| incidence of human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. | | 1991 | 1901138 |
| resistance to intravenous inoculation of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv in mice of different inbred strains following immunization with a leprosy vaccine based on mycobacterium w. | four strains of mice, namely balb/c, c57bl/6 ncrl (bcgs), c3h/he ncrl and cba/n (bcgr) were experimentally infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (trudeau institute, saranac lake, ny) to induce sub-lethal infection. the level of infection was assessed by screening tuberculin reaction, pulmonary lesions, and viable units of mycobacteria recovered from the lung, spleen and liver. on prior immunization with 10(7) heat-killed suspension of mycobacterium w, an anti-leprosy vaccine currently u ... | 1991 | 1901186 |
| controlled trial of 2, 4, and 6 months of pyrazinamide in 6-month, three-times-weekly regimens for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, including an assessment of a combined preparation of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. results at 30 months. hong kong chest service/british medical research council. | in a study in hong kong 1,386 chinese patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated at random to four 6-month regimens of chemotherapy, all given three times weekly from the start and all containing isoniazid (h) and rifampin (r) throughout. three contained streptomycin (s) for the first 4 months and pyrazinamide (z) for 2 months (z2), 4 months (z4), or 6 months (z6); the fourth contained pyrazinamide for 6 months but no streptomycin (z6nos). every dose of all four re ... | 1991 | 1901199 |
| assessment of a daily combined preparation of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in a controlled trial of three 6-month regimens for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. singapore tuberculosis service/british medical research council. | in a study in singapore 310 patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated at random to daily chemotherapy with streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide (1) for 2 months (2shrz), (2) for 1 month (1shrz), or (3) for 2 months without streptomycin (2hrz). this was followed for all patients by three times weekly isoniazid and rifampin to a total duration of 6 months. during the initial period of daily chemotherapy the patients were also allocated at random to be ... | 1991 | 1901200 |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for treating drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | this report describes two patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis who were successfully treated with the addition of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to second-line drugs. mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a beta-lactamase contributing to its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. the combination of clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, and amoxicillin has been shown bactericidal for m tuberculosis in vitro. these data suggest that resistant tuberculosis may warrant a trial of treatm ... | 1991 | 1901260 |
| tuberculous pleural effusion. twenty-year experience. | we reviewed the records of 1,738 cases of tuberculosis seen during the period from 1968 to 1988 in mobile, alabama. seventy cases of tuberculous pleural effusion were identified and constituted 4.9 percent of all disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis during this period. tuberculous pleural effusion was diagnosed if the patient had m tuberculosis cultured from sputum, pleura, or pleural fluid and had a roentgenographic pleural effusion without an alternative explanation for the presence of th ... | 1991 | 1901261 |
| human neutrophils, activated with cytokines or not, do not kill virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 1991 | 1901338 |
| brain biopsy in tuberculoma: the risks and benefits. | in developing countries, 5 to 8% of the space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system are tuberculomas. diagnosis can be difficult in the absence of extracranial tuberculosis; computed tomography is suggestive only. to assess the value of brain biopsies in tuberculomas, the records of 15 patients aged 6 to 80 years were reviewed. histological confirmation was obtained in 15 patients, and acid-fast bacilli were cultured from 12 patients. intracranial hypertension was the principal sign in ... | 1991 | 1901395 |
| mechanism of t-cell activation by mycobacterial antigens in inflammatory synovitis. | earlier studies demonstrated enhanced proliferative responses to an acetone precipitable mycobacterium tuberculosis (ap-mt) antigenic complex by t lymphocytes from the synovial fluid, compared with the peripheral blood, of patients with inflammatory synovitis, including rheumatoid arthritis. in contrast, decreased proliferation and interleukin 2 (il-2) production in response to mitogens by synovial fluid lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been demonstrated. in order to deter ... | 1991 | 1901422 |
| [in vitro experiment showing that chemotherapy of tuberculosis by aminoglycoside antibiotics may influence successive chemotherapy with rifampicin]. | when mycobacterium tuberculosis strain h37rv was cultivated in ogawa egg medium containing 5 micrograms/ml streptomycin and/or 10 micrograms/ml kanamycin, which were considered as subinhibitory, it was observed that growing bacterial population contained several times more rifampicin-resistant mutants than did the parent strain. the ratio of isoniazid-resistant mutants did not change by the above treatment. the finding suggests that, even without the use of rifampicin, the bacterial population o ... | 1991 | 1901613 |
| site-specific integration of mycobacteriophage l5: integration-proficient vectors for mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and bacille calmette-guérin. | mycobacteriophage l5, a temperate phage of mycobacteria, integrates site-specifically into the mycobacterium smegmatis chromosome. we have identified the int gene and attp site of l5, characterized the chromosomal attachment site (attb), and constructed plasmid vectors that efficiently transform m. smegmatis through stable site-specific integration of the plasmid into the bacterial genome. these integration-proficient plasmids also efficiently transform slow-growing mycobacteria such as the path ... | 1991 | 1901654 |
| tuberculous pleural effusions: increased culture yield with bedside inoculation of pleural fluid and poor diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase. | a prospective study of 111 adult patients with a pleural effusion was carried out in an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis to compare the yield of bedside with laboratory inoculation of pleural fluid, and the yield and speed of a radiometric mycobacterial culture system (bactec) with that of conventional culture. the use of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis was also evaluated. in the 62 cases of tuberculosis confirmed histologically or b ... | 1991 | 1901672 |
| killing of intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis by receptor-mediated drug delivery. | p-aminosalicylic acid (pas) conjugated to maleylated bovine serum albumin (mbsa) was taken up efficiently through high-affinity mbsa-binding sites on macrophages. binding of the radiolabeled conjugate to cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages at 4 degrees c was competed for by mbsa but not by pas. at 37 degrees c, the radiolabeled conjugate was rapidly degraded by the macrophages, leading to release of acid-soluble degradation products in the medium. the drug conjugate was nearly 100 times as eff ... | 1991 | 1901694 |
| evidence that vesicles containing living, virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium in cultured human macrophages are not acidic. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium multiply in cultured human macrophages (mp) within membrane-enclosed vesicles. these vesicles are generally assumed to be acidic. the evidence most frequently cited for this assumption is that pyrazinamide, which requires an acid ph to be effective, is effective and streptomycin, which loses most of its activity at a low ph, is poorly effective against tubercle bacilli. this assumption was tested by using the two weak bases chloroquine and nh4cl ... | 1991 | 1902198 |
| [a method of detecting tubercle bacilli in sputum]. | tubercle bacilli were injected intravenously to mice after dusts were injected into their subcutaneous tissue. out of 23 kinds of dusts tested, a quartz dust enhanced most the growth of mycobacteria injected intravenously in mice. based on this a mixture of the sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and finely powdered crystalline silica was inoculated subcutaneously into the flanks of mice. growth of tubercle bacilli was demonstrated occasionally for the sputum specimens from smear-po ... | 1991 | 1902535 |
| killing of mycobacterium tuberculosis within human monocytes: activation by cytokines and calcitriol. | human monocytes were isolated and their ability to harbour growth of virulent tubercle bacilli was assessed, in the presence or absence of various immunomodulators. calcitriol (1,25(oh2), vitamin d3) alone, at doses of 10(-7)-10(-9) m endowed human monocytes with a significant ability to restrict intracellular growth of the tubercle bacilli. crude immune lymphokines as well as recombinant interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) endowed monocytes with no tuberculostatic activity. similarly, other recombinan ... | 1991 | 1902761 |
| a dna primer/probe system for the rapid and sensitive detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex pathogens. | a 1.5 kb ecori-bamhi restriction fragment from mycobacterium tuberculosis was found to hybridize specifically with genomic dna from m. tuberculosis-complex organisms. primers were designed from the terminal sequences of this fragment and used to amplify uniquely m. tuberculosis-group dna in a polymerase chain reaction. it is suggested that a combination of these primers and probe will prove a useful tool for the early diagnosis of tuberculous infections. | 1991 | 1903132 |
| proliferative response to seven affinity purified mycobacterial antigens in eight strains of inbred mice. | this study compares the t-cell-stimulating ability of different mycobacterial antigens. the responses to crude culture filtrates and seven affinity-purified antigens were investigated in eight strains of inbred mice. large differences in the stimulating abilities of the antigens were observed, and four antigens were found to give a powerful t-cell stimulation. some antigens divided the strains into high and low responders, while a 17-kda antigen was found to be exceedingly t-cell stimulatory in ... | 1991 | 1903143 |
| structural features of the arabinan component of the lipoarabinomannan of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the recent availability of pure lipoarabinomannan (lam) from mycobacterium spp. has resulted in its implication in host-parasite interaction, which events may be mediated by the presence of a phosphatidylinositol unit at the reducing end of lam. herein we address the structure of the antigenic, nonreducing end of the molecule. through the process of 13c nmr analysis of the whole molecule and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of alditol acetates derived from the differential per-o-alkylated li ... | 1991 | 1903393 |
| [the use of antioxidants in the complex therapy of patients with infiltrating pulmonary tuberculosis]. | clinical and laboratory investigations examined the possibility of a lower load of antibacterial drugs (abd) in combination with the two antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol and sodium thiosulfate, in combined therapy of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. higher efficacy of two abds supplemented by two antioxidants than three or more abds was evidenced by a shorter period of sputum negativity (1.6 +/- 0.26 and 2.7 +/- 0.27 months; p less than 0.01) and higher rates of cavity closure (9 ... | 1991 | 1903529 |
| [the use of a bacteriological method to detect an exacerbation in patients with cirrhotic tuberculosis of the lungs]. | | 1991 | 1903530 |
| [the use of chicken embryos for culturing l-form of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | | 1991 | 1903531 |
| [determination of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide by radiometric method]. | | 1991 | 1903532 |
| [effects of isoniazid and rifampicin on cell elements of cultured intact pulmonary tissue from experimental animals]. | | 1991 | 1903533 |
| diversity in antigen recognition by mycobacterium tuberculosis-reactive t cell clones from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. | in a previous study we have shown that synovial fluid mononuclear cells from many rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients exhibit an enhanced response to m. tuberculosis antigens as compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the 65-kda heat-shock protein of m. tuberculosis was shown not to play an important role in this response, therefore other mycobacterial proteins must be involved. in this study we have investigated the possibility that synovial fluid t cells from ra patients predominantly r ... | 1991 | 1903707 |
| proteins released from mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth. | proteins secreted from mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth are believed to be important for protective immunity against tuberculosis. we have investigated the growth of m. tuberculosis in an enriched liquid medium. the release of isocitrate dehydrogenase from the bacilli served as a marker of autolysis and was observed during the late logarithmic growth phase. the release of proteins during the culture period was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-p ... | 1991 | 1903768 |
| memory t cell-mediated resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in innately susceptible and resistant mice. | the memory t cell immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was examined in strains of mice which vary in their natural susceptibility to mycobacterium bovis bcg infection. naturally susceptible (ns) c57bl/6 and naturally resistant (nr) b6d2 f1 hybrid mice were infected with a sublethal dose of m. tuberculosis and then given antibiotic therapy beginning 2 weeks postinfection. t cells from both strains of mice transferred significant levels of resistance to syngeneic mice challenged ... | 1991 | 1903771 |
| modulation of experimental autoimmunity: treatment of adjuvant arthritis by immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus. | live recombinant vaccinia viruses, expressing antigens from pathogenic microorganisms, are studied for their use as vaccines designed for the protection against infectious diseases. infections with these vaccinia virus recombinants, expressing proteins or epitopes from viruses, parasites, or bacteria, have resulted in the development of specific neutralizing antibodies or cytotoxic t lymphocytes. here, we describe the generation of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the mycobacterial 65-kda ... | 1991 | 1903772 |
| evaluation of xp-1: a new medium to culture mycobacteria in smooth form. | | 1991 | 1903990 |
| revised structure of a trehalose-containing immunoreactive glycolipid of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry as well as various chemical degradations and chromatographic techniques were used to re-examine the structure of a highly immunoreactive glycolipid previously described in mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain canetti) as a 2,3-diacyl trehalose 2'-sulfate (labelled sl-iv). ion exchange chromatography allowed the recognition of a neutral and an acidic glycolipid, indistinguishable on conventional silica gel. the neutral ... | 1991 | 1904042 |
| genetic analysis of superoxide dismutase, the 23 kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the gene encoding a 23 kilodalton protein antigen has been cloned from mycobacterium tuberculosis by screening of a recombinant dna library with monoclonal antibodies. the product of the gene has been identified as the superoxide dismutase (sod) of m. tuberculosis on the basis of sequence comparison and by expression of the recombinant protein in a functionally active form. the derived amino acid sequence of m. tuberculosis sod reveals a close similarity to manganese-containing sods from other o ... | 1991 | 1904126 |
| fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in patients with and without the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | all bellevue hospital cases from a recent 27-month period whose fine needle aspiration (fna) samples of cervical or supraclavicular masses showed acute and/or granulomatous inflammation were reviewed. the 30 patients included 8 with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 3 with the aids-related complex (arc), 2 with aids risk factors and 17 without known risk factors for aids. of these, mycobacterial infections had been diagnosed in 22 patients: 18 by cultures positive for mycobacterium ... | 1991 | 1904179 |
| evaluation of the avidity of igg anti-mycobacterial antibodies in tuberculous patients serum by an a-60 immunoassay. | a serological test for the detection of circulating igg antibodies against the mycobacterial antigen a60 was used to analyse the avidity of antibodies raised in the serum of tuberculous patients. the avidity of the detected antibodies appeared variable and was quite low in some of them. the effect that this phenomenon has on the determination of antibodies with this test are discussed. | 1991 | 1904365 |
| subcellular distribution of monoclonal antibody defined epitopes on immunodominant mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in the 30-kda region: identification and localization of 29/33-kda doublet proteins on mycobacterial cell wall. | two different groups of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to different epitopes on 30-kda region proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated; mabs 5f9, 5d5 and 5d2 reacted with a single 33-kda protein band, whereas mab 3a8 reacted with a distinct 29/33-kda doublet when analysed by immunoblotting. the present paper describes the distribution of mabs defined epitopes in the 29-33-kda region proteins in well-characterized subcellular fractions: cytosol, plasma membrane, cell wall as we ... | 1991 | 1904624 |
| the immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacteria are worldwide spread and satisfactory vaccines against pathogenic species have not been developed, yet. mycobacteria, inside phagocytic cells, are able to escape humoral attack and maintain viability for long periods of time. t cells are engaged in the activation and regulation of macrophages and subsequently, in the control of mycobacterial growth. it appears that different t cell sets including cd4 alpha/beta t cells, cd8 alpha/beta t cells and gamma/delta t cells are involved in ... | 1991 | 1904709 |
| human gamma/delta t cells responding to mycobacteria. | responses of human t cells against mycobacteria and mycobacterial components were analysed. t cells expressing either the alpha/beta or the gamma/delta t cell receptor were selected from human peripheral blood lymphocytes and proliferative responses to intact mycobacteria and to molecular mass-fractionated mycobacterial lysates were determined. alpha/beta t cells responded primarily to fractions greater than 30 kda. protease digestion abolished the stimulating activities for alpha/beta t cells, ... | 1991 | 1904710 |
| [therapeutic effect of ofloxacin on intractable pulmonary tuberculosis and ofloxacin resistance of tubercle bacilli isolated from the patients. chest disease cooperative study unit of national sanatoriums in kinki district]. | ofloxacin, a synthetic antibacterial pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was used in the treatment of intractable pulmonary tuberculosis. in this study, the therapeutic effect of ofloxacin on pulmonary tuberculosis and ofloxacin resistance were analyzed. all patients had been hospitalized in eight national sanatoria in kinki district, and were excreting tubercle bacilli resistant to various anti-tuberculosis drugs agents. ofloxacin was given to 118 patients orally at a daily dose of 300 mg to 6 ... | 1991 | 1904960 |
| [change in biochemical and biological characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in recent years]. | one hundred strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in 1988-89 from patients who were newly hospitalized in the national chubu hospital were studied on their biochemical and biological characteristics and compared with the strains isolated previously. recently isolated strains showed frequently a much stronger arylsulfatase activity, grew at a higher rate at 42 degrees c, and showed a little stronger niacin production. | 1991 | 1904961 |
| t lymphocyte-synovial fibroblast interactions induced by mycobacterial proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. | an in vitro system was established in which single-cell suspensions of lymphocytes and synovial cells from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were cultured and produced an outgrowth of an organized inflammatory tissue with an extracellular matrix and capsule. the tissue outgrowth, which had histologic features of pannus, required the addition of mycobacterial antigen and interleukin-2 to the tissue culture medium and was dependent upon the presence of t lymphocytes and their intera ... | 1991 | 1905130 |
| human tuberculosis sera show prominent antibody responses to particulate fractions of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | sera from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and normal control subjects in madras were analyzed by western blotting for their reactivity with soluble and particulate (membrane-rich and cell wall-rich) antigen fractions extracted by sonication from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. discrimination between patient and control sera was best with particulate antigen fractions: 60% of patient sera reacted with a 38-kd antigen band and 90% reacted with a 55-kd band. reactions of control se ... | 1991 | 1905304 |
| [a new method of cultivating mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | the possibility is shown of microcultivation of mycobacteria tuberculosis on semipermeable cellophane membranes covering solid nutrients. the new method of cultivation may be used for enhanced microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, for determination of drug resistance of the tuberculous pathogen as well as for assessment of the biological properties of mycobacteria tuberculosis in live unstained culture. | 1991 | 1905435 |
| [normal rabbit sera. an immunologic and immunohistologic study]. | reported in this paper are results obtained from immunological and immunohistochemical studies into non-immune rabbit sera which were tested for various antimycobacterial antibodies. 11% of the sera were found to be positive by transmigration electrophoresis, while antibodies against mycobacteria were recorded from 94% of all rabbits by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap), an immunohistological technique of higher sensitivity. several owners had kept rabbits together with fowl, which was considered ... | 1991 | 1905568 |
| interferon-gamma-treated murine macrophages inhibit growth of tubercle bacilli via the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates. | murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and their ability to restrict growth of a virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to ifn-gamma was assessed in various conditions. doses of ifn-gamma ranging from 10 to 100 u stimulated high levels of antimycobacterial activity, as seen by inhibition of growth. addition of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and other scavengers of reactive oxygen species before infection failed to abrogate this restriction of growth, suggestive of a lack of involv ... | 1991 | 1905984 |
| measurement of antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation using 5-bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation. an easy and low cost alternative to radioactive thymidine incorporation. | the classical in vitro assay for the determination of cell mediated immune responses is the lymphocyte transformation test (ltt) in which cell proliferation is measured by incorporation of radioactive labeled thymidine (3h-tdr). the ltt assay using 3h-tdr is less suited for modestly equipped laboratories as it is costly, laborious and involves the need to handle radioactive isotopes and specialized equipment. here we describe an improved alternative ltt method which is capable of detecting speci ... | 1991 | 1906076 |
| lipoprotein antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | detergent phase separation and metabolic labelling have been used to screen for the presence of lipoproteins amongst the antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. both techniques indicated that four antigens, with subunit molecular weights of 19, 26, 27 and 38 kilodaltons (kda), are lipoproteins. this finding is consistent with the presence of conserved cysteine residues characteristic of other bacterial lipoproteins within the amino terminal sequences of the 38 kda and 19 kda proteins. it is prop ... | 1991 | 1906192 |
| location of the mycolyl ester substituents in the cell walls of mycobacteria. | the question of the precise location of mycolic acids, the single most distinctive cell wall entity of members of the mycobacterium genus, has now been addressed. the free hydroxyl functions of the arabinogalactan component of the mycobacterial cell wall were o-methylated under conditions in which the mycolyl esters were not cleaved. subsequent replacement of the mycolyl functions with o-ethyl groups resulted in an acid- and base-stable differentially o-alkylated surrogate polysaccharide, more a ... | 1991 | 1906464 |
| [the clinical value of mycobacterium tuberculosis with different biological properties]. | the main biological properties (including viability, drug resistance and virulence) of mycobacterium tuberculosis, identified in 180 newly-diagnosed patients with different forms of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and living in leningrad, north-western and extreme northern regions, were studied as compared with those identified in 40 patients with chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. the viability of m. tuberculosis by their growth and mass increase rates has a prognostic importance an ... | 1991 | 1906617 |
| [the effect of an ozone-oxygen mixture on mycobacterium tuberculosis and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms]. | the impact of a gaseous ozone-oxygen mixture (oom) on mycobacterium tuberculosis (mbt) and opportunistic microorganisms was studied. it was demonstrated that on 15- and 30-min exposure, oom caused a significant decrease in the number of colonies of the grown microorganisms as compared with the control. the oom mixture produced the highest effect of the mbt suspension, which is likely to be related to a greater surface of ozone contact with a cell than with a dense medium, and higher concentratio ... | 1991 | 1906618 |
| imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives of potential tuberculostatic activity. part 1: synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships. | new derivatives of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 9h-dipyrido-[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole were synthesized. antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis of selected compounds was determined. these data were combined with the corresponding bioactivity data previously generated for two other series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines. analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationships [qsar] was carried out using nonempirical structural descriptors. hydrophobicity of the agents studied was fou ... | 1991 | 1906702 |
| the synergistic effects of gamma interferon and clofazimine on phagocyte function: restoration of inhibition due to a 25 kilodalton fraction from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a 25 kda glycolipoprotein from mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to inhibit phagocyte functions associated with antimicrobial activity. these include the intracellular killing ability, reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium, hydrogen peroxide production and lysosyme release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. the present study undertook to investigate the synergistic effects of gamma interferon and clofazimine on restoring the inhibitory activities of the 25 kda ... | 1991 | 1906725 |
| [polymer-metal complexes of the mycobacterium protein antigen prevent the dissemination of postvaccinal infection in the t-deficiency state]. | primary obtained triple highly immunogenetic complex consists of nonimmunogenic protein antigen, isolated from the bcg, nontoxic polyelectrolyte and bivalent cuprum ions. immunization with this complex provides high immunoprotection in the experimented b mice (t-deficit mice) from lethal dissemination bcg. inoculation of single components of the complex has no protection. result of these experiments suggest that antigen-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained on the basis of nonimmunogenic protein fr ... | 1991 | 1906761 |
| effect of mycobacteria on sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor. | unlike mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis is not found inside cells other than macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells in vivo, yet previous work has revealed that in vitro it readily enters all cell lines tested. moreover, these cells are not killed by the intracellular mycobacteria. we report here that when fibroblasts take up live (but not killed) m. tuberculosis h37rv, they develop greatly increased sensitivity to the toxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) whether the cel ... | 1991 | 1906841 |
| a localization index for distinction between extracellular and intracellular antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a series of mycobacterial antigens were quantified by immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, or sds-page with immunoblotting using antisera against purified mycobacterial antigens. the antigens showed a characteristic distribution profile. some had a marked quantitative dominance in the culture fluid while others had a marked dominance in sonicates of whole washed bacilli. the majority of the antigens tested could thus be located and grouped as either secreted or cytoplasmic ... | 1991 | 1906925 |
| identification of mycobacteria in routine. | | 1991 | 1907057 |
| airborne infection. theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation. | of 67 office workers 27 (40%) had documented tuberculin skin test conversions after an estimated 4-wk exposure to a coworker with cavitary tuberculosis. worker complaints for more than 2 yr before the tuberculosis exposure prompted investigations of air quality in the building before and after the tuberculosis exposure. carbon dioxide concentrations in many parts of the building were found to be above recommended levels, indicating suboptimal ventilation with outdoor air. we applied a mathematic ... | 1991 | 1907115 |
| characterization of prominent protein antigens from mycobacteria. | detailed analysis of mycobacterial proteins originally identified by their prominent interaction with the host immune system reveals a number of interesting biochemical characteristics. m. tuberculosis antigens with molecular weights of 71, 65 and 12 kilodaltons (kd) belong to highly conserved heat shock protein families. a group of closely related antigens with molecular weights around 30 kd are major secreted antigens which share the ability to bind to fibronectin. antigens with molecular weig ... | 1991 | 1907209 |
| [identification of twenty-eight species mycobacteria with their cellular fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography]. | cellular fatty acid (fa) of 28 species of mycobacteria were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (gc). there were more than sixty volatile fa before c12:0 have no any difference between species both in quality and quantity. the identification scheme of mycobacterium based on cellular fa was presented here. according to this scheme, all the tested species could be divided into 8 groups by the fa peak height order of c18:1, c18:0 and tbsa which were quite stable; after that, 17 species (60%) m ... | 1991 | 1907418 |
| [resistance to pyrazinamide in tuberculosis patients]. | | 1991 | 1907498 |
| genotypic identification of pathogenic mycobacterium species by using a nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe. | commercial dna hybridization assays (syngene, inc., san diego, calif.) utilizing alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex (mac) were evaluated with 261 isolates of mycobacteria. on the basis of biochemical criteria, the test for mac was 98% specific and more sensitive (95 of 99, 95%) than gen-probe (88 of 99, 89% sensitivity); the major difference in sensitivity noted between the two systems was related ... | 1991 | 1907612 |
| disinfection practices for endoscopes and other semicritical items. | to determine the disinfection practices employed by north carolina hospitals for endoscopes and other semicritical patient care items and to discuss minimally acceptable disinfection procedures for these items. | 1991 | 1907625 |
| association of hematuria and mycobacterial infection. | hematuria has been noted to be a presenting symptom of urinary tuberculosis. in the last few decades because of the decreasing incidence of tuberculosis in the united states, the association of tuberculosis and hematuria has been neglected. now that the incidence of tuberculosis is again on the rise, it is timely to remind the medical community of this association. we present 3 children with hematuria associated with positive tuberculin tests. mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the uri ... | 1991 | 1907885 |
| differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg by a polymerase chain reaction assay. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis are closely related species which carry different numbers of the repetitive dna element is6110. a polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to assess the copy number of is6110 in a strain and thereby differentiate these two important human pathogens. | 1991 | 1908051 |
| [clinical forms of tuberculosis of the internal genital organs in women and the principles of their ambulatory observation]. | | 1991 | 1908081 |
| [comparative study of the effect of preservatives on the viability of the mycobacterium populations]. | a radioisotope method was applied to study preservative properties of the transportation medium and the cultural one-- chlorhexidine bigluconate was used at varying exposures. advantages of the transportation medium over 0.2% chlorhexidine bigluconate were demonstrated using academia h37rv and bov-8 strains for the purpose. | 1991 | 1908082 |
| [identification of mycobacterium and mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | the identification results of 3530 mycobacterium strains isolated from a clinical material from tuberculosis patients are presented. 3219 (91.17%) of the strains are classified as m. tuberculosis and 331 (8.83%) as nontuberculous, containing, generally, m. fortuitum group. (96 or 2.71% of the cases). most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria had no clinical value. mycobacteriosis caused by these mycobacteria was diagnosed in 6 patients. biochemical identification tests allowed one to specify the s ... | 1991 | 1908083 |
| rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis with a dot enzyme immunoassay to detect antibody in cerebrospinal fluid. | a simple dot enzyme immunoassay (dot-eia) was carried out to detect antibody to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens from 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (tbm). the assay gave a positive reaction in all ten patients with culture proven tbm. in 30 culture negative patients with tbm, the assay was positive at a titre of 1:16 in 18 patients. in 40 patients with non-tuberculous neurological diseases (control group) the assay was ... | 1991 | 1908383 |
| source of tubercle bacilli in cervical lymph nodes: a prospective study. | a prospective study searching for associated mycobacterial infection of the upper aerodigestive tract in patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (tbln) was carried out. one hundred and thirteen patients with a clinical suspicion of cervical tbln were included. all patients had a physical examination of the upper aerodigestive tract. routine endoscopy and biopsy of the nasopharynx were performed. all of them had surgery to the cervical lymph node. seventy-five patients had histologically ... | 1991 | 1908506 |
| [25 years progress in tubercule bacillus research--report of tuberculosis panels in silver jubilee of the japan-u.s. cooperative medical science program]. | | 1991 | 1908535 |
| [a study on drug resistance of newly admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients. part 1. prevalence of drug resistance according to the sensitivity test at local laboratories, and its trend over 25 years in japan. tuberculosis research committee, (ryoken)]. | as a part of the epidemiological surveillance for the resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, successive surveys of the prevalence of resistance to tuberculosis drugs were conducted by tuberculosis research committee "ryoken". the prevalence of drug resistance according to the sensitivity test at local laboratories was reported as follows from the results of the ninth survey conducted in 1982. 1. in 1957, the percentage of the patients without history of previou ... | 1991 | 1908536 |
| [study of detailed conditions in dna probe test by use of gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for identification of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]. | in order to improve feasibility of technical procedures in gen probe rapid diagnostic system (gen probe inc., san diego, ca, u.s.a.) for identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. tuberculosis complex (mtc), we studied several test conditions in the dna probe testing, such as stability of test bacterial suspension, optimal duration of bacterial cultivation, the number of organisms in test bacterial suspension required for accurate determination, and so on. with respect to concent ... | 1991 | 1908537 |
| mixed mycobacterial infection of cervical lymph nodes. | | 1991 | 1908571 |
| analysis of circulating immune complexes (cic) in tuberculosis: levels of specific antibody and antigens in cic and relationship with serum antibody. | eighty sera from tuberculosis (tb) patients, 16 indian and 10 american control sera were analyzed by elisa for relative titres of antibody against mycobacterial antigens. levels of specific antibody and mycobacterial ag in circulating immune complexes (cic) isolated from these sera were also studied. all these parameters were found to be elevated in tb sera as compared to control sera. maximum increase was however noted in cic specific antibody titres. a good correlation was observed between ser ... | 1991 | 1908690 |
| antibiotic ge2270 a: a novel inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis. i. isolation and characterization. | a novel antibiotic, ge2270 a, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of planobispora rosea. the product was found to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. structural characteristics showed similarities between ge2270 a and thiazolyl peptides such as micrococcin which is known to inhibit protein synthesis by acting directly on the ribosome. despite this similarity ge2270 a showed functional analogy to kirromycin-like antibiotics and pulvomycin, as its molecular target was found to be ... | 1991 | 1908853 |
| isolation of two antigens from the culture filtrates of mycobacterium tuberculosis and their applications in the laboratory diagnosis of the tuberculous meningitis. | two antigens were isolated from the culture filtrates of h37ra mycobacterium tuberculosis by immunoabsorbent affinity chromatography, m. tuberculosis antigen 5 and immunoabsorbent affinity column-purified antigen (iap). the potential application of these two mycobacterial antigens in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. iap antigen was more sensitive than antigen 5, although antigen 5 wa ... | 1991 | 1908940 |
| experience of tuberculosis in immigrants from south east asia--implications for the imminent lease back of hong kong. | we have undertaken a retrospective survey of patients of south east asian ethnic origin (sea), presenting with tuberculosis (between 1980 and 1989) while resident in the liverpool district. of 708 notifications in the 10-year period, 42 (6%) were sea patients mainly from hong kong or mainland china. a total of 22 (52%) of the sea patients presented with an extrapulmonary site of disease. drug resistance was present in 11% of those for whom sensitivity results were available. rates of disease in ... | 1991 | 1909045 |
| tuberculosis of the ribs--a report of three cases. | | 1991 | 1909046 |
| tuberculosis in saudi arabia: initial and secondary drug resistance among indigenous and non-indigenous populations. | resistance to six anti-mycobacterial agents rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, p-amino salicylic acid and cycloserine was studied. variations in the resistance pattern among saudi, non-saudi and a stable national guard king khalid hospital (ngkkh) population were investigated. a high percentage of relapse cases, 21%, was recorded. among the ngkkh population this figure was much lower, 9.9%. resistance to rifampicin alone was high at 7.2% followed by streptomycin 3.3%, isoniazid 1.8 ... | 1991 | 1909061 |
| activities of pefloxacin and ofloxacin against mycobacteria: in vitro and mouse experiments. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of strains (mic90) of ofloxacin against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium xenopi was 2 mg/l. this was three dilutions lower than that of pefloxacin and was well within the range of drug concentrations achievable in man. the antituberculosis activities of both quinolones were independent of resistance of the strains to other antimycobacterial agents. mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was resistant to both compounds with mic90s greater than ... | 1991 | 1909062 |
| [mycobacterial antigens and their diagnostic value]. | | 1991 | 1909077 |
| [the action of helium-neon laser radiation on the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | the growth properties of m. tuberculosis subjected to the action of helium-neon laser radiation was studied. laser radiation was shown to change the quantitative and qualitative composition of mycobacterial population. disturbances in the viability of mycobacteria appear as a consequence of changes in the morphological structure of mycobacterial cells. the maximum effect of helium-neon laser radiation was achieved after the irradiation of m. tuberculosis culture on days 2-3 after inoculation. th ... | 1991 | 1909078 |
| new insights into the immunopathology of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is characterised by fever, weight loss and necrosis in both lesions and tuberculin skin test sites (koch phenomenon), although the antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis are not directly toxic to the tissues. the tissue damage appears to be due to several interacting factors. first, m. tuberculosis induces an immunoregulatory disorder of which a raised percentage of agalactosyl igg is a marker. this is seen also in rheumatoid arthritis and crohn's disease and is associated with tiss ... | 1991 | 1909140 |
| gamma/delta t cell receptor positive t cells in the inflammatory joint: lack of association with response to soluble antigens. | in patients with inflammatory synovitis, the proliferative response by lymphocytes from synovial fluid to soluble mycobacterial antigens is enhanced relative to those from peripheral blood. earlier studies suggested that gamma/delta t cell receptor positive (tcr+) t lymphocytes may significantly contribute to the mycobacterial-specific synovial fluid response. we therefore examined the relationship of the t cell proliferative response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and the presence of ga ... | 1991 | 1909213 |
| natural antibodies to 65 kd mycobacterial heat shock protein in rats do not correlate with susceptibility for mycobacterium tuberculosis induced adjuvant arthritis. | natural antibodies to 65 kd heat shock protein (hsp65) of mycobacterium bovis were found in the sera of lewis rats. the levels of these natural hsp65 antibodies differed substantially between the individual rats. each rat was subsequently tested for its susceptibility to develop arthritis following injection of m. tuberculosis in incomplete freund adjuvant. it was found that the incidence and severity of the induced arthritis did not differ between groups of lewis rats with relatively high and r ... | 1991 | 1909299 |
| novel structure of the reca locus of mycobacterium tuberculosis implies processing of the gene product. | a fragment of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna containing reca-like sequences was identified by hybridization with the escherichia coli reca gene and cloned. although no expression was detected from its own promoter in e. coli, expression from a vector promoter partially complemented e. coli reca mutants for recombination, dna repair, and mutagenesis, but not for induction of phage lambda. this clone produced a protein which cross-reacts with antisera raised against the e. coli reca protein and wa ... | 1991 | 1909321 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for identification of mycobacteria from early cultures. | a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the identification of cultured mycobacteria belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the mycobacterium avium complex, and mycobacterium kansasii has been developed (r. schöningh, c. p. h. j. verstijnen, s. kuijper, and a. h. j. kolk. j. clin. microbiol. 28:708-713, 1990). the test for the routine identification of cultured mycobacteria was introduced in five clinical laboratories located in tanzania, thailand, vietnam, and the ne ... | 1991 | 1909344 |
| host determinants of susceptibility to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | susceptibility to tuberculosis is determined by a number of host factors and may vary according to characteristics of the infecting strain. native resistance is probably mediated via the macrophage and is under genetic control. other factors that contribute to native resistance are nutrition, associated disease states, age, and sex. acquired resistance is mediated via macrophages and controlled by t-helper cells. the ability of an activated macrophage to phagocytize and kill virulent tubercle ba ... | 1991 | 1909453 |
| the value of flexible bronchoscopy in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. | the value of 121 flexible bronchoscopy (fb) procedures was evaluated in 54 children, aged three months to 14 years, suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis. specimens from fb were culture-positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis in seven of the 13 bacteriologically confirmed cases. bronchial abnormalities consistent with the diagnosis were found in 31 of 54 cases. separate or coexistent findings at initial fb included airway compression (20 cases), granulation tissue (ten cases), and obstructi ... | 1991 | 1909618 |
| use of a reamplification protocol improves sensitivity of detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples by amplification of dna. | we have compared the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative mycobacterial culture against results obtained by using the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of dna from organisms of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 82 clinical specimens from patients suspected of having tuberculosis. two amplification protocols were used, a standard amplification protocol, which amplifies a segment of the gene coding for the 65-kda antigen, and a protocol in which the initial amplification p ... | 1991 | 1909710 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and antimycobacterial antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis. | inhibition elisa and indirect elisa was standardised to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and antimycobacterial antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens of 75 patients with tuberculous meningitis, (tbm) and 75 patients with non-tuberculous neurological diseases (control group). in both elisas, no false-negative results were observed in 15 culture proven patients with tbm. detection of m. tuberculosis antigen 5 is more sensitive than detection of antimycobacterial antibody. howev ... | 1991 | 1909754 |
| [identification of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by gen-probe rapid diagnostic system]. | dna probe testing for mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) was performed using gen-probe rapid diagnostic system (gen-probe inc., san diego, calif., u.s.a.). by dna probe test carried out blindfold for 48 mycobacterial strains with code numbers obtained from kyoto university (prof. f. kuze), 13, 7, and 5 strains were identified as to be m. avium, m. intracellulare, and mtc, respectively. the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of this ... | 1991 | 1909765 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis. | | 1991 | 1909847 |
| enhanced isolation of mott on egg media of low ph. | the influence of alternative carbon sources, i.e. glycerol and pyruvate, and medium ph on the growth of 33 mycobacterial strains, including mott (n = 18), m. tuberculosis (tbc) (n = 14) and bcg, was experimentally studied. this was followed by culturing of clinical specimens (n = 4706) on three medium versions for primary isolation of mycobacteria. the decrease of medium ph below 6.5 enhanced the growth of isolated strains of m. avium complex (mai) and m. malmoense. pyruvate had a further benefi ... | 1991 | 1909878 |
| isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning of a specific mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen gene: identification of a species-specific sequence. | a rabbit polyclonal antiserum exhibiting a specific recognition pattern for mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins was used to screen an m. tuberculosis genomic library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. one clone, denominated c1:10, expressed m. tuberculosis-specific determinants as part of a large fusion protein with beta-galactosidase. the gene for this protein has been sequenced, and it encodes a protein of 134 amino acids (13.8 kda) which did not display significant homology wit ... | 1991 | 1909999 |
| absence of igg or igm antibody response to mycobacterium tuberculosis 30,000-da antigen after primary tuberculous infection. | | 1991 | 1910072 |
| guinea-pig alveolar macrophages kill mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, but killing is independent of susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide or triggering of the respiratory burst. | alveolar macrophages from the lungs of guinea-pigs that had been vaccinated, boosted and then intravenously challenged with mycobacterium microti or mycobacterium bovis bcg killed tubercle bacilli phagocytosed in vitro. the killing was modest, about 40% of phagocytosed bacilli were killed in a day, but alveolar macrophages from animals that had been vaccinated and boosted but had not received the intravenous challenge did not kill bacilli. different strains of tubercle bacilli had different degr ... | 1991 | 1910142 |
| the mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate pathway genes: evolutionary relationship between biosynthetic and catabolic 3-dehydroquinases. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate pathway genes designated arob and aroq encoding 3-dehydroquinate synthase and 3-dehydroquinase, respectively were isolated by molecular cloning and their nucleotide sequences determined. the deduced dehydroquinate synthase amino acid sequence from m. tuberculosis showed high similarity to those of equivalent enzymes from prokaryotes and filamentous fungi. surprisingly, the deduced m. tuberculosis 3-dehydroquinase amino acid sequence showed no similarity t ... | 1991 | 1910148 |
| direct diagnosis of tuberculosis by computer assisted pattern recognition gas chromatographic analysis of sputum. | chemical detection of tuberculosis (tb) products in sputum was attempted by using gas chromatographic analysis in conjunction with different pattern recognition computer models. for the chromatographic separations, we used a 2 mm x 1.8 m packed column and a 0.25 mm x 30 m fused silica capillary column to analyse the methylated glycosides and fatty acid methyl ester derivatives. three computer pattern recognition methods were applied: error score, tb score and discriminant analysis. these methods ... | 1991 | 1912724 |
| potential application of dot-immunobinding assay as a rapid diagnostic test in tuberculous meningitis. | a simple dot-immunobinding assay (dot-iba) in nitrocellulose paper was developed for the detection of specific igg antibody to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis (tbm). the assay gave 77.1% sensitivity for the detection of igg antibody to m. tuberculosis antigen 5 and 48.6% sensitivity for the detection of mycobacterial antigen in patients with tbm. | 1991 | 1916940 |
| rapid serodiagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis. | immune complexes (ics) were isolated from sera of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (pt), non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and healthy control subjects by polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation method. specific mycobacterial antibody in ics was tested against an affinity purified mycobacterial antigen by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (cie). the results show that specific mycobacterial antibodies are present only in ics of patients with pt (70%). therefore cie could be used as a sim ... | 1991 | 1916942 |
| tuberculosis: a disease of the 1990s. | in the united states, the decades preceding the 1980s were characterized by a decline in the incidence of tuberculosis. more recently, the trend has undergone a significant reversal: case rates have been increasing by 3% to 6% annually. in 1990, more than 25,700 cases were reported to the centers for disease control. in a sense, tuberculosis is adapting to the '90s. the recent increase in its incidence tends to affect populations with identifiable characteristics. among the most important of the ... | 1991 | 1918197 |