| sexual segregation in juvenile new zealand sea lion foraging ranges: implications for intraspecific competition, population dynamics and conservation. | sexual segregation (sex differences in spatial organisation and resource use) is observed in a large range of taxa. investigating causes for sexual segregation is vital for understanding population dynamics and has important conservation implications, as sex differences in foraging ecology may affect vulnerability to area-specific human activities. although behavioural ecologists have proposed numerous hypotheses for this phenomenon, the underlying causes of sexual segregation are poorly underst ... | 2012 | 23028978 |
| birth timing for mountain lions (puma concolor); testing the prey availability hypothesis. | we investigated potential advantages in birth timing for mountain lion (puma concolor) cubs. we examined cub body mass, survival, and age of natal dispersal in relation to specific timing of birth. we also investigated the role of maternal age relative to timing of births. we captured mountain lion cubs while in the natal den to determine birth date, which allowed for precise estimates of the population birth pulse and age of natal dispersal. a birth pulse occurred during june-august. body mass ... | 2012 | 23028569 |
| demographic history of an elusive carnivore: using museums to inform management. | elusive carnivores present a challenge to managers because traditional survey methods are not suitable. we applied a genetic approach using museum specimens to examine how historical and recent conditions influenced the demographic history of puma concolor in western and southern texas, usa. we used 10 microsatellite loci and indexed population trends by estimating historical and recent genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and effective population size. mountain lions in southern texas exh ... | 2012 | 23028402 |
| evaluation of circulating eosinophil count and adrenal gland function in california sea lions naturally exposed to domoic acid. | to determine the effect of natural exposure to domoic acid (da) on eosinophil counts and adrenal gland function in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | 2012 | 23013509 |
| ocular melanoma and mammary mucinous carcinoma in an african lion. | reports of neoplasms in panthera species are increasing, but they are still an uncommon cause of disease and death in captive wild felids. the presence of two or more primary tumor in large felids is rarely reported, and there are no documented cases of ocular melanoma and mammary mucinous carcinoma in african lions. | 2012 | 23009723 |
| lion, ungulate, and visitor reactions to playbacks of lion roars at zoo atlanta. | felids in captivity are often inactive and elusive in zoos, leading to a frustrating visitor experience. eight roars were recorded from an adult male lion and played back over speakers as auditory enrichment to benefit the lions while simultaneously enhancing the zoo visitor experience. in addition, ungulates in an adjacent exhibit were observed to ensure that the novel location and increased frequency of roars did not lead to a stress or fear response. the male lion in this study roared more in ... | 2012 | 23009622 |
| lung collapse in the diving sea lion: hold the nitrogen and save the oxygen. | lung collapse is considered the primary mechanism that limits nitrogen absorption and decreases the risk of decompression sickness in deep-diving marine mammals. continuous arterial partial pressure of oxygen profiles in a free-diving female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) revealed that (i) depth of lung collapse was near 225 m as evidenced by abrupt changes in during descent and ascent, (ii) depth of lung collapse was positively related to maximum dive depth, suggesting that the se ... | 2012 | 22993241 |
| just throw me to the lions. | | 2012 | 22984237 |
| identification of source-sink dynamics in mountain lions of the great basin. | natural and anthropogenic boundaries have been shown to affect population dynamics and population structure for many species with movement patterns at the landscape level. understanding population boundaries and movement rates in the field for species that are cryptic and occur at low densities is often extremely difficult and logistically prohibitive; however genetic techniques may offer insights that have previously been unattainable. we analysed thirteen microsatellite loci for 739 mountain l ... | 2012 | 22934825 |
| normal liver size measurement in ethiopian children below thirteen years of age, black lion hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | ultrasound is an easy, safe and accurate imaging modality. it helps in safe evaluation of liver and measure the size to determine the normal value. normal value for liver size by ultrasound has to be determined in different age group and its variation with sex, height and weight has to be seen to detect hepatomegally. studies done on the normal size of the liver by ultrasound are limited in ethiopian children. | 2012 | 22924284 |
| children's perceptions about their health-related quality of life: effects of a health education-social skills program. | the perception about one's health includes feelings about physical and psychological characteristics as well as ways of managing interpersonal relationships. the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the health education program 'skills for primary school children' (ke.th.e.a.-ministry of education of greece. 1998. educational program of prevention: skills for elementary students [eκπαιδευτικό υλικό πρόληψης: δεξιότητες για παιδιά του δημοτικού]. athens: ke.th.e.a, 1998) on children ... | 2012 | 22907538 |
| body regional distribution and stratification of fatty acids in the blubber of new zealand sea lions: implications for diet predictions. | fatty acids (fas) from blubber are often analysed to assess the diet of marine mammals. however, distribution of blubber fas is not necessarily uniform along the body. it is therefore important to understand the deposition of dietary fat to be able to estimate the diet. we analysed the fa compositions of the thoracic ventral (t region) blubber of 28 new zealand (nz) sea lions phocarctos hookeri by-caught by the southern arrow squid nototodarus sloani fishery. each blubber sample was divided into ... | 2013 | 22847500 |
| injuries, envenomations and stings from exotic pets. | a variety of exotic vertebrate and invertebrate species are kept as 'pets' including fishes, amphibians (for example, frogs and toads), reptiles (turtles, crocodiles, lizards and snakes), birds, mammals (for example, primates, civets, and lions), and invertebrates (for example spiders, scorpions, and centipedes), and ownership of some of these animals is rising. data for 2009-2011 suggest that the number of homes with reptiles rose by approximately 12.5%. recent surveys, including only some of t ... | 2012 | 22843648 |
| a cupric silver histochemical analysis of domoic acid damage to olfactory pathways following status epilepticus in a rat model for chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior. | the amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, interferes with glutamatergic pathways leading to neuronal damage, most notably causing memory loss and seizures. in this study, the authors utilized a recently developed rat model for domoic acid-induced epilepsy, an emerging disease appearing in california sea lions weeks to months after poisoning, to identify structural damage that may lead to a permanent epileptic state. sprague dawley rats were kindled with several low hourly intraperitoneal doses o ... | 2013 | 22821366 |
| eye bank tissue utilization between endothelial keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty. | to determine rates of tissue use for corneal transplants via endothelial keratoplasty (ek) relative to penetrating keratoplasty (pk). | 2013 | 22820607 |
| risk factors associated with perianesthetic mortality of stranded free-ranging california sea lions (zalophus californianus) undergoing rehabilitation. | the objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with perianesthetic mortality of stranded free-ranging california sea lions (zalophus californianus) undergoing rehabilitation. hospital records of california sea lions that underwent heavy sedation or general anesthesia from 2004 through 2008 were reviewed, including records from 419 anesthetic events. procedures that resulted in death during or in the subsequent 72 hr of anesthesia were classified as cases (n = 15). procedures ... | 2012 | 22779225 |
| beholding as in a glass the glory of the lion. | | 2012 | 22765362 |
| prof. r. s. thind - lived like a lion and worked like a horse! | | 2012 | 22754145 |
| the eighth liquid matter conference. | the eighth liquid matter conference (lmc8) was held at the universität wien from 6-10 september 2011. initiated in 1990, the conferences of this series cover a broad range of highly interdisciplinary topics, ranging from simple liquids to soft matter and biophysical systems. the vast spectrum of scientific subjects presented and discussed at the lmc8 is reflected in the themes of the ten symposia: ionic and quantum liquids, liquid metals water, solutions and reaction dynamics liquid crystals pol ... | 2012 | 22740596 |
| pride diaries: sex, brain size and sociality in the african lion (panthera leo) and cougar (puma concolor). | the purpose of this study was to examine if differences in social life histories correspond to intraspecific variation in total or regional brain volumes in the african lion (panthera leo) and cougar (puma concolor). african lions live in gregarious prides usually consisting of related adult females, their dependent offspring, and a coalition of immigrant males. upon reaching maturity, male lions enter a nomadic and often, solitary phase in their lives, whereas females are mainly philopatric and ... | 2012 | 22722087 |
| effects of summer microclimates on behavior of lions and tigers in zoos. | the surrounding thermal environment has a direct influence on the well-being of an animal. however, few studies have investigated the microclimatic conditions that result from outdoor zoo enclosure designs and whether this affects where animals choose to spend time. two african lions (panthera leo) and two siberian/amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) were observed for a total of 18 full days during the summer and fall of 2009. their activities and locations were recorded to the nearest minute ... | 2013 | 22707238 |
| event-related potential patterns associated with hyperarousal in gulf war illness syndrome groups. | an exaggerated response to emotional stimuli is one of the several symptoms widely reported by veterans of the 1991 persian gulf war. many have attributed these symptoms to post-war stress; others have attributed the symptoms to deployment-related exposures and associated damage to cholinergic, dopaminergic, and white matter systems. we collected event-related potential (erp) data from 20 veterans meeting haley criteria for gulf war syndromes 1-3 and from 8 matched gulf war veteran controls, who ... | 2012 | 22691951 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of key exploited marine species in the northwestern mediterranean sea. | this study analyzes the temporal variability/stability of the spatial distributions of key exploited species in the gulf of lions (northwestern mediterranean sea). to do so, we analyzed data from the medits bottom-trawl scientific surveys from 1994 to 2010 at 66 fixed stations and selected 12 key exploited species. we proposed a geostatistical approach to handle zero-inflated and non-stationary distributions and to test for the temporal stability of the spatial structures. empirical orthogonal f ... | 2012 | 22655079 |
| role of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity of vesicular release. | while postsynaptic ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors have received the lions share of attention in studies of long-term activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, it is becoming clear that presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors play critical roles in both short-term and long-term plasticity of vesicular transmitter release, and that they act both at the level of voltage-dependent calcium channels and directly on proteins of the vesicular release machinery. activation of g protei ... | 2013 | 22626985 |
| transformation of pbde mixtures during sediment transport and resuspension in marine environments (gulf of lion, nw mediterranean sea). | polybromodiphenyl ethers (pbdes) in superficial sediments from the gulf of lion were studied. they were largely predominated by bde 209 (98.7% of all pbdes) indicating that the main source of these pollutants was the commercial mixture deca-bde. this compound and the less brominated bde exhibited a southwestward decreasing concentration gradient following the dominant marine currents and bottom relief, e.g. the mud belt, the submarine canyons and the open continental slope. all pbdes exhibited s ... | 2012 | 22595764 |
| a novel antibody-based biomarker for chronic algal toxin exposure and sub-acute neurotoxicity. | the neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (da), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. in humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. regular monitoring for high da levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute da ... | 2012 | 22567140 |
| seasonal variation in blood and muscle oxygen stores attributed to diving behavior, environmental temperature and pregnancy in a marine predator, the california sea lion. | survival depends on an animal's ability to find and acquire prey. in diving vertebrates, this ability is directly related to their physiological capability (e.g. oxygen stores). we studied the seasonal variation in oxygen stores, body temperature and body condition in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) (csl) as a function of seasonal variation in temperature, primary productivity, diving behavior and reproductive stage. during summer, blood oxygen stores were significantly greater and ... | 2012 | 22561663 |
| underwater psychophysical audiogram of a young male california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | auditory evoked potential (aep) data are commonly obtained in air while sea lions are under gas anesthesia; a procedure that precludes the measurement of underwater hearing sensitivity. this is a substantial limitation considering the importance of underwater hearing data in designing criteria aimed at mitigating the effects of anthropogenic noise exposure. to determine if some aspects of underwater hearing sensitivity can be predicted using rapid aerial aep methods, this study measured underwat ... | 2012 | 22559389 |
| the lion is not sleeping tonight. | | 2012 | 22545324 |
| coach lions. | | 2013 | 23885499 |
| improved semen collection method for wild felids: urethral catheterization yields high sperm quality in african lions (panthera leo). | for wild and domestic felids, electroejaculation (ee) is the most common semen collection method. however, the equipment is expensive, there is a risk of urine contamination and animals usually show strong muscular contraction despite general anesthesia. accordingly, we tested the feasibility of a different approach using urethral catheterization (uc) in seven african lions, previously described for domestic cats only. after general anesthesia with the α2-agonist medetomidine (which also stimula ... | 2012 | 22538007 |
| influences of bioavailability, trophic position, and growth on methylmercury in hakes (merluccius merluccius) from northwestern mediterranean and northeastern atlantic. | methylmercury (mehg) determinations in hake, its food-chain, and the surrounding waters and sediments allowed us to show that the higher length or age normalized mercury concentrations of northwestern mediterranean (gulf of lions: gol) muscle hakes compared to its northeastern atlantic (bay of biscay: bob) counterpart are due to both biotic and abiotic differences between their ecosystems. bioenergetic modeling reveals that the slower growth rate of mediterranean hake favors the mehg bioaccumula ... | 2012 | 22482912 |
| genetic structure and conservation of mountain lions in the south-brazilian atlantic rain forest. | the brazilian atlantic rain forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems worldwide, is also among the most important hotspots as regards biodiversity. through intensive logging, the initial area has been reduced to around 12% of its original size. in this study we investigated the genetic variability and structure of the mountain lion, puma concolor. using 18 microsatellite loci we analyzed evidence of allele dropout, null alleles and stuttering, calculated the number of allele/locus, pic, obse ... | 2012 | 22481876 |
| multicentric neurofibromatosis with rectal prolapse in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | an approximately 31-yr-old california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with a history of chronic visual impairment and corneal disease presented with slow onset, progressive neurologic deficits. treatment for rear flipper paresis was not effective and the animal was euthanatized. histopathologic findings included hepatocellular and biliary neoplasia, ocular amyloidosis, adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma, and spinal cord changes consistent with multicentric neurofibromatosis. this is the firs ... | 2012 | 22448517 |
| weak polygyny in california sea lions and the potential for alternative mating tactics. | female aggregation and male territoriality are considered to be hallmarks of polygynous mating systems. the development of genetic parentage assignment has called into question the accuracy of behavioral traits in predicting true mating systems. in this study we use 14 microsatellite markers to explore the mating system of one of the most behaviorally polygynous species, the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). we sampled a total of 158 female-pup pairs and 99 territorial males across t ... | 2012 | 22432039 |
| serum profiling by maldi-tof mass spectrometry as a diagnostic tool for domoic acid toxicosis in california sea lions. | there are currently no reliable markers of acute domoic acid toxicosis (dat) for california sea lions. we investigated whether patterns of serum peptides could diagnose acute dat. serum peptides were analyzed by maldi-tof mass spectrometry from 107 sea lions (acute dat n = 34; non-dat n = 73). artificial neural networks (ann) were trained using maldi-tof data. individual peaks and neural networks were qualified using an independent test set (n = 20). | 2012 | 22429742 |
| major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. | mammalian sweet taste is primarily mediated by the type 1 taste receptor tas1r2/tas1r3, whereas tas1r1/tas1r3 act as the principal umami taste receptor. bitter taste is mediated by a different group of g protein-coupled receptors, the tas2rs, numbering 3 to ∼66, depending on the species. we showed previously that the behavioral indifference of cats toward sweet-tasting compounds can be explained by the pseudogenization of the tas1r2 gene, which encodes the tas1r2 receptor. to examine the general ... | 2012 | 22411809 |
| from inns and coffee houses to red lion square. | | 2012 | 22408102 |
| differential biomagnification of pcb, pbde, hg and radiocesium in the food web of the european hake from the nw mediterranean. | consumption of marine organisms represents one of the main exposure sources of contaminants for human populations. to obtain a global view of the contamination in commercial fish in the nw mediterranean sea, we analysed four types of priority contaminants (pcbs, pbdes, hg and (137)cs) in the european hake, merluccius merluccius, from the gulf of lions in relation with organism's trophic level (δ(15)n). all contaminants presented a significant increase in concentration in hake muscle with trophic ... | 2012 | 22404970 |
| investigation of scents on cheeks and foreheads of large felines in connection to the facial marking behavior. | we investigated head- and cheek-rubbing behavior in four species of large felines, lions (leo panther), leopards (panthera pardus), tigers (panthera tigris), and cougars (puma concolor), in captivity. preliminary behavioral observations found that lions and tigers, but not leopards and cougars, showed behavioral responses to cardboard rubbing samples from head and cheek areas from conspecific felines, compared to the blank cardboard controls. in this context, surface samples on the facial areas ... | 2012 | 22354638 |
| nd: yag laser treatment for sub-hyaloid hemorrhage in childhood acute leukemia. | sub-hyaloid haemorrhage is common in acute leukemia. | 2012 | 22344006 |
| toxicokinetics of domoic acid in the fetal rat. | domoic acid (da) is a potent neurotoxin that has both marine wildlife and human health impacts, including developmental effects during prenatal exposure in rodent models. however, little is known regarding da toxicokinetics in the fetal unit during maternal-fetal transfer. tissue distribution and toxicokinetics of da were investigated in pregnant rats and their pups just prior to birth at gestational day 20. pregnant sprague dawley rats were given an intravenous dose of 1.0 mg da/kg and samples ... | 2012 | 22306965 |
| [the history of a medal (part 2)]. | an eagle, the svastika, asclepios and his staff, the serpent, a lion and the caduceus appear on a medal. the history and signification of those medical symbols are explained. | 2012 | 22279858 |
| controlled exposure study of dolphins and sea lions to midfrequency sonarlike signals. | | 2012 | 22278496 |
| the significance of african lions for the financial viability of trophy hunting and the maintenance of wild land. | recent studies indicate that trophy hunting is impacting negatively on some lion populations, notably in tanzania. in 2004 there was a proposal to list lions on cites appendix i and in 2011 animal-welfare groups petitioned the united states government to list lions as endangered under their endangered species act. such listings would likely curtail the trophy hunting of lions by limiting the import of lion trophies. concurrent efforts are underway to encourage the european union to ban lion trop ... | 2012 | 22247772 |
| rensch's rule in large herbivorous mammals derived from metabolic scaling. | rensch's rule, which states that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism tends to increase with increasing body size, has evolved independently in three lineages of large herbivorous mammals: bovids (antelopes), cervids (deer), and macropodids (kangaroos). this pattern can be explained by a model that combines allometry, life-history theory, and energetics. the key features are that female group size increases with increasing body size and that males have evolved under sexual selection to grow l ... | 2012 | 22218307 |
| lions and tigers and bears, oh my! three barriers to progress in computer-aided molecular design. | the computational chemistry and cheminformatics community faces many challenges to advancing the state of the art. we discuss three of those challenges here: accurately estimating the contribution of entropy to ligand binding; reliably estimating the uncertainties in model predictions for new molecules; and being able to effectively curate the ever-expanding literature and commercial databases needed to build new models. | 2012 | 22160503 |
| modification of plusoptix referral criteria to enhance sensitivity and specificity during pediatric vision screening. | to determine the impact of using several different proposed sets of referral criteria on the specificity and sensitivity of the plusoptix s08 photoscreener for detecting amblyopia risk factors. | 2011 | 22153399 |
| use of the lion procedure on the sensitive branches of the lumbar plexus for the treatment of intractable postherniorrhaphy neuropathic inguinodynia. | to report on the use of the laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis (lion) procedure on the sensitive branches of the lumbar plexus for the treatment of refractory postherniorrhaphy neuropathic inguinodynia. | 2013 | 22131009 |
| four responsibilities of the tuberculosis nurse, circa 1919. | specialization in public health nursing practice was beginning to occur early in the 20th century. in a 1919 paper published in the public health nurse, mary van zile argued that there were four essential functions of the tuberculosis nurse. later that year, janet scott reported on the results of a partnership between the tuberculosis dispensary, the lions club, and other oklahoma city community organizations, which illustrated the application of van zile's principles, and the expanding scope of ... | 2011 | 22092432 |
| adapted to roar: functional morphology of tiger and lion vocal folds. | vocal production requires active control of the respiratory system, larynx and vocal tract. vocal sounds in mammals are produced by flow-induced vocal fold oscillation, which requires vocal fold tissue that can sustain the mechanical stress during phonation. our understanding of the relationship between morphology and vocal function of vocal folds is very limited. here we tested the hypothesis that vocal fold morphology and viscoelastic properties allow a prediction of fundamental frequency rang ... | 2011 | 22073246 |
| using ketamine to model semantic deficits in schizophrenia. | semantic deficits constitute a core cognitive abnormality in schizophrenia. in the current study, the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine was administered to healthy individuals acutely while they performed semantic processing tasks that included word pairs of differing degrees of semantic relatedness. two dimensions of semantic processing were investigated: (1) explicit versus implicit processing, that is, unconscious versus conscious processing of semantic relationships and (2) d ... | 2011 | 22020346 |
| evidence of injury caused by gas bubbles in a live marine mammal: barotrauma in a california sea lion zalophus californianus. | a yearling male california sea lion zalophus californianus with hypermetric ataxia and bilateral negative menace reflexes was brought to the marine mammal center, sausalito, california, u.s.a., in late 2009 for medical assessment and treatment. the clinical signs were due to multiple gas bubbles within the cerebellum. these lesions were intraparenchymal, multifocal to coalescing, spherical to ovoid, and varied from 0.5 to 2.4 cm diameter. the gas composed 21.3% of the total cerebellum volume. th ... | 2011 | 22013748 |
| reengineering health care via medical simulation tools: "lions and tigers and bears. oh my!". | | 2011 | 21972377 |
| flow sensing by pinniped whiskers. | beside their haptic function, vibrissae of harbour seals (phocidae) and california sea lions (otariidae) both represent highly sensitive hydrodynamic receptor systems, although their vibrissal hair shafts differ considerably in structure. to quantify the sensory performance of both hair types, isolated single whiskers were used to measure vortex shedding frequencies produced in the wake of a cylinder immersed in a rotational flow tank. these measurements revealed that both whisker types were abl ... | 2011 | 21969689 |
| bilateral total descemet's membrane detachments after strangulation. | the eyes of a 25-year-old male were collected by the utah lions eye bank after his suicide by hanging. following dissection of the corneoscleral buttons from intact globes, bilateral detached descemet's membranes with subsequent scrolling in the periphery were observed. we believe these findings were caused by a large increase in intraocular pressure secondary to the hanging. lens and anterior capsule fractures after hanging have been reported, but corneal damage has never been discussed. we inv ... | 2011 | 21966190 |
| sonographic measurement of normal prostate volume and pattern of change with age among male adult ethiopia patients at black lion specialized hospital. | the prostate, the major accessory sex organ in male, its functions are under the control of local and systemic hormones. it causes major source of trouble as the age gets over 40 years. | 2011 | 23409401 |
| modulation in the feeding prey capture of the ant-lion, myrmeleon crudelis. | ant-lions are pit-building larvae (neuroptera: myrmeleontidae), which possess relatively large mandibles used for catching and consuming prey. few studies involving terrestrial arthropod larva have investigated prey capture behavior and kinematics and no study has shown modulation of strike kinematics. we examined feeding kinematics of the ant-lion, myrmeleon crudelis, using high-speed video to investigate whether larvae modulate strike behavior based on prey location relative to the mandible. b ... | 2011 | 21953805 |
| do lions panthera leo actively select prey or do prey preferences simply reflect chance responses via evolutionary adaptations to optimal foraging? | research on coursing predators has revealed that actions throughout the predatory behavioral sequence (using encounter rate, hunting rate, and kill rate as proxy measures of decisions) drive observed prey preferences. we tested whether similar actions drive the observed prey preferences of a stalking predator, the african lion panthera leo. we conducted two 96 hour, continuous follows of lions in addo elephant national park seasonally from december 2003 until november 2005 (16 follows), and comp ... | 2011 | 21915261 |
| dolphin and sea lion auditory evoked potentials in response to single and multiple swept amplitude tones. | measurement of the auditory steady-state response (assr) is increasingly used to assess marine mammal hearing. these tests normally entail measuring the assr to a sequence of sinusoidally amplitude modulated tones, so that the assr amplitude function can be defined and the auditory threshold estimated. in this study, an alternative method was employed, where the assr was elicited by an amplitude modulated stimulus whose sound pressure level was slowly varied, or "swept," over a range of levels b ... | 2011 | 21877816 |
| latitudinal range influences the seasonal variation in the foraging behavior of marine top predators. | non-migratory resident species should be capable of modifying their foraging behavior to accommodate changes in prey abundance and availability associated with a changing environment. populations that are better adapted to change will have higher foraging success and greater potential for survival in the face of climate change. we studied two species of resident central place foragers from temperate and equatorial regions with differing population trends and prey availability associated to seaso ... | 2011 | 21853081 |
| acquisition of generic noun phrases in chinese: learning about lions without an '-s'. | english-speaking children understand and produce generic expressions in the preschool years, but there are cross-linguistic differences in how generics are expressed. three studies examined interpretation of generic noun phrases in three- to seven-year-old child (n=192) and adult speakers (n=163) of mandarin chinese. contrary to suggestions by bloom (1981), chinese-speaking adults honor a clear distinction between generics (expressed as bare nps) and other quantified expressions ('all'/suo3you3 ... | 2012 | 21849102 |
| boosting enrolment in clinical trials: validation of a regional network model. | clinical trials of stroke therapy have been hampered by slow rates of enrolment. | 2011 | 21824978 |
| ddt strikes back: galapagos sea lions face increasing health risks. | | 2011 | 21809785 |
| animal analogies in first impressions of faces. | analogies between humans and animals based on facial resemblance have a long history. we report evidence for reverse anthropomorphism and the extension of facial stereotypes to lions, foxes, and dogs. in the stereotype extension, more positive traits were attributed to animals judged more attractive than con-specifics; more childlike traits were attributed to those judged more babyfaced. in the reverse anthropomorphism, human faces with more resemblance to lions, ascertained by connectionist mod ... | 2011 | 25339791 |
| involuntary facial expression processing: extracting information from two simultaneously presented faces. | facial expressions play an important role in successful social interactions, with previous research suggesting that facial expressions may be processed involuntarily. in the current study, we investigate whether involuntary processing of facial expressions would also occur when facial expression distractors are simultaneously presented in the same spatial location as facial expression targets. targets and distractors from another stimulus class (lions) were also used. results indicated that angr ... | 2011 | 21799813 |
| a comparison of the home range sizes of mainland and island populations of black-faced lion tamarins (leontopithecus caissara) using different spatial analysis. | the critically endangered black-faced lion tamarin, leontopithecus caissara, has a restricted geographical distribution consisting of small mainland and island populations, each with distinct habitats in coastal southeastern brazil. necessary conservation management actions require an assessment of whether differences in habitats are reflected in use of space by the species. we studied two tamarin groups on the mainland at são paulo state between august 2005 and march 2007, and compared the resu ... | 2011 | 21769907 |
| understanding patch departure rules for large carnivores: lion movements support a patch-disturbance hypothesis. | we test two hypotheses that could account for patch departure by large mammalian carnivores. one hypothesis is the unsuccessful-hunt hypothesis, where carnivores leave an area after an unsuccessful hunt but continue hunting in the same area after a successful hunt. the second hypothesis is the patch-disturbance hypothesis, where carnivores depart the area after a successful hunt because of behavioral responses of prey to predator presence. we used global positioning system collars to monitor the ... | 2011 | 21750389 |
| the role of lexical-semantic neighborhood in object naming: implications for models of lexical access. | the role of lexical-semantic neighborhood is relevant to models of lexical access. recently it has been claimed that the size of the cohort of activated competitors affects ease of lexical selection in word production as well as the effect of semantically related distractors in picture-word interference tasks. three experiments are reported in which subjects had to name pictures from large and small semantic categories (cf. "lion," "hammer" versus "funnel," "cage"). in experiment 1, naming-impai ... | 2011 | 21713062 |
| lion king or aslan: a tale from narnia! | in the chronicles of narnia series by c.s. lewis, aslan the all-powerful but benevolent lion does not need to have his tail twisted; rather, he twists tails to create convergence and harmony in his dream world. in this issue's lead article, "twisting the lion's tail: collaborative health policy making in british columbia," the authors discuss the problems regarding better coordination of health services research, knowledge translation and policy making. the roles of academia, health authorities ... | 2011 | 21677516 |
| ultrasonographic and laparoscopic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the captive female african lion (panthera leo). | the use of transabdominal ultrasonography to assess the oestrous cycle has not been previously described in the african lion (panthera leo). twelve sexually mature lionesses and five female cubs had their reproductive organs assessed by transabdominal ultrasound. ovarian findings were compared to laparoscopic findings while performing laparoscopic ovariectomy or salpingectomy. vaginal cytology was performed and serum progesterone levels were determined. by combining all data the oestrous cycle s ... | 2011 | 21664673 |
| antemortem diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect in a california sea lion zalophus californianus. | a yearling california sea lion zalophus californianus stranded in poor body condition, and on physical examination a heart murmur was audible bilaterally. the sea lion was diagnosed with a left-to-right shunting membranous ventricular septal defect (vsd) using b-mode, color-flow doppler and continuous-wave doppler echocardiography. a left-to-right intracardiac shunting lesion was confirmed during cardiac angiographic computed tomography. the vsd defect was verified during the necropsy examinatio ... | 2011 | 21553571 |
| outcomes of high volume cataract surgeries at a lions sight first eye hospital in kenya. | high volume cataract surgery is practised in many eye centres. | 2011 | 21505544 |
| california sea lion (zalophus californianus) aerial hearing sensitivity measured using auditory steady-state response and psychophysical methods. | although electrophysiological methods of measuring the hearing sensitivity of pinnipeds are not yet as refined as those for dolphins and porpoises, they appear to be a promising supplement to traditional psychophysical procedures. in order to further standardize electrophysiological methods with pinnipeds, a within-subject comparison of psychophysical and auditory steady-state response (assr) measures of aerial hearing sensitivity was conducted with a 1.5-yr-old california sea lion. the psychoph ... | 2011 | 21476685 |
| plasma-assisted deposition of metal fluoride coatings and modeling the extinction coefficient of as-deposited single layers. | we realized metal fluoride coatings with a high packing density and a low extinction coefficient by plasma (ion)-assisted deposition. the densification can be performed by different types of plasma sources, e.g., by a leybold lion source and a leybold apspro, respectively. but the as-deposited coatings show a characteristic absorption behavior, whereas the absorption losses can be reduced in a postdeposition uv treatment step. we show experimental results of the plasma-assisted metal fluorides b ... | 2011 | 21460944 |
| entrance surface dose measurement in pediatric patients undergoing common diagnostic x-ray examinations in black lion and yekatit 12 hospital addis ababa, ethiopia. | early childhood exposure carries an enhanced radiation risk and estimated that the probability of induction of cancer especially leukemia is about two to three times as high as in adults. hence, dose measurement is mandatory for optimization in radiation protection to comply with international reference levels. | 2011 | 21456472 |
| rapid behavioural diagnosis of domoic acid toxicosis in california sea lions. | domoic acid is a neurotoxic metabolite of widely occurring algal blooms that has caused multiple marine animal stranding events. exposure to high doses of domoic acid, a glutamate agonist, may lead to persistent medial temporal seizures and damage to the hippocampus. california sea lions (zalophus californianus) are among the most visible and frequent mammalian victims of domoic acid poisoning, but rapid, reliable diagnosis in a clinical setting has proved difficult owing to the fast clearance o ... | 2011 | 21389016 |
| new educational modules offer tough case studies around humanistic issues. | a new set of teaching modules taken from the emmy award-winning documentary about children with cancer, a lion in the house, raises tough questions around humanistic aspects of medical education and seeks to improve the quality of teaching and learning to enhance patient care. | 2011 | 21359863 |
| rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the japanese beetle. | the japanese beetle (jb), popillia japonica, exhibits rapid paralysis after consuming flower petals of zonal geranium, pelargonium x hortorum. activity-guided fractionations were conducted with polar flower petal extracts from p. x hortorum cv. nittany lion red, which led to the isolation of a paralysis-inducing compound. high-resolution-ms and nmr ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, heteronuclear sequential quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) analysis identified the paralytic compound ... | 2011 | 21205899 |
| caesarean of lion (panthera leo) at dulahajra safari park, bangladesh. | a six years eight months pregnant lioness at the dulahajara safari park, chakoria, cox's bazar, bangladesh, was presented with dystocia. this paper described the pre-, intra- and postoperative procedures including anesthetic protocol carried out and performing a caesarean section to remove dead fetuses and the successful recovery of the lioness without complications. | 2011 | 26623273 |
| off-axis nonmydriatic photography to evaluate the posterior pole through small pupils. | the purpose of this study was to improve the clarity of retinal images photographed through small pupils. | 2011 | 25389683 |
| comparison of visual acuity outcomes between ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. | to compare visual acuity (va) outcomes between intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (amd). | 2011 | 22553617 |
| hydrodynamics at the smallest scales: a solvability criterion for navier-stokes equations in high dimensions. | strong global solvability is difficult to prove for high-dimensional hydrodynamic systems because of the complex interplay between nonlinearity and scale invariance. we define the ladyzhenskaya-lions exponent α(l)(n)=(2+n)/4 for navier-stokes equations with dissipation -(-δ)(α) in r(n), for all n≥2. we review the proof of strong global solvability when α≥α(l)(n), given smooth initial data. if the corresponding euler equations for n>2 were to allow uncontrolled growth of the enstrophy (1/2)∥∇u∥(l ... | 2011 | 21149377 |
| magnetic resonance imaging quality and volumes of brain structures from live and postmortem imaging of california sea lions with clinical signs of domoic acid toxicosis. | our goal in this study was to compare magnetic resonance images and volumes of brain structures obtained alive versus postmortem of california sea lions zalophus californianus exhibiting clinical signs of domoic acid (da) toxicosis and those exhibiting normal behavior. proton density-(pd) and t2-weighted images of postmortem-intact brains, up to 48 h after death, provided similar quality to images acquired from live sea lions. volumes of gray matter (gm) and white matter (wm) of the cerebral hem ... | 2010 | 21133324 |
| acoustic characteristics of ultrasonic coded transmitters for fishery applications: could marine mammals hear them? | ultrasonic coded transmitters (ucts) producing frequencies of 69-83 khz are used increasingly to track fish and invertebrates in coastal and estuarine waters. to address concerns that they might be audible to marine mammals, acoustic properties of ucts were measured off mission beach, san diego, and at the u.s. navy transdec facility. a regression model fitted to vemco uct data yielded an estimated source level of 147 db re 1 μpa spl @ 1 m and spreading constant of 14.0. based on transdec measur ... | 2010 | 21110617 |
| first evidence for adoption in california sea lions. | demographic parameters such as birth and death rates determine the persistence of populations. understanding the mechanisms that influence these rates is essential to developing effective management strategies. alloparental behavior, or the care of non-filial young, has been documented in many species and has been shown to influence offspring survival. however, the role of alloparental behavior in maintaining population viability has not been previously studied. here, we provide the first eviden ... | 2010 | 21079727 |
| illness as a source of variation of laterality in lions (panthera leo). | brain asymmetry--i.e. the specialisation of each cerebral hemisphere for sensorimotor processing mechanisms and for specific cognitive functions-is widely distributed among vertebrates. several factors, such as embryological manipulations, sex, age, and breeds, can influence the maintenance, strength, and direction of laterality within a certain vertebrate species. brain lateralisation is a universal phenomenon characterising not only cerebral control of cognitive or emotion-related functions bu ... | 2011 | 21049318 |
| beneficial laggards: multilevel selection, cooperative polymorphism and division of labour in threshold public good games. | the origin and stability of cooperation is a hot topic in social and behavioural sciences. a complicated conundrum exists as defectors have an advantage over cooperators, whenever cooperation is costly so consequently, not cooperating pays off. in addition, the discovery that humans and some animal populations, such as lions, are polymorphic, where cooperators and defectors stably live together--while defectors are not being punished--, is even more puzzling. here we offer a novel explanation ba ... | 2010 | 21044340 |
| hydrodynamic trail following in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | the mystacial vibrissae of pinnipeds constitute a sensory system for active touch and detection of hydrodynamic events. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and california sea lions (zalophus californianus) can both detect hydrodynamic stimuli caused by a small sphere vibrating in the water (hydrodynamic dipole stimuli). hydrodynamic trail following has only been shown in harbour seals. hydrodynamical and biomechanical studies of single vibrissae of the two species showed that the specialized undulate ... | 2011 | 20959994 |
| anatomy of the california sea lion globe. | this study analyzed the morphology of the california sea lion globe to determine what features may contribute to their characteristic visual abilities. | 2010 | 20840092 |
| malignant pleural mesothelioma in a female lion (panthera leo). | an 18-year-old female lion (panthera leo) was referred to the department of animal pathology of the university of turin (italy). at necropsy, multiple nodular, 4-20-mm, confluent white firm nodules were scattered throughout the pleural surfaces of the thoracic wall and of the lungs. histological lesions were represented by proliferations of papillary structures lined by cuboidal basophilic mesothelial cells with large, oval nuclei and abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. immunohistochemistr ... | 2011 | 20846704 |
| cranial malformations in related white lions (panthera leo krugeri). | white lions (panthera leo krugeri) have never been common in the wild, and at present, the greatest population is kept in zoos where they are bred for biological and biodiversity conservation. during the years 2003 to 2008 in a zoological garden in northern italy, 19 white lions were born to the same parents, who were in turn paternally consanguineous. out of the 19 lions, 4 (21%) were stillborn, 13 (69%) died within 1 month, and 1 (5%) was euthanatized after 6 months because of difficulty with ... | 2010 | 20826844 |
| the cost of male aggression and polygyny in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | in polygynous mating systems, males often increase their fecundity via aggressive defense of mates and/or resources necessary for successful mating. here we show that both male and female reproductive behavior during the breeding season (june-august) affect female fecundity, a vital rate that is an important determinant of population growth rate and viability. by using 4 years of data on behavior and demography of california sea lions (zalophus californianus), we found that male behavior and spa ... | 2010 | 20808931 |
| undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | a tumour located in the pectoral region and the left front flipper was observed in a 29-year-old female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) that died following signs of respiratory disease and inappetence. metastases were present in the lung and adrenal gland. the histological pattern of the tumour was variable. in some areas the tumour consisted of pleomorphic fibroblast-like cells arranged in a storiform pattern, while in other areas it comprised oval or polygonal cells with round to ... | 2011 | 20708196 |
| nine-year results of a volunteer lay network photoscreening program of 147 809 children using a photoscreener in iowa. | to present the largest cohort of preschool children screened by the mti photoscreener over a 9-year period from a single, statewide vision screening effort. | 2010 | 20656350 |
| lions. | | 2010 | 20656196 |
| harbor seal vibrissa morphology suppresses vortex-induced vibrations. | harbor seals (phoca vitulina) often live in dark and turbid waters, where their mystacial vibrissae, or whiskers, play an important role in orientation. besides detecting and discriminating objects by direct touch, harbor seals use their whiskers to analyze water movements, for example those generated by prey fish or by conspecifics. even the weak water movements left behind by objects that have passed by earlier can be sensed and followed accurately (hydrodynamic trail following). while scannin ... | 2010 | 20639428 |
| fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in a lion (panthera leo). | a 6-yr-old, captive-born male lion (panthera leo) with a 3-day history of acute and nonprogressive spastic paraplegia of the hind limbs and flaccid paraplegia of the left forelimb, was submitted for postmortem examination. before and after the onset of the neurologic signs, neither hematologic nor other significant clinical abnormalities were observed. the only remarkable gross lesion was restricted to the c6-c7 segments of the spinal cord, where a focal and asymmetric enlargement of the cord di ... | 2010 | 20597229 |
| the role of the injection botulinum toxin a in cases of blepharospasm syndrome, hemifacial spasm and meige's syndrome. | benign essential blepharospasm symdrome is a neuropathologic disorder. the cause of blepharospasm is multifactorial. it is unlikely that a single defect in this elusive control centre is the primary cause of this disease. | 2012 | 22610735 |
| comparison of in situ excision and whole-globe recovery of corneal tissue in a large, single eye bank series. | to compare the quality of corneal tissue after 2 different procurement techniques, whole-globe enucleation and in situ excision. | 2010 | 20570238 |