| structure of metal site in azurin, met121 mutants of azurin, and stellacyanin investigated by 111mcd perturbed angular correlation (pac). | the geometries of the metal sites in cadmium-substituted azurins have been investigated by 111mcd perturbed angular correlation (pac). the study includes wild type azurin as well as met121 mutants of azurin, where methionine has been substituted by ala, asn, asp, gln, glu, and leu. the nuclear quadrupole interaction of wild type azurin analyzed in the angular overlap model is well described as coordination of his46, his117, and cys112 and cannot be described by coordination of met121 and/or gly4 ... | 1995 | 7822282 |
| mechanistic studies of aromatic amine dehydrogenase, a tryptophan tryptophylquinone enzyme. | aromatic amine dehydrogenase (aadh) is the second enzyme known to possess the tryptophan tryptophylquinone (ttq) prosthetic group. its ability to catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic amines has been investigated. steady-state and transient kinetic studies of the reaction of aadh with a series of p-substituted phenylethylamines were performed to determine structure-reactivity correlations. the km values correlated strongly with hydrophobic effects. the micr ... | 1995 | 7827040 |
| novel methods to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates. | | 1994 | 7832504 |
| metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) from 4-hydroxybutyrate by alcaligenes eutrophus. | various aerobic gram-negative bacteria have been examined for their ability to use 4-hydroxybutyrate and 1,4-butanediol as carbon source for growth. alcaligenes eutrophus strains h16, hf39, phb-4 and pseudomonas denitrificans 'morris' were not able to grow with 1,4-butanediol or 4-hydroxybutyrate. from a. eutrophus hf39 spontaneous primary mutants (e.g. sk4040) were isolated which grew on 4-hydroxybutyrate with doubling times of approximately 3 h. tn5::mob mutagenesis of mutant sk4040 led to the ... | 1995 | 7851418 |
| the nickel resistance determinant cloned from the enterobacterium klebsiella oxytoca: conjugational transfer, expression, regulation and dna homologies to various nickel-resistant bacteria. | klebsiella oxytoca strain ccug 15788, isolated from a mineral oil emulsion tank in göteborg, sweden, was found to be nickel-resistant (tolerating 10 mm nicl2 in non-complexing mineral-gluconate media; inducible resistance). the nickel resistance determinants were transferred by helper-assisted conjugation to various strains of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii and expressed to between 5 and 10 mm nicl2. a 4.3 kb hindiii fragment was cloned from the genomic dna of k. oxytoca. ligated into ... | 1995 | 7865994 |
| characterization of an acetyl-coa c-acetyltransferase (thiolase) gene from clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. | thiolase (thl) is an important enzyme at the junction in the pathway leading to the production of either acids (acetate or butyrate) or solvents (acetone, butanol or ethanol) during the growth of clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. cloning and expression of the thl-encoding gene (thl) has been described [petersen and bennett, appl. environ. microbiol. 57 (1991) 2735-2741], as has the purification and properties of the enzyme [wiesenborn et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 54 (1988) 2717-2722]. he ... | 1995 | 7867955 |
| kinetic mechanism studies of the soluble hydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | purified soluble hydrogenase (h2:nad+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.12.1.2) from alcaligenes eutrophus was activated to high specific activities by flushing the enzyme consecutively with n2 and h2 and then adding substoichiometric quantities of nadh. h2-dependent nad+ reduction activities > or = 110 mumol nadh formed/min/mg protein at ph 8.0 and 30 degrees c were obtained which were stable for several hours at 4 degrees c. kinetic studies were conducted anaerobically using activated enzyme for the purpos ... | 1995 | 7893162 |
| the alcaligenes eutrophus protein hoxn mediates nickel transport in escherichia coli. | hoxn, an integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane helices and a molecular mass of 33.1 kda, is involved in high-affinity nickel transport in alcaligenes eutrophus h16. from genetic analyses, it has been concluded that hoxn is a single-component ion carrier. to investigate this assumption, hoxn was introduced into escherichia coli. the recombinant strain showed significantly enhanced nickel uptake in a short-interval assay. likewise, growth in the presence of 63nicl2 yielded a more than ... | 1995 | 7896709 |
| regulation of saccharomyces cerevisiae flavohemoglobin gene expression. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae hemoglobin is a flavoprotein of unknown function. it shares extensive sequence homology with the globin of candida as well as those of several bacterial species. we have studied its gene regulation in order to better understand its purpose in the cell. transcriptional analyses indicate that, in sharp contrast to the bacterial globins of vitreoscilla and alcaligenes eutrophus, the s. cerevisiae globin message is induced during logarithmic growth and under oxygen-reple ... | 1995 | 7896850 |
| investigation of hospital-acquired infections due to alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans by dna restriction fragment length polymorphism. | we demonstrate that dna restriction fragment length polymorphism determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is very useful in the investigation of the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections caused by alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans. this approach showed that hospital-acquired infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen over a 6-month period in 10 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit and a surgical unit were not a true outbreak. in addition, this molecular ... | 1994 | 7913093 |
| plasmids for heavy metal resistance in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34: mechanisms and applications. | alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 is the main representative of a group of strongly related strains (mostly facultative chemolithotrophs) that are well adapted to environments containing high levels of heavy metals. it harbors the megaplasmids pmol28 and pmol30 which carry resistance determinants to co2+, ni2+, cro(4)2-, hg2+, tl+, cd2+, cu2+ and zn2+. among the best characterized determinants are the cnr operon (resistance to co, ni) on pmol28 and the czc operon on pmol30 (resistance to co, cd and zn) ... | 1994 | 7917428 |
| a topological model for the high-affinity nickel transporter of alcaligenes eutrophus. | the gene hoxn of alcaligenes eutrophus encodes a membrane protein with a molecular mass of 33.1 kda that mediates energy-dependent uptake of nickel ions. based on the hydrophobicity of the hoxn protein five, six, or seven transmembrane segments were predicted, depending on the algorithm used for computer analysis. to distinguish between these possibilities varying segments of the amino-terminal end of the transporter were fused to the escherichia coli enzymes alkaline phosphatase (phoa) or beta- ... | 1994 | 7934894 |
| replacement of methionine as the axial ligand of achromobacter cycloclastes cytochrome c554 at high ph values revealed by absorption, epr and mcd spectroscopy. | cytochrome c554 from the denitrifying bacterium achromobacter cycloclastes is a monoheme class ii c-type cytochrome with a his-met axial coordination at neutral ph. the amino acid composition and the n-terminal sequence of the cytochrome have been determined. subsequent determination of the ph-dependence of the redox potential and examination of the epr and mcd spectra of ferricytochrome c554 revealed a new form at high ph values made apparent with both spectroscopies. these observations are con ... | 1994 | 7945350 |
| hydrogen gas is not oxidized by mammalian tissues under hyperbaric conditions. | mammalian tissues, including heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle of guinea pig, rat, or pig, were exposed to tritium (t2) and high pressures of h2. incorporation of the tritium label was measured to test for a latent capacity by mammalian tissues to oxidize h2 under conditions such as those experienced by deep divers breathing h2. tissues were removed aseptically, and either minced, homogenized, or prepared as live cell cultures. the tissues were placed in a chamber to which ... | 1994 | 7950800 |
| combined nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance encoded by the ncc locus of alcaligenes xylosoxidans 31a. | the nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance genes carried by plasmid ptom9 of alcaligenes xylosoxidans 31a are located on a 14.5-kb bamhi fragment. by random tn5 insertion mutagenesis, the fragment was shown to contain two distinct nickel resistance loci, ncc and nre. the ncc locus causes a high-level combined nickel, cobalt, and cadmium resistance in strain ae104, which is a cured derivative of the metal-resistant bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus ch34. ncc is not expressed in escherichia coli. the nre ... | 1994 | 7961470 |
| sequences, organization and analysis of the hupzmnoqrtv genes from the azotobacter chroococcum hydrogenase gene cluster. | hydrogen-uptake (hup) activity in azotobacter chroococcum depends upon a cluster of genes spread over 13,687 bp of the chromosome. six accessory genes of the cluster, hupabycde, begin 4.8 kb downstream of the structural genes, hupsl, and are required for the formation of a functional [nife] hydrogenase. the sequencing of the intervening 4.8 kb of hup-specific dna has now been completed. this revealed eight additional closely linked orfs, which we designated hupz, hupm, hupn, hupo, hupq, hupr, hu ... | 1994 | 7966281 |
| in vitro and in situ survivals of bacterial populations added to fresh water environments. | the fate of aeromonas hydrophila, alcaligenes denitrificans, vibrio cholerae non-01, pseudomonas putida and four different isolates of escherichia coli in fresh river water were assessed by using different microcosms (i.e., membrane diffusion chamber and erlenmeyer flask). when water samples were incubated at 16 +/- 1 degrees c, the differences in extent of survival among test bacteria were in general not significant. if the incubation temperature was raised to 29 +/- 1 degrees c, in the in situ ... | 1993 | 7982366 |
| electroporation of alcaligenes eutrophus with (mega) plasmids and genomic dna fragments. | electroporation was used as a tool to explore the genetics of the heavy-metal-resistant strain alcaligenes eutrophus ch34. a 12.9-kb a. eutrophus-escherichia coli shuttle vector, pmol850, was constructed to optimize electroporation conditions. this vector is derived from the e. coli plasmid psup202 and contains the replication region of the a. eutrophus megaplasmid pmol28. electroporation was used to transform a. eutrophus ch34 derivatives with megaplasmids (sizes up to 240 kb), and transformant ... | 1994 | 7986037 |
| effect of conformation of the substrate on enzymatic decarboxylation of alpha-arylmalonic acid. | the configuration and conformation of a compound are critical factors that determine whether it can be accepted by an enzyme as a substrate or not. we have examined enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of some alpha-substituted malonic acids and proposed that the syn-periplanar conformation is required for the substrates to be bound to the active site of the enzyme. theoretical calculation of potential energy surfaces also supports the conclusion from experimental results. | 1994 | 8000869 |
| oxygenation and spontaneous deamination of 2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid in alcaligenes sp. strain o-1 with subsequent meta ring cleavage and spontaneous desulphonation to 2-hydroxymuconic acid. | 2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid (2as) is degraded by alcaligenes sp. strain o-1 via a previously detected but unidentified intermediate. a mutant of strain o-1 was found to excrete this intermediate, which was isolated and identified by m.s., 1h- and 13c-n.m.r. as 3-sulphocatechol (3sc). proteins from cell extracts of strain o-1 were separated by anion-exchange chromatography. a multicomponent oxygenase was observed to convert 1 mol each of nadh, o2 and 2as into 1 mol each of 3sc, nh3 and nad+. the ... | 1994 | 8002948 |
| identification of three catalytic triad constituents and asp-225 essential for function of lysine-specific serine protease, achromobacter protease i. | achromobacter protease i is a lysine-specific serine protease that achromobacter lyticus m497-1 extracellularly secretes. the structural aspects necessary for the protease to function were investigated by means of site-directed mutagenesis to identify the constituents of the catalytic triad and the amino acid residue responsible for lysine specificity. the precursor molecules, which were produced by substitution of his-57, asp-113, or ser-194 for alanine, could not be converted to the mature for ... | 1994 | 8006007 |
| molecular diagnostics for polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in contaminated soils. | molecular diagnostic methods using dna hybridization with specific gene probes are being developed for the monitoring of microbial populations capable of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degradation in contaminated soils. evaluation of composite samples from contaminated electrical substation soil by gas chromatography (gc) indicated that the pcbs present in the soil (approximately 200 ppm) resulted from contamination with aroclor 1248. the pcbs have been weathered or degraded so that the lower mo ... | 1994 | 8010689 |
| production of poly(beta-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant escherichia coli. | | 1994 | 8010692 |
| nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of poly(hydroxybutyrate) in whole cells and in artificial granules. | the physical state of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (phb) in whole cells and in the form of artificial biomimetic granules has been probed using 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. studies on varying concentrations of whole cells of alcaligenes eutrophus show that changes in the line widths of phb in whole cells do not correlate with changes in transverse relaxation times. solid-state magic-angle spinning nmr studies demonstrate that the line broadening results from a reduction in the sta ... | 1994 | 8011588 |
| microbial synthesis and properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in comamonas acidovorans. | comamonas acidovorans ds-17 was isolated from activated sludge and found to produce copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4hb) at 30 degrees c under growth-limited conditions. when 1,4-butanediol or 4-hydroxybutyric acid was used as the sole carbon source, a p(4hb) homopolymer was produced. random copolymers of 3hb and 4hb units were produced on the addition of glucose or 3-hydroxybutyric acid to the culture solution of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. the physical properties of p(3 ... | 1994 | 8011595 |
| cloning and analysis of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase gene from an acinetobacter sp.: evidence that the gene is both plasmid and chromosomally located. | the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) synthase gene (phacac) of a species of acinetobacter isolated from an activated sludge treatment plant was cloned by heterologous complementation in a poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) negative mutant of alcaligenes eutrophus. nucleotide sequence analysis of phacac revealed an open reading frame of 1770 bp with potential to encode a 67.7 kda protein. the deduced amino acid sequence displays high similarity to other pha synthase proteins. probing with an internal ... | 1994 | 8013870 |
| genetic and phenotypic diversity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria isolated from 2,4-d-treated field soils. | forty-seven numerically dominant 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria were isolated at different times from 1989 through 1992 from eight agricultural plots (3.6 by 9.1 m) which were either not treated with 2,4-d or treated with 2,4-d at three different concentrations. isolates were obtained from the most dilute positive most-probable-number tubes inoculated with soil samples from the different plots on seven sampling dates over the 3-year period. the isolates were compared b ... | 1994 | 8017907 |
| production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in sucrose-utilizing recombinant escherichia coli and klebsiella strains. | the cloned poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) synthesis pathway from alcaligenes eutrophus has been introduced into sucrose-utilizing strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca. the plasmid-borne genes were well expressed in these environments and were able to mediate the production of significant amounts of phb when the bacteria were grown with sucrose as the sole carbon source. the molecular weight of the phb polymer made in k. aerogenes and e. coli was approximately 1 ... | 1994 | 8017916 |
| stability and activity of hydrogenases of methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and alcaligenes eutrophus in reversed micellar systems. | in water-in-oil microemulsion the membrane-associated f420-hydrogenase of methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain marburg) and the membrane-bound hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus h 16 (mbh) showed prolonged activity at elevated temperatures (measured as hydrogen production) as compared to aqueous buffer solution. the temperature optimum of the reactions was about 15 degrees c higher than in aqueous buffer solution. activity of the almost completely inactivated f420-hydrogenase could be ... | 1994 | 8020749 |
| inability of muconate cycloisomerases to cause dehalogenation during conversion of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate. | the conversion of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate by muconate cycloisomerase from pseudomonas putida prs2000 yielded two products which by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were identified as 2-chloro- and 5-chloromuconolactone. high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses showed the same compounds to be formed also by muconate cycloisomerases from acinetobacter calcoaceticus adp1 and pseudomonas sp. strain b13. during 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate turnover by the enzyme from p. putida, 2-chloromuco ... | 1994 | 8021223 |
| the alcaligenes eutrophus h16 hoxx gene participates in hydrogenase regulation. | nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 1,791-bp open reading frame in the hox gene cluster of the gram-negative chemolithotroph alcaligenes eutrophus h16. in order to investigate the biological role of this open reading frame, we generated an in-frame deletion allele via a gene replacement strategy. the resulting mutant grew significantly more slowly than the wild type under lithoautotrophic conditions (6.1 versus 4.2 h doubling time). a reduction in the level of the soluble nad-reducing hydrog ... | 1994 | 8021224 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of the alcaligenes eutrophus pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and identification of a new type of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. | sequence analysis of a 6.3-kbp genomic ecori-fragment of alcaligenes eutrophus, which was recently identified by using a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-specific dna probe (a. pries, s. hein, and a. steinbüchel, fems microbiol. lett. 97:227-234, 1992), and of an adjacent 1.0-kbp ecori fragment revealed the structural genes of the a. eutrophus pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pdha (2,685 bp), pdhb (1,659 bp), and pdhl (1,782 bp), encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase (e1), the dihydrolipoamide acetyl ... | 1994 | 8021225 |
| two novel families of bacterial membrane proteins concerned with nodulation, cell division and transport. | homology has been established for members of two families of functionally related bacterial membrane proteins. the first family (the resistance/nodulation/cell division (rnd) family) includes (i) two metal-resistance efflux pumps in alcaligenes eutrophus (czca and cnra), (ii) three proteins which function together in nodulation of alfalfa roots by rhizobium meliloti (noighi), and (iii) a cell division protein in escherichia coli (envd). the second family (the putative membrane fusion protein (mf ... | 1994 | 8022262 |
| the crystal structures of reduced pseudoazurin from alcaligenes faecalis s-6 at two ph values. | the structures of the reduced (cu1+) blue-copper protein pseudoazurin from alcaligenes faecalis strain s-6 are refined at ph 7.8 and 4.4 using x-ray diffraction data to 1.8 a resolution. the final r-factors for the high and low ph structures are 0.178 and 0.177, respectively. comparing the reduced pseudoazurin at ph 7.8 with the oxidised (cu2+) molecule, small changes are observed in the vicinity of the copper site and on the protein surface. at ph 4.4 the copper substituent imidazole of his81 r ... | 1994 | 8034003 |
| septic arthritis in waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | | 1994 | 8035416 |
| [mossbauer data on the effect of nad.h on the state of iron in bacteria]. | the state of fe of bacterial cultures of different systematic positions (bacillus megaterium, bacillus polymyxa, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis, arthrobacter siderocapsulatus) grown on the medium containing fe(iii) citrate (up to 100 mg/l) with additional or without nad.h was studied. the samples were in damp air-dry, second moistened, dried at 383 k states. spectra have been obtained at 290 k and 100-200 k. the studied microorganisms have two types of atoms of ... | 1994 | 8043633 |
| a cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase mediates the first step of denitrification in alcaligenes eutrophus. | respiratory nitrite reductase (nir) has been purified from the soluble extract of denitrifying cells of alcaligenes eutrophus strain h16 to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. the enzyme was induced under anoxic conditions in the presence of nitrite. purified nir showed typical features of a cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase. it appeared to be a dimer of kda subunits, its activity was only weakly inhibited by the copper chelator diethyldithiocarbamate, and spectral analysis revealed absorp ... | 1994 | 8048839 |
| overexpression and purification of the soluble polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from alcaligenes eutrophus: evidence for a required posttranslational modification for catalytic activity. | polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase has been expressed in escherichia coli by reengineering the 5'-end of the wild-type (wt) gene and subsequent transformation of this gene into protease-deficient e. coli ut5600 (ompt-). induction with iptg results in soluble pha synthase, which is approximately 5% of the total protein. the soluble synthase has been purified to > 90% homogeneity using fplc chromatography on hydroxylapatite and q-sepharose and has a specific activity of 5 mumol min-1 mg-1. the mo ... | 1994 | 8049232 |
| biodegradation of naphthenic acids by microbial populations indigenous to oil sands tailings. | organic acids, similar in structure to naphthenic acids, have been associated with the acute toxicity of tailings produced by the oil sands industry in northeastern alberta, canada. bacterial cultures enriched from oil sands tailings were found to utilize as their sole carbon source both a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids and a mixture of organic acids extracted from oil sands tailings. gas chromatographic analysis of both the commercial naphthenic acids and the extracted organic acids rev ... | 1994 | 8050066 |
| analysis of the streptomyces coelicolor sige gene reveals the existence of a subfamily of eubacterial rna polymerase sigma factors involved in the regulation of extracytoplasmic functions. | sigma e, an rna polymerase sigma factor of apparent m(r) 28,000, was previously identified by its ability to direct transcription from the p2 promoter of the agarose gene (daga) of streptomyces coelicolor. a degenerate oligonucleotide probe, designed from the n-terminal sequence of purified sigma e, was used to isolate the sigma e gene (sige). the predicted sequence of sigma e shows greatest similarity to sequences of seven other proteins: myxococcus xanthus carq, pseudomonas aeruginosa algu, ps ... | 1994 | 8052622 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil from schinus molle linn. | the essential oil from the fresh leaves of schinus molle isolated by hydrodistillation was tested for antibacterial activity using the hole plate diffusion method and for antifungal activity using the mycelium or single cell growth inhibition method. results obtained showed that the volatile oil exhibited significant activity against the following bacterial species: klebsiella pneumoniae, alcaligenes faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, leuconostoc cremoris, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris ... | 1993 | 8055554 |
| [recurrent alcaligenes xylosidans intra- and retroperitoneal abscess following celioscopic cholecystectomy]. | | 1994 | 8059179 |
| shuttle mutagenesis of legionella pneumophila: identification of a gene associated with host cell cytopathicity. | we performed shuttle mutagenesis of legionella pneumophila. mutants were screened for reduced cellular infectivity. approximately 10% of the mutants had decreased cytopathicity. the dna sequence of one locus was determined; the inferred amino acid sequence revealed homology with transport proteins including escherichia coli tolc, bordetella pertussis cyae, and alcaligenes eutrophus czcc and cnrc. | 1994 | 8063428 |
| integration and excision of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degradative plasmid in alcaligenes paradoxus and evidence of its natural intergeneric transfer. | a self-transmissible 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degradative plasmid, pka2, has been identified in a new 2,4-d-degrading strain, alcaligenes paradoxus 2811p, isolated from agricultural soil. pka2 occurred as a 42.9-kb plasmid in strain 2811p. a derivative strain, 2811c, was isolated from a stock culture in which the entire pka2 plasmid was apparently integrated into the host chromosome without loss of the 2,4-d+ phenotype. this interpretation is based on the disappearance of a free pl ... | 1994 | 8071203 |
| identification of a novel gene, aut, involved in autotrophic growth of alcaligenes eutrophus. | the aerobic facultative chemoautotroph alcaligenes eutrophus was found to possess a novel gene, designated aut, required for both lithoautotrophic (hydrogen plus carbon dioxide) and organoautotrophic (formate) growth (aut+ phenotype). insertional mutagenesis by transposon tn5-mob localized the gene on a chromosomal 13-kbp ecori fragment. physiological characterization of various aut- mutants revealed pleiotropic effects caused by the transposon insertion. heterotrophic growth of the mutants on s ... | 1994 | 8071217 |
| survey on antibiotic resistance in gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria other than pseudomonas in italy. | a survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria, isolated during a one-year period in italy. overall, these microorganisms account respectively for 11.47% and 20.5% of all gram-negative bacteria. the most representative species isolated during the study were: acinetobacter, flavobacterium, alcaligenes, achromobacter and xanthomonas species. as regards their antimicrobial pattern of resistance, this surv ... | 1994 | 8071672 |
| 3-sulphocatechol 2,3-dioxygenase and other dioxygenases (ec 1.13.11.2 and ec 1.14.12.-) in the degradative pathways of 2-aminobenzenesulphonic, benzenesulphonic and 4-toluenesulphonic acids in alcaligenes sp. strain o-1. | alcaligenes sp. strain o-1 utilizes three sulphonated aromatic compounds as sole sources of carbon and energy for growth in minimal salts medium-benzenesulphonate (bs), 4-toluenesulphonate (ts) and 2-aminobenzenesulphonate (2as). the degradative pathway(s) in 2as-grown cells are initiated with membrane transport, nadh-dependent dioxygenation and meta ring cleavage. the specific activity of the nadh-dependent dioxygenation(s) varied with the growth phase and was maximal near the end of exponentia ... | 1994 | 8075807 |
| differential blocking of coagulation-activating pathways of limulus amebocyte lysate. | the coagulation of limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) can be activated through two pathways, one initiated by endotoxin and the other by beta-glucans. the two pathways join at the step of activation of the proclotting enzyme. we report here that the endotoxin-activated pathway can be differentially inhibited by two methods in a limulus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), either by the combined use of dimethyl sulfoxide and polymyxin b or by a monoclonal antibody against limulus factor c. lal ... | 1994 | 8077400 |
| controlled clinical evaluation of isolator and esp aerobic blood culture systems for detection of bloodstream infections. | a controlled clinical evaluation comparing the isolator system (wampole laboratories, cranbury, n.j.) and the esp 80a blood culture bottle in the automated esp system (difco laboratories, detroit, mich.) was performed with 10,535 blood culture sets from patients with suspected septicemia. of 1,150 positive cultures, 844 positive cultures from 285 patients with 394 septic episodes fulfilled the study criteria for minimum blood sample requirements in each system and clinical significance of isolat ... | 1994 | 8077401 |
| evaluation of direct disc diffusion susceptibility testing for bacteriuria using diluted urine against standard cds method. | consecutive urine specimens with > or = 10(9) organisms/l on microscopy were diluted 1:100 and direct disc diffusion susceptibility tests performed. subsequently, the standard calibrated dichotomous sensitivity (cds) test was performed on all isolates. urines with > 2 isolates or where growth was < 10(8) colony forming units (cfu)/l were excluded. only gram negative organisms were considered. 361 urines were evaluated, 324 with one and 37 with 2 isolates, comprising 255 escherichia coli, 49 kleb ... | 1994 | 8090594 |
| identification and molecular characterization of the aco genes encoding the pelobacter carbinolicus acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. | use of oligonucleotide probes, which were deduced from the n-terminal sequences of the purified enzyme components, identified the structural genes for the alpha and beta subunits of e1 (acetoin:2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase), e2 (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase), and e3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) of the pelobacter carbinolicus acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system, which were designated acoa, acob, acoc, and acol, respectively. the nucleotide sequences of acoa (979 bp), acob ... | 1994 | 8110297 |
| kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous hydrolysis of poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate] film by pha depolymerases. | the kinetics and mechanism of enzymatic degradation on the surface of poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (p[(r)-3hb]) film have been studied using three types of extracellular poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) depolymerases from alcaligenes faecalis, pseudomonas picketti and comamonas testosteroni. the monomer and dimer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid were produced during the course of the enzymatic degradation of p[(r)-3hb] film, and the rate of production was determined by monitoring the increase in absorbance a ... | 1993 | 8110658 |
| pulmonary abscess associated with alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a patient with aids. | | 1993 | 8110940 |
| aerobic degradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt) by alcaligenes eutrophus a5. | biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt) by alcaligenes eutrophus a5 was demonstrated by analysis of ethyl acetate-extracted products from resting cell cultures. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization of the neutral extracts revealed two hydroxy-ddt intermediates (m/z = 370) with retention times at 19.55 and 19.80 min that shared identical mass spectra. this result suggested that the hydroxylations occurred at the ortho and meta positions on the aro ... | 1994 | 8117093 |
| distribution of the catabolic transposon tn5271 in a groundwater bioremediation system. | the distribution of tn5271-related dna sequences in samples of groundwater and a groundwater bioremediation system at the hyde park (niagara falls, n.y.) chemical landfill site was investigated. pcr amplification of target sequences within the cha genes of tn5271 revealed similar sequences in the groundwater community and in samples from the sequencing batch reactors treating that groundwater. cell dilution combined with pcr amplification indicated that cha sequences were carried in about 1 of 1 ... | 1994 | 8117095 |
| crucial role of intralobe peptide-peptide interactions in the uptake and release of iron by ovotransferrin. | the mechanism for reversible iron binding in the n-terminal lobe of ovotransferrin was investigated by a protein fragmentation approach. the iron-saturated n-terminal half-molecule of ovotransferrin was proteolyzed into large 30-kda (1-279) and small 6-kda (280-332) fragments by a single cleavage with achromobacter protease i, producing a stable nicked form. for the separation of the two fragments, denaturing conditions were required. the isolated large fragment contained all four iron-coordinat ... | 1994 | 8120023 |
| primary sequence and evidence for a physiological function of the flavohemoprotein of alcaligenes eutrophus. | the flavohemoprotein (fhp) encoding gene of the strictly respiratory gram-negative bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus was isolated from a megaplasmid library by using fhp-specific antibodies and oligonucleotide probes based on the amino-terminal polypeptide sequence of fhp, determined previously (zhu, h., and riggs, a. f. (1992) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 89, 5015-5019). the fhp gene codes for a monomeric polypeptide of 403 amino acids (m(r) 44,796) whose structure is highly homologous to the pr ... | 1994 | 8125952 |
| changing patterns of microbial contamination and antimicrobial sensitivity in donor eyes. | contaminating microbial flora and their in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined for 1557 eyes from donor cadavers collected during five years. positive cultures were obtained in 42.77% of the eyes; bacterial growth was observed in 39.17% of the eyes and fungal growth, in 3.6%. there was significant variation in the rate of contamination from year to year during the study period. staphylococcus albus was the most frequently isolated organism (28.10%), followed by acinetobacter spp. ... | 1993 | 8129326 |
| epr and electron nuclear double resonance (endor) studies show nitrite binding to the type 2 copper centers of the dissimilatory nitrite reductase of alcaligenes xylosoxidans (ncimb 11015). | epr and 1h, 14,15n endor spectra are described for the type 1 and type 2 cu(ii) centers of dissimilatory nitrite reductase (nir) from alcaligenes xylosoxidans. the study was carried out on preparations of nir containing both type 1 and type 2 cu sites, and also on preparations of lower activity which contained essentially only type 1 cu centers. this has enabled endor studies of type 1 and type 2 sites to be carried out largely independently of each other, by appropriate choice of the excitation ... | 1994 | 8136351 |
| identification and sequencing of pyrg, the ctp synthetase gene of azospirillum brasilense sp7. | an 18.5-kb dna fragment carrying the trpgdc cluster of azospirillum brasilense sp7 was previously cloned, yielding cosmid pab1005. attempts to identify trpa in the vicinity of trpgdc failed but led to the detection of a locus strongly homologous to pyrg, the structural gene for the ctp synthetase. the function of the a. brasilense pyrg gene was verified by complementation of the cytidine-requiring pyrg-deficient mutant jf646 of escherichia coli. a second open reading frame was identified downstr ... | 1994 | 8138139 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies on pseudoazurin from achromobacter cycloclastes iam1013. | new crystals of a blue copper protein, pseudoazurin from denitrifier achromobacter cycloclastes iam1013, have been obtained by means of vapor diffusion with ammonium sulfate as a precipitant at ph 6.0 and 4 degrees c. the crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions of a = 56.69(2), b = 61.53(2), and c = 30.20(1) a. the asymmetric unit includes one molecule of pseudoazurin with a vm value of 2.04 a3/da. the crystals are so stable against x-ray ... | 1993 | 8138527 |
| characterization of a temperate phage hosted by alcaligenes eutrophus strain a5. | nineteen strains of alcaligenes eutrophus were tested for the presence of prophages. one strain that lysed upon mitomycin c treatment produced a phage which could not form plaques on any of the strains available. dna extracted from partially purified phage lysates was digested with various restriction enzymes which showed that the 42 kb long viral double-stranded dna circularizes by means of cohesive ends. to our knowledge, this is the first description of a phage for the genus alcaligenes. | 1993 | 8140281 |
| 1h and 15n nuclear magnetic resonance assignments, secondary structure in solution, and solvent exchange properties of azurin from alcaligenes denitrificans. | complete sequential 1h and 15n resonance assignments for the reduced cu(i) form of the blue copper protein azurin (m(r) = 14,000, 129 residues) from alcaligenes denitrificans have been obtained at ph 5.5 and 32 degrees c using homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional and heteronuclear three-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. comparison of the resonance assignments for the backbone protons with those of pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin, which is 68% homologous in its amino acid sequence and has a very sim ... | 1994 | 8142353 |
| in-vitro susceptibility of alcaligenes faecalis compared with those of other alcaligenes spp. to antimicrobial agents including seven beta-lactams. | | 1993 | 8144436 |
| analysis of duplicated gene sequences associated with tfdr and tfds in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134. | plasmid pjp4 of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 encodes the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. a 1.2-kb bamhi-xhoi region of the restriction fragment bamhi-e has been proposed to contain the regulatory gene tfdr (a. r. harker, r. h. olsen, and r. j. seidler, j. bacteriol. 171:314-320, 1989; b. kaphammer, j. j. kukor, and r. h. olsen, j. bacteriol. 172:2280-2286, 1990). when sequenced and analyzed, the region is shown to contain two incomplete open reading frames (orfs) positioned diverg ... | 1994 | 8157603 |
| [2-naphthalene-sulphonic acid degrading microorganisms]. | derivatives of anionic surfactants, specially naphthalene sulphonates, when discharged into natural waters are accumulated in waters and sediments because of their poor biodegradability. a four-membered bacterial community, able to degrade the sodium salt of 2-naphthalene-sulphonic acid (2ns), was isolated from río reconquista. all the isolated strains consisted of gram-negative, strictly aerobic rods, with a strong proteolytic activity and resistance to high levels of cations like cr (iii), hg ... | 1993 | 8166892 |
| [conjugal transfer of chemolithoautotrophically growing ability from hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium alcaligenes hydrogenophilus to useful material-producing bacteria]. | the plasmid genes encoding the ability to grow chemolithoautotrophically with h2 and co2 from a h2-oxidizing bacterium alcaligenes hydrogenophilus were in vivo cloned using the broad host range inc p1 r-plasmid r68.45. the genes of h2-oxidation enzymes were expressed by a novel alternative sigma 54-like factor encoded on the chromosome. the sigma 54-like factor was also in vivo cloned using r68.45. both r68.45-primes, one carrying plasmid genes and the other carrying chromosome genes, were in vi ... | 1994 | 8169770 |
| x-ray structure and site-directed mutagenesis of a nitrite reductase from alcaligenes faecalis s-6: roles of two copper atoms in nitrite reduction. | nitrite reductase (nir) from the denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes faecalis s-6 is a copper-containing enzyme which requires pseudoazurin, a low molecular weight protein containing a single type i copper atom, as a direct electron donor in vivo. crystallographic analysis shows that nir is a trimer composed of three identical subunits, each of which contains one atom of type i copper and one atom of type ii copper, and that the ligands to the type i and type ii copper atoms are the same as those ... | 1994 | 8172899 |
| carnitine determination by an enzymatic cycling method with carnitine dehydrogenase. | we describe a highly sensitive and specific method for determining l-carnitine in serum by use of carnitine dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.108). the method involves a new enzymatic cycling technique with nadh, thio-nad+, and carnitine dehydrogenase, and measures the increase of absorbance at 415 nm of thio-nadh produced at 37 degrees c during the reaction: [formula: see text] the calibration curve for l-carnitine in serum was linear between 5 and 250 mumol/l. analytical recovery was 96.5-106%, and with ... | 1994 | 8174257 |
| welan gum (s-130) contains repeating units with randomly distributed l-mannosyl and l-rhamnosyl terminal groups, as determined by fabms. | | 1994 | 8187106 |
| aromatic amine dehydrogenase, a second tryptophan tryptophylquinone enzyme. | aromatic amine dehydrogenase (aadh) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of aromatic amines including tyramine and dopamine. aadh is structurally similar to methylamine dehydrogenase (madh) and possesses the same tryptophan tryptophylquinone (ttq) prosthetic group. aadh exhibits an alpha 2 beta 2 structure with subunit molecular weights of 39,000 and 18,000 and with a quinone covalently attached to each beta subunit. neither subunit cross-reacted immunologically with antibodies to the correspondi ... | 1994 | 8188594 |
| bacterial genes involved in incorporation of nickel into a hydrogenase enzyme. | nickel is an essential component of all h2-uptake hydrogenases. a fragment of dna that complements a h2-uptake-deficient but nickel-cured mutant strain (jhk7) of bradyrhizobium japonicum was isolated and sequenced. this 4.5-kb dna fragment contains four open reading frames designated as orf1, hupn, hupo, and hupp, which encode polypeptides with predicted masses of 17, 40, 19, and 63.5 kda, respectively. the last three open reading frames (hupnop) are most likely organized as an operon with a put ... | 1994 | 8197192 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of the clostridium magnum acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. | e2 (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) and e3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) of the clostridium magnum acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system were copurified in a three-step procedure from acetoin-grown cells. the denatured e2-e3 preparation comprised two polypeptides with m(r)s of 49,000 and 67,000, respectively. microsequencing of both proteins revealed identical amino acid sequences. by use of oligonucleotide probes based on the n-terminal sequences of the alpha and beta subunits of e1 (aceto ... | 1994 | 8206840 |
| distinctive electrophoretic pattern of esterases produced by alcaligenes species. | the esterases produced by 34 strains of alcaligenes faecalis, 16 strains of a. denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans, 5 strains of a. piechaudii and 10 strains of a. denitrificans subsp. denitrificans were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. these enzymes were distinguished by their spectra of hydrolytic activity towards 5 synthetic substrates (hydrolytic type) and their electrophoretic mobilities (electrophoretic type). four hydrolytic types of esterases were produced ... | 1993 | 8210679 |
| metabolism of 2-chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate by alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134. | 2-chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate is not a growth substrate for alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134 and jmp 134-1. it is, however, being transformed by enzymes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism to 2-chloro-4-methyl-cis,cis-muconate, which is converted by enzymatic 1,4-cycloisomerization to 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone as a dead end metabolite. chemically, only 3,6-cycloisomerization occurs, giving rise to both diastereomers of 4-carboxychloromethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-4-olide. ... | 1993 | 8215795 |
| purification and characterization of maleylacetate reductase from alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4). | maleylacetate reductase (ec 1.3.1.32) plays a major role in the degradation of chloroaromatic compounds by channeling maleylacetate and some of its substituted derivatives into the 3-oxoadipate pathway. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from an extract of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d)-grown cells of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134. maleylacetate reductase appears to be a dimer of two identical subunits of 35 kda. the pi was determined to be at ph 5.4. there was no indication of a ... | 1993 | 8226615 |
| the cbb operons of the facultative chemoautotroph alcaligenes eutrophus encode phosphoglycolate phosphatase. | the two highly homologous cbb operons of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 that are located on the chromosome and on megaplasmid phg1 contain genes encoding several enzymes of the calvin carbon reduction cycle. sequence analysis of a region from the promoter-distal part revealed two open reading frames, designated cbbt and cbbz, at equivalent positions within the operons. comparisons with known sequences suggested cbbt to encode transketolase (tk; ec 2.2.1.1) as an additional enzyme of the cycle. no sig ... | 1993 | 8226680 |
| purification and characterization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase. | the alcaligenes eutrophus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, encoded by the tfda gene of plasmid pjp4, is an fe(ii)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate to 2,4-dichlorophenol and glyoxylate concomitant with the decomposition of alpha-ketoglutarate to form succinate and carbon dioxide (fukumori, f., and hausinger, r. p. (1993) j. bacteriol. 175, 2083-2086). using recombinant escherichia coli cells that overexpress the tfda gene, the ... | 1993 | 8226980 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of four genes, hupc, hupd, hupf and hupg, downstream of the hydrogenase structural genes in bradyrhizobium japonicum. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.2 kb region downstream of the hydrogenase structural genes in bradyrhizobium japonicum was determined. four genes encoding predicted polypeptides of 27.8 (hupc), 21.4 (hupd), 10.6 (hupf) and 15.8 (hupg) kda were identified, of which the first three probably belong to the same operon as the hup structural genes, hups and hupl. hupc is homologous to the hydrophobic polypeptides with four potential transmembrane regions that are encoded by open reading frames followin ... | 1993 | 8230232 |
| purification and characterization of the dissimilatory nitrite reductase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans (n.c.i.m.b. 11015): evidence for the presence of both type 1 and type 2 copper centres. | dissimilatory nitrite reductase was isolated from extracts of alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans (n.c.i.m.b. 11015), after activation of crude extracts by the addition of copper(ii) sulphate. the enzyme was purified by a combination of (nh4)2so4 fractionation and cationic-exchange chromatography to 93% homogeneity as judged by sds/page. sds/page and spray m.s. showed that the enzyme had a subunit m(r) of 36.5 kda. the copper content was 3.5 +/- 0.8 cu atoms/trimer of m(r) 109,500. e.p. ... | 1993 | 8240262 |
| molecular systematics of the genus zoogloea and emendation of the genus. | phylogenetic relationships among strains of zoogloea and related taxa were determined by 16s rdna sequencing and genomic dna hybridization techniques. the 16s rrna gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with a pair of eubacterial consensus primers and sequenced directly by using an automated fluorescent dna sequencer. sequence comparisons and distance matrix tree analysis revealed that zoogloea ramigera iam 12136 (= n. c. dondero 106, type strain) and zoogloea sp. atcc 19324 formed ... | 1993 | 8240962 |
| molecular biology of hydrogen utilization in aerobic chemolithotrophs. | the aerobic bacteria capable of obtaining energy from the oxidation of h2 form a heterogenous group that includes both facultative and obligate chemolithotrophs and representatives of both gram-negative and gram-positive genera. h2-oxidizing aerobes inhabit such diverse biotypes as soil, oceans, and hot springs. the oxidation of h2 in these bacteria is catalyzed by [nife] metalloenzymes called hydrogenases. the hydrogenases studied so far belong to two families: dimeric, membrane-bound enzymes ( ... | 1993 | 8257102 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based latex bead agglutination test for the detection of bordetella avium. | the purpose of this study was to develop a rapid method to distinguish bordetella avium from closely related bordetella avium-like and b. bronchiseptica bacteria. a monoclonal antibody of the igm isotype was produced in balb/c mice against live b. avium strain 75. the monoclonal antibody, in the form of ascites fluid, was added to a bovine serum albumin-glycine buffer (ph 8.6) and adsorbed to 3.03-microns-diameter latex beads. optimum concentrations of antibody, beads, and bacteria were determin ... | 1993 | 8257369 |
| rapid method for purification of soil dna for hybridization and pcr analysis. | monitoring of microbial dna in soils by dot blot hybridization and pcr analysis is a useful technique for gaining insight into the survival and impact of genetically modified micro-organisms released in the environment. most methods of dna isolation from soils require a large number of purification steps rendering them unsuitable for quantitative analysis of multiple samples. here we describe a very rapid method for the isolation and purification of multiple samples of soil dna that can be used ... | 1993 | 8261167 |
| a comparison of ozonation and chlorination for the disinfection of stainless steel surfaces. | ozonated water and chlorinated sanitizer were compared for effectiveness against biofilms of milk spoilage bacteria. stainless steel plates were incubated in uht-pasteurized milk inoculated with pure cultures of either pseudomonas fluorescens (atcc 949) or alcaligenes faecalis (atcc 337). after incubation, the plates were removed and rinsed in sterile pbs. a control rinsed stainless steel plate was swabbed and plated on standard plate count agar. a second rinsed stainless steel plate was covered ... | 1993 | 8270705 |
| identification of bordetella avium using the polymerase chain reaction. | a dna fragment from bordetella pertussis, encoding the fim2 fimbrial subunit gene with adjacent sequences, was used as a probe for the detection of homologous sequences in chromosomal dna of bordetella avium. a 1.8 kb sa1i-psti fragment from the genome of b. avium, which hybridized with the probe, was isolated and sequenced. no fimbrial subunit gene was located on the b. avium dna fragment. two regions could be distinguished in the sequence of the fragment. region 1, which was 80% identical to t ... | 1993 | 8271920 |
| use of dna probes and plasmid capture in a search for new interesting environmental genes. | adaptation to a stressed environment leads to organisms bearing dna, encoding defense mechanisms. these mechanisms can be heavy metal resistance, catabolism of organic xenobiotics or stress reactions. genes responsible for these mechanisms can be used for monitoring changing environments and therefore it can be important to store such bacteria in a bank. dna-probing will be presented by the use of dna fragments (of alcaligenes eutrophus) coding for heavy metal resistance or xenobiotic degradatio ... | 1993 | 8272850 |
| purification and characterization of the e1 component of the clostridium magnum acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. | in clostridium magnum strain wo bd p1 the formation of the enzyme components of the acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system e1 (acetoin:2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase ao:dcpip or), e2 (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase dhlta) and e3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase dhldh) were induced during growth on acetoin. ao:dcpip or was purified from acetoin-grown cells in two steps by chromatography on deae-sephacel and on mono q hr. native ao:dcpip or exhibited a m(r) of 138,000; it consisted of ... | 1993 | 8274006 |
| achromobacter xylosoxidans osteomyelitis. | | 1993 | 8280199 |
| a comparison of no and n2o production by the autotrophic nitrifier nitrosomonas europaea and the heterotrophic nitrifier alcaligenes faecalis. | soil microorganisms are important sources of the nitrogen trace gases no and n2o for the atmosphere. present evidence suggests that autotrophic nitrifiers such as nitrosomonas europaea are the primary producers of no and n2o in aerobic soils, whereas denitrifiers such as pseudomonas spp. or alcaligenes spp. are responsible for most of the no and n2o emissions from anaerobic soils. it has been shown that alcaligenes faecalis, a bacterium common in both soil and water, is capable of concomitant he ... | 1993 | 8285659 |
| cloning and expression of the transposable chlorobenzoate-3,4-dioxygenase genes of alcaligenes sp. strain br60. | growth on 3-chlorobenzoate was found to induce the enzymes of the protocatechuate meta ring fission pathway in alcaligenes sp. strain br60. the chlorobenzoate catabolic genes, designated cba, were localized to a 3.7-kb noti-ecori fragment within the nonrepeated region of the composite transposon tn5271. the cba genes were cloned onto two broad-host-range vectors and expressed in escherichia coli and alcaligenes sp. strain br6024. in e. coli, expression of the cba genes with the iptg (isopropyl-b ... | 1993 | 8285670 |
| isotactic polypropylene biodegradation by a microbial community: physicochemical characterization of metabolites produced. | from a selective enrichment culture prepared with different soil samples on starch-containing polyethylene we isolated four microaerophilic microbial communities able to grow on this kind of plastic with no additional carbon source. one consortium, designated community 3s, was tested with pure isotactic polypropylene to determine whether the consortium was able to degrade this polymer. polypropylene strips were incubated for 5 months in a mineral medium containing sodium lactate and glucose in s ... | 1993 | 8285678 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of thermophilic bacillus sp. strain tb-90 urease gene complex in escherichia coli. | the urease of thermophilic bacillus sp. strain tb-90 is composed of three subunits with molecular masses of 61, 12, and 11 kda. by using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on n-terminal amino acid sequences of each subunit, we cloned a 3.2-kb ecori fragment of tb-90 genomic dna. moreover, we cloned two other dna fragments by gene walking starting from this fragment. finally, we reconstructed in vitro a 6.2-kb dna fragment which expressed catalytically active urease in escherichia coli by com ... | 1994 | 8288539 |
| achromobacter xylosoxidans (alcaligenes xylosoxidans subspecies xylosoxidans) bacteremia after liver transplantation. | | 1993 | 8294634 |
| ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia: report of four cases and short review. | ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly "achromobacter" cdc group vd, is a nonfermentative, nonfastidious gram-negative bacillus, that only recently has been given attention as a potential human pathogen. over a 2-year period, we observed four patients with multiple blood cultures that were positive for the organism. the patients had acute leukemia as underlying disease, and presented with clinical and microbiologic features consistent with catheter-related bacteremia. in three of the patients the infec ... | 1993 | 8300247 |
| microbial hydrogenases: primary structure, classification, signatures and phylogeny. | thirty sequenced microbial hydrogenases are classified into six classes according to sequence homologies, metal content and physiological function. the first class contains nine h2-uptake membrane-bound nife-hydrogenases from eight aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria. the second comprises four periplasmic and two membrane-bound h2-uptake nife(se)-hydrogenases from sulphate-reducing bacteria. the third consists of four periplasmic fe-hydrogenases from strict anaerobic bacteria. ... | 1993 | 8318259 |
| metabolic pathway of homophthalic acid in pseudomonas alcaligenes. | a microorganism capable of degrading homophthalic acid as a sole carbon source was isolated from garden soil. the strain was identified as pseudomonas alcaligenes. the organism degraded homophthalate by a pathway which involved phenylacetate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate as intermediates. the intermediates have been identified by physico-chemical methods. a tentative pathway for the degradation of homophthalate is proposed based on isolation of intermediates, oxygen uptake studies and presence of e ... | 1993 | 8319896 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray data of chloromuconate cycloisomerase from alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 (pjp4). | the pjp4-encoded chloromuconate cycloisomerase, an enzyme of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetate degradation pathway, was purified from cell-free extracts of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 with a revised procedure. tetragonal bipyramidal crystals were grown and characterized with respect to their x-ray diffraction properties. they were assigned to the space group i4, with cell dimensions of a = b = 111.9 a, c = 148.5 a. the crystals scattered to approximately 3 a resolution. | 1993 | 8331667 |
| physiological and biochemical characterization of the soluble formate dehydrogenase, a molybdoenzyme from alcaligenes eutrophus. | organoautotrophic growth of alcaligenes eutrophus on formate was dependent on the presence of molybdate in the medium. supplementation of the medium with tungstate lead to growth cessation. corresponding effects of these anions were observed for the activity of the soluble, nad(+)-linked formate dehydrogenase (s-fdh; ec 1.2.1.2) of the organism. lack of molybdate or presence of tungstate resulted in an almost complete loss of s-fdh activity. s-fdh was purified to near homogeneity in the presence ... | 1993 | 8335630 |
| x-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation shows nitrite reductase from achromobacter xylosoxidans to be a trimer in solution. | we demonstrate here the applicability of x-ray scattering for studying molecular conformation of multimeric proteins in solution by using synchrotron radiation to extend the range of data collection to include medium angles (ca. 3-4 degrees). we have been able to define the solution structure of the dissimilatory nitrite reductase of achromobacter xylosoxidans (axnir), an enzyme for which there are conflicting reports as to the nature of its multimeric structure. quantitative interpretation of t ... | 1993 | 8338833 |