus type-1 was isolated from skin lesions and a throat swab and herpes simplex virus type-1 antigen was detected in a liver biopsy sample. she recovered rapidly with ... | 1989 | 2687652 |
| [pathogenesis of aids: possible role of co-factors in hiv reactivation]. | one of the most intriguing aspects concerning the pathogenesis of aids is the long period of latency of the hiv in human cells, not causing any cytopatic effect in some and, on the other hand, causing cell destruction, at short periods, in others. the various agents and the mechanisms they adopt to reactivate the latente hiv, were described. also the frequent epidemiological observation on the presence of both such agents and the hiv in aids patients allowed the authors to speculate on the proba ... | 1989 | 2694296 |
| vinyl versus latex gloves as barriers to transmission of viruses in the health care setting. | one type of vinyl and seven types of latex gloves without visual defects were tested with respect to their barrier function against high concentrations of three viruses of varying size: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1, 180 nm), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1, 100 nm), and echovirus type 9 (echo 9, 25 nm). viral suspensions of hsv-1 (10(8) tcd50/ml), hiv-1 (10(5) tcd50/ml), and echovirus type 9 (10(7.5)tcd 50/ml) were placed in an inverted glove finger immersed in media and maintai ... | 1989 | 2703958 |
| synthesis of 5-[1-hydroxy(or methoxy)-2-bromo(or chloro)ethyl]-2'-deoxyuridines and related halohydrin analogues with antiviral and cytotoxic activity. | a series of new 5-(1-hydroxy-2-haloethyl)-2'-deoxyuridines (3, 6, 8) were synthesized in 60-70% yields by addition of hox (x = br, cl, i) to the vinyl substituent of the respective 5-vinyl-2'-deoxyuridines (2, 5, 7). treatment of 3a,b with methanolic sulfuric acid afforded the corresponding 5-(1-methoxy-2-haloethyl)-2'-(deoxyuridines (4a,b). the 5-(1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl) (3b), 5-(1-methoxy-2-bromoethyl) (4a), 5-(1-hydroxy-2-bromo-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl) (6a), and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-iodo-2-(ethoxy ... | 1989 | 2709380 |
| 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine: a selective inhibitor of herpes simplex viruses in vitro. | a new pyrimidine analog, 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (beudr), was tested in vitro for antiviral activity on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. as reference compounds, acg, bvudr and paa were used. compared to acg and bvudr, beudr resulted less potent on both hsv-1 and hsv-2. however, a 50% inhibition of the multiplication of uninfected cells could be obtained only at very high beudr concentration (id50 = 8500 microm). this makes beudr the least toxic analog known and gives it a selective i ... | 1989 | 2713989 |
| efficacy of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of adenine in experimental herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus infections in vivo. | the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa], 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea), and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap) were evaluated for their in vivo efficacies in several animal model infections, i.e., mice infected intravenously with vaccinia virus and mice infected intracutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) or thymidine kinase-defici ... | 1989 | 2719463 |
| experimental murine herpes simplex encephalitis: immunohistochemical detection of virus antigens. | inbred balb/c female mice were intranasally inoculated with 1 microliter of a suspension of herpes simplex virus type 1 adjusted to contain the required infectivity. doses of virus inoculated ranged from 1 x 10(2) plaque forming units (p.f.u.) to 1 x 10(6) p.f.u. humoral and cellular immunological response of the animals was studied for the acute phase of the disease, defined as being up to 14 days post infection. localization of virus-antigen positive cells, detected by immunoperoxidase stainin ... | 1989 | 2725833 |
| schisis contributes to necrosis in experimental hsv-1 retinitis. | injection of the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 into the anterior chamber of one eye of a balb/c mouse produces bilateral retinal inflammation which progresses in the contralateral eye to total retinal necrosis by day 10 post-inoculation. although both immune and direct viral cytopathic effects have been proposed as causes of the initial infiltration, the precise mechanism(s) of the contralateral retinal necrosis remains uncertain. in this study, histopathological examination of the u ... | 1989 | 2731572 |
| transgenic mice with inducible dwarfism. | the pituitary gland, composed of the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobe, represents a principal regulatory interface through which the central nervous system controls body physiology. the ontogeny of the growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) producing cells of the anterior pituitary has been analysed in transgenic mice, using the thymidine kinase obliteration system (tko). cells expressing the herpes virus 1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) gene acquire pharmacological sensitivity to syntheti ... | 1989 | 2733785 |
| identification of the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus: use of degenerate oligonucleotides in the polymerase chain reaction to isolate herpesvirus gene homologs. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv) is the causative agent of viral rhinotracheitis in cats. current vaccination programs employing attenuated live and killed fhv vaccines have been effective in reducing the incidence of this disease. as an initial step in the development of recombinant fhvs for use in the vaccination of cats, we have identified the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of this feline-specific alphaherpesvirus. comparisons of the amino acid sequences of other herpesvirus tk proteins have shown that ... | 1989 | 2746729 |
| [penetration and action of edoxudine in vitro and in vivo]. | the penetration of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edoxudine, aedurid) from gel base with and without the addition of urea and other adjuvant has been studied in an in vitro model using guinea pig skin. the formulation of 3% edoxudine gel with 5% urea showed the best results. in vivo experiments on hairless mice infected intracutaneously with herpes simplex virus type 1 also showed this formulation's good efficacy as compared to other formulations. | 1989 | 2757660 |
| separation of primary structural components conferring autoregulation, transactivation, and dna-binding properties to the herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein icp4. | a truncated icp4 peptide which contains the amino-terminal 774 amino acids of the 1,298-amino-acid polypeptide is proficient for dna binding, autoregulation, and transactivation of some viral genes (n. a. deluca and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 62:732-743, 1988) and hence exhibits many of the properties characteristic of intact icp4. to define the primary sequence important for the activities inherent in the amino-terminal half of the icp4 molecule, insertional and deletion mutagenesis of the seque ... | 1989 | 2760981 |
| dna binding and gene regulation by the herpes simplex virus type 1 protein icp4 and involvement of the tata element. | we report the results of fine mapping the sequences responsible for negative regulation of immediate-early (ie) gene 3 by its own gene product, icp4. affinity-purified icp4 binds the transcriptional start site of ie gene 3 and protein-protein interactions induce a secondary mobility shift that footprints exactly as the primary complex. since these dna-protein complexes contain icp4, it is likely that the two differ only in stoichiometry of protein. additional data show that the dna-binding domai ... | 1989 | 2760982 |
| antibody responses and protection in mice immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen immune-stimulating complex preparations. | the formation of immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms) obtained by mixing the glycoside quil a with an antigen preparation derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cell cultures using a zwitterionic detergent is described. the hsv-1 antigen preparation incorporated into iscoms elicited significantly greater antibody responses in mice than the same preparation administered together with aluminium hydroxide gel, and provided complete protection against hsv-1 or hsv-2 lethal, syste ... | 1989 | 2769234 |
| [immunopathological analysis of t and non-t cell involvement in corneal inflammation caused by hsv type-1 infection]. | in herpetic keratitis, the role of t cell subsets is not clearly understood although the involvement of cell-mediated immunity has been reported. the purpose of this paper is to analyse t cell-mediated immunopathological conditions and the role of non-t cell lineage in herpetic stromal keratitis employing nude (nu/nu) and balb/c mice. all mice were divided into three groups. group 1: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-inoculated nu/nu mice. group 2: hsv-1-inoculated nu/nu mice with interleukin- ... | 1989 | 2787589 |
| infiltration of immune t cells in the brain of mice with herpes simplex virus-induced encephalitis. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of mice can induce viral encephalitis. using two-fluorochrome immunofluorescence, our present study shows that though there is extensive myelin loss and necrosis in the brain stem of mice with hsv encephalitis, only some oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglial cells are infected. t cells that express cd4 or cd8 and a large number of cd4+, f4/80+ macrophages are present in perivascular infiltrates close to and in contact with hsv-infected cells in areas of ... | 1989 | 2787806 |
| lymphoproliferative and serological responses to herpes simplex virus during primary infection, recrudescence, and re-infection in a murine model. | mice were infected epidermally with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) after mild tape stripping. some were re-infected by the same route several weeks later; recrudescences were induced in others by uv-irradiation before the primary infection followed by re-irradiation and tape stripping at a later date. clinical symptoms were noted; serological responses to hsv and lymphoproliferative and phenotypic analysis of local lymph node cells were measured throughout. experience of a primary lesion di ... | 1989 | 2789063 |
| recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c protects mice against herpes simplex virus challenge. | the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein c (gc) was isolated and cloned into a vaccinia virus insertion vector, and the resulting vaccinia-gc vector was used to construct a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed gc (vvgc5). infection of cells with vvgc5 resulted in cell surface expression of authentic hsv-1 gc. hsv-1 gc-specific neutralizing antibodies were produced in vvgc5-immunized mice, and lymphocytes exhibited an hsv-1-specific proliferation response in vit ... | 1989 | 2794972 |
| modulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of cultured neuronal cells by nerve growth factor and antibody to hsv. | cultures of neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia (drg) and the rat phaeochromocytoma line pc12 were used to study herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-neuronal cell interactions. cultures were used for hsv infection either without additional treatment, or with pretreatment with nerve growth factor (ngf), or with subsequent exposure to medium containing neutralizing antibody to hsv or with a combination of ngf and antibody. the appearance of morphological changes in the cultured cells following hsv infe ... | 1989 | 2804613 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in saudi arabia. | the seroepidemiology of infection due to herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster (vzv) viruses was investigated in 224 saudi children aged from under 1 year to 15 years and 452 adults (healthy male blood donors and pregnant women) using a presently available sensitive indirect immunofluorescence technique to detect antibodies to these viruses in order to determine the age of primary infection. age-specific prevalence of igg antibodies to hsv-1 and vzv showed a progressive increase wit ... | 1989 | 2810461 |
| evaluation of a monoclonal antibody typing system for herpes simplex virus. | this study compared conventional viral isolation (vi) in cell cultures with a commercial product--virgo antigen detection system--for the identification and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the system is designed to identify and type hsv from direct lesion smears (ds) and from cell culture smears (cs) infected with a swab from the patient's lesion by means of an indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) using hsv type-common and hsv-2 type-specific monoclonal antibodies. a total of 71 coded specime ... | 1987 | 2819800 |
| reconstitution of cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man. | longitudinal studies over an eight-month period have been performed to follow the t killer response restoration after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the capacity of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) to develop cytotoxic effector cells directed either against allogeneic cells or against epstein-barr virus (ebv) or herpes-simplex virus-1 (hsv-1)-infected syngeneic cells was tested monthly. the data suggest that in most cases the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) acti ... | 1987 | 2820090 |
| intertypic recombinants of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 infected-cell polypeptide 4. | the wild-type icp4s (infected-cell polypeptide 4) encoded by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are functionally interchangeable. in order to test the functional interchangeability of their intramolecular domains, a series of intertypic icp4 genes was constructed and characterized to determine if any of the encoded chimeric proteins were functionally impaired. we generated the recombinants in escherichia coli using cloned icp4 genes and the lambda recombination vectors develope ... | 1987 | 2820127 |
| absence of host-cell influence on binding specificity of herpes simplex virus type 1 induced fc receptor. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infected cells express on their surface a receptor with affinity to the fc portion of immunoglobulin g (igg). the influence of the infected host cell on the specificity of the receptor was investigated with radiolabeled human igg fc fragment and four animal iggs (rabbit, dog, cow, and rat) and eight human and animal (primate, rabbit, dog, cow, and rat) fibroblastoid and epithelioid cell lines. human igg fc, rabbit igg and cow igg bound to all cell lines infected with h ... | 1987 | 2820192 |
| multifocal cns demyelination following peripheral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1. | the peripheral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) in experimental animals induces central nervous system (cns) demyelinating lesions, but the potential relevance of this model to multiple sclerosis is lessened by the unifocal nature of the lesion. in this study, inbred strains of mice were selected on the basis of varying resistance to mortality following lip inoculation with virus. a spectrum of cns pathology was observed, ranging from focal collections of inflammatory cells at ... | 1987 | 2820296 |
| concomitant herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had combined infections of the central nervous system, with both herpes simplex virus (hsv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). all three had a diffuse ventriculoencephalitis documented at postmortem examination. the presence of hsv type 1 and cmv was confirmed microscopically with immunohistochemistry. the clinical importance of these three patients is that they establish the presence of concomitant hsv and cmv encephalitis in acquired im ... | 1987 | 2820361 |
| in situ detection of alkaline nuclease activity in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). | an in situ assay for detection of alkaline nuclease activities has been adapted to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) system. six major nuclease activities which migrate with molecular weights of 90,000, 85,000, 80,000, 76,000, 71,000 and 65,000, and six minor species of molecular weights 87,000, 81,000, 57,000, 18,500, 17,500 and 16,500 were detected in lysates of hsv-1 infected cells following sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme activation in situ. an elisa assay and an immu ... | 1987 | 2820498 |
| alkaline nuclease activity in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-1 temperature-sensitive mutants. | an in situ assay has been adapted to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) system which can detect alkaline nuclease activity in infected cell lysates following sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. lysates of cells infected with hsv-1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants possessing mutations in the genes for an immediate-early transcriptional regulatory protein (icp4), viral dna polymerase (pol), and the major hsv-1 dna binding protein (icp8) exhibited altered alkaline nucle ... | 1987 | 2820499 |
| limiting dilution analysis of specific in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus antibody production by human lymphocytes. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system to study specific anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) has been developed. hsv specific antibody production was detected in culture supernatants of pbmc from hsv seropositive healthy individuals by stimulating with optimal concentrations of hsv antigen without mitogens. to investigate the specificity of the resulting antibody, a limiting dilution analysis was performed a ... | 1987 | 2820632 |
| a detailed mutational analysis of vmw110, a trans-acting transcriptional activator encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. | viral genes expressed during infection of tissue culture cells by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) can be divided into three broad temporal groups called immediate-early (ie), early and late. prior expression of ie gene products is required before later classes of genes can be transcribed. using cloned copies of viral genes in plasmid vectors, it has been shown that the products of ie genes 1 and 3 (vmw110 and vmw175) can activate transcription from both viral and cellular promoters in short- ... | 1987 | 2820720 |
| differential sensitivity of cultured retinal neurons and photoreceptors to herpes simplex infection. | infection of the retina with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes devastating lesions usually leading to blindness. however, the interactions between individual retinal cell types and this virus have not been well characterized, probably because of limitations posed by the complexity of the intact retina. we have now approached this problem through the use of separate, purified populations of isolated chick embryo retinal neurons and photoreceptor cells, of glial cells, and of pigmented ep ... | 1987 | 2820771 |
| the italian cooperative multiple sclerosis case-control study: preliminary results on viral antibodies. | viral antibodies to measles, hsv-1, hsv-2, ebv and htlb-iii have been tested in 120 sera and 90 cfs of 78 ms patients, 21 other neurological diseases and 21 non neurological disease controls included in the italian multicenter ms case-control study. a significantly higher frequency of hsv-2 antibodies was found in the ms cases than in the two control groups. moreover the hsv-2 and the rbv-vca cantibody levels were higher in the ms patients than in those with non neurological diseases. a clear or ... | 1987 | 2820894 |
| target-sensitive immunoliposomes as an efficient drug carrier for antiviral activity. | we have shown previously that target-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of palmitoyl antibody stabilized phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers could be destabilized by binding to the target cells (ho, r. j. y., rouse, b. t., and huang, l., biochemistry (1986) 25, 5500-5506). target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated and free cytotoxic drugs of nucleoside analogs cytosine-beta-d-arabinoside (arac) or acycloguanosine (acyclovir, acv) were compared for their antiviral efficacy and cell cytotoxicity. ... | 1987 | 2820987 |
| interactions of target-sensitive immunoliposomes with herpes simplex virus. the foundation of a sensitive immunoliposome assay for the virus. | interactions between target-sensitive (ts) immunoliposomes and herpes simplex virus (hsv) were investigated. target sensitivity of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) immunoliposomes is a result of the ability of acylated monoclonal anti-hsv glycoprotein d (gd) to stabilize the bilayer phase of pe, whereas by itself, pe does not form stable liposomes (ho, r. j. y., rouse, b. t., and huang, l. (1986) biochemistry 25, 5500-5506). upon binding of these immunoliposomes to hsv antigen-containing gd, destab ... | 1987 | 2820988 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to murine cytomegalovirus in genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice. | the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was measured by ear swelling following a challenge with heat-treated mcmv. dth was dose-dependent and could be detected as early as 3 days post-infection with peak responses occurring between days 15 and 21 post-infection. the dth response was found to be specific for mcmv since it could not be elicited by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or influenza a virus in mcmv-primed mice. the elicited d ... | 1987 | 2821177 |
| biological basis for virulence of three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains f, hf and hfem were studied with respect to pathogenicity in mice and growth characteristics in vivo and in vitro compared to the neurovirulent hsv-1 strains 17 syn+ and kos. all three viruses demonstrated reduced virulence in mouse brains and were completely avirulent after footpad inoculation. they were shown to express high levels of thymidine kinase activity. investigations concerning the virulence phenotype indicated that the defect(s) in strains ... | 1987 | 2821178 |
| genetic and environmental determination of herpes simplex virus type 1 penetration into non-permissive rat xc cells. | we have tested a number of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) populations for their ability to enter and express virus polypeptides in non-permissive rat xc cells. the viruses tested included 40 intratypic f(mp) recombinants and different batches of virus, belonging to the same strains, that had been produced in two different permissive systems (hep-2 or vero cells). our results indicated that the ability to infect xc cells was determined in part by genetic elements of the virus genome and in p ... | 1987 | 2821182 |
| replication characteristics and core size of intranuclear herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) in genital skin lesions: electronmicroscopy studies of a biopsy from a female patient. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 genital infection, leading to ulcerating lesions in a female patient, was studied by electronmicroscopy. infection had probably been recent, through oro-genital contact with a cold sore on the husband's lip. cell-culture typing and serological tests indicated that the patient currently had an hsv-1 secondary infection. aspects studied in a skin biopsy from an ulcerating labium majus were epidermal cell types infected, stages in virus genesis, virus core diameter ... | 1987 | 2821262 |
| transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls establish the cascade of herpes simplex virus protein synthesis. | gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) results in the synthesis of three temporal classes of viral proteins. the three classes of viral proteins are expressed in a cascade manner of sequential dependency. the molecular mechanisms that account for the hsv-1 protein synthesis cascade are poorly understood. in order to provide a detailed description of the metabolic levels at which hsv-1 protein synthesis is regulated, we have measured transcription rates and mrna accumulation level ... | 1987 | 2821283 |
| transcriptional induction of the ubiquitin gene during herpes simplex virus infection is dependent upon the viral immediate-early protein icp4. | lytic infection with herpes simplex virus results in transcriptional induction of a cellular gene encoding ubiquitin, causing increased accumulation of ubiquitin rna and protein in the infected cell. this induction, which is dependent upon viral protein synthesis, does not occur in the hsv-1 mutant tsk which is defective in the gene encoding the viral protein icp4. transfected cells expressing the viral icp4 protein exhibit higher levels of ubiquitin gene transcription than untransfected control ... | 1987 | 2821506 |
| isomerization of the ul region of varicella-zoster virus dna. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna exists principally as two isomers. despite the presence of inverted repeats bounding the long sequence region, the unique long sequence, ul, is found in one (prototype) orientation in 95-98% of vzv dna molecules and in the inverted orientation in only 2-5% of the molecules. in searching for an explanation for this disparity, we superinfected vzv-infected cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 or pseudorabies virus. neither superinfecting virus produced a measurab ... | 1987 | 2821706 |
| in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of 2'-fluorinated arabinosides of 5-(2-haloalkyl)uracil. | 5-(2-fluoroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (fedu), its 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (fefau) and the 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (cefau) of the potent anti-herpesvirus compound 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu) were evaluated for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in vitro and in vivo. fedu, fefau and cefau proved to be potent and selective anti-herpesvirus agents in vitro. their potency is evident from their low minimum inhibitory concentrations for hsv-1 and h ... | 1987 | 2821896 |
| protection against herpes simplex virus infection in mice by recombinant murine interferon-beta in combination with antibody. | a recombinant murine interferon -beta (rmuifn-beta) was used to suppress the development of skin lesions and death of mice after challenge with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1). depilated female balb/c mice were inoculated intradermally with hsv-1, hayashida strain, and were administered various concentrations of interferon (ifn) intraperitoneally 3 h later. the treatment with ifn was given once a day for 10 successive days. under the conditions in which almost all control mice died aft ... | 1987 | 2821897 |
| effect of immunization and immunosuppression on induced ocular shedding and recovery of herpes simplex virus in infected rabbits. | immunization and immunosuppression were evaluated during latent ocular herpes simplex virus, type 1 (hsv-1) infection in the rabbit, using the following parameters: (1) ability to recover virus from preocular tearfilm cultures; (2) reactivation of latent infection by direct electrical stimulation; and (3) recovery of virus from latently infected ganglia by whole-cell co-cultivation. immunization prior to ocular inoculation of virus significantly reduced both the titer of virus shed into the tear ... | 1987 | 2822456 |
| activation of latent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in vitro requires a (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine-sensitive gene function. | previous studies have shown that herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (hsv-2) can be maintained in a latent state in a limited number of cells by elevating the incubation temperature after treatment of hsv-infected human fetus lung fibroblast cells with metabolic inhibitors. superinfection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) of latently infected cells maintained at the elevated temperature reactivated latent virus. in addition, superinfection with temperature-sensitive mutants indicated that reactiva ... | 1987 | 2822602 |
| specific phosphorylation of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus-infected cells and incorporation into viral dna. | 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edu) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), which is currently being pursued for the topical treatment of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections in humans. using [4-14c]edu as the radiolabeled analogue of edu, it was ascertained that, at antivirally active doses, edu is phosphorylated to a much greater extent by hsv-infected vero cells than by mock-infected cells. within the hsv-1-infected cells, edu was incorpora ... | 1987 | 2822705 |
| a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus antigens. | a sandwich elisa for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) antigens was developed using sheep anti-hsv f(ab')2 fragments for capture and an indirect antibody system for detection. current detection limits are 0.5 ng protein for hsv1 and 1.5 ng protein for hsv2. this compares to a single hsv1-infected vero-cell in a background of 10(6) non-infected cells or 10 plaque forming units (pfu) of hsv1 in culture supernatants as determined in separate experiments. limiting dilution experiments show ... | 1987 | 2822751 |
| effects of differentiation of human macrophage-like u937 cells on intrinsic resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1. | we have characterized the effect of differentiation on the resistance of the mononuclear phagocyte to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by using the human mononuclear phagocyte cell line, u937. the replication of hsv-1 was compared in undifferentiated u937 cells and u937 cells induced to undergo differentiation. undifferentiated u937 cells were highly resistant to hsv-1 infection. infectious virus levels declined rapidly to less than 0.1 plaque-forming units (pfu) per cell by 24 hr postinfecti ... | 1987 | 2822803 |
| expression and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein g (gg) by recombinant vaccinia virus: neutralization of hsv-1 infectivity with anti-gg antibody. | a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein g (gg) has been constructed. cells infected with this recombinant virus (gg-vac) synthesized glycosylated proteins of 48k, 57k and 61k mol. wt. that were recognized by anti-hsv-1 sera. rabbits and mice vaccinated with the live recombinant virus produced antibodies that recognized 48k, 57k and 61k mol. wt. proteins in hsv-1-infected cells. the gg polypeptides were present on cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes ... | 1987 | 2822841 |
| identification of the herpes simplex virus protein kinase as the product of viral gene us3. | previous work has shown that a novel protein kinase is induced after infection of cultured cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). separately, it has been reported that the protein encoded by hsv-1 gene us3 shows similarity in its amino acid sequence to members of the protein kinase family of eukaryotes. we have investigated the possibility that these two observations are connected by preparing an antiserum to a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminal eight amino aci ... | 1987 | 2822848 |
| acetylenic nucleosides. 4. 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethynylcytosine. improved synthesis and evaluation of biochemical and antiviral properties. | 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (eac) was prepared from 1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine by iodination followed by coupling with (trimethylsilyl)acetylene and deblocking. at 50 microm, eac was found to inhibit the in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 by greater than 99%. eac also showed activity against a strain of hsv-1 resistant to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine which has an alteration of the virus-induced thymidine kinase (tk). ... | 1987 | 2822932 |
| the herpes simplex virus origins of dna synthesis in the s component are each contained in a transcribed open reading frame. | in the herpes simplex virus 1 genome, the origins of viral dna synthesis are located in the unique sequences of the l component (oril) and in the reiterated sequences of the s component (oris) located between the 5' terminus of the alpha 4 gene and the 5' terminus of either the alpha 22 (left terminus of the s component) or the alpha 47 (right terminus of the s component) gene. studies prompted by the finding that only one, but not both, oris sequence is dispensable for growth in cell culture in ... | 1987 | 2822945 |
| evidence that neomycin inhibits binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 to the cellular receptor. | the effect of neomycin, a phosphoinositide-binding aminoglycoside, on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of bhk cells was studied. we showed earlier that it specifically inhibits hsv-1 production but not hsv-2 production (langeland et al., biochem biophys. res. commun. 141:198-203, 1986). we now show that neomycin had no effect on cellular protein synthesis, as judged by the appearance of 35s-labeled polypeptides separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. virus-induced polypepti ... | 1987 | 2822948 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 oril is not required for virus replication or for the establishment and reactivation of latent infection in mice. | during the course of experiments designed to isolate deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the gene encoding the major dna-binding protein, icp8, a mutant, d61, that grew efficiently in icp8-expressing vero cells but not in normal vero cells was isolated (p. k. orberg and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 61:1136-1146, 1987). d61 was derived by cotransfection of icp8-expressing vero cells with infectious wild-type viral dna and a plasmid, pdx, that contains an engineered 780-base-pair (bp) ... | 1987 | 2822960 |
| thymidylate synthase is the principal target enzyme for the cytostatic activity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine against murine mammary carcinoma (fm3a) cells transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 thymidine kinase gene. | murine mammary carcinoma fm3a cells, deficient in cytosol thymidine (dthd) kinase (tk) activity and transformed by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) tk gene (designated fm3a tk-/hsv-1 tk+ and fm3a tk-/hsv-2 tk+, respectively) proved extremely sensitive to the cytostatic action of the potent antiherpetic drugs (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) and (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu). the fact that fm3a tk-/hsv-2 tk+ cells were 5-fold more sensitive to the ... | 1987 | 2823092 |
| intracellular phosphorylation of broad-spectrum anti-dna virus agent (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine and inhibition of viral dna synthesis. | the acyclic nucleotide analogue (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)-adenine [(s)-hpmpa], which contains a phosphonate-substituted aliphatic chain, is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of various dna viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). we have synthesized radiolabeled (s)-[u-14c-adenine]hpmpa and investigated its metabolism by hsv-1-infected and mock-infected cells. the drug is as such taken up by the cells and subsequently converted to its monophosp ... | 1987 | 2823095 |
| identification of a complex associated with processing and polyadenylation in vitro of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase precursor rna. | cleavage and polyadenylation of substrate rnas containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene polyadenylation signal region were examined in hela cell nuclear extract. 3'-end rna processing was accurate and efficient and required atp and mg2+. cleavage, but not polyadenylation, occurred in the presence of edta or when atp was replaced with 3' datp (cordycepin) or amp(ch2)pp, a nonhydrolyzable analog of atp. processing in vitro and in vivo showed the same signal ele ... | 1987 | 2823124 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 late gene icp18.5 of strain angelotti. | | 1987 | 2823222 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by flos verbasci infusion. | the preliminary phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of flavonoids, iridoids, phenolic acids, saponins, amino acids, free sugars, and mucilages in the lyophilized infusion obtained from flowers of verbascum thapsiforme schrad. (fvi). antiviral activity of the fvi on herpes simplex type 1 virus (hsv-1) was studied in vitro by the yield reduction test. decrease in the virus titer amounted to about 2.5 log at the non-toxic concentrations of fvi. the inhibitory effect of fvi on hs ... | 1987 | 2823239 |
| binding of the virion protein mediating alpha gene induction in herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells to its cis site requires cellular proteins. | in herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells, the transcription of alpha genes, the first set of genes to be expressed, is induced by a virion component, the alpha-trans-induction factor, and requires a cis site. homologs of the cis site are present in the promoter-regulatory domains of all alpha genes and bind two cellular proteins designated as alpha h1 and alpha h2-alpha h3. we report that alpha-trans-induction factor, synthesized in vitro or present in nuclear extracts of infected cells, forms c ... | 1987 | 2823252 |
| activation of human immunodeficiency virus by herpesvirus infection: identification of a region within the long terminal repeat that responds to a trans-acting factor encoded by herpes simplex virus 1. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection induces transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene directed by the long terminal repeat (ltr) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in both transiently and permanently transfected cells containing the hiv-ltr/cat hybrid gene. to define the mechanism by which hsv-1 stimulates the hiv ltr, we examined the effects of isolated regulatory genes from hsv-1. the results of cotransfection assays with the immediate-early (ie) genes of hsv-1, ... | 1987 | 2823260 |
| [(e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-desoxyuridine--a new nucleoside analog with selective inhibitory action against herpesviruses. studies in cell culture and animal experiments]. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1; brvudr) inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in vitro at concentrations of 0.01 to 0.23 mumol/l, whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is influenced only at 5.5 to 27 mumol/l. in comparison to some classical and newly developed antiherpetics, i. e. 5-iodo-2'-desoxyuridine (2; idoxuridine, idu), 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (4; vidarabine ara-a), 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (5; ... | 1987 | 2823299 |
| the effect of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine on dna repair and mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1. | growth of hsv-1 in (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) results in incorporation of the analog into hsv-1 dna. employing the technique of weigle-type reactivation (wr), hsv-1 inactivated by uv irradiation but not by growth in bvdu is a substrate for induced cellular repair pathways. growth of mammalian cells in bvdu does not induce cellular repair pathways detected by wr. hsv-1 temperature sensitive (ts) mutants demonstrate an increased reversion frequency to the nonpermissive phenotype ( ... | 1987 | 2823464 |
| herpes simplex virus, type 1 invasion of the rabbit and mouse nervous systems revealed by in situ hybridization. | using a 3h-labelled virion dna probe applied to tissue sections, we have previously identified the precise microscopic anatomical location of herpes simplex virus (hsv) during the acute and latent stages of infection of the mouse trigeminal ganglia and central nervous system (cns). in the present investigation, we compared the mouse and the rabbit with respect to their ability to support acute and latent infections of trigeminal ganglionic and central nervous system neurons. we found that hsv-1, ... | 1987 | 2823520 |
| synthesis and biological effects of 2'-fluoro-5-ethyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil. | 2'-fluoro-5-ethyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (feau) was synthesized, and its biological activities were compared with those of 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (fmau). earlier studies indicated that both compounds showed potent anti-herpes simplex virus activity, with a 50% effective dose (ed50) of less than 0.25 microm. in the present study the cell growth inhibitory activity of feau (ed50, 200 to 2,060 microm) was found to be about 100-fold less than that of fmau. with a ... | 1987 | 2823696 |
| polysaccharides as antiviral agents: antiviral activity of carrageenan. | a number of polysaccharides showed good antiviral activity against several animal viruses. at 5 micrograms/ml, carrageenan prevented the cell monolayer from destruction by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) growth. at 10 micrograms/ml, carrageenan reduced the formation of new infectious hsv-1 by almost five logs. no cytotoxic effects were detected with concentrations of carrageenan up to 200 micrograms/ml. when 10 micrograms of carrageenan per ml was added at the beginning of hsv-1 infection of ... | 1987 | 2823697 |
| effect of incorporation of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into hsv-1 dna on virion sensitivity to ultraviolet light. | first generation progeny herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) virions grown in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idurd) were irradiated with either 254 or 302 nm ultraviolet (u.v.) light. the kinetics of virus inactivation revealed decreased sensitivity of idurd-substituted virions to irradiation with 302 nm light under all conditions examined, and with 254 nm u.v. light when substituted and control virions were irradiated at equal particle concentrations. comparison of virus survival after irrad ... | 1987 | 2823822 |
| [dynamics of the formation of antibodies to surface and internal proteins of the herpes simplex virus in a model experiment on rabbits]. | it has been shown by immunoblotting that antibodies to hsv-1 nucleocapsid proteins (39-45k) predominate at the early stages of infection (up to day 21 after infection) in rabbits. at later stages (up to day 75) the intensity of bands corresponding to virus-specific glycoproteins (presumably gd, ge, gc) increases. at the same time the level of antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins diminishes. in elisa the same pattern was obtained using envelope and nucleo-capsid proteins denatured by sds and 2-mer ... | 1987 | 2823927 |
| influencing of ionizing radiation on herpes simplex virus and its genome. | the effects of cobalt-60 gamma-rays, 10 mev electrons and 52 mev deutrons on the survival of plaque-forming ability has been studied in various strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the results show that the d0 for the loss of plaque-forming ability in different hsv strains lies in the range 1-3 kgy. irradiation of isolated hsv-1 dna with cobalt-60 gamma-rays resulted in damage, as indicated by electrophoresis of purified viral dna and by restriction endonuclease analysis, at doses of 1 kgy, wi ... | 1987 | 2824393 |
| cell-mediated immune tolerance to hsv-1 antigens associated with reduced susceptibility to hsv-1 corneal lesions. | we have investigated the involvement of cell-mediated immune responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the pathogenesis of hsv-1 induced corneal stromal lesions in mice. topical corneal (tc) hsv-1 infection induced a vigorous delayed hypersensitivity response, as well as lymphoproliferative and cytotoxic responses in the regional lymph nodes. the cytotoxic response involved hsv-1 specific and genetically restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes, and activated natural killer cells. half of th ... | 1987 | 2824400 |
| hsv-1 retinitis and delayed hypersensitivity in dba/2 and c57bl/6 mice. | following uniocular anterior chamber (a.c.) inoculation of hsv-1 into balb/c mice, the architecture of the uninoculated eye is destroyed by a pan-retinal inflammatory process within 10 days. balb/c inoculated with hsv-1 via the a.c. route also develop anterior chamber associated immune deviation (acaid), one characteristic of which is impairment of virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) responsiveness. to determine whether other strains of mice develop acaid and contralateral retinitis, db ... | 1987 | 2824401 |
| characterisation of acyclovir-resistant and -sensitive clinical herpes simplex virus isolates from an immunocompromised patient. | a detailed study was made of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolates from an immunocompromised patient whose infection became resistant to acyclovir (acv) during a prolonged course of oral treatment. three hsv isolates and 33 virus clones derived from them were characterised. the development of clinical resistance correlated with the emergence of thymidine kinase (tk) defective strains. the acv-sensitive strains studied contained a small proportion of insensitive virus. the resistant isolat ... | 1987 | 2824424 |
| redistribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigens during herpes simplex virus infection. | infection of human epidermoid carcinoma no. 2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) leads to a reorganization of antigens associated with both the small and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snrnp and hnrnp). the hnrnp core protein antigens remain associated with the host chromatin, which appears to collapse into internal aggregates and along the nuclear envelope. more striking is the formation of prominent clusters of snrnp antigens (both general and u1 snrnp specific) ... | 1987 | 2824525 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gc-1 and gc-2 bind to the third component of complement and provide protection against complement-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. | cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) form rosettes with c3b-coated erythrocytes, whereas cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or other herpes viruses do not. it was reported that glycoprotein c of hsv-1 (gc-1) mediates the binding of c3b-coated erythrocytes to infected cells and has regulatory (decay-accelerating) activity for the alternative pathway c3 convertase of human complement. we show here that solubilized gc-1 binds to ic3-sepharose affinity columns ... | 1987 | 2824652 |
| evidence that deletion of coding sequences in the 5' end of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 affects the stability of the gene products. | the experiments described in the present work were designed to study the function of the n-terminal end of thymidine kinase (tk) encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. specifically we were interested to know whether this end was involved in binding of the enzyme to other molecules, had any influence on its subcellular localization or affected one or more of the activities associated with the enzyme. a parental enzyme and a deletion mutant, lacking the 45 n-terminal amino acids, derived from thi ... | 1987 | 2824663 |
| analysis of the igm and igg antibody response against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) structural and nonstructural proteins. | in the present study the reactivity of igg and igm antibodies against hsv-1 structural and nonstructural proteins was analyzed by western blot analysis (wba) and radioimmunoprecipitation followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ripa-page). it was demonstrated that igm and igg antibodies were directed against viral immediate-early, early, and late proteins. following acute primary hsv infection, the early igm antibody response in general was found to be directed against nonglycosylated str ... | 1987 | 2824680 |
| demonstration of hsv-i antigen in patients with oral cancer by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. | biopsies from one hundred and seventy five patients suffering from carcinoma of the oral cavity were examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antigen, using immunofluorescence (direct and indirect) and immunoperoxidase techniques. seventy-seven percent of the biopsies showed significant fluorescence, while 71% showed positivity with immunoperoxidase staining. there was no correlation either in the degree of fluorescence or in the intensity of peroxidase staining with clin ... | 1987 | 2824733 |
| detection of latency-related viral rnas in trigeminal ganglia of rabbits latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | using a combination of in situ hybridization and northern (rna) blot analysis, we investigated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) transcriptional activity in an ocular rabbit model of hsv-1 latency. radioactively labeled cloned fragments, representing virtually the entire hsv-1 genome, were individually hybridized to rna in sections of trigeminal ganglia taken from rabbits during the latent phase of infection with hsv-1 (mckrae). our results suggest that two discrete latency-related rnas (lr-rn ... | 1987 | 2824816 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts during latent infection in mice. | a latent infection can be established in the trigeminal ganglia of mice after corneal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). with a virion dna probe, three transcripts (2.0, 1.5, and 1.45 kilobases [kb]) were detected by northern blot (rna blot) analysis of rnas isolated from the ganglia of latently infected mice. all three transcripts hybridized to a nick-translated hsv-1 dna probe from bamhi restriction fragment b (strain f). these rnas were mapped with subfragments of bamhi-b and ... | 1987 | 2824818 |
| regulation of glycoprotein d synthesis: does alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1, regulate late genes both positively and negatively? | earlier studies have described the alpha 4/c113 baby hamster kidney cell line which constitutively expresses the alpha 4 protein, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). introduction of the hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb) gene, regulated as a gamma 1 gene, into these cells yielded a cell line which constitutively expressed both the alpha 4 and gamma 1 gb genes. the expression of the gb gene was dependent on the presence of functional alpha 4 protein. in this article we report t ... | 1988 | 2824843 |
| entry of herpes simplex virus 1 in bj cells that constitutively express viral glycoprotein d is by endocytosis and results in degradation of the virus. | the bj cell line which constitutively expresses herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein d is resistant to infection with herpes simplex viruses. analysis of clonal lines indicated that resistance to superinfecting virus correlates with the expression of glycoprotein d. resistance was not due to a failure of attachment to cells, since the superinfecting virus absorbed to the bj cells. electron microscopic studies showed that the virions are juxtaposed to coated pits and are then taken up into endocyt ... | 1988 | 2824844 |
| a human cytomegalovirus function inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus. | human embryonic lung (hel) cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) restricted the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). a delay in hsv replication of 15 h as well as a consistent, almost 3 log inhibition of hsv replication in hcmv-infected cell cultures harvested 24 to 72 h after superinfection were observed compared with controls infected with hsv alone. treatment of hcmv-infected hel cells with cycloheximide (100 micrograms/ml) for 3 or 24 h, conditions known to result i ... | 1988 | 2824846 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-induced ribonucleotide reductase activity is dispensable for virus growth and dna synthesis: isolation and characterization of an icp6 lacz insertion mutant. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) encodes a ribonucleotide reductase consisting of two subunits (140 and 38 kilodaltons) whose genes map to coordinates 0.56 to 0.60 on the viral genome. host cell lines containing the hpai f fragment which includes the reductase subunit genes of hsv type 1 strain kos (coordinates 0.535 to 0.620) were generated. transfection of these cells with a plasmid containing the immediate-early icp0 gene resulted in the expression of icp6; interestingly, icp4 plasmids failed to in ... | 1988 | 2824847 |
| isolation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 host range mutants defective in viral dna synthesis. | cell lines were generated by cotransfection of vero cells with psv2neo and a plasmid containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ecori d fragment (coordinates 0.086 to 0.194). one such cell line (s22) contained the genes for alkaline exonuclease and several uncharacterized functions. three mutant isolates of hsv-1 strain kos which grew on s22 cells but not on normal vero cells were isolated and characterized. all three mutants (hr27, hr48, and hr156) were defective in the synthesis of vir ... | 1988 | 2824860 |
| exposure of herpes simplex virus type 1 and its host cells to cigarette smoke in vitro. | a 1.0 ml suspension of herpes simplex virus type 1 in tissue culture growth medium was exposed at 37 degrees c to eight puffs of smoke from one cigarette. each puff consisted of 25.0 ml of mainstream smoke, and was delivered by a mechanical smoking apparatus. at 0, 15 and 60 min after exposure the virus was assayed for infectivity using hep-2 cells as the host. neither filter nor non-filter cigarette smoke affected the infectivity of the virus, or the viability of hep-2 cells treated with smoke ... | 1987 | 2824972 |
| latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia. detection of an immediate early gene "anti-sense" transcript by in situ hybridization. | we used in situ hybridization to study the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes during latent infections of human sensory ganglia. trigeminal ganglia were recovered at autopsy from 24 subjects with no evidence of an active herpetic infection. these ganglia were hybridized to 35s-labeled single-stranded rna probes spanning 72 percent of the herpes simplex genome. in the ganglia of 16 subjects, 0.2 to 4.3 percent of the neuronal cells contained abundant nuclear signals for viral rna. ga ... | 1987 | 2825014 |
| host cell-induced differences in o-glycosylation of herpes simplex virus gc-1. i. structures of nonsialylated hpa- and pna-binding carbohydrates. | lectins with narrow oligosaccharide specificities were established as probes to study the host cell influence on the biosynthesis of o-linked oligosaccharides of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specified glycoprotein c (gc-1). we found that only gc-1 and no other glycoprotein bound to the peanut lectin (pna), with main specificity for gal(beta 1-3)galnac. previously, we have shown that only gc-1 binds to the helix pomatia lectin (hpa), with main specificity for terminal galnac. the o-lin ... | 1987 | 2825412 |
| host cell-induced differences in the o-glycosylation of herpes simplex virus gc-1. ii. demonstration of cell-specific galactosyltransferase essential for formation of o-linked oligosaccharides. | by using a lectin-based screening method for cell-dependent variations of o-glycosylation of viral glycoprotein, we found that o-linked oligosaccharides of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins in virus-infected mouse neuroblastoma (c1300) cells differed from those of hsv glycoproteins produced in other cells. thus, o-linked oligosaccharides of hsv-1-specified glycoprotein c (gc-1), produced in gmk cells and a number of other cells, occurred mainly as trisaccharides or larger structu ... | 1987 | 2825413 |