| degradation of streptomyces metalloprotease inhibitor (smpi) by neutral protease from bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus. | the zinc-containing neutral endopeptidase (neutral protease: banp) from bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus was inhibited by the proteinaceous metalloprotease inhibitor isolated from streptomyces nigrescens (smpi). the degree of inhibition was, however, significantly less than that for thermolysin (tln). during incubation of banp with smpi, the inhibitor was proteolytically degraded and inactivated. analysis of the digestion products suggested that a minor diversity in their substrate spec ... | 1992 | 1368840 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the structural gene for alkaline serine protease from alkaliphilic bacillus sp. 221. | the gene encoding an alkaline serine protease from alkaliphilic bacillus sp. 221 was cloned in escherichia coli and expressed in bacillus subtilis. an open reading frame of 1,140 bases, identified as the protease gene was preceded by a putative shine-dalgarno sequence (aggagg) with a spacing of 7 bases. the deduced amino acid sequence had a pre-pro-peptide of 111 residues followed by the mature protease comprising 269 residues. the alkaline protease from alkaliphilic bacillus sp. 221 had higher ... | 1992 | 1368952 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the structural gene for a thermostable alkaline protease from bacillus sp. no. ah-101. | alkaliphilic bacillus sp. no. ah-101 produces an extremely thermostable alkaline serine protease that has a high optimum ph (ph 12-13) and shows keratinolytic activity. the gene encoding this protease was cloned in escherichia coli and expressed in b. subtilis. the cloned protease was identical to the ah-101 protease in its optimum ph and thermostability at high alkaline ph. an open reading frame of 1083 bases, identified as the protease gene, was preceded by a putative shine-dalgarno sequence ( ... | 1992 | 1369007 |
| isolation and characterization of macrocarpals b--g antibacterial compounds from eucalyptus macrocarpa. | six novel phloroglucinol dialdehyde diterpene derivatives (macrocarpals b--g), which have antibacterial activity, were isolated from leaves of eucalyptus macrocarpa. these compounds have closely related structures, the molecular formula for b--f being c28h40o6, and that of g being c28h38o5. the structures of macrocarpals b, d, and g were analyzed by means of nmr analyses. | 1992 | 1369057 |
| nucleotide sequence of the subtilisin nat gene, aprn, of bacillus subtilis (natto). | | 1992 | 1369081 |
| secretory expression of a glutamic-acid-specific endopeptidase (spase) from staphylococcus aureus atcc12600 in bacillus subtilis. | in order to obtain a large quantity of glutamic-acid-specific endopeptidase of staphylococcus aureus atcc12600 (spase) without cultivating its pathogenic host bacterium, expression plasmids enabling secretion of spase from bacillus subtilis were constructed by inserting the spase gene into b. subtilis-escherichia coli shuttle vectors. b. subtilis harbouring a simple recombinant plasmid containing the coding and the 5'-flanking regions of spase in the shuttle vector phy300plk secreted 22 mg/l of ... | 1992 | 1369143 |
| selection and characterization of alpha-amylase-overproducing recombinant escherichia coli containing the bacterial hemoglobin gene. | we previously reported that the presence of the bacterial (vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene enhances alpha-amylase production in recombinant escherichia coli strain mk79. using the growth of mk79 on starch as a selective method we have produced a mutant strain (bsc9) that produces up to four times as much alpha-amylase as mk79. both mk79 and bsc9 produce the most alpha-amylase (per cell and per milliliter) in the stationary phase; almost all of the enzyme is intracellular in both strains. modificat ... | 1992 | 1369145 |
| improving the production of e. coli beta-lactamase in bacillus subtilis: the effect of glucose, ph and temperature on the production level. | bacillus subtilis has been considered a promising host for the production of foreign proteins. however, proteases released by the host organism can often cause rapid breakdown of secreted heterologous proteins. here we report that the addition of 6% glucose and 100 mm potassium phosphate to the growth medium significantly reduces the degradation of e. coli tem beta-lactamase secreted from b. subtilis, when applying an expression system based on b. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. the yield of be ... | 1992 | 1369153 |
| production of antimicrobials by bacillus subtilis mir 15. | we report the isolation and characterization of a strain of bacillus, designed mir 15, which appears to produce and excrete antimicrobials active against gram-negative bacteria, but not against fungi. b. subtilis mir 15 varied its antimicrobial profiles and production with the cultivation temperature. | 1992 | 1369158 |
| molecular cloning and expression of bacillus subtilis bgls gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a 2.7-kb ecori dna fragment carrying a bacillus subtilis endo-beta-1,3-1, 4-glucanase gene (bgls) from the e. coli plasmid pfg1 was cloned into an escherichia coli/yeast shuttle vector to construct a hybrid plasmid ycsh. the hybrid plasmid was used to transform saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the bgls gene was expressed. variation between levels of bgls gene expression in s. cerevisiae was about 2.3-fold, depending on the orientation of the 2.7-kb dna fragment. assay of substrate specificity and o ... | 1992 | 1369198 |
| regulated expression of heterologous genes in bacillus subtilis using the tn10 encoded tet regulatory elements. | the escherichia coli-derived tet regulatory elements from tn10 have been used to construct vectors allowing the regulated, inducible, high-level expression of foreign genes in bacillus subtilis. while the wild-type tet promoters are inactive in b. subtilis, a synthetic mutant tet sequence with improved promoter consensus sequences and upstream poly a blocks shows activity in b. subtilis. the expression of an indicator cat gene is inducible by sublethal amounts of tetracycline, indicating that th ... | 1990 | 1369298 |
| a molecular model for illegitimate recombination in bacillus subtilis. | the recombinant dna junctions at which pub110 and bacillus subtilis chromosomal dna were joined to form the plasmid pkbt1 were cloned and sequenced. from the sequencing data we conclude that the pub110 sequence is intact in the pair of cloned pkbt1 fragments and ptl12 sequences are not present. a molecular model for the formation of pkbt1 based on structural motifs characteristic of the joint sites is presented. | 1991 | 1369322 |
| stimulation of the onset of sporulation of clostridium perfringens type a by netropsin and distamycin. | the basic peptide antibiotics, netropsin and distamycin, previously shown to inhibit sporulation of bacillus subtilis, stimulated low levels of sporulation of clostridium perfringens strain nctc 8798 at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.1 microgram/ml respectively. most sporulating cells produced in the presence of the antibiotics were defective. these were blocked at stage iii of sporulation, and many possessed forespores exterior to the sporangium. the same antibiotics could also inhibit the caffein ... | 1992 | 1369407 |
| the dna sequence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase gene of bacillus subtilis (natto) plasmid puh1. | the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-gtp) gene of bacillus subtilis (natto) plasmid designated puh1, which is responsible for polyglutamate production, has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the sequence contains a single open-reading frame stretching for 1260 bp with a relative molecular mass of 49,356. putative -35 and -10 sequences, ttcaaa and tattat, were observed as the consensus sequence for the promoter recognized by the sigma 43 rna polymerase of b. subtilis, and the ... | 1992 | 1369479 |
| isolation and characterization of the groes and groel genes of bacillus subtilis marburg. | the complete set of groes and groel gene homologues from bacillus subtilis marburg 168 was identified, cloned, and characterized. the nucleotide sequence indicated the presence of two open reading frames corresponding to the groes and groel genes. the presumptive groes and groel proteins were calculated to be polypeptides of 10,175 and 57,175 da, respectively, and showed extensive sequence similarities with the known groes and groel proteins of escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis. a ... | 1992 | 1369494 |
| mrna analysis of the adc gene region of clostridium acetobutylicum during the shift to solventogenesis. | by using primer extension analysis, we located the transcription start point of the acetoacetate decarboxylase (adc) gene of clostridium acetobutylicum 90 nucleotides upstream from the initiation codon with a as the first transcribed nucleotide. from this site the promoter structure tttact(18 bp)tataat was identified; it shows high homology to the consensus sequences of gram-positive bacteria and escherichia coli. northern blot experiments revealed a length of 850 bases for the transcript of the ... | 1992 | 1370288 |
| purification and properties of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase from bacillus subtilis (natto). | to understand the mechanism by which gamma-polyglutamic acid (gamma-pga) in the sticky material of natto was synthesized, we purified the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-gtp) (ec 2.3.2.2) from the culture broth of bacillus subtilis (natto) to homogeneity. gamma-gtp was composed of two subunits with molecular weight of 45,000 and 22,000. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of light subunit was homologous with that of gamma-gtp from escherichia coli. the optimum ph and temperature of activity w ... | 1991 | 1371053 |
| small cytoplasmic rna of bacillus subtilis: functional relationship with human signal recognition particle 7s rna and escherichia coli 4.5s rna. | small cytoplasmic rna (scrna; 271 nucleotides) is an abundant and stable rna of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis. to investigate the function of scrna in b. subtilis cells, we developed a strain that is dependent on isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside for scrna synthesis by fusing the chromosomal scr locus with the spac-1 promoter by homologous recombination. depletion of the inducer leads to a loss of scrna synthesis, defects in protein synthesis and production of alpha-amylase ... | 1992 | 1372600 |
| spovg sequence of bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis. | we have sequenced the stage v sporulation specific gene spovg in both bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis. the open reading frames encode polypeptides of 96 and 97 residues, respectively, and have an 88.6% amino acid identity. both genes have putative rho-independent terminators. no significant amino acid or nucleotide homology of either gene was found when compared with sequences contained in either the genbank or embl data bases. | 1992 | 1373326 |
| nucleotide sequences of serine trnas from bacillus subtilis. | three b. subitilis serine trnas were sequenced including modified nucleosides. all the serine trnas contained 1-methyl-adenosine in the d-loop. as other characteristic modified nucleosides, 5-methoxyuridine was found in the first letter of the anticodon in the trna(uga). | 1992 | 1373329 |
| expression of bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase and vibrio alginolyticus protease a fusion genes. | previously we reported [deane, s. m., maharaj, r., robb, f. t. & woods, d. r. (1987) journal of general microbiology 133, 2295-2302] that the production of a vibrio alginolyticus sds-resistant alkaline serine protease (pro a) cloned in escherichia coli was characterized by a 12 h delay between the synthesis of an inactive precursor and secretion of active pro a. replacement of the v. alginolyticus promoter region by the alpha-amylase promoter region from bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulted in th ... | 1992 | 1373436 |
| phylogenetic relationships between the western aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism and other prokaryotes established by 16s rrna gene sequence. | restriction fragments containing the 16s rrna gene of the western aster yellow mycoplasmalike organism (say-mlo) were identified in southern blots probed with cloned fragments of the western x-disease mycoplasmalike organism 16s rrna gene. two fragments which contained the entire say-mlo 16s rrna gene and flanking dna were cloned in m13 and sequenced. the say-mlo 16s rrna gene is approximately 1,535 bp long, has a g+c content of 47 mol%, and has an overall secondary structure similar to that pro ... | 1992 | 1374622 |
| the influence of ribosome-binding-site elements on translational efficiency in bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli in vivo. | a method is described to determine simultaneously the effect of any changes in the ribosome-binding site (rbs) of mrna on translational efficiency in bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli in vivo. the approach was used to analyse systematically the influence of spacing between the shine-dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon, the three different initiation codons, and rbs secondary structure on translational yields in the two organisms. both b. subtilis and e. coli exhibited similar spacing ... | 1992 | 1375309 |
| transcriptional regulation of bacillus subtilis glucose starvation-inducible genes: control of gsia by the comp-coma signal transduction system. | the bacillus subtilis glucose starvation-inducible transcription units, gsia and gsib, were characterized by dna sequencing, transcriptional mapping, mutational analysis, and expression in response to changes in environmental conditions. the gsia operon was shown to consist of two genes, gsiaa and gsiab, predicted to encode 44.9- and 4.8-kda polypeptides, respectively. the gsib locus contains a single cistron which encodes a protein of unusual structure; most of its amino acids are arranged in f ... | 1992 | 1378051 |
| phenotypes conferred by the bacillus subtilis recm13 mutation and the din23 fusion. | the din23 fusion encodes a b. subtilis sos-inducible regulatory region fused to the e. coli lacz gene (love et al., 1985). a strain encoding the din23 fusion and a recm13 allele showed low-level constitutive beta-galactosidase expression, was induced for beta-galactosidase production by dna gyrase inhibitors but not by dna-damaging agents, and was slightly induced by a variety of agents which do not normally induce the sos regulon. the din23 fusion itself resulted in high levels of spontaneous p ... | 1992 | 1378209 |
| co-ordinate expression of the two threonyl-trna synthetase genes in bacillus subtilis: control by transcriptional antitermination involving a conserved regulatory sequence. | in bacillus subtilis, two genes, thrs and thrz, encode distinct threonyl-trna synthetase enzymes. normally, only the thrs gene is expressed. here we show that either gene, thrs or thrz, is sufficient for normal cell growth and sporulation. reducing the intracellular thrs protein concentration induces thrz expression in a dose-compensatory manner. starvation for threonine simultaneously induces thrz and stimulates thrs expression. the 5'-leader sequences of thrs and thrz contain, respectively, on ... | 1992 | 1379177 |
| in vitro and in vivo analysis of transcription within the replication region of plasmid pip501. | derivatives of the conjugative streptococcal plasmid pip501 replicate stably in bacillus subtilis. the region essential for replication of pip501 has been narrowed down to a 2.2 kb dna segment, the sequence of which has been determined. this region comprises two genes, copr and repr, proposed to be involved in copy control and replication. by in vitro and in vivo transcriptional analysis we characterized three active promoters, pi, pii and piii within this region. a putative fourth promoter (piv ... | 1992 | 1379669 |
| action patterns of amylolytic enzymes as determined by the [1-14c]malto-oligosaccharide mapping method. | a valuable technique for oligosaccharide mapping, utilizing radioactive malto-oligosaccharides, multiple-ascent p.c., and radioautography, has been developed for identifying the action patterns of the glucoamylase isozymes, alpha-amylases, beta-amylase, glucosyltransferase, and glucanosyltransferase. the glucoamylase isozymes act by multi-chain mechanisms on malto-oligosaccharides and most likely on starch and glycogen. the alpha-amylases act endo-wise and randomly hydrolyze alpha-(1----4)- but ... | 1992 | 1379885 |
| interaction of catalytic-site mutants of bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase with substrates and acarbose. | the interactions of the three catalytic-site mutants of bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase/(dn176 [asp-176----asn], eq208 [glu-208----gln] and dn269 [asp-269----asn]) with substrates and a pseudo-oligosaccharide inhibitor, acarbose, have been studied by means of difference absorption spectroscopy and affinity chromatography. the addition of maltopentaose or soluble starch to the inactive mutant enzymes mostly resulted in difference spectra characteristic of tryptophan perturbation, enabling determi ... | 1992 | 1380303 |
| the genotoxicity of organotin compounds in sos chromotest and rec-assay. | in these days pollution by organotin compounds in the environment extends widely and effects on human health are feared. we studied the genotoxicity of various organotin compounds (butyltins, phenyltins, methyltins) and inorganic tin (sncl4), which are present in the environment, with the sos chromotest and the rec-assay. mono-n-butyltin oxide, n-butyltin trichloride and di-n-butyltin dichloride showed high sos-inducing potency in the sos chromotest with escherichia coli pq37. di-n-butyltin dich ... | 1992 | 1381483 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the promoter, 16s rrna and spacer region of the ribosomal rna operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparison with mycobacterium leprae precursor rrna. | mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv has a single rrn (ribosomal rna) operon. the operon was cloned and a region of 1536 nucleotides was sequenced, starting 621 bp upstream from the 5'-end of the 16s rrna coding region and continuing to the start of the 23s rrna coding region. the 16s rrna sequence inferred from the gene sequence was found to differ in one position from mycobacterium bovis (nucleotide 1443) and from mycobacterium microti (nucleotide 427). a single putative promoter was identified on ... | 1992 | 1382114 |
| activity of ribosomal and trna promoters of bacillus subtilis during sporulation. | the rrnb operon in bacillus subtilis includes 21 trna genes downstream of the ribosomal genes. in addition to the dual promoters upstream of these ribosomal genes, a second promoter is found within the trna gene region. in this study, these two promoter regions were inserted before the lacz gene and each was integrated as a single-copy into the b subtilis chromosome to examine their activity during sporulation. both promoters exhibited similar strength and temporal downregulation from vegetative ... | 1992 | 1382619 |
| the dna-binding protein hbsu is essential for normal growth and development in bacillus subtilis. | the hbs operon of bacillus subtilis comprises a single gene which is localized between the spoiva and mtra open reading frames, and is situated at 204 degrees of the standard map of b subtilis. expression of hbs is initiated from two distinct promoters called p1 and p2. the transcription initiation sites have been mapped by primer extension analysis. sequences upstream from p1 show a -35 and -10 region which may be recognized by the vegetative form of rna polymerase e sigma a, whereas sequences ... | 1992 | 1382620 |
| ion channels from the bacillus subtilis plasma membrane incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. | fusion of bacillus subtilis plasma membrane vesicles with planar lipid bilayers induced the appearance of discrete current fluctuations characteristic of ion channels. these channels showed a wide range of conductances and kinetic behaviors. in 300 mm kcl, their conductances ranged from a few hundreds of ps to more than 1 ns, and most of them exhibited several sub-states. the channels poorly discriminated between small univalent anions and cations. some of them showed voltage dependence and most ... | 1992 | 1383039 |
| conserved residues and secondary structure found in small cytoplasmic rnas from thirteen bacillus species. | | 1992 | 1383945 |
| effects of bacillus subtilis spores on interferon production. | | 1992 | 1384021 |
| a patch-clamp study of bacillus subtilis. | in patch-clamp experiments on giant protoplasts of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis, membrane stretch resulted in an initial transient collapse of the membrane resistance, after which stretch-activated, voltage modulated, high-conductance channels could be observed. the channel open probability increased exponentially with applied suction and positive voltage, as a result of variations of both the mean open and the mean closed times. the substate structure and other characteristics ... | 1992 | 1384708 |
| in vivo and in vitro characterization of the seca gene product of bacillus subtilis. | the putative amino acid sequence from the wild-type bacillus subtilis div+ gene, which complements the temperature-sensitive div-341 mutation, shares a 50% identity with the sequence from escherichia coli seca (y. sadaie, h. takamatsu, k. nakamura, and k. yamane, gene 98:101-105, 1991). the b. subtilis div-341 mutant accumulated the precursor proteins of alpha-amylase and beta-lactamase at 45 degrees c as in the case of sec mutants of e. coli. the div-341 mutation is a transition mutation causin ... | 1992 | 1385592 |
| sequence of the bacillus subtilis homolog of the escherichia coli cell-division gene murg. | the bacillus subtilis homology of the escherichia coli murg gene [encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine:n-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol n-acetylglucosamine transferase] was cloned in e. coli k-12 and sequenced. the murg homolog encodes a protein of m(r) 39,936 [363 amino acid (aa) residues] of which 108 aa residues (29.8%) are identical with the e. coli murg product. | 1992 | 1387377 |
| antibiotic-impregnated plaster of paris beads. trials with teicoplanin. | teicoplanin-impregnated plaster of paris beads were made and in vitro release properties were studied. teicoplanin was released in an initial massive dose, with a rapid decline during the first three days, followed by a slowly declining prolonged release up to 30 days. the release tested by diffusion in gelose and high-performance liquid chromatography was found to be 21.4% and 28.2%, respectively, of the amount theoretically present in the beads. plaster of paris is a resorbable, nontoxic bioma ... | 1992 | 1387599 |
| microbiologically monitored fumigation of a newly built spf laboratory rodent facility. | the initial sanitization and sterilization of a newly built animal facility for the breeding and holding of specific pathogen free (spf) rats and mice is described. the fumigation programme was started with methyl bromide treatment directed primarily against arthropods, followed by ammonia spray to kill coccidial oocysts and concluded by three formaldehyde treatments with fog and spray against bacteria and viruses. the practicalities and problems involved are described in detail and the rational ... | 1992 | 1387691 |
| action of neopullulanase. neopullulanase catalyzes both hydrolysis and transglycosylation at alpha-(1----4)- and alpha-(1----6)-glucosidic linkages. | the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by neopullulanase was analyzed. radioactive oligosaccharides were produced when the enzyme acted on maltotriose in the presence of [u-14c]glucose. some of the radioactive oligosaccharides had only alpha-(1----4)-glucosidic linkages, but others were suggested to have alpha-(1----6)-glucosidic linkages. the existence of alpha-(1----6)-glucosidic linkages in the products from maltotriose with neopullulanase was proven by proton nmr spectroscopy and methylat ... | 1992 | 1388153 |
| protecting researchers from instrument biohazards. | the prevention and control of biohazards arising from the use of laboratory instruments have become increasingly important in clinical and research applications. centrifuges can be susceptible to contamination because of intense wear on primary containers (specimen tubes and bottles), worn o-ring container seals, or rotors and buckets lacking tight seals. a recent study by the center for applied microbiology and research, porton down, uk, has determined the biological safety of certain rotors in ... | 1992 | 1389178 |
| 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from pseudomonas putida is homologous to the class ii fumarase family: a new reaction in the evolution of a mechanistic motif. | the gene (pcab) for 3-carboxymuconate lactonizing enzyme (cmle; 3-carboxymuconate cycloisomerase; ec 5.5.1.2) from pseudomonas putida has been cloned into pmg27ns, a temperature-sensitive expression vector, and expressed in escherichia coli n4830. the specific activity and kinetic parameters of the recombinant cmle were comparable to those previously reported. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of cmle with sequences available in the pir and genbank databases revealed that cmle has ... | 1992 | 1390752 |
| readthrough of the bacillus subtilis stop codon produces an extended enzyme displaying a higher polymerase activity. | it has been generally accepted that the structural sacb gene of bacillus subtilis levansucrase encodes a 50,000 da extracellular protein. however, examination of the dna sequence of the sacb flanking regions shows a putative open reading frame coding for a 20 amino acid peptide downstream immediately following the terminal taa stop codon. by site-directed mutagenesis we have changed this stop codon to a glutamine codon. this stop codon readthrough leads to the synthesis and secretion by b. subti ... | 1992 | 1390887 |
| spo0a activates and represses its own synthesis by binding at its dual promoters. | the spo0a protein of bacillus subtilis controls the onset of sporulation by regulating transcription of various genes in both positive and negative manners depending on the promoters affected. the expression of the spo0a gene occurs from two promoters (pv,ps), separated by 148 bp, and transcription switches from pv to ps early in the sporulation program. dnase i footprint analysis of the spo0a promoter region revealed three distinct sites of spo0a binding: -4 to +19 relative to pv, -17 to +1 rel ... | 1992 | 1391039 |
| the interaction between bacillus subtilis sigma-a (sigma a) factor and rna polymerase with promoters. | the p2 promoter from bacillus subtilis sigma-a (sigma a) operon and the strong phi 29 phage g3b promoter were used to study their interactions with free sigma a and with rna polymerase holoenzymes (e sigma a and e sigma 70). no binding of free sigma a to the tested promoters was observed, suggesting that the b subtilis free sigma a does not bind promoter by itself for the initiation of rna transcription. different footprints of b subtilis rna polymerase holoenzyme (e sigma a) on the p2 and g3b p ... | 1992 | 1391041 |
| the effect of supercoiling on the in vitro transcription of the spoiia operon from bacillus subtilis. | the spoiia operon codes for an alternative sigma factor which appears in the early stages of a sigma factor expression cascade during sporulation in bacillus subtilis. we have used a single round in vitro transcription assay to probe requirements for transcription initiation at the spoiia promoter. core rna polymerase or holoenzyme containing sigma a was reconstituted with sigma h protein and used to transcribe the spoiia promoter. formation of heparin resistant transcription initiation complexe ... | 1992 | 1391042 |
| intergenic suppression of stage ii sporulation defects by a mutation in the major vegetative sigma factor gene (rpod) of bacillus subtilis. | the bacillus subtilis intergenic suppressor mutations crsa and rvta, previously shown to restore sporulation competence to a variety of strains containing stage 0 sporulation defects, also suppress lesions in the stage ii sporulation genes spoiif, spoiin and spoiij. they do not rescue sporulation in other stage ii through stage v sporulation mutations. cells containing spoiin, spoiif96 and spoiij::tn917 mutations fail to transcribe spoiid, a late stage ii gene. introduction of crsa47 into spoiin ... | 1992 | 1391043 |
| effect of mutant small, acid-soluble spore proteins containing cysteine or tryptophan on dna properties in vivo and in vitro. | two derivatives of the alpha/beta-type small acid-soluble spore protein (sasp) sspcwt have been constructed, each containing a residue potentially useful for physico-chemical analysis of protein-protein or protein-dna interactions. in one mutant protein (sspctrp) residue 27 (met) was replaced by trp; in the second (sspccys) residue 48 (asn) was replaced by cys. both mutant proteins were expressed in bacillus subtilis spores at levels similar to those of sspcwt, and sspccys and sspctrp restored u ... | 1992 | 1391044 |
| protein filaments may initiate the assembly of the bacillus subtilis spore coat. | the bacillus subtilis spore coat consists of three morphological layers: a diffuse undercoat, a striated inner coat and a densely staining outer coat. these layers are comprised of at least 15 polypeptides and the absence of one in particular, cote, had extensive pleiotropic effects. only a partial inner coat was present on the spores which were lysozyme-sensitive. the initial rate of germination of these spores was the same as for the wild type but the overall optical density decrease was great ... | 1992 | 1391045 |
| early spo gene expression in bacillus subtilis: the role of interrelated signal transduction systems. | the early spo genes are subject to a number of different control mechanisms. we found that at least one histidine kinase, spoiij, is important for the expression of early spo genes but that two others, comp and degs, also affect sporulation, especially when spoiij is absent. this indicates the existence of a signal transduction network which may gather information from several sources to feed into the sporulation pathway. early spo gene expression is inhibited by overproduction of two response r ... | 1992 | 1391046 |
| suppressors of a spo0a missense mutation and their effects on sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | the spo0a gene product of bacillus subtilis is a transcriptional regulator that is required for the initiation of sporulation. it has not been possible to isolate mutations that suppress the sporulation defect caused by spo0a null mutations. we describe the isolation and characterization of mutations that suppress the severe sporulation defect caused by a spo0a missense mutation (spo0a9v). two suppressor mutations, spa2 and spa4, have been characterized in combination with, and separated from, t ... | 1992 | 1391047 |
| the spoiin279(ts) mutation affects the ftsa protein of bacillus subtilis. | the spo-279(ts) mutation, originally thought to be located in the spoiig operon of bacillus subtilis, has been mapped in close proximity but outside of the spoiig locus. this mutation defines a new gene, spoiin, located midway between the spoiig and the spove loci, and whose product is required for successful completion of the asymmetric septation step. the spoiin locus was cloned using a combination of 'walking steps' upstream from the spoiig region and hybridization screening of a bacteriophag ... | 1992 | 1391048 |
| cloning and sequencing of the bacillus megaterium spoiia operon. | the spoiia operon of bacillus megaterium has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the spoiia sequence contains three open reading frames coding for putative proteins of 116 aa, 147 aa, and 253 aa; the first and the third genes are preceded by a ribosomal binding site. the genes are in the same order as those of b subtilis and b licheniformis. the deduced amino acid sequences of these three open reading frames show 78-92% homology with spoiiaa, spoiiab and spoiiac of b subtilis and ... | 1992 | 1391049 |
| use of a new integrational vector to investigate compartment-specific expression of the bacillus subtilis spoiim gene. | the product of the spoiim gene of bacillus subtilis is required for complete septum migration and forespore engulfment during sporulation. to investigate whether expression of spoiim is required in the forespore compartment of the sporangium, we have constructed a new integrational vector, pksv7, which contains temperature-sensitive replication functions derived from pe194ts. the presence of the conditionally defective replication origin greatly stimulates plasmid excision when sporulation occur ... | 1992 | 1391050 |
| evidence that recombination between reiterated sequences in the bacillus subtilis chromosome does not occur via unequal crossing over. | an experimental system was designed to permit the detection of recombination events occurring via unequal crossing over between sister bacterial chromosomes in bacillus subtilis. it exploits the fact that during spore development, genetic and metabolic cooperation occurs between two different cell types, only one of which survives. during the early stages of sporulation, the two chromosomes of the developing sporangiole lie in the same cell and recombination between them is possible, in principl ... | 1992 | 1391051 |
| a bacillus subtilis morphogene cluster that includes spove is homologous to the mra region of escherichia coli. | it is known that there is a strong similarity in amino acid sequence between the products of the escherichia coli morphogenes ftsw (mra region at 2 min) and roda (mrd region at 14 min) and the bacillus subtilis spove protein which is required for spore cortex formation. we show here that the predicted amino acid sequences coded for by the genes flanking spove are homologous to the products of the e coli genes murd and murg, which flank ftsw, and are involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. during ... | 1992 | 1391053 |
| achievement of complete bacillus subtilis microcycle sporulation by the addition of s-adenosylmethionine and phospholipids. | in an attempt to find factors that may be responsible for the initiation of sporulation, a system in which the germination and outgrowth phases were separate was applied to bacillus subtilis. outgrowth of the germinated spores to only the primary singlet cells was followed in chemically defined medium. addition of specific metabolites induced the primary singlet cells to sporulate via microcycle sporulation. experiments are described that led to complete sporulation by the addition of diaminopim ... | 1992 | 1391054 |
| molecular characterization of regulatory elements controlling expression of the bacillus subtilis reca+ gene. | expression of the bacillus subtilis reca gene is induced following dna damage as well as during the development of the competent state. dna damage-induction of the reca gene occurs by a reca-dependent mechanism, whereas competence-induction occurs by a reca-independent mechanism. to examine the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of the reca gene, a deletion analysis of the reca promoter region was performed. a regulatory region that is required for repression of reca expression was ... | 1992 | 1391055 |
| [purification and properties of gtp-cyclohydrolase from bacillus subtilis]. | highly purified gtp-cyclohydrolase was obtained by fractionation of cell extracts with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. the n-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition of the protein were determined. according to sds-page data, the molecular weight of the enzyme is 45 kda. the active enzyme has several isoforms separable by native electrophoresis. the maximal enzyme activity is determined at 1.5 mm mn2+; 70% of enzymatic activity is detected with mg2+. ... | 1992 | 1391211 |
| protein expression from an escherichia coli/bacillus subtilis multifunctional shuttle plasmid with synthetic promoter sequences. | a plasmid shuttle vector (psp10) was designed and constructed to simplify screening of cloned dna and to facilitate expression of the protein products. the plasmid contained the following features: (i) a selection gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; (ii) an indicator gene encoding beta-galactosidase for visual identification of colonies containing dna inserts; (iii) a cloning region immediately upstream from the indicator gene; (iv) origins of replication recognized by both escherichia coli ... | 1992 | 1392613 |
| isolation and structures of antibacterial binaphtho-alpha-pyrones, talaroderxines a and b, from talaromyces derxii. | new compounds designated talaroderxines a (1) and b (2) were isolated from a new heterothallic ascomycetous fungus, talaromyces derxii, cultivated on rice. the structures of 1a and 1b were elucidated by means of spectroscopic examination and chemical reactions. talaroderxines a (1a) and b (1b) are atropisomers of a 6,6'-binaphtho-alpha-pyrone derivative, and have strong antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis. | 1992 | 1394627 |
| gene cloning and characterization of a novel extracellular ribonuclease of bacillus subtilis. | an extracellular nuclease gene of bacillus subtilis was cloned in the same organism by detecting the amplified enzyme activity, which was secreted from the transformant cells on an rna-containing agar medium. an open reading frame encoding 289 amino acids was identified within the cloned fragment. the transcriptional initiation site was determined by nuclease s1 mapping and the promoter region showed similarity to the conserved recognition sequences for the e sigma a and/or e sigma e rna polymer ... | 1992 | 1396690 |
| isolation and complete sequence of the purl gene encoding fgam synthase ii in lactobacillus casei. | the purl gene from lactobacillus casei, encoding phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase ii involved in the de novo synthesis of purines, was cloned and sequenced. the putative purl product of 741 amino acids (m(r) of 79,575) shows 25% and 53% identity to the homologous enzymes from escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, respectively. in addition, partial sequences of two other pur genes (purq and purf) and a possible third gene (purc) were obtained. all these genes are organized in an opero ... | 1992 | 1398079 |
| sequence encoding ribosomal protein l33 of lactococcus lactis. | a cloned fragment from lactococcus lactis chromosome encoding the l33 ribosomal protein was sequenced. two incomplete open reading frames (orfs) were also found: the upstream orf shows similarity to the tetracycline-resistance protein (tet) of bacillus stearothermophilus, and the downstream orf shows homology to a protein of bacillus subtilis participating in sporulation (spove), and to proteins of escherichia coli involved in cell division (ftsw) and the maintenance of cell shape (roda). | 1992 | 1398083 |
| characterization of the streptococcus mutans gs-5 frua gene encoding exo-beta-d-fructosidase. | the complete nucleotide sequence (5,010 bp) of the fructanase gene (frua) and flanking regions of the chromosome of streptococcus mutans gs-5 was determined. the frua gene appears to be the sole transcript arising from a proximal promoter. the presumed precursor of the secreted frua protein consists of 1,423 amino acids, and it has an m(r) of 158,656 and a pi of 4.82. the n terminus of frua has characteristics in common with signal peptides of gram-positive organisms. the c terminus consists of ... | 1992 | 1398976 |
| influence of the sporulation temperature upon the heat resistance of bacillus subtilis. | the influence of different sporulation temperatures (30, 37, 44 and 52 degrees c) upon heat resistance of bacillus subtilis was investigated. heat resistance was greater after higher sporulation temperatures. relation of heat resistance and temperature of sporulation was not linear over all the range of temperatures tested. heat resistance increased about tenfold in the range of 30-44 degrees c. sporulation at 52 degrees c did not show any further increase in heat resistance. this effect was con ... | 1992 | 1399918 |
| identification, sequence analysis, and expression of a corynebacterium glutamicum gene cluster encoding the three glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and triosephosphate isomerase. | to investigate a possible chromosomal clustering of glycolytic enzyme genes in corynebacterium glutamicum, a 6.4-kb dna fragment located 5' adjacent to the structural phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepcx) gene ppc was isolated. sequence analysis of the ppc-proximal part of this fragment identified a cluster of three glycolytic genes, namely, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene gap, the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene pgk, and the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene ... | 1992 | 1400158 |
| transcription of the bacillus subtilis sacx and sacy genes, encoding regulators of sucrose metabolism, is both inducible by sucrose and controlled by the degs-degu signalling system. | the adjacent sacx and sacy genes are involved in sucrose induction of the bacillus subtilis sacb gene by an antitermination mechanism. sacb, encoding the exoenzyme levansucrase, is also subject to regulation by the degs-degu signalling system. using sacxy'-lacz and sacx'-lacz fusions, we show that the transcription of the sacx and sacy genes is both inducible by sucrose and regulated by degu. sacx and sacy appear to constitute an operon, since the deletion of the sacx leader region abolished the ... | 1992 | 1400159 |
| characterization of cspb, a bacillus subtilis inducible cold shock gene affecting cell viability at low temperatures. | a new class of cold shock-induced proteins that may be involved in an adaptive process required for cell viability at low temperatures or may function as antifreeze proteins in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified. we purified a small bacillus subtilis cold shock protein (cspb) and determined its amino-terminal sequence. by using mixed degenerate oligonucleotides, the corresponding gene (cspb) was cloned on two overlapping fragments of 5 and 6 kb. the gene encodes an ... | 1992 | 1400185 |
| histidine biosynthesis genes in lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. | the genes of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis involved in histidine biosynthesis were cloned and characterized by complementation of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis mutants and dna sequencing. complementation of e. coli hisa, hisb, hisc, hisd, hisf, hisg, and hisie genes and the b. subtilis hish gene (the e. coli hisc equivalent) allowed localization of the corresponding lactococcal genes. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 11.5-kb lactococcal region revealed 14 open reading frames (orfs ... | 1992 | 1400209 |
| branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes in lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. | the genes for biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine in lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ncdo2118 were characterized by cloning, complementation in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, and nucleotide sequence analysis. nine structural genes are clustered on a 12-kb dna fragment in the order leuabcd ilvdbnca. upstream of these genes, the nucleotide sequence suggests the existence of regulation by transcriptional attenuation. between the leud and ilvd gen ... | 1992 | 1400210 |
| determination of the sequence of spae and identification of a promoter in the subtilin (spa) operon in bacillus subtilis. | an 851-residue open reading frame (orf) called spae has been discovered in the subtilin (spa) operon. interruption of this orf with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene destroys the ability of bacillus subtilis lh45 delta c (a derivative of b. subtilis 168) to produce subtilin, which is an antimicrobial peptide belonging to the class of ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics called lantibiotics. spae shows strong homology to nisb, which is in the nisin (nis) operon in lactococcus lactis ... | 1992 | 1400221 |
| identification of bacillus subtilis genes for septum placement and shape determination. | the bacillus subtilis divivb1 mutation causes aberrant positioning of the septum during cell division, resulting in the formation of small, anucleate cells known as minicells. we report the cloning of the wild-type allele of divivb1 and show that the mutation lies within a stretch of dna containing two open reading frames whose predicted products are in part homologous to the products of the escherichia coli minicell genes minc and mind. just upstream of minc and mind, and in the same orientatio ... | 1992 | 1400224 |
| the divivb region of the bacillus subtilis chromosome encodes homologs of escherichia coli septum placement (mincd) and cell shape (mrebcd) determinants. | mutation of the divivb locus in bacillus subtilis causes frequent misplacement of the division septum, resulting in circular minicells, short rods, and filaments of various sizes. the divivb1 mutant allele maps to a region of the chromosome also known to encode sporulation (spo0b, spoivf, spoiib) and cell shape (rodb) determinants. this study reports the cloning and sequence analysis of 4.4 kb of the b. subtilis chromosome encompassing the divivb locus. this region contains five open reading fra ... | 1992 | 1400225 |
| characterization of the bacillus subtilis rpsd regulatory target site. | the bacillus subtilis rpsd gene, which encodes ribosomal protein s4, is subject to autogenous regulation. repression of rpsd expression by excess s4 protein was previously shown to be affected by mutations in the leader region of the gene. a large number of deletion and point mutations in the leader region were generated, and their effect on repression by s4 in vivo was tested. these studies indicated that the required region was within positions +30 to +190 relative to the transcription start p ... | 1992 | 1400226 |
| effects of amino acid substitutions in the -10 binding region of sigma e from bacillus subtilis. | the sigma subunit of bacterial rna polymerase is required for specific binding to promoters. one region in most sigma factors makes sequence-specific contacts at the -10 region of its cognate promoters. to test the role of the amino acids in this -10 binding region, we examined the effects of 49 single-amino-acid substitutions in sigma e from bacillus subtilis. we assayed the effect of each amino acid substitution on spore formation because sigma e is essential for endospore formation in b. subt ... | 1992 | 1400231 |
| imprecise excision of plasmid pe194 from the chromosomes of bacillus subtilis pe194 insertion strains. | plasmid pe194 has been shown to be rescued by integration after cultivation of infected bacillus subtilis rece4 cells at a restrictive high temperature. the plasmid is also spontaneously excised from the chromosome at a low frequency by precise or imprecise excision (j. hofemeister, m. israeli-reches, and d. dubnau, mol. gen. genet. 189:58-68, 1983). we have investigated nine excision plasmids, carrying insert dna 1 to 6 kbp in length, either in a complete pe194 or in a partially deleted pe194 c ... | 1992 | 1400250 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of a bacillus subtilis and thermus thermophilus hb8 chimeric 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and thermostable mutants of it. | a new type of chimeric 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (2t2m6t) was produced by expressing the fused gene of bacillus subtilis and thermus thermophilus. the enzyme shows heat stability intermediate between those of the parents. the crystal of the enzyme belongs to the space group of p3(2)21, with cell dimensions of a = b = 78.9 a and c = 158.9 a. two thermostable mutants of the chimeric enzyme were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis and then crystallized. | 1992 | 1400259 |
| nuclear-encoded tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein l24. protein identification, sequence analysis of cdnas encoding its cytoplasmic precursor, and mrna and genomic dna analysis. | using a nicotiana tabacum leaf cdna library in the expression vector lambda gt11, two cdnas encoding the full-length precursor polypeptide (m(r) 20,696) of tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein l24 were identified and sequenced. these cdnas encode a mature protein of 146 amino acids (m(r) 16,418) with a transit peptide of 41 amino acids (m(r) 4,278). the mature tobacco l24 protein has 78, 65, 45, and 35% sequence identity with ribosomal proteins l24 of pea, spinach, bacillus subtilis, and escher ... | 1992 | 1400480 |
| definition and polarity of action of dna replication terminators in bacillus subtilis. | the first stage in termination of chromosome replication in bacillus subtilis involves arrest of the clockwise fork at the inverted repeat region (irr), comprising the opposed iri and irii sequences, adjacent to the upstream region of the rtp gene, which encodes the replication terminator protein rtp. rtp binds to iri and irii. the ability of the irr and its components to function as terminators, in conjunction with rtp, and their polarity of action have now been tested by the use of plasmids re ... | 1992 | 1404381 |
| isolation of arginine auxotrophs, cloning by mutant complementation, and sequence analysis of the argc gene from the cyanobacterium anabaena species pcc 7120. | arginine auxotrophs of the dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium anabaena species strain pcc 7120 were isolated after ultraviolet light mutagenesis and penicillin enrichment. two of these auxotrophs were complemented by a cosmid gene library of the wild-type strain established in escherichia coli that was transferred en masse to the mutants by conjugation. the gene complementing one of those mutants was found to complement an e. coli argc mutant. sequencing analysis of the gene showed that it encodes ... | 1992 | 1406250 |
| the class 1 outer membrane protein of neisseria meningitidis produced in bacillus subtilis can give rise to protective immunity. | the class 1 outer membrane protein of neisseria meningitidis b:15:p1.7,16 was expressed in bacillus subtilis in high yield as intracellular aggregates. these were easy to isolate and the protein (called bacp1) could be solubilized under denaturing conditions. sera of mice immunized with thus-solubilized bacp1 contained high titres of antibodies that reacted with the class 1 protein of the meningococcal envelope in immunoblots but did not react with native meningococcal envelope in enzyme immunoa ... | 1992 | 1406285 |
| bactericidal activities of rat defensins and synthetic rabbit defensins on staphylococci, klebsiella pneumoniae (chedid, 277, and 8n3), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid and nonmucoid strains), salmonella typhimurium (ra, rc, rd, and re of lps mutants) and escherichia coli. | rat defensins were purified and tested for in vitro bactericidal assay against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. staphylococcus aureus (209p, cowan i, smith diffuse and smith compact) were resistant to defensins, whereas staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus lysodeikticus and bacillus subtilis were less sensitive. gram-negative bacteria, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid and k) and klebsiella pneumoniae (chedid, 277, and 8n3 which were heavily capsula ... | 1992 | 1406365 |
| protein export elements from lactococcus lactis. | broad-host-range plasmids carrying alpha-amylase or beta-lactamase reporter genes lacking a signal sequence were used to select export elements from lactococcus lactis chromosomal dna that could function as signal sequences. fragments containing such elements were identified by their ability to direct the export of the reporter proteins in escherichia coli. several of the selected export elements were also active in bacillus subtilis and l. lactis, although the efficiencies depended strongly on ... | 1992 | 1406586 |
| insertional disruption of the nusb (ssyb) gene leads to cold-sensitive growth of escherichia coli and suppression of the secy24 mutation. | the escherichia coli gene ssyb was cloned and sequenced. the ssyb63 (cs) mutation is an insertion mutation in nusb, while the nusb5 (cs) mutation suppresses secy24, indicating that inactivation of nusb causes cold-sensitive cell growth as well as phenotypic suppression of secy24. the correct map position of nusb is 9.5 min rather than 11 min as previously assigned. it is located at the distal end of an operon that contains a gene showing significant homology with a bacillus subtilis gene involve ... | 1992 | 1406588 |
| homologous recombination between plasmid and chromosomal dna in bacillus subtilis requires approximately 70 bp of homology. | to determine the minimal dna sequence homology required for recombination in bacillus subtilis, we developed a system capable of distinguishing between homologous and illegitimate recombination events during plasmid integration into the chromosome. in this system the recombination frequencies were measured between ts pe194 derivatives carrying segments of the chromosomal beta-gluconase gene (bgls) of various lengths and the bacterial chromosome, using selection for erythromycin resistance at the ... | 1992 | 1406596 |
| sequence comparison of new prokaryotic and mitochondrial members of the polypeptide chain release factor family predicts a five-domain model for release factor structure. | we have recently reported the cloning and sequencing of the gene for the mitochondrial release factor mrf-1. mrf-1 displays high sequence similarity to the bacterial release factors rf-1 and rf-2. a database search for proteins resembling these three factors revealed high similarities to two amino acid sequences deduced from unassigned genomic reading frames in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. the amino acid sequence derived from the bacillus reading frame is 47% identical to e.coli and s ... | 1992 | 1408743 |
| overproduction, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of the major cold shock protein from bacillus subtilis, cspb. | the major cold shock protein from bacillus subtilis (cspb) was overexpressed using the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase/promoter system and purified to apparent homogeneity from recombinant escherichia coli cells. cspb was crystallized in two different forms using vapor diffusion methods. the first crystal form obtained with ammonium sulfate as precipitant belongs to the trigonal crystal system, space group p3(1)21 (p3(2)21) with unit cell dimensions a = b = 59.1 a and c = 46.4 a. the second crys ... | 1992 | 1409560 |
| effects of changing the interaction between subdomains on the thermostability of bacillus neutral proteases. | variants of the thermolabile neutral protease (npr) of b. subtilis (npr-sub) and the thermostable neutral protease of b. stearothermophilus (npr-ste) were produced by means of site-directed mutagenesis and the effects of the mutations on thermostability were determined. mutations were designed to alter the interaction between the middle and c-terminal subdomain of these enzymes. in all nprs a cluster of hydrophobic contacts centered around residue 315 contributes to this interaction. in thermost ... | 1992 | 1409570 |
| [multiple principal sigma factors in eubacterial strains]. | | 1992 | 1410515 |
| [expression and secretion of alpha-amylase gene from bacillus subtilis in e. coli]. | the e. coli which carrying the alpha-amylase gene fragment cloned from b. subtilis secreted the gene products into the medium. the reason is the exogenous gene fragment act on the cell wall of e. coli by some way, gives rise to the change of its structure. it leads up to the alpha-amylase and some periplasm proteins passing through the cell wall into the medium. it also causes the change of host colonial morphology. the secrete process are non-specific. | 1992 | 1413738 |
| vector construction, transformation, and gene amplification in clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. | in order to alter the primary metabolism of c. acetobutylicum, we have constructed e. coli- or b. subtilis-c. acetobutylicum shuttle vectors that could be used to deliver homologous fermentative genes into c. acetobutylicum atcc 824. the plasmid copy number and plasmid stability in c. acetobutylicum for several of these plasmids were determined. we have also developed a protocol for the electrotransformation of c. acetobutylicum atcc 824. difficulty in the transformation of c. acetobutylicum atc ... | 1992 | 1416617 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic method for potency determination of amoxicillin in commercial preparations and for stability studies. | a reversed-phase column liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of amoxicillin and its preparations. the linear calibration range was 0.2 to 2.0 mg/ml (r = 0.9998), and recoveries were generally greater than 99%. the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay results were compared with those obtained from a microbiological assay of bulk drug substance and capsule, injection, and granule formulations containing amoxicillin and degraded amoxicillin. at the 99% confidence level ... | 1992 | 1416827 |
| sterilization of a small caliber vascular graft with a polyexpoxy compound. | sterilization of tissue based medical devices via cold sterilization processes has been limited to formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and mixtures of the same with alcohols and surfactants. the authors report the sterilization of a small caliber vascular graft with a combination of diglycidyl ether and ethanol. the sterilant contains 1-4% diglycidyl ether and 10-20% ethanol as an aqueous solution. sterilization is achieved after exposure of the graft to the sterilant solution for a period of 7 days a ... | 1992 | 1421604 |
| secretion of escherichia coli beta-lactamase from bacillus subtilis by the aid of alpha-amylase signal sequence. 1982. | | 1992 | 1422037 |
| improved resolution in three-dimensional constant-time triple resonance nmr spectroscopy of proteins. | two new protocols for the three-dimensional, triple resonance, constant-time hca(co)n nmr experiment are presented that significantly increase the experimental resolution attainable in the c alpha frequency dimension. experimental verification of the new experiments is provided by spectra of the iia domain of glucose permease from bacillus subtilis. | 1992 | 1422144 |
| overproduction and purification of bacillus subtilis dna polymerase iii. | the objectives of this work were to engineer the cloned polc gene encoding bacillus subtilis dna polymerase iii for controlled overexpression in escherichia coli and to devise a facile purification scheme permitting the large-scale production of pure recombinant polymerase. the translational signals of polc were restructured by expression cassette pcr (macferrin et al., 1990, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87, 1937-1941), and the modified gene was inserted into the expression plasmid, pkc30 (rosenbe ... | 1992 | 1422209 |
| identification of a chloroplast-encoded seca gene homologue in a chromophytic alga: possible role in chloroplast protein translocation. | seca is one of seven sec proteins that comprise the prokaryotic protein translocation apparatus. a chloroplast-encoded seca gene has been identified from the unicellular chromophytic alga pavlova lutherii. the gene predicts a protein that is related to the seca proteins of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. the presence of seca, as well as the previously described secy and hsp70 genes, on the chloroplast genome of p. lutherii suggests that this eukaryotic organism utilises protein transloca ... | 1992 | 1423730 |