| the epizootiology of infectious bursal disease and prevention of it by immunization. | transport of leftover feed from infectious disease (ibd) farms to susceptible flocks on clean premises is believed to have played an important role in the transmission of this disease to new farms and to new areas. servicemen, caretakers, contaminated equipment and air were suspected in the spread of the disease, but these modes were not demonstrated. litter, drinking water and samples of feed from feeders of ibd flocks were found to be infectious when added to rations of susceptible chickens b ... | 1976 | 182593 |
| vaccination against avian encephalomyelitis with special reference to the spray method. | three vaccination methods against avian encephalomyelitis have been tested in different types of housing. the product used was a vaccine improved by philips-duphar, having an optimal disseminative and immunogenic capacity, and a high virus titer per bird dose. we have tested: 1) administration per os in 2-5% of the flock, 2) administration via drinking water in the whole flock and 3) spray vaccination. observations by schneider (1967), that administration in the beak in part of the animals may ... | 1976 | 182595 |
| application of the turkey herpesvirus vaccine by the aerogenic route for the prevention of marek's disease. | recently in laboratory and field trials, birds were vaccinated with cell-free hvt vaccine by aerosol spray. in laboratory trials, birds vaccinated by aerosol spray were as well protected against challenge with virulent md (ga isolate) as those vaccinated by subcutaneous inoculation. birds were vaccinated with a sprayer (spraying systems company, wheaton, illinois) which emits a particle size in which 90% are less than microns. the chicks were sprayed with 1,000 to 10,000 pfu per bird dose and r ... | 1976 | 182596 |
| interactions of glucagon and related peptides with chicken adipose tissue. | the effect of glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), secretin and gut glucagon on the cyclic adenosine 3'5' monophosphate (camp) level, and on the specific binding of these 125i-peptides to the adipocyte plasma membrane was measured in chicken adipocytes and compared to the results obtained in rat adipocytes. the displacement of 125i-glucagon from its specific sites was observed with about the same concentration of unlabeled hormone in fat cell plasma membranes of both species. howev ... | 1976 | 182629 |
| studies in vivo on the effects of parathyroid hormone upon kidney cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content using rapid tissue fixation by microwave irradiation. | microwave irradiation is shown to be a useful method for simultaneously killing chicks and fixing tissues. renal adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities were rapidly abolished by microwaving. the increase in chick kidney cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp) content produced by intravenous bovine parathyroid hormone (pth) injection was much greater in microwaved birds than in those killed by cervical dislocation with subsequent tissue fixation in liquid nitrogen. after pth ... | 1976 | 182635 |
| pathogenesis of marek's disease. | | 1976 | 182652 |
| pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme. interspecies homology and inhibition by heterologous antibody in vivo. | goat antibody against pure rabbit pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme was used to probe homology of converting enzymes from other species. immunologically cross-reactive material was found in detergent-solubilized extracts of lung particles from rat, guinea pig, and dog by double immunodiffusion, radioimmunoassay, and inhibition of enzyme activity. no homology was demonstrable with bovine, frog, or chicken lung extracts. antibodies from different individual goats yielded comparable estimates ... | 1976 | 182680 |
| progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. in vitro effects of purified hormone-receptor complexes on the initiation of rna synthesis in chromatin. | we have investigated the manner by which progesterone receptors act to induce initiation of rna synthesis in a cell-free system derived from chick oviduct. a method utilizing rifampicin enabled us to measure the formation of binary initiation complexes between rna polymerase and chick oviduct chromatin (tsai, m.-j., schwartz, r.j., tsai s.y., and o'malley, b.w. (1975) j.biol. chem. 250, 5165-5174) and allowed for the quantitative assessment of rna chain initiation sites, rna chain propagation ra ... | 1976 | 182691 |
| progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. in vitro effect of receptor subunits on gene transcription. | we have studied chick oviduct progesterone receptor subunits and their effect on rna transcription in oviduct chromatin. initiation of rna chain synthesis was measured by the rifampicin-challenge assay. progesterone receptor subunits a and b were purified 200-fold by sequential chromatography on phosphocellulose, deae-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite. the subunits could be recombined to form the 6s receptor a-b dimer initially present in chick oviduct homogenates. the intact 6 s receptor dimer pre ... | 1976 | 182692 |
| synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in the cockerel. effects of estrogen. | the effect of estrogen on the synthesis of plasma very low density lipoproteins (vldl) in the cockerel was studied both in vivo and in vitro. synthesis was studied by immunoprecipitation techniques with antisera prepared against vldl and a major vldl protein. vldl were isolated from the plasma of white leghorn hens and estrogen-treated white leghorn cockerels by ultracentrifugal flotation at d 1.006 g/ml. after delipidation, the lipid-free proteins (apoproteins) were fractionated on sephadex g-1 ... | 1976 | 182719 |
| effect of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate on human platelet function. | the relation of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) to platelet function was studied by investigating the influence of this compound and its n2,o2'-dibutyryl derivative (dbcgmp) on platelet aggregation and the release reaction. both cgmp and dibutyryl cgmp enhanced to an equal extent platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or by chick skin collagen alpha1 chain. the platelet release reaction, as measured by the release of [14c]-labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) was also enhance ... | 1976 | 182889 |
| chicken egg yolk enhances focus formation by subgroup b, c and d rous sarcoma viruses. | focus formation by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) was significantly enhanced when virus was incubated with the saline fraction of chloroform extracted chicken egg yolk, prior to infecting chicken embryo cells. the enhancement was restricted to members of rsv subgroups b, c and d and was proportional to yolk dilution. subgroup a virus was never affected. in all, 108 yolk samples from specific pathogen free chickens were investigated. of these 78 to 97% stimulated focus formation. rsv(rav-50) of subgrou ... | 1976 | 182909 |
| cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. i. occurrence of "nakanuke" in chicken inoculated with the cells showed coexistence or c-type virus and turkey herpesvirus. | | 1975 | 183038 |
| cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. ii. isolation of c-type virus from material infected with turkey herpesvirus. | | 1975 | 183039 |
| reduction of quantum contents of synaptic potentials after postsynaptic axotomy. | | 1976 | 183136 |
| immunodiffusion analysis of the antigenic structure of the transplantable mc 29 tumor. | by the use of specific anti-chicken liver sera it could be proved with immunodiffusion techniques that the transplantable mc 29 tumor line contains liver-specific antigens. production of chicken serum-proteins by the tumor could also be demonstrated. thus, the transplantable mc 29 tumor line can be regarded as a hepatoma. | 1976 | 183156 |
| [the influence of infectious bronchitis virus on egg production, fertility, hatchability and mortality rate in chickens (author's transl)]. | in 35 flocks comprising almost 100,000 white plymouth rock birds producing hatching eggs, infectious bronchitis (ib) caused a decline in production which appeared to be connected with the age of the birds, when the outbreak started (table i). in outbreaks of ib in pullets 3-4 weeks before they are ready to lay there is a considerable risk of delay of production and a generally too low yield (fig 1). egg laying birds, 25-34 weeks of age, suffered a drop in production from 20-80% (on an average 40 ... | 1976 | 183182 |
| distribution of estrogen receptors in subfractions of hen oviduct chromatin. | hen oviduct chromatin was digested with dnase ii and separated into two fractions. the mgcl2 insoluble chromatin fraction (43% of the total dna) was enriched in nucleosome-like particles, which sedimented at 11 s and contained 185 base pairs of dna. the mgcl2 soluble chromatin fraction (5% of the total dna) was characterized by 5 s and 14 s peaks in sucrose gradients; estrogen receptors in the chromatin fractions were labelled with [3h] estradiol using the steroid exchange assay. the concentrati ... | 1976 | 183184 |
| calcium-dependent regulatory protein of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in normal and transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the concentration of a calcium-binding protein modulator of 3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (ec 3.1.4.17; 3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase) activity is increased in chicken embryo fibroblasts upon transformation by rous sarcoma virus. this modulator protein from fibroblasts, which has roughly the same molecular size, charge, and functional properties as that isolated from chicken brain, comprises approximately 1.32% of the soluble protein in homogenates of fibroblasts inf ... | 1976 | 183206 |
| progesterone binding to hen oviduct genome: specific versus nonspecific binding. | data are presented to explain discrepancies in the literature involving the in vitro binding of steroid receptor complexes to isolated nuclei and chromatin. the type of binding in vitro of the progesterone-receptor complex to nuclei, chromatin, or dna of hen organs is largely determined by the ionic strength of the medium. low ionic conditions (0.01 to 0.05 molar potassium chloride) result in a nonspecific, nonsaturable binding, while high ionic conditions (0.15 to 0.20 molar potassium chloride) ... | 1976 | 183267 |
| relation of animal herpes to man. | | 1976 | 183326 |
| letter: atypical fowl pox in chickens. | | 1976 | 183338 |
| [differentiation of antibodies against turkey herpesvirus and 2 serotypes of marek's disease virus in the sera of farm chickens]. | | 1976 | 183416 |
| dynamics of nucleic acids and total proteins in the thymus and the bursa of fabricius of chickens with rous sarcoma. | | 1976 | 183424 |
| iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases: structure, distribution, and evolutionary relationships. | | 1976 | 183482 |
| metabolism and mechanism of action of vitamin d. | | 1976 | 183601 |
| role of the bursa of fabricius in the pathogenicity of inclusion body hepatitis and infectious bursal disease viruses. | chickens were chemically bursectomized with cyclophosphamide at 3 days old, and studies made of the effects of infection by inclusion body hepatitis virus (ibhv) and infectious bursal disease virus. in another experiment, 3-week-old chickens were infected with infectious bursal disease virus before inoculation with ibhv. interference with the bursa of fabricius by cyclophosphamide or by infectious bursal disease virus enhanced the pathogenicity of ibhv. in contrast, cyclophosphamide effects on t ... | 1976 | 183647 |
| electron-microscope studies on the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease after intrabursal application of the causal virus. | intrabursal application of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is of advantage in studying sequential morphological events since the time of infection of the bursa is exactly known. a highly pathogenic strain caused first clinical symptoms 12 hr postinfection (pi) and death 24-30 hr pi. these are respectively 12 and 18 hr earlier than after per-oral infection. numerous virus particles 53-58 nm in size, arrayed in a crystalline pattern and not surrounded by a membrane, are first found 6 hr pi ... | 1976 | 183649 |
| marek's disease vaccine breaks: differences in viremia of vaccinated chickens between those with and without marek's disease. | viremia with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and/or marek's disease (md) herpesvirus (mdhv) was examined in chickens from three different commercial flocks experiencing "vaccine breaks" following vaccination with hvt vaccine against md. in all groups of sample chickens from the flocks, the incidence of detectable hvt viremia was significantly less in the md-affected than in the healthy penmates, and incidence of md was significantly higher in the birds without detectable hvt viremia than in the viremic ... | 1976 | 183650 |
| effect of infectious bursal agent on the response of chickens to newcastle disease and marek's disease vaccination. | white leghorn chickens raised from one day old in an environment contaminated by the infectious bursal agent (iba) had lower geometric mean titers (gmt) as measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test to the newcastle disease virus (ndv), than control leghorns reared in an uncontaminated environment. immunosuppression, defined as a reduction in gmt, was most pronounced at 35-56 days old for leghorns vaccinated with ndv at 1 and 28 days or at 28 days. in a separate trial with broilers, i ... | 1976 | 183651 |
| isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from broiler chickens in chile. | an infectious-bronchitis-like virus was isolated from 6-week-old broiler chickens unvaccinated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the isolate produced lesions in embryonating chicken eggs (ece) and clinical signs in birds characteristic of ibv. serum-neutralization and agar-gel diffusion tests demonstrated the serological relationship of this isolate to ibv. | 1976 | 183652 |
| immunization of adult hens against infectious bursal disease virus. | | 1976 | 183653 |
| characterization of chicken leukosis-sarcoma virus proviral sequences detected in host cells by rna-dna hybridization. | | 1975 | 183659 |
| genetic control of endogenous avian tumor virus expression. | | 1975 | 183661 |
| marek's disease: epizootiology, control and relationship to oncornaviruses. | | 1975 | 183670 |
| interaction of marek's disease virus with host cell. | | 1975 | 183685 |
| marek's disease, lucke's frog carcinoma and other animal oncogenic herpesviruses. | | 1975 | 183697 |
| electrophoretic analysis of multiple forms of myosin in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of the chick. | 1. a method is described for the electrophoretic analysis of intact myosin in polyacrylamide gel in a buffer system containing 0.02 m-pyrophosphate and 10% (v/v) glycerol, ph 8.8. 2. in this system chicken skeletal-muscle myosins reveal five distinct electrophoretic components, three components from the fast-twitch posterior latissimus dorsi muscle and two slower-migrating components from the slow-twitch anterior latissimus dorsi muscle. 3. the ca2+-activated atpase (adenosine triphosphatase) ac ... | 1976 | 183747 |
| effects of calcium ions and the bivalent cation ionophore a23187 on the agglutination and fusion of chicken erythrocytes by sendai virus. | 1. ca2+ (0.4-16 mm) had no detectable action on the agglutination of hen erythrocytes by sendai virus. 2. pretreatment of the cells with ca2+ (0.1-8 mm) in the presence of the bivalent cation ionophore a23187 led, however, to a significant decrease in the subsequent agglutination of the cells by the virus. 3. it thus appears that the entry of ca2+ into the interior of these cells decreases cellular agglutination by sendai virus; possible interpretations of this phenomenon are discussed in terms ... | 1976 | 183754 |
| organ culture studies on the efficiency of infection of chicken tissues with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | long-term organ cultures of a range of tissues collected from specific pathogen-free chickens were employed to determine their susceptibility, and their capacity for subsequent virus production, following inoculation with avian infectious bronchitis (aib) virus. when inoculated with approximately 2-0 log10 median ciliostatic doses (cd50) of a classical highly egg-adapted vaccine strain (h120) of aib virus, 9 of 23 tissues were shown to be susceptible, namely the nasal turbinates, trachea, air sa ... | 1976 | 183805 |
| limitation of reticulocyte transfer rna in the translation of heterologous messenger rnas. | the effect of various trnas on protein synthesis was investigated using a trna-dependent cell-free system from ehrlich ascites cells. ascites cell trna and rabbit liver trna were found to promote efficient translation of globin mrna, oviduct mrna, and encephalomycarditis (emc) viral rna. in contrast, reticulocyte trna participated efficiently only in the translation of globin mrna; the translation of oviduct mrna and emc viral rna in the presence of reticulocyte trna resulted in the synthesis o ... | 1976 | 183813 |
| interactions between 125-i-labelled rna from rna tumor viruses and rna of other sources. | fragmented 125i-labelled rna from rna tumor viruses was hybridized to unlabelled rna from cells, viruses, and homoribopolymers. the viral rna interacted with all rna tested, except for certain homoribopolymers. complex formation with unlabelled rna was verified by nuclease resistance, buoyant density measurements, and thermal stability in solutions of different ionic strength. the rnaase-resistant complex involved 20-30% of the sequences in the 125i-labelled viral rna and formed preferentially w ... | 1976 | 183817 |
| membrane lipid acyl group alterations in cells infected with a temperature-conditional mutant of rous sarcoma virus. | the increased percentage of oleic acid and decreased percentage of arachidonic acid which occurs in the lipids of chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus was shown to be transformation specific rather than a consequence of virus infection. cells infected with a temperature conditional mutant of rous sarcoma virus (rsv-t5) had a normal type fatty acid composition when held at the restrictive temperature of 41 degrees c, but had a transformed type fatty acid composition when h ... | 1976 | 183825 |
| in vitro binding of radioiodinated human follicle-stimulating hormone to reptilian and avian gonads: radioligand studies with mammalian hormones. | | 1976 | 183841 |
| effects of ergosterol on bone mineralisation in chicks given cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol. | groups of chicks were given diets containing cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol supplemented with 0, 0-1, 1 or 10 g ergosterol/kg. 2. ergosterol had no significant effect on growth, on the plasma concentration of calcium or on the content of bone-ash, indicating that it did not impair the absorption of either form of vitamin d. 3. an explanation is given for the apparent disagreement in the published findings on the relative anti-rachitic potencies of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in the chi ... | 1976 | 183865 |
| enzymatic modification of bovine and ovine parathyrin receptor. | | 1976 | 183982 |
| in vitro studies on rickettsia-host cell interactions: lag phase in intracellular growth cycle as a function of stage of growth of infecting rickettsia prowazeki, with preliminary observations on inhibition of rickettsial uptake by host cell fragments. | two rickettsia prowazeki seeds, an "early" seed in the logarithmic or exponential growth phase and a "late" seed in the stationary or possibly early decline phase, were prepared in chicken embryo (ce) cell cultures and compared with respect to morphology and infection cycle in ce cells in culture. differences in size and ultrastructure of the organisms in the two seeds were similar to those seen in other gram-negative bacteria at comparable stages to growth. vacuolar structures, rare in log-phas ... | 1976 | 184046 |
| application of freeze-dried, one-day-old chick erythrocytes to viral hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. | erythrocytes collected from 1-day-old chicks were stabilized by fixation with formaldehyde and by freeze-drying after treatment with carbon monoxide. suspensions of freeze-dried erythrocytes in distilled water or physiological saline had a homogeneous bright reddish-purple color. freeze-dried erythrocytes were compared with fresh erythrocytes for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests for various viruses including rubella, japanese encephalitis, influenza, mumps, newcastle diseas ... | 1976 | 184109 |
| effect of an anti-lipoprotein lipase serum on plasma triglyceride removal. | anti-lipoprotein lipase sera injected intravenously in roosters blocked quantitatively the catabolism of very low density lipoprotein (vldl) triglyceride. antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with highly purified lipoprotein lipase (lpl, glycerol ester hydrolase, e c 3.1.1.3) prepared from chicken adipose tissue. following anti-lpl serum injection there was a linear increase in plasma triglyceride concentration. the rate of entry of triglyceride in plasma was estimated from the rate of ... | 1976 | 184224 |
| further studies in genetic resistance of fowl to rsv(rav o): evidence for interaction between independently segregating tumour virus b and tumour virus e genes. | the segregation of resistant and susceptible phenotypes in response to infection by rsv(rav 2), rsv(rav 50) and rsv(rav 0), of avian rna tumour virus subgroups b, d and e, respectively, was analysed in several test-crosses using chickens from the rprl line 7-2, hprs-synthetic line e and the reaseheath line c. the results were fully consistent with out view reported previously that the genes at the tve and tvb loci segregate independently and recombine under the mendelian second law of independen ... | 1976 | 184240 |
| regulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate concentration in chick cerebral hemispheres during development. | | 1976 | 184253 |
| physiological and morphological effects of post-ganglionic axotomy on presynaptic nerve terminals. | 1. electrophysiological and electron microscope studies were done on cells in the ciliary ganglion of chickens which had been axotomized on the day of hatching. 2. by the third day after post-ganglionic axotomy both electrical and chemical transmission through the ganglion were severely depressed; by the fifth day ganglionic transmission had disappeared. 3. action potential initiation and conduction in axotomized cells and in their associated presynaptic nerve terminals were unimpaired 3-4 days ... | 1976 | 184271 |
| reduction in acetylcholine sensitivity of axotomized ciliary ganglion cells. | 1. isolated cell clusters from ciliary ganglia of 3- to 4-day-old chickens were used to examine the electrical characteristics and sensitivity to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ach) of normal cells and cells that had been axotomized on the day of hatching. 2. resting potentials, input resistances and capacitances were the same in axotomized cells as in normal cells. these averaged about 70 mv, 165 momega and 35 pf respectively. 3. sensitivity to iontophoretically applied ach was lower ... | 1976 | 184272 |
| development of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary of the domestic fowl during sexual maturation. | | 1976 | 184278 |
| the effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on passive avoidance learning by chicks (gallus domesticus). | diethyldithiocarbamate (ddc), a competitive inhibitor of dopamine-b-hydroxylase, produced a dosage-related depletion of neural ne and impairment of passive avoidance learning in young chicks. retention was not impaired, however, as shown by normal relearning of the task a day later, when the drug was no longer active. perhaps, neural ne depletion impairs ability to inhibit responding and, thus, impairs passive or inhibitory avoidance learning indirectly. alternatively, ne depletion may slow down ... | 1976 | 184483 |
| atypical fowl pox in chickens. | | 1976 | 184580 |
| letter: atypical fowl pox in chickens. | | 1976 | 184581 |
| increased cerebral cyclic gmp concentration induced by muscarinic cholinergic agonists and prostaglandin f2alpha [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 184868 |
| polymorph-mediated antibody-dependent cytoxicity--modulation of activity by drugs and immune interferon. | bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (adcc) against erythrocyte and herpes virus-infected target cells. the extent of cytotoxicity was not affected by drugs that inhibited dna, rna, or protein synthesis. the effect did not occur in the absence of divalent cations, was suppressed by pretreatment of pmn with silica and cytochalasin b, and was subject to the bidirectional control by cyclic nucleotides; drugs decreasing cyclic amp or elevating cycli ... | 1976 | 184903 |
| virus-infected avian cell lines established in vitro. | four virus-infected avian cell lines have been established in culture. two of these lines, infected with bai strain a virus, liberate only small quantities of virus in the culture fluid. the cells retain the ability to induce myeloblastic leukemia when inoculated i.v. into 1- to 2-day-old chicks, but do so less efficiently than freshly obtained myeloblasts. these cells do not appear to be transplantable, since the disease produced is characterized by the presence of myeloblasts that liberate lar ... | 1976 | 184918 |
| cell surface changes observed in mc-29 virus-infected chicken-embryo fibroblast (cec) cultures. | by transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of mc-29 virus-infected cec cultures, c-type virus particles were detected in the medium of infected cultures, in infected cells and in intracellular vacuoles. virus budding was also observed. in the scanning electron microscope (sem) so-called blebs appeared on the surfaces of the infected cells, in a number proportional to the concentration of the virus preparation. on the basis of the size of the blebs, it could be considered that viru ... | 1976 | 185160 |
| 8-alkylaminoadenyl nucleotides as probes of dehydrogenase interactions with nucleotide analogs of different glycosyl conformation. | the nucleotides 8-amino-, 8-methylamino-, and 8-dimethylaminoadenylic acid have been synthesized and their preferred conformations about the glycosyl bond in qaueous solution have been determined by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. paramagnetic relaxation studies, nuclear overhauser enhancement measurements, chemical shifts, and coupling constant comparisons indicate that their is rotation about the glycosyl bond and that preference for either the anti or syn conformation depends on t ... | 1976 | 185219 |
| hypergammaglobulinemia in chickens congenitally infected with an avian leukosis virus. | significantly elevated (2- to 5-fold higher than controls) serum levels of igg were found in chickens congenitally infected with f42 strain of avian leukosis (alv-f42) a subgroup a avian leukosis virus (alv). a further increase in igg levels in congenitally infected birds was found to be induced by injection of influenza virus in complete freund's adjuvant(cfa). serum immunoglobulin m (igm) levels were not significantly elevated in alv congenitally infected chickens except in those animals that ... | 1976 | 185293 |
| infection of resistant avian cells by subgroup b rous sarcoma virus. | chicken fibroblasts derived from the h & n flock, which have been characterized as resistant to subgroup b avian oncornaviruses in focus assays, can be infected in suspension shortly after trypsinization by subgroup b sarcoma and leukosis viruses. once cells are plated, resistance to infection reappears rapidly. c/be cell suspensions obtained by treatment with edta instead of trypsin are not as sensitive to infection. late interference established by preinfection with subgroup b leukosis viruses ... | 1976 | 185423 |
| physiological responses to stress with reference to the domestic fowl. | environmental stress may effect the outcome of routine investigations as well as experimental procedures. this is illustrated by investigations in the domestic fowl. | 1976 | 185453 |
| susceptibility of chickens to avian encephalomyelitis virus. iv. behavior of the virus in laying hens. | some laying hens 6 months of age were inoculated subcutaneously or orally with a chick embryo--adapted strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus and examined for propagation of the virus in the body. when inoculated subcutaneously, the virus appeared in liver, spleen, ovarian follicle, and muscle at the site of inoculation 1 day, in kidney and lumbar part of the spinal cord 3 days, in the pancreas 5 days, in heart, duodenum, and cervical part of the spinal cord 7 days, and in the brain 11 days aft ... | 1976 | 185529 |
| susceptibility of chickens to avian encephalomyelitis virus. v. behavior of a field strain in laying hens. | some 12-month-old laying hens were inoculated orally or subcutaneously with 10(4.7) eid50 of a field strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus. they were examined for propagation of the virus in the body at regular intervals of time. when two hens were sacrificed daily in the group of oral inoculation, the virus was found in liver, pancreas, and esophagus in both hens 1 day, in brain, lumbar part of the spinal cord, heart, spleen, pharynx, larynx, glandular stomach, muscle, and blood in one of the ... | 1976 | 185530 |
| the role of herpes virus in cancer of the cervix. | | 1976 | 185549 |
| atp-ppi exchange activity of progesterone receptor. | progesterone receptor preparations from avian oviduct catalyze a pyrophosphate (ppi)-exchange reaction between atp and 32p-labeled ppi. the reaction requires atp exclusively and is mn++-dependent. this enzyme activity is detectable in receptor preparations that have been purified extensively by chromatography on atp-sepharose and deae-sephadex columns. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified preparations reveals a comigration of [3h]progesterone-receptor complex and the enzyme activity. t ... | 1976 | 185612 |
| v irus and lectin agglutination of erythrocytes: spin label study of membrane lipid-protein interactions. | techniques of spin-label electron spin resonance have been used to prove changes in the structure of the lipid phase of erythrocyte membrane after agglutination by viruses and lectins. when chicken erythrocytes are agglutinated by sendai and influenza viruses and by the lectins concanavalin a and wheat germ agglutinin, the membrane lipid phase becomes more fluid, as detected by three different lipophilic spin-laveled probes. colchicine, vinblastine, and tetracaine inhibit the fluidization of chi ... | 1976 | 185616 |
| on the specificity of synapse formation. | clonal neuroblastome x glioma hybrid cells form synapses with striated muscle cells from different muscles and from different organisms, such as chick, mouse, and rat. under appropriate conditions 65-80% of the muscle cells exhibited synaptic responses. the results indicate that most striated muscle cells have the same specificity for synapse formation and suggest that synaptogenesis is not dependent on interactions between complementary molecules on neuron and muscle cells that code for differe ... | 1976 | 185619 |
| rous-sarcoma-virus-transformed fibroblasts having low levels of plasminogen activator. | several clones of transformed chick embryo fibroblasts infected with wild-type b77-c or prague-c strain of rous sarcoma virus have been isolated from soft agar suspension. these clones were screened for plasminogen activator activity by overlaying monolayer cultures with medium containing agar, casein, and chicken plasminogen. twenty-three percent of all of the isolated clones showed little caseinolytic activity, 42% had intermediate activity, and 35% had high activity. although the clones with ... | 1976 | 185621 |
| the role of herpesviruses in marek's disease lymphoma of chickens. | | 1976 | 185662 |
| infectious bursal disease of chickens and vaccination. | | 1976 | 185779 |
| [cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium ions in the mechanism of action of catecholamines]. | | 1976 | 185835 |
| cortisol effect on collagen biosynthesis in embryonic explants and in vitro hydroxylation of protocollagen. | the effect of increasing doses of hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone phosphoric acid complex, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate on collagen biosynthesis was assayed in two different systems. i. explants of chicken embryo tibiae showed decreased biosynthesis of [14c]hydroxyproline and total and glycosylated [14c]hydroxylysine under the influence of high doses of hydrocortisone. with the lower doses of hydrocortisone acetate, no effect was noticed. the total uptake of the precursor amino aci ... | 1976 | 185874 |
| [light and electron microscopic and histochemical studies on the cloaca epithelium of the domestic hen]. | the mucous membrane of the cloaca was investigated light and electronmicroscopically in 20 hens. some histochemical investigations and a reabsorption test were carried out. the surface of the coprodaeum is being formed by villi and deep crypts. the former disappears gradually within the urodaeum. the latter crypts can be found down to the proctodaeum. the epithelium of the coprodaeum and urodaeum consists of goblet cells and highprismatic cells containing secretory granules. the proctodaeum can ... | 1976 | 185923 |
| the histopathology of infectious bronchitis in fowls infected with a nephrotropic "t" strain of virus. | the histopathology of the infectious bronchitis caused by the cumming "t" strain of virus is described in fowls exposed to infection by an aerosol method. desquamation of the ciliated and glandular epithelium throughout the trachea was seen 24 hours after exposure to virus. this was followed by rapid proliferation presumably of residual basal cells with the production of a stratified undifferentiated epithelial covering. small areas of the tracheal submucosa showed lymphocytic infiltration by th ... | 1976 | 186001 |
| the immunisation of chickens against infectious avian encephalomyelitis. | an immune response was induced in chickens vaccinated with the nsw-1 virus by the intramuscular, eye drop, wing web or oral methods. the oral procedure was the most sensitive in inducing an immune response with the lowest dose of virus. the wing web method was the least sensitive. clinical iae developed in 1 chicken following intramuscular vaccination. the virus was recovered from the faeces of chickens vaccinated orally with 700 cid50 of the virus from the third to the tenth day after vaccinati ... | 1976 | 186004 |
| infectious tenosynovitis (viral arthritis): influence of maternal antibodies on the development of tenosynovitis lesions after experimental infection by day-old chickens with tenosynovitis virus. | when chicks with maternal antibodies against infectious tenosynovitis (viral arthritis) virus were inoculated orally at 1 day old with tenosynovitis virus, they were protected against developing active tenosynovitis lesions 3 weeks later. they were not protected against subcutaneous inoculation, however. breeder vaccination against tenosynovitis resulted in immunity of the progeny against oral infection at 1 day old, whereas progeny from unvaccinated breeders were susceptible to such a challenge ... | 1976 | 186006 |
| turkey herpesvirus infection in chickens: induction of lymphoproliferative lesions and characterization of vaccinal immunity against marek's disease. | chickens vaccinated at hatching with high doses of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) developed viremia that peaked in titer around the 12th day and gradually declined. hvt infection also induced mild microscopic lymphoproliferative lesions in the nerves and gonads. these lesions were most prominent around the 12th day and then regressed. the fact that such lesions were also induced by hvt in cyclophosphamide-treated chicks suggests that they were t-cell-dependent. some of the cells in early hvt lesions a ... | 1976 | 186008 |
| some properties of avian adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in japan. | outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis were observed in broiler chickens on a poultry farm during 3 years. avian adenovirus-like agents were isolated during these years from livers of diseased chickens. round-cell-type cytopathogenic effect and intranuclear inclusion bodies were produced in chicken kidney cell cultures inoculated with these agents. properties of the agents were as follows: resistant to ether, chloroform, socium deoxycholate, trypsin, heating at 50 c, and ph 3.0; sensitive to 5-io ... | 1976 | 186009 |
| an adenovirus from a turkey pathogenic to both chicks and turkey poults. | an adenovirus, designated t-75 isolant, was isolated from the cloacal swab of a clinically normal turkey, 13 weeks old. the t-75 isolant was identified as an adenovirus on the basis of physicochemical properties, cytopathology, and agar-gel precipitin test. producing two-way cross-neutralization reactions with celo virus, the isolant was classified as an avian adenovirus of serotype 1. the t-75 isolant was pathogenic to both chicks and turkey poults, causing hepatitis, respiratory disease, atrop ... | 1976 | 186010 |
| rapid diagnosis of some avian virus diseases. | direct electron microscopy was used to identify virions of infectious laryngotracheitis in lysed tracheal cells and of fowlpox in scabs and exudates from natural cases. rapid identification of avian adenovirus and infectious laryngotracheitis by gel diffusion was possible using antigens prepared by simple distilled-water lysis of infected cell cultures. precipitin lines were often visible within 5 hours. | 1976 | 186012 |
| demonstration of eimeria tenella in bursa of fabricius of chickens. | coccidial life-cytle stages were detected in the bursa of fabricius of broiler chickens inoculated with eimeria tenella, whether or not the chickens had previously been infected with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). chickens infected only with e. tenella had developing parasites in the lining epithelium, whereas chickens with both infections had gametocytes also in the epithelial cells surrounding numerous degenerating bursal cysts. | 1976 | 186013 |
| infectious tenosynovitis in commercial white leghorn chickens. | infectious tenosynovitis was diagnosed in three separate outbreaks in a commercial white leghorn hens, though not previously reported in adult white leghorns (3). clinically affected flocks had decreased production and increased daily mortality, with many hens showing signs of the so called "cage-fatigue bluecomb" syndrome. most sick birds had lesions typical of infectious tenosynovitis, with pronounced cyanosis and dehydration. dead birds had signs of acute septicemia. the course of the disease ... | 1976 | 186015 |
| activities and some properties of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in muscle, liver and nervous tissues from vertebrates and invertebrates in relation to the control of the concentration of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. | 1. the basal and fluoride-stimulated activities of adenylate cyclase, and the maximal activities of 3':5'-cyclic amp phosphodiesterase and 3':5'-cyclic gmp phosphodiesterase, together with the km values for their respective substrates, were measured in muscle, liver and nervous tissues from a large range of animals to provide information on the mechanism of control of cyclic amp concentrations in these tissues. high activities of adenylate cyclase and cyclic amp diesterase are found in nervous t ... | 1976 | 186042 |
| inhibition of pth receptor binding and pth mediated adenylate cyclase activity by somatostatin. | | 1976 | 186067 |
| separation and characterization of two distinct hemagglutinins contained in purified leukocytosis-promoting factor from bordetella pertussis. | 1. the leukocytosis-promoting factor of bordetella pertussis was found to contain two hemagglutinins with different susceptibilities to papain and separable from each other by agarose gel filtration with tris - hcl buffer containing 1 m nacl. 2. one hemagglutinin, referred to as hemagglutinin ha, had a high hemagglutinating activity, but neither leukocytosis-promoting nor histamine-sensitizing activity. the other hemagglutinin, referred to as hemagglutinin lpf appeared to be identical with the l ... | 1976 | 186106 |
| protein components in the very low density lipoproteins of hen's egg yolks. identification of highly aggregating (gelling) and less aggregating (non-gelling) proteins. | apoproteins of hen's egg yolk very low density lipoprotein has been separated by sephadex g-200 gel filtration in 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate into three categories of proteins termed apoprotein a, apoprotein b and apoprotein c. apoprotein a fraction consists of several aggregated proteins (linked possibly by -s-s- bridges) as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. apoprotein b contains two major protein components, b1 and b2, with molecular weights of 78 00 ... | 1976 | 186112 |
| characteristics and altered sensitivity of cerebral beta-adrenoceptors assessed by [3h]-propranolol binding [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 186146 |
| stimulated formation of cyclic amp in different areas of chick brain. | marked accumulation of cerebral cyclic amp was induced in the chick by the i.v. administration of isoprenaline or histamine of by decapitation. these responses were examined in various cerebral regions and compared to the responses produced in vitro when maximal concentrations of isoprenaline, histamine or adenosine were added to appropriate brain slices. histamine only markedly stimulated cyclic amp formation in the cerebral hemispheres. isoprenaline was equally potent in the cerebellum and the ... | 1976 | 186284 |
| competition for the invitro binding of radioiodinated human follicle-stimulation hormone in reptilian avian, and mammalian gonads by nonmammalian gonadotropins. | | 1976 | 186355 |
| general information and conclusions on pyrrolizidine alkaloids. | | 1976 | 186389 |
| lymphocyte activation by cell separation procedures. | cell separation techniques normally used to obtain subpopulations of lymphocytes were shown, under certain conditions, to render the cells cytotoxic towards a number of target-cells including autologous lymphocytes. to cause cytotoxicity, it was necessary to pass cells through glass wool and/or nylon wool columns equilibrated with media containing fresh plasma or serum. cells lost activation upon overnight in vitro culture or treatment with trypsin. in addition to direct cell cytotoxicity, cells ... | 1976 | 186400 |
| undulating membraneous structures associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in tumour cells. | the morphology and occurrence of tubuloreticular and undulating membraneous structures (trs and ums) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum were examined under normal and pathologic conditions. it was concluded that trs and ums are cytoplasmic inclusions of similar type but of different organization. the occurrence of ums in a human cell line derived from a carcinoma of the lung and in a transplantable chicken hepatoma derived from an mc-29 virus-induced liver tumour is described. | 1976 | 186416 |
| inhibition of 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase and the stimulation of cerebral cyclic amp formation by biogenic amines in vitro and in vivo. | | 1976 | 186725 |
| immunological and compositional patterns of lipoproteins in chicken (gallus domesticus) plasma. | immunological and compositional patterns of plasma lipoproteins in the laying and nonlaying hen (gallus domesticus) and rooster plasmas were compared. hen plasma contained three immunologically distinct lipoproteins: very low density (cldl) and low density (ldl); high density (hdl); and lipovitellin (lv). rooster plasma contained vldl and ldl; and hdl. laying hen plasma in comparison to the other groups of birds contained a high content of vldl and lv. the plasma lipoprotein pattern of nonlaying ... | 1976 | 186770 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 5. airborne transmission between chickens. | airborne transmission of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) between chickens was studied in two trials using an experimental line of white leghorns. hvt either did not spread or spread poorly to chickens that had been exposed for 8 weeks to the exhaust air from a cage containing donor chickens inoculated with hvt at 8 weeks of age. there was no airborne transmission of hvt to chickens that had been exposed for 4 weeks. this study indicated a possible by an infrequent spread of hvt between chickens via air ... | 1976 | 186771 |
| [synthesis of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its regulation in the kidney (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 186849 |