| mechanism of hydrolysis of native and cooked starches from different botanical sources in the presence of tea extracts. | a series of experiments were conducted to highlight the mechanism of inhibition of hydrolysis and differences in hydrolysis among starches from different sources in the presence of green or black tea extract. the first experiment showed that black tea extract was more effective at reducing final viscosity for all starches. the second experiment showed that black tea was more effective at inhibiting starch hydrolysis compared to green tea when starch, tea extract, and pancreatin were added at the ... | 2012 | 23057852 |
| structural and docking studies of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (csndpk1) from tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk, ec 2.7.4.6) is a housekeeping gene, which functions in the general homeostasis of cellular nucleoside triphosphate (ntp) pools. among the various ndpk isoforms, cytosolic ndpk1 has been shown to be the main ndpk isoform in plants, accounting for more than 70 % of total ndpk activity in plants. for the first time, a full-length cdna (697 bp), designated as csndpk1 was cloned from tea leaves and consisted of a 448-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 147-amin ... | 2012 | 23054822 |
| short-term effects of polyphenol-rich black tea on blood pressure in men and women. | there is increasing evidence that black tea polyphenols contribute to vascular health. we have recently shown that regular ingestion of polyphenol-rich black tea over 6 months results in lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. however, the time course of these effects remains unclear. therefore, our objective was to determine if short-term effects of tea on blood pressure could contribute to longer-term benefits of regular tea consumption on blood pressure. men and women (n = 111) were recr ... | 2013 | 23038021 |
| black tea: chemical analysis and stability. | tea is the most popular flavored and functional drink worldwide. the nutritional value of tea is mostly from the tea polyphenols that are reported to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-oxidant properties, reduction of various cancers, inhibition of inflammation, and protective effects against diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. tea polyphenols include catechins and gallic acid in green and white teas, and theaflavins and thearubigins as well as other catechin pol ... | 2013 | 23037977 |
| impedance study of tea with added taste compounds using conducting polymer and metal electrodes. | in this study the sensing capabilities of a combination of metals and conducting polymer sensing/working electrodes for tea liquor prepared by addition of different compounds using an impedance mode in frequency range 1 hz-100 khz at 0.1 v potential has been carried out. classification of six different tea liquor samples made by dissolving various compounds (black tea liquor + raw milk from milkman), (black tea liquor + sweetened clove syrup), (black tea liquor + sweetened ginger syrup), (black ... | 2012 | 23035436 |
| influence of exogenous pigmentation on the optical properties of orthodontic elastic ligatures. | the aim of this study was to assess the optical properties of orthodontic elastic ligatures under the influence of exogenous pigments contained in the daily diet. | 2015 | 23032209 |
| effects of the medicinal plants curcuma zedoaria and camellia sinensis on halitosis control. | volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) are the gases mainly responsible for halitosis (bad breath). the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on halitosis control. two commonly used plants were tested: curcuma zedoaria and camellia sinensis (green tea). these plants were prepared as an aqueous solution and used as mouthwashes, compared with a standard mouthwash of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and a placebo (water). the experiment was conducted with 30 volunteers from th ... | 2013 | 23019084 |
| color stability of siloranes versus methacrylate-based composites after immersion in staining solutions. | the purpose of this study was to determine, by using a spectrophotometer device, the color stability of silorane in comparison with four methacrylate-based composites after being immersed in different staining solutions such as coffee, black tea, red wine, orange juice, and coke, and distilled water as control group. | 2013 | 22993112 |
| planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | efficient clean-up is indispensable for preventing matrix effects in multi-residue analysis of pesticides in food by liquid and gas chromatography (lc and gc) coupled to mass spectrometry (ms). high-throughput planar solid phase extraction (htpspe) was recently introduced as a new clean-up concept in residue analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables (c. oellig, w. schwack, 2011 [45]). thin-layer chromatography (tlc) was used to completely separate pesticides from matrix compounds and to foc ... | 2012 | 22981507 |
| incompatibility between propericiazine oral solution and tea-based drink. | here, we studied the incompatibility between an oral solution of propericiazine (pcz), an antipsychotic drug, and various commercially available bottled tea-based drinks. when 0.5 ml of the pcz oral solution (10 mg/ml) was mixed with 16.5 ml of a tea-based drink (such as green tea, oolong tea, and black tea), the residual pcz content declined to approximately 50% in some mixed solutions. after mixing with other tea-based drinks, the residual pcz content declined to approximately 30%, while in ot ... | 2012 | 22976331 |
| new phenolic compounds from camellia sinensis l. fermented leaves. | two new phenolic compounds (1 and 2, named as teasperol and teasperin, respectively) were isolated from fermented tea (camellia sinensis l.) products, together with known phenolic compounds. teasperol (1) was isolated from chinese traditional post-fermented tea leaves (liu-pao tea) and teasperin (2) was from a japanese tea product which was selectively fermented with aspergillus sp. the chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated based on the analyses of their spectroscopic data. | 2013 | 22972630 |
| coffee and tea consumption and risk of lung cancer: a dose-response analysis of observational studies. | results from the recent meta-analysis suggested a favorable effect of green tea consumption and risk of lung cancer, while no significant association was found between black tea consumption and risk of lung cancer. besides, a significantly positive association was found between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer. however, the relationship of green tea and coffee consumption is unclear. thus the dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and multivariate rand ... | 2012 | 22964413 |
| determination of cd (ii), cu (ii), and pb (ii) in some foods by faas after preconcentration on modified silica gels with thiourea. | this study describes preconcentration method for determination of cd (ii), cu (ii), and pb (ii) in some food samples. silica gel was modified with thiourea and characterized by ir and c, h, n, s elemental analysis. modified silica gel was used as a solid phase extraction for determination of cd (ii), cu (ii) and pb (ii) in tuna fish, biscuit, black tea, rice, kaşar cheese, honey, tomato paste, and margarine samples. the analytical conditions including eluent type, ph of sample solutions, flow ra ... | 2012 | 22924612 |
| dermal delivery by niosomes of black tea extract as a sunscreen agent. | the primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using niosomes as a delivery vehicle for the dermal administration in vitro of black tea extract (bte) as a sunscreen. | 2013 | 22913389 |
| synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from camellia sinensis. | the development of the biological synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms or plant extracts plays an important role in the field of nanotechnology as it is environmentally friendly and does not involve any harmful chemicals. in this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaves extract of chinese tea from camellia sinensis is reported. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem ... | 2012 | 22904632 |
| green and black tea intake in relation to prostate cancer risk among singapore chinese. | tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. to date, observational data from prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk are sparse and equivocal. in a population-based, prospective cohort study of chinese men in singapore, we investigated the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk. | 2012 | 22864870 |
| changes of growth, photosynthesis and alteration of leaf antioxidative defence system of tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] seedlings under aluminum stress. | tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] is an aluminum (al) hyperaccumulator plant and is commercially important due to its high content of antioxidants. although al induced growth is well-known for the plants growing in acid soil, yet the cause underlying the stimulatory effect of al has not been fully understood. to investigate the possible role of al in growth induction, we studied morphological, physiological as well as biochemical changes of tea plant under different al concentrations (0-4,0 ... | 2012 | 22850809 |
| green tea polyphenols for the protection against renal damage caused by oxidative stress. | green tea, prepared from the leaves of camellia sinensis l., is a beverage that is popular worldwide. polyphenols in green tea have been receiving much attention as potential compounds for the maintenance of human health due to their varied biological activity and low toxicity. in particular, the contribution of antioxidant activity to the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress has been focused upon. therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gal ... | 2012 | 22844338 |
| polymeric black tea polyphenols modulate the localization and activity of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated kinases in mouse skin: mechanisms of their anti-tumor-promoting action. | polymeric black tea polyphenols (pbps) have been shown to possess anti-tumor-promoting effects in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. however, their mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. in this study, mechanisms of pbp-mediated antipromoting effects were investigated in a mouse model employing the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa). compared to controls, a single topical application of tpa to mouse skin increased the translocation of protein kinase c (pkc) from cytoso ... | 2012 | 22841871 |
| evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and black tea: a comparative in vitro study. | the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extracts of green tea and black tea leaves (camellia sinensis) against the denaturation of protein in vitro. the test extracts at different concentrations were incubated with egg albumin under controlled experimental conditions and subjected to determination of absorbance to assess the anti-inflammatory property. diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. the present results exhibited a concen ... | 2012 | 22837963 |
| green tea and its major polyphenol egcg increase the activity of oral peroxidases. | oral peroxidases (opo) consist mainly of salivary peroxidase and myeloperoxidase and are involved in oral defense mechanisms. salivary peroxidase is synthesized and secreted by salivary glands, whereas myeloperoxidase is found in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which migrate into the oral cavity at gingival crevices. green tea is the world's second most popular drink after water. polyphenols are the most biologically active group of tea components. the purpose of our study was to elucidate the int ... | 2013 | 22836624 |
| coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of swedish women. | coffee and black tea contain a mixture of compounds that have the potential to influence breast cancer risk and survival. however, epidemiologic data on the relation between coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer survival are sparse. | 2012 | 22836509 |
| black tea polyphenols reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppress cancer invasion and proteases in human oral cancer cells. | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (emt) in cancer cells is considered to be a prerequisite for acquiring invasive/migratory phenotype and subsequent metastasis. this study provides molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of black tea polyphenol extracts (bte), which contain polyphenols including gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin-3-gallate, and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, in an an oral squamous cell culture system by showing a nea ... | 2012 | 22827697 |
| natural products: a safest approach for obesity. | obesity is recognized as a social problem, associated with serious health risks and increased mortality. numerous trials have been conducted to find and develop new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources to minimize adverse reactions associated with the present anti-obesity drugs. the use of natural products as medicine has been documented for hundreds of years in various traditional systems of medicines throughout the world. this review focuses on the medicinal plants such as achyranthus asp ... | 2012 | 22821661 |
| l-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through enos phosphorylation. | consumption of tea (camellia sinensis) improves vascular function and is linked to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. endothelial nitric oxide is the key regulator of vascular functions in endothelium. in this study, we establish that l-theanine, a non-protein amino-acid found in tea, promotes nitric oxide (no) production in endothelial cells. l-theanine potentiated no production in endothelial cells was evaluated using griess reaction, no sensitive electrode and a no specific fluoresc ... | 2013 | 22819553 |
| a six-month crossover chemoprevention clinical trial of tea in smokers and non-smokers: methodological issues in a feasibility study. | chemoprevention crossover trials of tea can be more efficient than parallel designs but the attrition and compliance rates with such trials are unknown. | 2012 | 22800470 |
| nutritional and functional characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in turkey. | seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by çaykur tea processing plant (rize, turkey), were examined for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, and water-soluble vitamins as well as total phenolic content, various antioxidant assays, phenolics (flavanols, alkoloids, condensed phenolics, and phenolic acids), chlorophylls, and carotenoids. some variations, albeit to different extents, were observed (p < 0.05) ... | 2012 | 22800200 |
| chemopreventive potential of the tannase-mediated biotransformation of green tea. | green tea (camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. the cancer chemopreventive qualities of green tea have been well documented. epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is often described as the most potently chemopreventive green tea catechin; however, the low bioavailability of egcg is a limiting factor for its biological effect. thus, the aim of this work was to test the chemopreventive potential of green tea extract and egcg after tannase-mediated hydrolysis. the ... | 2012 | 25683407 |
| tea consumption is inversely associated with weight status and other markers for metabolic syndrome in us adults. | tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage, and laboratory and some intervention studies have indicated the potential health benefits of hot tea. the present study examines the association between tea consumption (evaluating hot and iced tea independently) and markers for metabolic syndrome adults in a sample of 6,472 who participated in the 2003-2006 national health and nutrition examination surveys. | 2013 | 22777108 |
| evaluation of black tea polyphenol extract against the retrogradation of starches from various plant sources. | the effects of black tea polyphenol extract (btpe) on the retrogradation of starches from different plant sources were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and x-ray diffraction (xrd). dsc analysis shows that the gelatinization temperature of maize starch and starches from different rice varieties increased with increasing btpe level. after storage at 4 °c, btpe at a concentration of 15% markedly retarded the retrogradation of maize starch and starches from different rice variet ... | 2012 | 22772810 |
| the use of teetaimed in estonia, 1880s-1990s. | this research contributes to a better understanding of the criteria used for the selection of plants for making beverages. worldwide, not only the leaves of camellia sinensis, but also various other plants are used for making tea. we argue that the selection of plants for making tea (in estonian teetaimed) depends on specific features possessed by or attributed to the plants. 54 plant taxa and one lichen were identified as being used for making tea, based on the analysis of estonian historical h ... | 2012 | 22772044 |
| construction of cdna library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags from tea plant [camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze]. | tea is the most popular non-alcoholic and healthy beverage across the world. the understanding of the genetic organization and molecular biology of tea plant, which is very poorly understood at present, is required for quantum increase in productivity and efficient use of germplasm for either cultivation or breeding program. single-pass sequencing of randomly selected cdna clones is the most widely accepted technique for gene identification and cloning. in the present study, a good quality cdna ... | 2012 | 22759521 |
| effect of mangrove tea extract from ceriops decandra (griff.) ding hou. on salivary bacterial flora of dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mangrove tea on salivary bacterial flora in dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. tea from mangrove plant ceriops decandra was administered against dmba induced buccal pouch carcinoma in hamster rats. the chemical constitutions and quality of mangrove tea is similar with the commercial tea camellia sinensis. the hamster rats were painted thrice a week with dmba in their right buccal pouch, and also administrated orally with 1.2 ... | 2011 | 22754013 |
| inhibition of uvb-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer: a path from tea to caffeine to exercise to decreased tissue fat. | oral administration of green tea, black tea, or caffeine (but not the decaffeinated teas) inhibited ultraviolet b radiation (uvb)-induced skin carcinogenesis in skh-1 mice. studies with caffeine indicated that its inhibitory effect on the atr/chk1 pathway is an important mechanism for caffeine's inhibition of uvb-induced carcinogenesis. the regular teas or caffeine increased locomotor activity and decreased tissue fat. in these studies, decreased dermal fat thickness was associated with a decrea ... | 2013 | 22752580 |
| inhibition of eph receptor-ephrin ligand interaction by tea polyphenols. | tea contains a variety of bioactive chemicals, such as catechins and other polyphenols. these compounds are thought to be responsible for the health benefits of tea consumption by affecting the function of many cellular targets, not all of which have been identified. in a high-throughput screen for small molecule antagonists of the epha4 receptor tyrosine kinase, we identified five tea polyphenols that substantially inhibit epha4 binding to a synthetic peptide ligand. further characterization of ... | 2012 | 22750215 |
| evaluation of dextrose water, black tea and orange juice on histopathologic recovery of surgery-induced intestinal damage in rabbits. | the increase in intestinal permeability following damage to the intestinal mucosa in any surgical procedure, trauma or fasting is well- known. | 2012 | 24350105 |
| black tea polyphenols induce human leukemic cell cycle arrest by inhibiting akt signaling: possible involvement of hsp90, wnt/β-catenin signaling and foxo1. | tea polyphenols have potent biological activities against human cancer cells. a major causative factor in malignancies is disregulation of cell-cycle kinetics. in this study, we observed that black tea polyphenols, theaflavins (tf) and thearubigins (tr) induced cell-cycle arrest at the g(0) /g(1) phase in human leukemic u937 and k562 cells. our objective was to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of cell-cycle inhibition by tf and tr. during elucidation, we observed that both tf and tr ... | 2012 | 22715906 |
| evaluation of oral subchronic toxicity of pu-erh green tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) extract in sprague dawley rats. | pu-erh green tea, originally produced in the yunnan province of p.r. china for about 1700 years, is believed to be beneficial to health in asian countries. the potential toxicity of pu-erh green tea when administered at high doses via concentrated extract, however, has not been completely investigated. | 2012 | 22710291 |
| regular black tea habit could reduce tobacco associated ros generation and dna damage in oral mucosa of normal population. | tobacco and tea habit are very common in world wide. in the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of regular drinking of black tea on reactive oxygen species (ros) generation and dna damage in buccal cells of normal subjects with or without tobacco habit. expression of ros associated proteins iκb, nf-κb as well as dna repair associated proteins p53, mlh1 were also analyzed. exfoliated buccal cells were collected from 308 healthy individuals and classified according to age, to ... | 2012 | 22705326 |
| a minireview of analytical methods for the geographical origin analysis of teas (camellia sinensis). | chemical compositions in tea leaves are influenced by their growing surrounding, and the content of these components are related to the quality of teas. the determination of the concentration of chemical composition in teas will predict the ranking of teas and indicate the geographical origins. this overview concerns an investigation of analytical methods that are being used for the determination of the geographical origin of tea. the analytical approaches have been subdivided into three groups: ... | 2012 | 22698268 |
| tea consumption and the risk of overall and grade specific prostate cancer: a large prospective cohort study of scottish men. | tea may be a potentially modifiable and highly prevalent risk factor for the most common cancer in men, prostate cancer. however, associations between black tea consumption and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies have been inconsistent, limited to a small number of studies with small numbers of cases and short follow-up periods and without grade-specific information. we conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,016 men who were enrolled in the collaborative cohort study between 1970 and 1 ... | 2012 | 22697604 |
| medicinal flowers. xxxiii. anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of chakasaponins i-iii and structure of chakasaponin iv from flower buds of chinese tea plant (camellia sinensis). | effects of principal saponins, chakasaponins i-iii, from the flower buds of camellia sinensis cultivated in fujian province, china on plasma triglyceride (tg) and glucose levels in olive oil or sucrose-loaded mice were examined. chakasaponins i-iii at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited increases in plasma tg and glucose levels. furthermore, they prevented gastric emptying, suggesting that the former inhibitory effect is partly dependent on the inhibition of gastric emptying. in addition, t ... | 2012 | 22689407 |
| triterpene saponins with hyaluronidase inhibitory activity from the seeds of camellia sinensis. | the meoh extract of the seeds of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze gave twelve new saponins (1-12) along with ten known saponins (13-22). these saponins (1-22) showed stronger hyaluronidase inhibitory activity than the positive control, rosmarinic acid. | 2012 | 22689399 |
| black tea and blood pressure: did the blood pressure fall or rise? | | 2012 | 22688998 |
| determination of theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in tea by high performance- liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. | a method of precolumn derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) for the determination of theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in tea was established. o-phthalaldehyde (opa) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) were chosen as the derivatization reagents. the effects of teapolyphenol (tp), proline (pro) and vitamin c (vc) on derivatization yields were investigated. the results indicated that vc not only stabilized the stock solution of opa, but also enhanced the yield of gaba de ... | 2012 | 22679834 |
| discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated cad/cam blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing. | this study determined the discoloration of five cad/cam resins, four manually polymerized resins, and glass-ceramic as control group. specimens were divided into three groups (n=300, n=30) to be stored in coffee, black tea and red wine (n=10). the discoloration was measured using a spectrophotometer after 1, 7, 29, 90, 180 days storage. all tested groups showed color change (δe) at all time points. the manually polymerized resin composites gd (gradia) and cm (cronmix k), and the cad/cam resin co ... | 2012 | 22673470 |
| herb-drug interactions: an overview of systematic reviews. | the aim of this overview of systematic reviews (srs) is to evaluate critically the evidence regarding interactions between herbal medicinal products (hmps) and synthetic drugs. | 2013 | 22670731 |
| green tea (camelia sinensis) mediated suppression of ige production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic asthmatic humans. | recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated the suppression of immunoglobulin e (ige) production by green tea extract (gte) in u266 cells. however, the effects of gte or one of its components (egcg) on ige production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) are unknown. pbmc (1.5 × 10⁶) obtained from serum ige+, allergic asthmatic patients, were cultured ± gte (1-100 ng/ml) or purified egcg (0.5-50 ng/ml), and ige levels were determined on day 10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ... | 2012 | 22670643 |
| therapeutic attenuation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis by black tea theaflavin in chronic mptp/probenecid model of parkinson's disease. | neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical parkinson's disease (pd). this study focused on the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of theaflavin (tf), a black tea polyphenol against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. c57bl/6 male mice were treated with 10 doses of mptp (25 mg/kg, s.c.) and probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 ... | 2013 | 22669749 |
| tiadinil, a plant activator of systemic acquired resistance, boosts the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that attract the predatory mite neoseiulus womersleyi in the tea plant camellia sinensis. | plants respond with various defense mechanisms to pathogenic or herbivorous attack. some chemicals called plant activators that induce the plant defense response against pathogens have been commercially used to protect plants. here we studied the effects of tiadinil (tdl) on defense mechanisms against herbivores. tdl suppresses pathogenic fungi on tea leaves by inducing defense mechanisms. we used one of the major trophic systems in tea consisting of the herbivorous mite, tetranychus kanzawai, a ... | 2012 | 22669277 |
| determination of essential and non-essential elements in various tea leaves and tea infusions consumed in turkey. | tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. thus, the chemical components in tea are of great interest, especially in relation to health. in this study, 12 tea samples (10 black, 1 white and 1 green) and 5 herbal tea samples were purchased from supermarkets in izmir, turkey. sample preparation has been performed using wet and microwave digestion procedures. the elemental content (fe, zn, cu, mn, ni, na and k) in the digests and infusions has been analysed. generally, elemental content ... | 2012 | 24779742 |
| evaluation of ultrasound and light sources as bleaching catalysts - an in vitro study. | to evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with high concentration agents, varying the catalyst sources and exposure times. | 2012 | 22645732 |
| flavor characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in turkey. | seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by çaykur tea processing plant (rize, turkey), were compared for their differences in descriptive sensory analysis (dsa), aroma-active compounds (volatile compounds), and taste-active compounds (sugar, organic acid, and free amino acid compositions). ten flavor attributes such as 'after taste', 'astringency', 'bitter', 'caramel-like', 'floral/sweet', 'green/grassy', 'hay-like', 'malt ... | 2012 | 22642545 |
| theaflavin ameliorates behavioral deficits, biochemical indices and monoamine transporters expression against subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced mouse model of parkinson's disease. | evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is a pathological hallmark of parkinson's disease (pd). the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of theaflavin (tf) on oxidative stress, monoamine transporters and behavioral abnormalities in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced neurodegeneration. tf, a black tea polyphenol, has been known to possess neuroprotective effects ag ... | 2012 | 22634505 |
| polyphenolic compounds are novel protective agents against lipid membrane damage by α-synuclein aggregates in vitro. | cumulative evidence now suggests that the abnormal aggregation of the protein α-synuclein (αs) is a critical factor in triggering neurodegeneration in parkinson's disease (pd). in particular, a fundamental pathogenetic mechanism appears to involve targeting of neuronal membranes by soluble oligomeric intermediates of αs, leading to their disruption or permeabilisation. therefore, a model assay was developed in which fluorophore-loaded unilamellar vesicles were permeabilised by soluble oligomers, ... | 2012 | 22634381 |
| effects of sodium fluoride on dna, rna and protein contents in liver of mice and its amelioration by camellia sinensis. | | 2013 | 22594270 |
| hypoglycemic and antilipidemic properties of kombucha tea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. | diabetes has become a serious health problem and a major risk factor associated with troublesome health complications, such as metabolism disorders and liver-kidney dysfunctions. the inadequacies associated with conventional medicines have led to a determined search for alternative natural therapeutic agents. the present study aimed to investigate and compare the hypoglycemic and antilipidemic effects of kombucha and black tea, two natural drinks commonly consumed around the world, in surviving ... | 2012 | 22591682 |
| optimizing the orosensory properties of model functional beverages: the influence of novel sweeteners, odorants, bitter blockers, and their mixtures on (+)-catechin. | the use of flavor-modifying strategies are important to improving the sensory profile of some excessively bitter and astringent functional ingredients, such as (+)-catechin (cat). two bitter blockers (ß-cyclodextrin [cyclo], homoeriodictyol sodium salt [hed]), two sweeteners (sucrose [suc], rebaudioside a [reb]), and two odorants (vanillin [van], black tea aroma [tea]) were assessed for their efficacy at modifying the bitterness and astringency of cat in model aqueous solutions. the intensity of ... | 2012 | 22582876 |
| effect of salt treatment on theanine biosynthesis in camellia sinensis seedlings. | theanine synthetase (ts) is an enzyme involved in theanine biosynthesis in tea plants. recent studies have revealed that theanine biosynthesis, derived from nitrogen metabolism in tea (camellia sinensis l.) plants, could be influenced by salt treatment. we have characterized csts at the molecular and biochemical level. the expression pattern of csts protein was examined by western blot using a self-prepared polyclonal antibody with high specificity and sensitivity. the effect of salt treatment o ... | 2012 | 22579942 |
| slimquick™ - associated hepatotoxicity in a woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin heterozygosity. | green tea (camellia sinensis)-associated hepatotoxicity is reported. however, the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin mz phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated drug-induced liver injury (dili) is unknown. a previously healthy woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin mz phenotype who took slimquick™, an herbal supplement containing green tea extract, developed severe hepatotoxicity requiring corticosteroid treatment. green tea-associated hepatotoxicity is reviewed and alpha-1 antitrypsin mz ... | 2012 | 22567188 |
| identification of drought tolerant progenies in tea by gene expression analysis. | understanding the genes that govern tea plant (camellia sinensis) architecture and response to drought stress is urgently needed to enhance breeding in tea with improved water use efficiency. field drought is a slow mechanism and the plants go through an adaptive process in contrast to the drastic changes of rapid dehydration in case of controlled experiments. we identified a set of drought responsive genes under controlled condition using ssh, and validated the identified genes and their patter ... | 2012 | 22562548 |
| [quality of sleep in students]. | sleep quality is an important factor involved in students' learning process. using different methods, actual studies suggest that complaints about sleep problems are common in young medical students. the aim of this study was to evaluate if is any relation between factors like medium and lifestyle among students of the university of medicine and pharmacy "grigore t popa" from iaşi. the study group included 30 students (2 of them were excluded) who performed a polisomnography, self reported epwor ... | 2015 | 22545485 |
| a shared response of thaumatin like protein, chitinase, and late embryogenesis abundant protein3 to environmental stresses in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | drought poses a significant threat to tree plants including tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] that yields a popular beverage "tea." consequence of drought is heat and salt stress, for which data on molecular response in tree species are not available. the present work analyzed drought-responsive subtracted cdna libraries of tea to identify drought-responsive genes. temporal and spatial gene expression suggested the involvement of chaperones as one of the major mechanisms to protect the plan ... | 2012 | 22543414 |
| csnam-like protein encodes a nuclear localized protein and responds to varied cues in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | abiotic stress possesses serious threat to plant distribution and production. in response to stress, plants induce the expression of many genes that function to protect the cellular machinery from stress-induced damages. these genes are largely regulated by specific transcription factors (tfs). nac family proteins are plant specific tfs implicated in diverse processes including development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. the present work described (i) cloning of csnam-like protein gene ... | 2012 | 22543018 |
| determination of catechins and flavonol glycosides in chinese tea varieties. | a standardised profiling method based on high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet (uv) and mass spectrometric detection (ms) was established to analyse the phenolic compounds of selected tea varieties used for manufacturing of green, black and oolong teas. the composition and content of 24 tea constituents were analysed, including catechins, flavonol and flavones glycosides, phenolic acids and purine alkaloids. each tea variety had a unique chemical profile. the compositi ... | 2012 | 26434273 |
| pyridine metabolism in tea plants: salvage, conjugate formation and catabolism. | pyridine compounds, including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, are key metabolites of both the salvage pathway for nad and the biosynthesis of related secondary compounds. we examined the in situ metabolic fate of [carbonyl-(14)c]nicotinamide, [2-(14)c]nicotinic acid and [carboxyl-(14)c]nicotinic acid riboside in tissue segments of tea (camellia sinensis) plants, and determined the activity of enzymes involved in pyridine metabolism in protein extracts from young tea leaves. exogenously supplied ... | 2012 | 22527843 |
| a review of phytotherapy of acne vulgaris: perspective of new pharmacological treatments. | this review focuses on plants currently used and those with a high potency for the future development of anti-acne products. | 2012 | 22521501 |
| exposure to specific herbal products during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight. | despite the fact that herbal products (hp) are used frequently during gestation worldwide, studies indicate that they may not be free of danger for fetuses. evidence about the safety of hp use during pregnancy and their impact on pregnancy outcomes is currently lacking. | 2015 | 22516883 |
| the effects of green tea polyphenols on drug metabolism. | tea, made from the dried leaves of the plant camellia sinensis theaceae, is a very popular beverage consumed worldwide. recently, green tea extract-based dietary supplements have also been widely consumed for the acclaimed beneficial health effects, such as weight reduction. although tea consumption is considered to be innocuous, the potential interactions between tea polyphenols and drugs have been demonstrated in studies in vitro and in vivo. | 2012 | 22509899 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry: avoidance of artifacts and analysis of caffeine-precipitated sii thearubigins from 15 commercial black teas. | thearubigins are the quantitatively major phenolic compounds in black tea, accounting for some 60-70% of the solids in a typical black tea infusion. maldi-tof mass spectra for caffeine-precipitated sii thearubigins (sii ctrs) from 15 different commercial teas support previous conclusions that sii ctrs are polyhydroxylated oligomers (rather than polymers) of catechins and catechin gallates in redox equilibrium with their quinone counterparts. some 4500 peaks were revealed in a mass range from m/z ... | 2012 | 22509842 |
| mining for ssrs and fdms from expressed sequence tags of camellia sinensis. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) developed from expressed sequence tags (ests), known as est-ssrs are most widely used and potentially valuable source of gene based markers for their high levels of crosstaxon portability, rapid and less expensive development. the est sequence information in the publicly available databases is increasing in a faster rate. the emerging computational approach provides a better alternative process of development of ssr markers from the ests than the conventional metho ... | 2012 | 22493533 |
| effects of ilex latifolia and camellia sinensis on cholesterol and circulating immune complexes in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet. | hypercholesterolaemia is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with ilex latifolia or green tea (camellia sinensis) on the levels of plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and circulating immune complexes in sprague dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet. we demonstrated that daily administration by gavage of i. latifolia or c. sinensis at doses of 1.0 or 2.0 g/ ... | 2013 | 22451380 |
| preparation and application of steeps of tea as new simulations of urine for the performance testing programme of 14c. | (14)c is one of the radionuclides for which the canadian nuclear safety commission has developed performance testing programmes (ptps). during the ptp exercises, clients receive samples of natural urine containing spiked radionuclides, for testing. in these programmes, urine has disadvantages. these include (1) slow collection times from donors, (2) unpleasant smell and (3) potential to transmit diseases. to assist in solving some of these problems, the canadian national calibration reference ce ... | 2012 | 22451164 |
| health-promoting effects of green tea. | green tea is manufactured from the leaves of the plant camellia sinensis theaceae and has been regarded to possess anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. many of the beneficial effects of green tea are related to the activities of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), a major component of green tea catechins. for about 20 years, we have engaged in studies to reveal the biological activities and action mechanisms of green tea and egc ... | 2012 | 22450537 |
| diversity of catechin in northeast indian tea cultivars. | tea (camellia sinensis l.) leaf contains a large amount of catechins (a group of very active flavonoids) which contribute to major quality attributes of black tea. based on morphological characters tea plants were classified as assam, china, and cambod varieties. the present study is an attempt for biochemical fingerprinting of the tea varieties based on catechin composition in green leaf of cultivars grown in northeast india. assam variety cultivars contained the highest level of catechins foll ... | 2012 | 22448135 |
| protective effect of theaflavins on neuron against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells. | theaflavins, the oxidation products of tea polyphenols are important biologically active components of black tea. 6-hydroxydopamine is a pro-parkinsonian neurotoxin. theaflavins could inhibit the auto-oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine in a dose-dependent manner from 0.5 µg/ml to 25 µg/ml. here we investigated the protective effect of theaflavins on 6-hydroxydopamine induced sh-sy5y cells against apoptosis (within this concentration range). it was found that pretreating sh-sy5y cells with 0.5 µg/ml ... | 2012 | 22448094 |
| epicatechin: endothelial function and blood pressure. | epidemiological studies indicate an inverse relationship between flavanol intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease. potential mechanisms include their effects on endothelial function and hypertension. a number of studies have shown that flavanol-rich cocoa reduces blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, whereas black tea may have opposite effects. these results highlight the importance of the different effects of the multitude of phytochemical constituents in these foods and the need fo ... | 2012 | 22440087 |
| a new norisoprenoid and other compounds from fuzhuan brick tea. | fuzhuan brick tea, a kind of dark tea consumed mainly in the border regions of southwestern and northwestern china since the 1860s, is produced from the leaves of camellia sinensis var. sinensis by microbial fermentation. from this special fermented tea, a new norisoprenoid, 3r,9r-oxido-5-megastigmene, was isolated, together with α-linolenic acid, strictin, isovitexin, astragalin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechi ... | 2012 | 22430120 |
| chemical analysis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich red leaf tea (cv. sunrouge). | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf order or crop season on anthocyanins and other chemicals in the anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar 'sunrouge' (camellia sinensis x c. taliensis) by using high-performance liquid chromatography, and to study the effect of 'sunrouge' extract on acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in human neuroblastoma sk-n-sh cells. | 2012 | 22419270 |
| inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by green and white tea and their simulated intestinal metabolites. | by 2034 it is forecast that 5% of the global population will be aged 85 years or over--approximately two and half fold increase on present day figures--which will inevitably lead to an increase in age-associated disorders such as alzheimer's disease. there is mounting evidence that green tea (camellia sinensis) possesses numerous health-promoting properties, and may potentially be beneficial to those suffering from alzheimer's and other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. thes ... | 2012 | 22418730 |
| evaluation of green tea extract as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing. | solutions of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract (gte) in distilled water were evaluated as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing. total of 2%, 3%, and/or 5% gte solutions (2gte, 3gte, 5gte) were used for glazing. distilled water glazed (gdw) and nonglazed shrimp (ng) served as controls. the gte was characterized by measuring color, ph, (o) brix, total phenols, and % antiradical activity. individual catechins were identified by hplc. the freezing time, freezing rate, and e ... | 2011 | 22417550 |
| development of a methodology using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the determination of the carbon isotope ratio of caffeine extracted from tea leaves (camellia sinensis). | compound-specific isotope analysis (csia) of the extracted caffeine can be used to determine the authenticity of the origin of tea. elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (ea-irms), which is widely used to measure the carbon isotope ratio of caffeine, has a strict requirement for the purity of the extracted caffeine. to obtain high-purity caffeine from tea leaves, the conventional extraction process has to be repeated and usually takes about 5-6 h. to improve the measurement of the c ... | 2012 | 22396035 |
| black tea polyphenols inhibit tumor proteasome activity. | tea is a widely consumed beverage and its constituent polyphenols have been associated with potential health benefits. although black tea polyphenols have been reported to possess potent anticancer activities, the effect of its polyphenols, theaflavins on the tumor's cellular proteasome function, an important biological target in cancer prevention, has not been carefully studied. here black tea extract (t5550) enriched in theaflavins inhibited the chymotrypsin-like (ct) activity of the proteasom ... | 2017 | 22351658 |
| epicatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate content in various tea cultivars (camellia sinensis l.) and its in vitro inhibitory effect on histamine release. | it has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate (egcg3″me) and the egcg3″me-rich green tea ( camellia sinensis l.) cultivar 'benifuuki' exhibit antiallergic effects. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various tea leaf catechins on histamine release from murine bone marrow mast cells (bmmc). at a dose of 50 μg/ml, the rank order of histamine release inhibition was observed to be epicatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate (ecg3″me) > gallocatechin-3-o-(3″- ... | 2012 | 22339247 |
| complementary therapies, herbs, and other otc agents: green tea (camellia sinensis). | | 2011 | 22329195 |
| quantitative analysis of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins i-iii and floratheasaponins a-f, in the flower buds of camellia sinensis from different regional origins. | a quantitative analytical method was developed for the determination of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins i-iii (1-3) and floratheasaponins a-f (4-9), found in camellia sinensis (theaceae). the practical conditions for separation and detection of these saponins were established on an ods column with methanol containing 5 mm trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase, and the detection and quantitation limits of the method were estimated to be 1.1-3.8 and 3.5-12.5 ng, respecti ... | 2012 | 22307219 |
| green tea extract alleviates arsenic-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats. | the present work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea (gt, camellia sinensis) leaves against arsenic (naaso₂)-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation production in experimental rats. the treatment with arsenic exhibited a significant increase in some serum hepatic and renal biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea and creatinin ... | 2013 | 22301814 |
| effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the motility and penetrability of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa incubated in the fertilization medium. | epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the major polyphenol in green tea (camellia sinensis) and is known for its antioxidant effects. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of egcg during in vitro fertilization (ivf) on the sperm quality and penetrability into oocytes. in the first experiment, the effects of concentration and incubation period of egcg on the motility and penetrability of spermatozoa were examined. when frozen-thawed spermatozoa were incubated in ivf medium su ... | 2012 | 22299777 |
| isolation and identification of spermidine derivatives in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers and their distribution in floral organs. | recently, tea (camellia sinensis) flowers have attracted increasing interest because of their content of bioactive compounds such as catechins. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of some characteristic compounds in tea flowers. | 2012 | 22298050 |
| post desiccation germination of mature seeds of tea (camellia sinensis l.) can be enhanced by pro-oxidant treatment, but partial desiccation tolerance does not ensure survival at -20°c. | the maximal potential desiccation tolerance (mpdt) of tea (camellia sinensis) seeds has been a matter of debate for decades. here we assessed the ability of tea seeds from three sites in china to germinate after desiccation. desiccation tolerance was greatest in kunming, followed by puer and lincang, with kunming seeds tolerating drying to 8% moisture content (mc), or ∼0.5 water activity (a(w)). such tolerance was observed in lincang seeds only when hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) at 0.5 or 1m was appl ... | 2012 | 22284708 |
| simultaneous determination of polyphenols and major purine alkaloids in greek sideritis species, herbal extracts, green tea, black tea, and coffee by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. | herein, a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 phenolic antioxidants: flavan-3-ols, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechin, a phenolic acid (gallic acid), a hydroxycinnamic acid (chlorogenic acid), flavones (apigenin), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin), and purine alkaloids (caffeine theophylline, theobrom ... | 2012 | 22282422 |
| potential of herbs in skin protection from ultraviolet radiation. | herbs have been used in medicines and cosmetics from centuries. their potential to treat different skin diseases, to adorn and improve the skin appearance is well-known. as ultraviolet (uv) radiation can cause sunburns, wrinkles, lower immunity against infections, premature aging, and cancer, there is permanent need for protection from uv radiation and prevention from their side effects. herbs and herbal preparations have a high potential due to their antioxidant activity, primarily. antioxidant ... | 2011 | 22279374 |
| effects of black tea on blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. | | 2012 | 22271130 |
| turbidimetric and photometric determination of total tannins in tea using a micro-flow-batch analyzer. | both turbidimetric and photometric determinations of total tannins in samples of green and black tea, using a micro-flow-batch analyzer (μfba) were studied. the miniaturized system was formed using photocurable urethane-acrylate resin and ultraviolet lithography technique. the turbidimetric method was based on the precipitation reaction of cu (ii) with tannins in acetate medium at a ph of 4.5. the photometric method was based on the complexation reaction of tannins with ferrous tartrate. the tur ... | 2012 | 22265564 |
| polyphenolic content and comparative antioxidant capacity of flavoured black teas. | the content of selected flavonoids and phenolic acids of 12 commercial flavoured black tea infusions was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization mode. assays for the evaluation of their antioxidant capacity were carried out by cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, folin-ciocalteu assay, cyclic voltammetry and potentiometry. flavonoids were predominantly present as glycosides in the studied infusions. only quer ... | 2012 | 22260547 |
| reduction of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry by dilution of the sample extracts: how much dilution is needed? | in this study, the relationship between matrix concentration and suppression of electrospray ionization (matrix effects) was investigated. ion suppression of pesticides present in quechers extracts was used as an example. residue-free extracts of four different commodities, avocado, black tea, orange, and rocket (arugula), were fortified with 39 pesticides each. for many of the resulting 156 pesticide/matrix combinations, considerable matrix effects were observed if the coextracted matrix of 8 m ... | 2012 | 22243135 |
| potential role of green tea catechins in various disease therapies: progress and promise. | green tea (from the plant camellia sinensis), a beverage whose consumption started 5000 years ago in china, has important biological and pharmacological properties. the beneficial effects of green tea have been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds that are powerful anti-oxidants and free iron scavengers. of all the catechins found in green tea, namely (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), egcg is the most abundant ... | 2012 | 22229384 |
| cardiovascular effects of black tea and nicotine alone or in combination against experimental induced heart injury. | the present study was designed to elucidate the outcome of subchronic co-administration of black tea and nicotine on cardiovascular performance and whether these substances could modulate the isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury. animal groups were control, black tea, nicotine and black tea plus nicotine. test groups received nicotine (2 mg/kg s.c.) and black tea brewed (p.o.) each alone and in combination for 4 weeks. on the 28th day, myocardial damage was induced by isoproterenol (50 mg/kg i.p ... | 2012 | 22228381 |
| molecular regulation of catechins biosynthesis in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | catechins are bioprospecting molecules present in tea and any effort towards metabolic engineering of this important moiety would require knowledge on gene regulation. these are synthesized through the activities of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. expression regulation of various genes of these pathways namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (cspal), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (csc4h), p-coumarate:coa ligase (cs4cl), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (csf3h), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (csdfr) and antho ... | 2012 | 22226811 |
| black tea (camellia sinensis) decoction shows immunomodulatory properties on an experimental animal model and in human peripheral mononuclear cells. | black tea (camellia sinensis) has been used as a daily beverage for time immemorial. immunomodulatory effects of tea are recognized as it stimulates the proliferation of cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. anti-inflammatory effects of tea have also been depicted in the available literature. therefore, we designed this study to examine the potential immunemodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of black tea in a rat model and in human peripheral mononuclear cells. | 2012 | 22224056 |