| large telomerase rna, telomere length heterogeneity and escape from senescence in candida glabrata. | telomerase, the key enzyme essential for the maintenance of eukaryotic chromosome ends, contains a reverse transcriptase and an rna that provides the template for the synthesis of telomeric repeats. here, we characterize the telomerase subunits in the hemiascomycete yeast candida glabrata. we propose a secondary structure model for the telomerase rna that is the largest described to date. telomerase deletion mutants show a progressive shortening of telomeres and a modest loss of viability. frequ ... | 2009 | 19840797 |
| assessment of the in vitro kinetic activity of caspofungin against candida glabrata. | echinocandins have become the drug of choice in infections caused by candida glabrata. the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of caspofungin alone and in combination against c. glabrata. in vitro assays demonstrated that caspofungin alone showed excellent fungicidal activity against c. glabrata, including fluconazole-resistant strains. the combination of caspofungin and azole antifungals showed potential synergy against c. glabrata. overall, caspofungin demonstrated ex ... | 2010 | 19841143 |
| urban pigeons (columba livia) as a potential source of pathogenic yeasts: a focus on antifungal susceptibility of cryptococcus strains in northeast brazil. | to investigate pigeons as a potential source of pathogenic yeast species, 47 samples of pigeon droppings and 322 samples from pigeon cloacae were evaluated. the samples were also collected from trees located near the pigeon habitats, in the city of fortaleza, ceará, northeast brazil. in addition, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of these environmental cryptococcus strains to amphotericin b, azoles and caspofungin. c. neoformans var. neoformans (n = 10), c. laurentii (n = 3), c ... | 2010 | 19847668 |
| etiologic agents of bacteremia in the early period after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. | bacteremia is among the known complications in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (spkt). this study evaluated the frequency of microbial isolates and their susceptibility profiles among cultures of clinical samples obtained from blood and from the tips of blood vessel catheters of 26 spkt recipients suspected of bacteremia in the early posttransplant period. | 2009 | 19857699 |
| in vitro interactions between primycin and different statins in their effects against some clinically important fungi. | the in vitro antifungal activities of primycin (pn) and various statins against some opportunistic pathogenic fungi were investigated. pn completely inhibited the growth of candida albicans (mic 64 microg ml(-1)) and candida glabrata (mic 32 microg ml(-1)), and was very effective against paecilomyces variotii (mic 2 microg ml(-1)), but had little effect on aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus or rhizopus oryzae (mics >64 microg ml(-1)). the fungi exhibited different degrees of sensitivity t ... | 2010 | 19875509 |
| remodeling of the scf complex-mediated ubiquitination system by compositional alteration of incorporated f-box proteins. | ubiquitination regulates not only the stability but the localization and activity of substrate proteins involved in a plethora of cellular processes. the skp1-cullin-f-box protein (scf) complexes constitute a major family of ubiquitin protein ligases, in each member of which an f-box protein serves as the variable component responsible for substrate recognition, thereby defining the function of each complex. here we studied whether the composition of f-box proteins in the scf complexes is remode ... | 2010 | 19882662 |
| fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans and candida glabrata. | although photodynamic therapy (pdt) has shown great promise for the inactivation of candida species, its effectiveness against azole-resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. this in vitro study describes the association of photogem® (photogem, moscow, russia) with led (light emitting diode) light for the photoinactivation of fluconazole-resistant (fr) and american type culture collection (atcc) strains of candida albicans and candida glabrata. suspensions of each candida strain were treate ... | 2011 | 19889173 |
| characterising the post-antifungal effects of micafungin against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis and candida krusei isolates. | in this study, we measured time-kills and post-antifungal effects (pafes) for micafungin against candida albicans (n=4), candida glabrata (n=3), candida parapsilosis (n=3) and candida krusei (n=2) isolates and further characterised the pafes. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were 0.5-1.0 mg/l against c. parapsilosis and 0.008-0.125 mg/l against the other species. micafungin caused kills >1 log at 1 x mic, 4 x mic (range 1.19-3.10 log) and 16 x mic (2.27-3.68 log), achieving fungicidal le ... | 2010 | 19889519 |
| mycoses in the elderly. | infections with dermatophytes are more prevalent in the elderly than in non-elderly adults; risk factors include local trophic disturbances, underlying diseases such as diabetes and a reduced oxygen supply due to diminished blood circulation. vaginal mycoses are seldom found. in systemic yeast infections in patients of advanced age, candida glabrata plays a relatively important role. the dimorphic fungus coccidioides immitis is more prevalent in the elderly in endemic areas. although there is no ... | 2010 | 19911208 |
| rhodanineacetic acid derivatives as potential drugs: preparation, hydrophobic properties and antifungal activity of (5-arylalkylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acids. | some [(5z)-(5-arylalkylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)]acetic acids were prepared as potential antifungal compounds. the general synthetic approach to all synthesized compounds is presented. lipophilicity of all the discussed rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivatives was analyzed using a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) method. the procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped no ... | 2009 | 19924058 |
| yeast microflora isolated from brazilian cassava roots: taxonomical classification based on molecular identification. | a rapid molecular identification technique was applied on microbial microflora isolated from brazilian cassava roots given a yeast profile presented in the samples analyzed. a total of 24 strain isolated from cassava were initially grouped and identified in five groups using restriction-fragment length polymorphism (rflps) of 5.8s-its rdna region. sequencing analysis of the domains d1 and d2 of the 26s rrna gene or 5.8s rrna-its region were used to identify different groups of yeasts. representa ... | 2010 | 19924478 |
| impact of the transcriptional regulator, ace2, on the candida glabrata secretome. | candida glabrata is a major fungal pathogen of humans, and the virulence of c. glabrata is increased by inactivation of the transcription factor, ace2. our previous examination of the effects of ace2 inactivation upon the intracellular proteome suggested that the hypervirulence of c. glabrata ace2 mutants might be caused by differences in the secretome. therefore in this study we have characterised the c. glabrata secretome and examined the effects of ace2 inactivation upon this extracellular pr ... | 2010 | 19941307 |
| megasatellites: a new class of large tandem repeats discovered in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | megasatellites are dna tandem arrays made of large motifs; they were discovered in the yeast candida glabrata. they are widespread in this species (40 copies) but are not found in any other hemiascomycete so far, raising the intriguing question of their origin. they are found mainly in genes encoding cell wall products, suggesting that megasatellites were selected for a function linked to cell-cell adhesion or to pathogenicity. their putative role in promoting genome rearrangements by interferin ... | 2010 | 19946728 |
| identification of antibacterial and antifungal pharmacophore sites for potent bacteria and fungi inhibition: indolenyl sulfonamide derivatives. | synthesis of seven new indolenyl sulfonamides, have been prepared by the condensation reaction of indole-3-carboxaldehyde with different sulfonamides such as, sulphanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine. these synthesized compounds have been used as potential ligands for complexation with some selective divalent transition metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel & zinc). structure of the synthesized ligands has been deduced from thei ... | 2010 | 20005022 |
| new mspqc-pls method for the early clinic identification of commonly encountered candida species. | the early clinic identification of commonly encountered candida species became more important with the increasing human candidiasis. in this paper, a new mspqc-pls (multi-channel series piezoelectric quartz crystal biosensor combined with partial least square) method was proposed for early identification of the most frequent candida species encountered in human pathology. this method was based on these fact that (1) mspqc method is a real-time monitoring method based on the sensitive frequency r ... | 2010 | 20006076 |
| candida glabrata persistence in mice does not depend on host immunosuppression and is unaffected by fungal amino acid auxotrophy. | candida glabrata has emerged as an important fungal pathogen of humans, causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. in contrast, mice do not develop disease upon systemic challenge, even with high infection doses. in this study we show that leukopenia, but not treatment with corticosteroids, leads to fungal burdens that are transiently increased over those in immunocompetent mice. however, even immunocompetent mice were not capable of clearing infections within 4 weeks. ti ... | 2010 | 20008535 |
| caspofungin-non-susceptible candida isolates in cancer patients. | to identify the frequency of caspofungin-non-susceptible candida isolates in cancer patients with candidiasis. | 2010 | 20016020 |
| phospholipase and proteinase activities of candida isolates from denture wearers. | summary the aim of the present study was to characterise phospholipase and proteinase activities of oral candida isolates from 100 denture wearers and to study the relationship of these activities with denture stomatitis. of 100 patients studied, 44 suffered from denture stomatitis. specimens were collected by swabbing the denture and underlying mucosa. isolates were previously identified by conventional mycological and genotypic methods. the phospholipase and proteinase activities were evaluate ... | 2009 | 20028461 |
| water-forming nadh oxidase protects torulopsis glabrata against hyperosmotic stress. | a heterologous water-forming nadh oxidase was introduced into torulopsis glabrata and the effect on cell growth under hyperosmotic conditions was investigated. expression of the noxe gene from lactococcus lactis nz9000 in t. glabrata resulted in a marked decrease in the nadh : nad+ ratio and higher activities of key enzymes in water-regenerating pathways, leading to an increase in intracellular water content. nacl-induced reactive oxygen species production was also decreased by the introduction ... | 2010 | 20037925 |
| acquisition of flucytosine, azole, and caspofungin resistance in candida glabrata bloodstream isolates serially obtained from a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. | we describe the acquisition of flucytosine, azole, and caspofungin resistance in sequential candida glabrata bloodstream isolates collected from a bone marrow transplant patient with clinical failure. point mutations in c. glabrata fur1 (cgfur1) and cgfks2 and overexpression of cgcdr1 and cgcdr2 were observed in resistant isolates. | 2010 | 20038613 |
| early prediction of candida glabrata fungemia in nonneutropenic critically ill patients. | candida species represent the fourth cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections worldwide. because candida glabrata has become the second most frequently identified yeast and because the rate of fluconazole-resistant c. glabrata strains reaches 10% to 15%, initial antifungal therapy based on fluconazole in nonneutropenic hemodynamically stable patients, as recommended by current guidelines, may be an ineffective option. our aim was to determine easy-to-identify risk factors for c. glabrata funge ... | 2010 | 20042858 |
| covalently linked wall proteins in ascomycetous fungi. | the covalently linked wall proteins of saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans and to a lesser extent of candida glabrata have been extensively studied. here we describe some of their main structural features and discuss their conservation in other ascomycetous fungi. we also discuss the hybrid nature of many wall proteins and the frequent occurrence of families of wall proteins with a common multi-domain structure. finally, some quantitative data regarding wall proteins are presented. | 2010 | 20043286 |
| species distribution and susceptibility profile of candida species in a brazilian public tertiary hospital. | abstract: | 2010 | 20044935 |
| differences in patient risk factors and source of candidaemia caused by candida albicans and candida glabrata. | summary there is an increasing frequency of candidaemia caused by candida glabrata which has decreased in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole. differences in risk factors for candidaemia caused by c. glabrata and c. albicans have not been formally evaluated in a diverse patient group. we performed a retrospective study of adult inpatients from january 1, 2003 to april 30, 2008 with c. glabrata and c. albicans candidaemia at a single tertiary care centre in detroit, michigan to evaluate for diffe ... | 2009 | 20051013 |
| [antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from patient with invasive fungal peritonitis and investigation on clinical breakpoints of itraconazole]. | we investigated antifungal susceptibility of 96 candida species strains (37 strains of candida albicans, 30 of candida glabrata, 16 of candida tropicalis and 13 of candida parapsilosis) isolated from patients with invasive fungal peritonitis. antifungal activity showed micafungin (mcfg), voriconazole (vrcz)>itraconazole (itcz)>fluconazole (flcz). judged by clinical breakpoints of clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi), flcz-resistant c. albicans, itcz-resistant c. albicans and vrcz-r ... | 2009 | 20055119 |
| the post-antifungal effect (pafe) of amphotericin b, nystatin, ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine and its impact on the colonization traits of candida glabrata. | the post-antifungal effect (pafe) has been shown to affect candida pathogenicity, but there is little information on either pafe or its association with the colonization traits of candida glabrata. the objective of this study was to determine, in vitro, the pafe on 14 c. glabrata isolates following exposure to amphotericin b (amb), nystatin (nys), ketoconazole (keto) and 5-fluorocytosine (5fc). in addition, we evaluated the impact of pafe on yeast adherence to buccal epithelial cells (bec), cell ... | 2010 | 20092419 |
| roles of calcineurin and crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of candida glabrata. | a candida glabrata calcineurin mutant exhibited increased susceptibility to both azole antifungal and cell wall-damaging agents and was also attenuated in virulence. although a mutant lacking the downstream transcription factor crz1 displayed a cell wall-associated phenotype intermediate to that of the calcineurin mutant and was modestly attenuated in virulence, it did not show increased azole susceptibility. these results suggest that calcineurin regulates both crz1-dependent and -independent p ... | 2010 | 20100876 |
| species identification of candida isolates obtained from oral lesions of hiv infected patients. | a total of 60 patients suspected to have aids with oral lesions suggestive of oral candidiasis were studied. candida species were isolated from 50 patients. candida albicans was the commonest isolate (70 %) followed candida parapsilosis(15%), candida glabrata (7.5%) and candida tropicalis (5%) respectively. candida dubliniensis was isolated from a single case only. though the reports from developed countries show more prevalence of the novel species candida dubliniensis, in our study it was isol ... | 2009 | 20101347 |
| synthesis and the selective antifungal activity of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives. | even though there are new classes of compounds now frequently used in treatment of fungal infections, the density of deeply invasive candidiasis has increased at least 10-fold during the past decade. furthermore, many infections due to candida species are actually refractory to antifungal therapy. in this present study, it was aimed to synthesize, new hydrazide derivatives of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and evaluate their anticandidal activity and cytotoxicity in vitro. the reaction of tetr ... | 2010 | 20106559 |
| combination of caspofungin or anidulafungin with antimicrobial peptides results in potent synergistic killing of candida albicans and candida glabrata in vitro. | administering synergistic combinations of antifungals could be a route to overcome problems with toxicity and the development of resistance. combination of the echinocandins caspofungin or anidulafungin with a range of structurally diverse antimicrobial peptides resulted in potent synergistic killing of candida spp. in vitro. fungicidal synergy was measured by calculating fractional inhibitory concentration indices from checkerboard assays as well as loss of viability. inhibitory combinations of ... | 2010 | 20106636 |
| [significantly increase of glycolytic flux and pyruvate productivity in torulopsis glabrata by heterologous expression of nadh alternative oxidase]. | this study aimed at increasing the glycolytic flux and pyruvate productivity in torulopsis glabrata with glucose as carbon source. | 2009 | 20112677 |
| proteomics of drug resistance in candida glabrata biofilms. | candida glabrata is a fungal pathogen that causes a variety of mucosal and systemic infections among compromised patient populations with higher mortality rates. previous studies have shown that biofilm mode of the growth of the fungus is highly resistant to antifungal agents compared with the free-floating or planktonic mode of growth. therefore, in the present study, we used 2-d dige to evaluate the differential proteomic profiles of c. glabrata under planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. ca ... | 2010 | 20127690 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of hydroxychavicol isolated from piper betle l. | hydroxychavicol, isolated from the chloroform extraction of the aqueous leaf extract of piper betle l., (piperaceae) was investigated for its antifungal activity against 124 strains of selected fungi. the leaves of this plant have been long in use tropical countries for the preparation of traditional herbal remedies. | 2010 | 20128889 |
| carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata with amines and amino acids. | the protein encoded by the nce103 gene of candida glabrata, a beta-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) designated as cgca, was investigated for its activation with amines and amino acids. cgca was weakly activated by amino acids such as l-/d-his, l-phe, l-dopa, and l-trp and by histamine or dopamine (k(a)s of 21.2-37microm) but more effectively activated by d-phe, d-dopa, d-trp as well as serotonin, pyridyl-alkylamines, aminoethyl-piperazine/morpholine (k(a)s of 10.1-16.7microm). the best activa ... | 2010 | 20129782 |
| antifungal susceptibility testing of candida isolates from the candida surveillance study. | candida species are a common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. recent surveillance has shown an increase in the relative proportion of infections caused by candida glabrata, which has reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. we undertook sentinel surveillance with antifungal susceptibility testing to monitor the trends in the proportions of various candida species causing invasive disease. forty-one institutions participated in the candida surveillance study. all isolates were submitted ... | 2010 | 20129963 |
| candida glabrata liver abscess and fungemia complicating severe calculus cholecystitis in an immunocompetent nondiabetic host. | we report a rare case of candida glabrata liver abscess and fungemia complicating severe calculus cholecystitis in a 64-year-old female patient who had no history of immunosuppression or diabetes mellitus. the patient underwent cholecystectomy, resection of liver abscess, and systemic antifungal therapy using micafungin. | 2010 | 20134390 |
| susceptibility of candida biofilms to histatin 5 and fluconazole. | candida-associated denture stomatitis has a high rate of recurrence. candida biofilms formed on denture acrylic are more resistant to antifungals than planktonic yeasts. histatins, a family of basic peptides secreted by the major salivary glands in humans, especially histatin 5, possess significant antifungal properties. we examined antifungal activities of histatin 5 against planktonic or biofilm candida albicans and candida glabrata. candida biofilms were developed on poly(methyl methacrylate) ... | 2010 | 20140514 |
| the distribution of species and susceptibility of amphotericin b and fluconazole of yeast pathogens isolated from sterile sites in taiwan. | to study the demographic changes of yeasts causing invasive infections in taiwan, especially with respect to species distribution and antifungal susceptibility, we analyzed isolates obtained from four sterile sites of patients in 19 hospitals in 2002 (155 strains) and again from the same hospitals in 2006 (208 strains). blood was the most common source of the yeasts, accounting for 73.8% of the total isolates, followed by ascites (21.5%), cerebrospinal fluid (3%), and synovia (1.7%). candida alb ... | 2010 | 20141372 |
| candidal abscess of the parotid gland due to candida glabrata: report of a case and literature review. | we report the case of an immunocompetent woman who developed a candida glabrata abscess of the parotid gland and present a review of similar cases from the literature. diagnosis was based on the isolation of c. glabrata in pure culture from the abscess pus. examination of stained smears of the same material demonstrated small sized yeast cells, some being intra-macrophagic. combination of a local drainage and oral fluconazole proved to be an efficient therapeutic strategy. candidal abscesses are ... | 2010 | 20141375 |
| novel fks mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in candida species. | we studied three clinical isolates of candida spp. (one c. tropicalis isolate and two c. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. the first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. these strains harbored an amino acid substitution in fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in c. tropicalis or in c. glabrata. the molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-d-gluca ... | 2010 | 20145084 |
| target validation and ligand development for a pathogenic fungal profilin, using a knock-down strain of pathogenic yeast candida glabrata and structure-based ligand design. | the emergence of antifungal drug resistance is triggering vigorous searches for novel antifungal targets and lead compounds. in this study, we focused on fungal profilin, which is a small actin control protein sharing limited homology to human profilin. to validate its potentiality as a target, a profilin-conditional mutant of the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata was constructed, using a regulatable tet promoter, and its growth was monitored in vitro. repression of profilin expression led to se ... | 2010 | 20148388 |
| antifungal drug resistance of oral fungi. | fungi comprise a minor component of the oral microbiota but give rise to oral disease in a significant proportion of the population. the most common form of oral fungal disease is oral candidiasis, which has a number of presentations. the mainstay for the treatment of oral candidiasis is the use of polyenes, such as nystatin and amphotericin b, and azoles including miconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole. resistance of fungi to polyenes is rare, but some candida species, such as candida glabra ... | 2010 | 20155503 |
| eleven-year retrospective survey of candidaemia in a university hospital in southwestern greece. | the aim of this study was to investigate the isolation and distribution rate of candida spp. in blood cultures and evaluate antifungal susceptibility during an 11-year period (1998–2008) at a tertiary-care hospital. the causative species were as follows: candida albicans, 163 strains (64%); candida parapsilosis, 35 strains (13.7%); candida glabrata, 25 strains (9.8%); candida tropicalis, 19 strains (7.4%); and other candida spp., 13 strains (5.1%). candidaemia is predominantly caused by c. albic ... | 2010 | 20156217 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (mimosaceae). | ethyl acetate (ea) extract of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (cg) was analysed phytochemically and evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against 17 pathogenic species isolated from patient: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, salmonella typhi, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus feacalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2006 | 20162076 |
| changing trends in the epidemiology of candida blood stream infections: a matter for concern? | | 2010 | 20168159 |
| multilocus sequence type analysis reveals both clonality and recombination in populations of candida glabrata bloodstream isolates from u.s. surveillance studies. | the human commensal yeast candida glabrata is becoming increasingly important as an agent of nosocomial bloodstream infection. however, relatively little is known concerning the genetics and population structure of this species. we have analyzed 230 incident bloodstream isolates from previous and current population-based surveillance studies by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). our results show that in the u.s. cities of atlanta, ga; baltimore, md; and san francisco, ca during three time ... | 2010 | 20190071 |
| synergistic activities of three triazoles with caspofungin against candida glabrata isolates determined by time-kill, etest, and disk diffusion methods. | combinations of voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole with caspofungin were evaluated against 50 candida glabrata isolates by the time-kill, disk diffusion, and etest methods. the majority of antifungal combinations were indifferent. by the time-kill method, synergistic activity was detected with eight (16%) of the caspofungin-voriconazole and seven (14%) of the caspofungin-fluconazole combinations, but synergy was not seen with the caspofungin-itraconazole combination. further comparisons ... | 2010 | 20194697 |
| candida glabrata tryptophan-based pigment production via the ehrlich pathway. | pigments contribute to the pathogenicity of many fungi, mainly by protecting fungal cells from host defence activities. here, we have dissected the biosynthetic pathway of a tryptophan-derived pigment of the human pathogen candida glabrata, identified key genes involved in pigment production and have begun to elucidate the possible biological function of the pigment. using transcriptional analyses and a transposon insertion library, we have identified genes associated with pigment production. ta ... | 2010 | 20199593 |
| chemogenomic and transcriptome analysis identifies mode of action of the chemosensitizing agent ctbt (7-chlorotetrazolo[5,1-c]benzo[1,2,4]triazine). | ctbt (7-chlorotetrazolo [5,1-c]benzo[1,2,4]triazine) increases efficacy of commonly used antifungal agents by an unknown mechanism. it increases the susceptibility of saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans and candida glabrata cells to cycloheximide, 5-fluorocytosine and azole antimycotic drugs. here we elucidate ctbt mode of action with a combination of systematic genetic and transcriptome analysis. | 2010 | 20202201 |
| candidaemia in adult cancer patients: risks for fluconazole-resistant isolates and death. | candidaemia in cancer patients is associated with increasing fluconazole resistance. models for predicting such isolates and their clinical impact are required. | 2010 | 20202987 |
| preparation of some pyrazoline derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activities. | the synthesis of a new series of 1-[(benzazole-2-yl)thioacetyl]-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives was obtained by reacting 1-(chloroacetyl)-3,5-diaryl-pyrazolines with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole/benzoxazole/benzothiazole. the chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, and fab(+)-ms spectral data. their antifungal activities against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida utilis, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, and candida parapsilosis were investigated. a ... | 2010 | 20205628 |
| mitochondrial dna heteroplasmy in candida glabrata after mitochondrial transformation. | genetic manipulation of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is the most direct method for investigating mtdna, but until now, this has been achieved only in the diploid yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study, the atp6 gene on mtdna of the haploid yeast candida glabrata (torulopsis glabrata) was deleted by biolistic transformation of dna fragments with a recoded arg8(m) mitochondrial genetic marker, flanked by homologous arms to the atp6 gene. transformants were identified by arginine prototrophy. h ... | 2010 | 20207853 |
| gene duplication and the evolution of ribosomal protein gene regulation in yeast. | coexpression of genes within a functional module can be conserved at great evolutionary distances, whereas the associated regulatory mechanisms can substantially diverge. for example, ribosomal protein (rp) genes are tightly coexpressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the cis and trans factors associated with them are surprisingly diverged across ascomycota fungi. little is known, however, about the functional impact of such changes on actual expression levels or about the selective pressures t ... | 2010 | 20212107 |
| role of the slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cell wall integrity and virulence in candida glabrata. | the slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays a major role in maintaining fungal cell wall integrity. in this study, we investigated the effects of slt2 deletion and overexpression on drug susceptibility and virulence in the opportunistic fungal pathogen candida glabrata. while the deltaslt2 strain showed decreased tolerance to elevated temperature and cell wall-damaging agents, the slt2-overexpressing strain exhibited increased tolerance to these stresses. a mutant lacking rlm1, a tra ... | 2010 | 20214686 |
| predictors of candidaemia caused by non-albicans candida species: results of a population-based surveillance in barcelona, spain. | although candida albicans (ca) is the most common cause of candida bloodstream infections (bsis), recent studies have observed an increasing percentage of candidaemias caused by non-albicans candida species (nac). in the present study, we attempted to identify the predictors of candidaemia due to nac compared to ca. we analyzed data from an active population-based surveillance in barcelona (spain) from january 2002 to december 2003. factors associated with nac fungaemia were determined by multiv ... | 2010 | 20219079 |
| [physiological function of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in torulopsis glabrata]. | we studied the physiological function of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (kgdh) on the metabolism of torulopsis glabrata. | 2009 | 20222442 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time quantitative pcr assay for detection and enumeration of yeasts of public health interest in dairy products. | yeast contamination is a problem in the food industry as a cause of spoilage. moreover, various species of yeasts are known to be capable of causing opportunistic infections in humans. we have developed a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay to directly detect and quantify nine emerging opportunistic yeast species (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, clavispora lusitaniae, filobasidiella neoformans, issatchenkia orientalis, trichosporon asahii, and tr ... | 2010 | 20223545 |
| response to oxidative stress in eight pathogenic yeast species of the genus candida. | in the course of an infection, the formation of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of microorganisms play a crucial role in pathogenesis. in this study, isolates representing 8 pathogenic candida species-candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis-were compared with regard to their resistance to oxidative stress in vitro. we evaluated degree ... | 2010 | 20229037 |
| caspofungin use in patients with invasive candidiasis caused by common non-albicans candida species: review of the caspofungin database. | increasing rates of invasive candidiasis caused by non-albicans candida species have been reported worldwide. particular concerns have been raised for c. parapsilosis because of reduced in vitro susceptibility to echinocandins. we identified 212 patients with invasive candidiasis due to non-albicans candida species (>or=5 cases per species) in 5 clinical trials of caspofungin monotherapy from the pharmaceutical sponsor's (merck and co., inc.) database: 71 cases were caused by c. parapsilosis, 65 ... | 2010 | 20231388 |
| molecular analysis of candida glabrata clinical isolates. | candida glabrata is an important human pathogen, and an understanding of the genetic relatedness of its clinical isolates is essential for the prevention and control of fungal infections. in this study, we determined the relatedness of 38 candida glabrata clinical isolates originating from two teaching hospitals in slovakia. the 14 different genotypes were found by using microsatellite marker analysis (rpm2, mti and cg6) and dna sequencing for analysis of the entire erg11 gene. subsequent sequen ... | 2010 | 20232155 |
| synthesis and antileishmanial and antimicrobial activities of some 2,3-disubstituted 3h-quinazolin-4-ones. | a series of 2,3-disubstituted 3h-quinazolin-4-ones was synthesized. antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated against gram (+ve) and gram (-ve) bacteria, including b. subtilis, s. aureus, s. flexneri, p. aeruginosa, and s. typhi, and six fungi, namely trichophyton longifusus, candida albicans, aspergillus flavus, microsporum canis, fusarium solani, and candida glabrata using the broth microdilution method. compounds 9, 11, and 12 showed significant activities agains ... | 2010 | 20235747 |
| repeated exposure of candida spp. to miconazole demonstrates no development of resistance. | summary oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) is a common infection among the immuno-compromised population. treatments include both systemic azoles, most commonly fluconazole (flu), and topical agents such as miconazole (micon). however, resistance to flu has been reported with a greater frequency. the aim of this study was to determine the potential for development of resistance following repeated exposure of candida spp. to micon. two clinical isolates each of candida albicans, c. glabrata, and c. ... | 2010 | 20236241 |
| silicone colonization by non-candida albicans candida species in the presence of urine. | urinary tract infections (utis) are the most common nosocomial infections and 80 % are related to the use of urinary catheters. furthermore, candida species are responsible for around 15 % of utis and an increasing involvement of non-candida albicans candida (ncac) species (e.g. candida glabrata, candida tropicalis and candida parapsilosis) has been recognized. given the fact that silicone is frequently used in the manufacture of urinary catheters, the aim of this work was to compare both the ad ... | 2010 | 20299506 |
| fatal postoperative candida glabrata septicemia in a child with congenital heart disease. | the incidence of candidemia has been reported to be high in some cardiovascular surgery units. congenital heart disease has been considered a risk factor for acquisition of candidemia. this present case is a postoperative candida glabrata in a child with congenital heart disease. a 3-year-old child, a previously diagnosed case of situs-solitus d loop situs with double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and large ostium secundum atrial septal defect, was admitte ... | 2009 | 20300391 |
| four pathogenic candida species differ in salt tolerance. | the virulence of candida species depends on many environmental conditions, including extracellular ph and concentration of alkali metal cations. tests of the tolerance/sensitivity of four pathogenic candida species (c. albicans, c. dubliniensis, c. glabrata, and c. parapsilosis) to alkali metal cations under various growth conditions revealed significant differences among these species. though all of them can be classified as rather osmotolerant yeast species, they exhibit different levels of to ... | 2010 | 20300937 |
| multidrug resistant yeasts in synanthropic wild birds. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug resistant yeasts in the faeces of synanthropic wild birds from the bangsar suburb of kuala lumpur. | 2010 | 20307325 |
| prevalence and management of non-albicans vaginal candidiasis. | it is thought that widespread use of 'over-the-counter' azoles may increase the incidence of resistant candida species such as candida glabrata. infections with species other than candida albicans frequently do not respond to standard azole treatments. intravaginal nystatin is an option but is no longer available in the uk. in this paper, the authors review the prevalence of non-albicans candida over the past 5 years, and assess the efficacy of amphotericin and flucytosine vaginal cream in the t ... | 2010 | 20332368 |
| geographic variation in the frequency of isolation and fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities of candida glabrata: an assessment from the artemis disk global antifungal surveillance program. | geographic differences in frequency and azole resistance among candida glabrata may impact empiric antifungal therapy choice. we examined geographic variation in isolation and azole susceptibility of c. glabrata. we examined 23 305 clinical isolates of c. glabrata during artemis disk global surveillance. susceptibility testing to fluconazole and voriconazole was assessed by disk diffusion, and the results were grouped by geographic location: north america (na) (2470 isolates), latin america (la) ... | 2010 | 20338711 |
| human oral keratinocyte e-cadherin degradation by candida albicans and candida glabrata. | e-cadherin (e-cad) is a 120-kda adhesive protein found in adherens junctions of the digestive tract epithelium. we tested the ability of two candida strains to degrade human e-cad in the candida virulence factor perspective. | 2010 | 20359311 |
| crystal structure of yeast fad synthetase (fad1) in complex with fad. | flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) synthetase is an essential enzyme responsible for the synthesis of fad by adenylation of riboflavin monophosphate (fmn). we have solved the 1.9 a resolution structure of fad1, the yeast fad synthetase, in complex with the fad product in the active site. the structure of fad1 shows it to be a member of the pp-atpase superfamily. important conformational differences in the two motifs involved in binding the phosphate moieties of fad compared to the candida glabrat ... | 2010 | 20359485 |
| dynamic evolution of megasatellites in yeasts. | megasatellites are a new family of long tandem repeats, recently discovered in the yeast candida glabrata. compared to shorter tandem repeats, such as minisatellites, megasatellite motifs range in size from 135 to more than 300 bp, and allow calculation of evolutionary distances between individual motifs. using divergence based on nucleotide substitutions among similar motifs, we determined the smallest distance between two motifs, allowing their subsequent clustering. motifs belonging to the sa ... | 2010 | 20360043 |
| [retrospective analysis of invasive fungal infection in surgical intensive care unit]. | to conduct a retrospective analysis of the invasive fungal infection (ifi) in surgical intensive care unit (sicu). | 2010 | 20367934 |
| low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of candida strains. | we evaluated the prevalence of fks1 hot spot (hs) 1 mutations among 133 candida strains from six species displaying various caspofungin mic values (from < or =0.008 to >8 microg/ml). only 4 (2.9%) strains displayed fks1 hs1 amino acid substitutions: 1 c. albicans (f641y) among 32 isolates tested (3.1%), 1 c. glabrata (s645p) among 34 isolates tested (2.9%), and 2 c. tropicalis (f641s) among 12 isolates tested (16.7%). the 4 isolates displaying fks1 hs1 alterations showed elevated caspofungin mic ... | 2010 | 20368396 |
| loss of in vitro resistance in candida glabrata following discontinuation of fluconazole prophylaxis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient. | we report a case of fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal colonization caused by a strain of candida glabrata that rapidly regained susceptibility once prophylaxis with this agent was discontinued and echinocandin therapy was initiated. isolates collected before and after discontinuation of fluconazole were confirmed to be isogenic by rapd analysis. transcription analysis demonstrated constitutive expression of genes encoding efflux pumps in the isolate recovered on fluconazole prophylaxis and tra ... | 2010 | 20370365 |
| the impact of oral contraceptives on women's periodontal health and the subgingival occurrence of aggressive periodontopathogens and candida species. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of oral contraceptive (oc) use on the subgingival occurrence of specific periodontopathogens and the host's periodontal status. | 2010 | 20370418 |
| risk factors for fluconazole resistance in patients with candida glabrata bloodstream infection: potential impact of control group selection on characterizing the association between previous fluconazole use and fluconazole resistance. | although candida glabrata is an emerging infection, risk factors for fluconazole resistance in patients with c glabrata bloodstram infection (bsi) have not been well elucidated. | 2010 | 20371135 |
| inhibition of electron transport chain assembly and function promotes photodynamic killing of candida. | respiratory deficiency increases the sensitivity of the pathogenic fungi candida albicans and candida glabrata to oxidative stress induced by photodynamic therapy (pdt) sensitized by the cationic porphyrin meso-tetra (n-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate (tmp-1363). since disruption of electron transport chain (etc) function increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in yeast, we determined whether interference with etc assembly or function increased sensitivity to tmp-1363 ... | 2010 | 20381373 |
| yeast species composition differs between artisan bakery and spontaneous laboratory sourdoughs. | sourdough fermentations are characterized by the combined activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. an investigation of the microbial composition of 21 artisan sourdoughs from 11 different belgian bakeries yielded 127 yeast isolates. also, 12 spontaneous 10-day laboratory sourdough fermentations with daily backslopping were performed with rye, wheat, and spelt flour, resulting in the isolation of 217 yeast colonies. the isolates were grouped according to pcr-fingerprints obtained with the pri ... | 2010 | 20384785 |
| in vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against candida species. | previous pharmacodynamic studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (auc)/mic is a good descriptor of the echinocandin exposure-response relationship. further studies investigating the 24-h auc/mic target for a stasis endpoint identified free-drug 24-h auc/mic against candida albicans and were similar for two echinocandins, anidulafungin and micafungin. the current studies expand investigation of a third echinocandin (caspofun ... | 2010 | 20385855 |
| multicenter surveillance of species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of candida bloodstream isolates in south korea. | multicenter data on in vitro susceptibility of candida bloodstream isolates to echinocandin antifungal agents is still lacking in south korea. we performed a prospective multicenter study to determine the species distribution of candida bloodstream isolates and their susceptibility to five antifungal agents, including caspofungin and micafungin. a total of 639 isolates were collected from 20 tertiary hospitals between september 2006 and august 2007. antifungal susceptibilities were determined th ... | 2010 | 20392145 |
| oral candida carriage of patients attending a dental clinic in braga, portugal. | the ability of the candida species to colonize surfaces can be considered as a risk factor for oral infection. | 2010 | 20403455 |
| the effects of candida proteinases on human prommp-9, timp-1 and timp-2. | summary matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 activity is controlled by the balance between mmp-9 and its major tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (timps). we hypothesised whether candida proteinases may affect local tissue inflammatory processes by modifying these molecules. the effects of sonicated cells and concentrated growth media of six candida species on mmp-9, timp-1 and timp-2 were tested. incubated samples were analysed by western blot and detected by enhanced chemoluminescence techniqu ... | 2010 | 20406392 |
| origin and fate of pseudogenes in hemiascomycetes: a comparative analysis. | pseudogenes are ubiquitous genetic elements that derive from functional genes after mutational inactivation. characterization of pseudogenes is important to understand genome dynamics and evolution, and its significance increases when several genomes of related organisms can be compared. among yeasts, only the genome of the s. cerevisiae reference strain has been analyzed so far for pseudogenes. | 2010 | 20412590 |
| candida albicans hyr1p confers resistance to neutrophil killing and is a potential vaccine target. | candida albicans is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections in humans. it is unclear how c. albicans escapes from phagocytic attack and survives in the hostile blood environment during life-threatening systemic infections. using a conditional overexpression or suppression genetic strategy, we discovered that hyr1 gene reduced phagocytic killing activity of c. albicans in vitro and increased tissue fungal burden in vivo. concordant with its positive regulation by the transcription fac ... | 2010 | 20415594 |
| management of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit. | invasive candidiasis (ic) is an important infection in the intensive care unit (icu) setting given its association with poor clinical outcomes. the epidemiology of ic is complex and, although incompletely elucidated, is characterized by considerable regional and temporal variability. overall, there appears to be an increase in the incidence of ic and a change in distribution of the causative candida spp. of particular concern is an increase in the proportion of episodes caused by candida glabrat ... | 2010 | 20426495 |
| candidaemia associated with decreased in vitro fluconazole susceptibility: is candida speciation predictive of the susceptibility pattern? | candidaemia is often treated with fluconazole in the absence of susceptibility testing. we examined factors associated with candidaemia caused by candida isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. | 2010 | 20430790 |
| candida glabrata: an emergent opportunist in vulvovaginitis. | candida genus has various species. the incidence of c. glabrata has presented itself with more frequency over the past years with clinical importance. | 2009 | 20433786 |
| yeast from burn patients at a major burn centre of china. | this study presents fungi and their characteristics identified from burn patients at a major chinese burn centre. | 2011 | 20434270 |
| [molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of candida glabrata]. | to determine if changes in the levels of expression of erg11, cdr1 and cdr2 genes could be associated with resistance phenotype in clinical isolates of candida glabrata (c. glabrata). | 2010 | 20450660 |
| [susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole of candida species isolated from intensive care units patients in medellin, colombia (2001-2007)]. | disseminated candidiasis is caused by different candida species and mainly affects immunocompromised patients and those hospitalized in intensive care units (icu). | 2010 | 20450982 |
| [in vitro synergistic effect of moxifloxacin and amphotericin b combination against candida strains]. | contradictory results such as synergy or indifferent effect, have been reported about the interactions between quinolones and antifungal drugs in different studies. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro susceptibilities of candida spp. to moxifloxacin (mox) alone and mox + amphotericin b (amb) combination. a total of 20 strains were included to the study, of which 19 were clinical isolates (10 candida albicans, 4 candida glabrata, 2 candida parapsilosis, 1 candida tropicalis, 1 c ... | 2010 | 20455400 |
| a real-time pcr assay for the differentiation of candida species. | we established a real-time pcr assay for the detection and strain identification of candida species and demonstrated the ability to differentiate between candida albicans the most common species, and also candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis and candida dubliniensis by lightcycler pcr and melting curve analysis. | 2010 | 20456528 |
| efficacy, safety, and breakthrough infections associated with standard long-term posaconazole antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. | based on favorable results from randomized clinical trials, oral posaconazole has been approved for prophylaxis in neutropenic patients and stem cell transplantation (sct) recipients. however, routine use of a prophylactic drug may yield different results than those from clinical trials. we collected data on the efficacy, safety, breakthrough infections, and antimicrobial resistance associated with standard long-term posaconazole prophylaxis in adult allogeneic sct recipients at the ucla medical ... | 2011 | 20460163 |
| characterization of the multi-drug efflux systems of pathogenic fungi using functional hyperexpression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | systemic fungal infections, caused by a wide variety of fungi, contribute to high mortality in humans with immunocompromised conditions. however, there are few classes of antifungal drugs available, limiting therapeutic options. azoles are the most commonly used class of antifungals to treat many fungal infections, but resistance to azoles can be induced or, for some fungi, is an inherent property. one of major mechanisms of azole resistance is overexpression of drug efflux pumps in fungal cell ... | 2010 | 20467195 |
| production, physiochemical and antimicrobial properties of fungal chitosan from rhizomucor miehei and mucor racemosus. | chitosan was isolated and purified from the mycelia of rhizomucor miehei and mucor racemosus. to characterize the extracted materials, their ftir spectra were compared with that of shrimp chitosan. final degree of deacetylation which determined by (1)h nmr was obtained as 98.6% for chitosan from r. miehei (named as c1) and 97.1% for chitosan from m. racemosus (named as c2), respectively. to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the isolated fungal chitosans, minimum inhibitory concentratio ... | 2010 | 20471417 |
| correlation between broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of caspofungin, voriconazole, amphotericin b, itraconazole and fluconazole against candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is one of the most frequent organisms isolated from superficial and invasive fungal infections, after candida albicans. this organism also exhibits intrinsically low susceptibility to azole antifungals and treatment often fails. the microdilution method is not very practical for use in routine susceptibility testing in the clinical laboratory, thus necessitating the use of other methods. in this study, we compared the in vitro activity of five antifungal agents in three differen ... | 2010 | 20493911 |
| impact of education and an antifungal stewardship program for candidiasis at a thai tertiary care center. | we evaluated the impact of education and an antifungal stewardship program for candidiasis on prescribing practices, antifungal consumption, candida species infections, and estimated costs at a thai tertiary care hospital. | 2010 | 20497042 |
| [in vitro activity of baicalin against non-albicans candida biofilms]. | to investigate the effects of baicalin against candida glabrata, c. parapsilosis, c. krusei and c. guilliermondii biofilms. | 2010 | 20506829 |
| atypical chikungunya virus infections in immunocompromised patients. | | 2010 | 20507772 |
| candidemia in children. | seriously ill or immunocompromised children are at increased risk of invasive fungal infections, particularly candidemia. candida albicans and candida parapsilosis are the two most frequent causes of candidemia in pediatric patients. candidemia in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, increased length of hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. early effective antifungal therapy is the key to improved outcomes. risk factors for candidemia may be used to identify patients ... | 2010 | 20513207 |