| [pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of azithromycin (zithromac), a novel 15-membered ring macrolide antibacterial agent]. | azithromycin (zithromac), a 15-membered ring macrolide antibacterial agent, was approved to be manufactured in japan in march 2000. it showed good in vitro and/or in vivo antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, peptostreptococcus micros, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae. its activity against h. influenzae was particularly more potent than that of currently used macrolide ... | 2001 | 11411344 |
| concentrations of gatifloxacin in plasma and pulmonary compartments following a single 400 mg oral dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. | the concentrations of gatifloxacin achieved after a single 400 mg oral dose were measured in plasma, epithelial lining fluid (elf), alveolar macrophages (ams) and bronchial mucosa (bm) using a microbiological assay. fourteen patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy were studied. mean plasma, elf, ams and bm concentrations, respectively, at 2, 4 and 12 h were as follows: 2 h: 3.96 mg/l, 6.00 mg/l, 69.10 mg/l, 6.24 mg/kg; 4 h: 3.22 mg/l, 6.16 mg/l, 77.32 mg/l, 5.32 mg/kg; 12 h: 1.74 mg/l, 2.98 ... | 2001 | 11418513 |
| microbiology of otitis media in the paris, france, area from 1987 to 1997. | to investigate epidemiologic trends in the bacteriology of acute otitis media, data were recorded during a 10-year period by the same group of investigators during clinical studies in pediatric outpatients. | 2001 | 11419497 |
| ecological effects on the oro- and nasopharyngeal microflora in children after treatment of acute otitis media with cefuroxime axetil or amoxycillin-clavulanate as suspensions. | to evaluate if the extent of normal microflora disturbances differed between treatment with amoxycillin-clavulanate administered in an active form and cefuroxime axetil administered as an inactive prodrug. | 2001 | 11422249 |
| the crisis of resistant pathogens in respiratory tract infections--use of pharmacodynamic principles. | infectious disease experts and public health officials continue to warn the medical community and the public that more strains of respiratory tract pathogens are becoming resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to eradicate them. the inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat viral infections has contributed to the development of multidrug resistance in the 3 key bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrh ... | 2001 | 11424585 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels. | we have developed a pcr-based assay which allows the detection of staphylococci at the genus level by targeting the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor tu. degenerate pcr primers derived from consensus regions of several tuf genes were used to amplify a target region of 884 bp from 11 representative staphylococcal species. subsequently, the entire nucleotide sequence of these amplicons was determined. the analysis of a multiple alignment of these sequences revealed regions conserved am ... | 2001 | 11427566 |
| direct detection of legionella species from bronchoalveolar lavage and open lung biopsy specimens: comparison of lightcycler pcr, in situ hybridization, direct fluorescence antigen detection, and culture. | we developed a rapid thermocycling, real-time detection (also known as real-time pcr) method for the detection of legionella species directly from clinical specimens. this method uses the lightcycler (roche molecular biochemicals, indianapolis, ind.) and requires approximately 1 to 2 h to perform. both a legionella genus pcr assay and legionella pneumophila species-specific pcr assay were designed. a total of 43 archived specimens from 35 patients were evaluated, including 19 bronchoalveolar lav ... | 2001 | 11427579 |
| bacteriological and pcr analysis of clinical material aspirated from otitis media with effusions. | otitis media with effusions (ome) can lead to significant hearing loss in childhood. although previous studies have shown that bacterial dna is present in a significant percentage of effusions sterile by culture, whether the dna represents viable organisms or 'fossilized remains' is unknown. the aim of the present study was the determination of streptococcus pneumonia, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenza in the clinical materials from ome. for this purpose, effusion samples aspirated ... | 2001 | 11434953 |
| levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: second look. | | 2001 | 11441827 |
| in vitro activity of abt-773 versus macrolides and quinolones against resistant respiratory tract pathogens. | abt-773, a novel ketolide, was compared to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin against antibiotic-resistant strains recently isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections. mics were determined by agar dilution using standard nccls methodology. abt-773 (mic(90) 0.06 mg/l) was more active than the macrolides (mic(90) > or = 2 mg/l) and fluoroquinolones (mic(90) > or = 0.5 mg/l) against penicilli ... | 2001 | 11448561 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| once-daily oral gatifloxacin versus oral levofloxacin in treatment of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections: double-blind, multicenter, randomized study. | this was a double-blind, multicenter study in which 410 adults (> or =18 years of age) with uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) were randomized to receive either 400 mg of gatifloxacin orally once daily or 500 mg of levofloxacin orally once daily for 7 to 10 days. the study protocol called for four assessments-before and during treatment, at the end of treatment, and posttreatment. efficacy evaluations included clinical response and bacterial eradication rates. of 407 treated p ... | 2001 | 11451697 |
| in vitro activities of abt-773, a new ketolide, against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | the comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against 207 aerobic and 162 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed that erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal strains were susceptible to abt-773 (< or =0.125 microg/ml); the mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited for haemophilus influenzae and other haemophilus spp. was 4 microg/ml; and all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevotella species strains were inhibited by < or =0.125 microg/ml. among the anaerobes teste ... | 2001 | 11451698 |
| the efficacy and safety of two oral moxifloxacin regimens compared to oral clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | an international multi-centre, randomized, prospective, double-blind study compared oral moxifloxacin (200 mg or 400 mg once daily for 10 days) with oral clarithromycin (500 mg, twice daily for 10 days) in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). the clinical success rate in the evaluable population at the primary efficacy assessment, 3-5 days after the end of study treatment, was 93.9% in patients treated with 200 mg moxifloxacin; 94.4%, with 400 mg moxifloxacin; and 94.3%, with cla ... | 2001 | 11453311 |
| bacteriology of acute otitis media in a cohort of finnish children followed for the first two years of life. | timely information on the bacteriology of primary, noncomplicated acute otitis media (aom) may today be needed more than ever, because of the increasing antimicrobial resistance of its major bacterial causes and because of the potential of new pneumococcal and other bacterial vaccines for prevention of aom. | 2001 | 11465836 |
| bacteriology and beta-lactamase activity in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | to assess the bacteriology of beta-lactamase (bl) enzyme activity in sputum of 40 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). | 2001 | 11468101 |
| comparison of the bact/alert pf pediatric fan blood culture bottle with the standard pediatric blood culture bottle, the pedi-bact. | the performance of the bact/alert pf (organon-teknika corp., durham, n.c.), a new nonvented pediatric fan blood culture bottle, was compared to that of the original pediatric bottle, the pedi-bact, with matched aerobic cultures obtained from two separate facilities. a total of 244 clinically significant isolates were recovered from 4,015 compliant pairs. among the positive cultures, 170 (70%) isolates were detected in both the bact/alert pf and the pedi-bact bottles, while 47 (19%) isolates were ... | 2001 | 11474007 |
| development of conventional and real-time pcr assays for detection of legionella dna in respiratory specimens. | the development and validation of a pcr assay based on the use of new 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-targeted primers to detect legionella dna in respiratory specimens are described. the assay was originally developed as conventional pcr followed by electrophoretic detection and was then adapted to lightcycler format with sybr green i detection and melting curve analysis. the 73 legionella pneumophila strains tested were amplified with both applications. in addition, 21 and 23 out of 27 other legionel ... | 2001 | 11474011 |
| susceptibility of a variety of clinical isolates to linezolid: a european inter-country comparison. | using standardized in vitro susceptibility tests, 3382 bacteria recently isolated from skin, blood or respiratory tract infections were analysed for their susceptibility to linezolid, a new oxazolidinone, and a number of comparator antibacterial agents. isolates originated in france, italy, germany, spain, sweden, the netherlands and the uk. laboratories in each country independently conducted broth microdilution susceptibility tests using nccls methods and epsilonometry (etest). isolates of gra ... | 2001 | 11474632 |
| genetic trends in a population evolving antibiotic resistance. | the evolution of antibiotic resistance provides a well-documented, rapid, and recent example of a selection driven process that has occurred in many bacterial species. an exhaustive collection of moraxella catarrhalis that spans a transition to chromosomally encoded penicillin resistance was used to analyze genetic changes accompanying the transition. the population was characterized by high haplotypic diversity with 148 distinct haplotypes among 372 isolates tested at three genomic regions. the ... | 2001 | 11475047 |
| the microbiologic and immunologic basis for recurrent otitis media in children. | otitis media is very common in children. a subpopulation of children, representing 5-10% of the general population, are otitis prone and they experience 4 or more episodes of acute otitis media (aom) in the first year of life. nasopharyngeal colonization with the three major middle ear pathogens, s. pneumoniae, nontypeable h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis is frequent in otitis prone children and is directly related to the frequency of aom. colonization stimulates the production of mucosal as wel ... | 2001 | 11475577 |
| effect of amoxycillin with or without clavulanate on adenoid bacterial flora. | the effect of antimicrobial therapy with amoxycillin (amx) or co-amoxiclav (amc) on the adenoid bacterial flora of 45 children with recurrent otitis media (rom), scheduled for elective adenoidectomy, was studied. patients were randomized before surgery into three groups of 15, having had either no antibiotic therapy (control), or 10 days of therapy with amx or amc. core adenoid tissues were quantitatively cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora was pres ... | 2001 | 11481299 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel igd-binding protein from moraxella catarrhalis. | a novel surface protein of the bacterial species moraxella catarrhalis that displays a high affinity for igd (mid) was solubilized in empigen and isolated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the apparent molecular mass of monomeric mid was estimated to approximately 200 kda by sds-page. the mid gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the complete mid nucleotide gene sequence was determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence consists of 2123 residues. the sequence of m ... | 2001 | 11489995 |
| infectious etiologies in acute exacerbation of copd. | acute exacerbation (ae) is a frequent episode during the prolonged chronic course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), which entails significant morbidity and mortality. the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency distribution of infectious etiologies in these episodes. two hundred forty hospitalizations for aecopd were included in a prospective, purely serologically based study. paired sera were obtained for each of the hospitalizations and were tested using immunofluor ... | 2001 | 11502375 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ... | 2001 | 11502514 |
| efficacies of abt-773, a new ketolide, against experimental bacterial infections. | abt-773 is a novel ketolide effective against antibacterial-resistant respiratory tract pathogens. the pharmacokinetic profile of abt-773 was studied in rats and consisted of a mean peak concentration in plasma of 1.07 microg/ml and an area under the concentration-time curve (auc) of 12.03 microg. h/ml when the compound was delivered at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. it concentrated in rat lung tissue, with a lung tissue-to-plasma ratio of 29 based on the auc. in acute systemic infections in ... | 2001 | 11502533 |
| multi-resistance to antimicrobial agents for the ten most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens. | cross-resistance and multi-resistance to selected antibiotics was determined for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae often showed cross-resistance to ss-lactam antibiotics. only 1% of the escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics ... | 2001 | 11516938 |
| effects of moxifloxacin on neutrophil phagocytosis, burst production, and killing as determined by a whole-blood cytofluorometric method. | | 2001 | 11523529 |
| microbiological profile of telithromycin, the first ketolide antimicrobial. | telithromycin, the first of the ketolide antimicrobials, has been specifically designed to provide potent activity against common and atypical/intracellular or cell-associated respiratory pathogens, including those that are resistant to beta-lactams and/or macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminb (mls(b)) antimicrobials. against gram-positive cocci, telithromycin possesses more potent activity in vitro and in vivo than the macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin. it retains its activity against e ... | 2001 | 11523558 |
| pcr detection and molecular identification of chlamydiaceae species. | recent taxonomic developments, based on 16s and 23s rrna gene sequences, have divided the family chlamydiaceae into two genera and nine species, of which five have been found to infect humans. few simple methods are available to detect and identify all species sensitively and specifically. in this study the suitability of the omp2 gene as a target for molecular identification of chlamydiaceae is demonstrated. phylogenetic analysis of partial omp2 gene sequences from all nine species agrees with ... | 2001 | 11526131 |
| quantitative detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal secretions by real-time pcr. | streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia. however, in this setting the diagnostic sensitivity of blood cultures is below 30%. since during such infections changes in the amounts of s. pneumoniae may also occur in the upper respiratory tract, quantification of these bacteria in nasopharnygeal secretions (npss) may offer a suitable diagnostic approach. real-time pcr offers a sensitive, efficient, and routinely reproducible approach to quantification. using pri ... | 2001 | 11526140 |
| identification and characterization of variable-number tandem repeats in the yersinia pestis genome. | yersinia pestis, the infamous plague-causing pathogen, appears to have emerged in relatively recent history. evidence of this fact comes from several studies that document a lack of nucleotide diversity in the y. pestis genome. in contrast, we report that variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) sequences are common in the y. pestis genome and occur frequently in gene coding regions. larger tandem repeat arrays, most useful for phylogenetic analysis, are present at an average of 2.18 arrays per 10 k ... | 2001 | 11526147 |
| pneumococcal carriage in children in the netherlands: a molecular epidemiological study. | in 1999, engelen and coworkers investigated colonization in amsterdam among 259 children attending 16 day-care centers (dccs) and among 276 children who did not attend day-care centers (ndccs). a 1.6- to 3.4-fold increased risk for nasopharyngeal colonization was observed in children attending dccs compared with ndcc children, while no difference in antibiotic resistance was found between groups. the serotype and genotype distributions of 305 nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of t ... | 2001 | 11526169 |
| copd: management of acute exacerbations and chronic stable disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are treated with oxygen (in hypoxemic patients), inhaled beta2 agonists, inhaled anticholinergics, antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids. methylxanthine therapy may be considered in patients who do not respond to other bronchodilators. antibiotic therapy is directed at the most common pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. mild to moderate exacerbations of copd are usu ... | 2001 | 11529259 |
| genome of the bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae strain r6. | streptococcus pneumoniae is among the most significant causes of bacterial disease in humans. here we report the 2,038,615-bp genomic sequence of the gram-positive bacterium s. pneumoniae r6. because the r6 strain is avirulent and, more importantly, because it is readily transformed with dna from homologous species and many heterologous species, it is the principal platform for investigation of the biology of this important pathogen. it is also used as a primary vehicle for genomics-based develo ... | 2001 | 11544234 |
| population dynamics of streptococcus mitis in its natural habitat. | the purpose of this study was to examine the genetic structure of the typical commensal streptococcus mitis biovar 1 in its natural habitat in the human oral cavity and pharynx and to investigate the role that selected microbial properties and host, spatial, and temporal factors play in determining the structure of the bacterial population. consecutive samples were collected from buccal and pharyngeal mucosal surfaces of two infants, their four parents, and two elderly individuals over a period ... | 2001 | 11553543 |
| in vitro activity of abt-773 against legionella pneumophila, its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and its use to treat guinea pigs with l. pneumophila pneumonia. | the activity of abt-773 was studied against extracellular and intracellular legionella pneumophila and for the treatment of guinea pigs with l. pneumophila pneumonia. the abt-773 mic at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)) for 20 different legionella sp. strains was 0.016 microg/ml, whereas the mic(50)s of clarithromycin and erythromycin were 0.032 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. abt-773 (1 microg/ml) was bactericidal for two l. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrop ... | 2001 | 11557455 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae among young children attending 79 kindergartens and day care centers in hong kong. | resistance to penicillin and multiple antimicrobial agents among streptococcus pneumoniae strains is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and in asia. to determine the prevalence of carriage of s. pneumoniae isolates not susceptible to penicillin in young children, we obtained nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 1,978 children (ages, 2 to 6 years) attending 79 day care centers or kindergartens. three hundred eighty-three strains of s. pneumoniae were isolated from these children. fifty-eight ... | 2001 | 11557466 |
| in vitro activity of the ketolide abt-773. | the in vitro activities of abt-773, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin were compared by testing 1,223 clinical isolates selected to represent different species and phenotypes. abt-773 was particularly potent against staphylococci (the mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited [mic(90)] was < or =0.06 microg/ml), including all strains that were macrolide resistant but clindamycin susceptible. streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci were inhibited by low concentrations ... | 2001 | 11557491 |
| comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily administration of cefdinir against typical bacterial respiratory tract pathogens. | in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, a twice-daily cefdinir dosing regimen was more effective than a once-daily regimen against common bacterial respiratory pathogens in producing 3-log(10) killing and preventing the occurrence of regrowth at 24 h. twice-daily administration is likely the more appropriate cefdinir dosing strategy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | 2001 | 11557496 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1999)]. | from october 1999 to september 2000, we collected the specimen from 430 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 17 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and patients' characteristics. of 515 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 506 strains were investigated. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus ... | 2001 | 11560054 |
| role of nasopharyngeal culture in antibiotic prescription for patients with common cold or acute sinusitis. | the aim of the present study was to assess the hypothesis that, when present in nasopharyngeal secretions, streptococcus pneumoniae. haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis play a pathogenic role early in the course of an upper respiratory tract infection. adults with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis or common cold were enrolled. participants were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive azithromycin 500 mg daily or placebo for 3 days. the effect of treatment on sym ... | 2001 | 11561799 |
| antimicrobial resistance mechanisms: what's hot and what's not in respiratory pathogens. | community respiratory tract pathogens comprise streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and a few other select, but less frequent, species such as atypical bacteria, staphylococci, and some gram-negative organisms. in addition to an array of virulence factors, these bacteria have also developed a propensity to withstand a range of antimicrobial agents. these resistance mechanisms occur as either target site or antibiotic modifications or antibiotic transportation ... | 2001 | 11562895 |
| overcoming antimicrobial resistance: profile of a new ketolide antibacterial, telithromycin. | antimicrobial resistance amongst common respiratory pathogens has increased worldwide at an alarming rate and now threatens the clinical usefulness of a number of antibacterial agents. a major concern is the selection of resistance in the community, which tends to parallel the (often inappropriate) overuse of such agents. such problems highlight the need for new antibacterial agents that retain activity against bacterial strains resistant to existing agents, and have a low potential to select fo ... | 2001 | 11566972 |
| activity of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin against typical community-acquired respiratory pathogens. | community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rtis) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developed world. they cause considerable morbidity, resulting in a major impact on public health both clinically and socioeconomically. the bacterial pathogens most commonly associated with community-acquired rtis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, with streptococcus pyogenes predominating in pharyngitis. over the past years, each of these pa ... | 2001 | 11566974 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia but is undoubtedly underdiagnosed. isolation of s. pneumoniae from blood is specific but lacks sensitivity, while isolation of s. pneumoniae from sputum may represent colonization. we evaluated a new immunochromatographic test (now s. pneumoniae urinary antigen test; binax, portland, maine) that is simple to perform and that can detect s. pneumoniae antigen in urine within 15 min. urine samples from 420 adults with ... | 2001 | 11574562 |
| diagnostic yield of a pcr assay in focal complications of brucellosis. | in order to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a pcr assay for patients with focal complications of brucellosis, we studied by pcr and by conventional microbiological techniques 34 nonblood samples from 32 patients with different focal forms of brucellosis. the samples from patients with brucellosis were paired to an equal number of control samples from the same locations of patients whose illnesses had different etiologies. thirty-three of the 34 nonblood samples (97%) from the brucellosis patien ... | 2001 | 11574607 |
| antibacterial compounds of licorice against upper airway respiratory tract pathogens. | the antibacterial activity of compounds obtained from licorice was measured against upper airway respiratory tract bacteria such as streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. among the tested compounds, licoricidin exhibited the highest activity against all tested microorganisms with an mic of 12.5 microg/ml. three coumarin derivatives, glycyrol, glycyrin and glycycoumarin also showed antibacterial activity. | 2001 | 11575586 |
| negative pressure tympanograms in children less than 2 years of age--different bacterial findings in otitis media by tympanometric results. | the interpretation of negative pressure tympanograms as indicators of the presence of middle ear fluid has been ambiguous. our purpose was to assess the occurrence and implications of negative pressure tympanograms and to study their association with bacterial pathogens in otitis media. | 2001 | 11576632 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of gar-936 tested against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive blood stream infection isolates and strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | gar-936, a new, semisynthetic glycylcycline, has shown good antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinically important gram-positive and -negative aerobic bacteria including streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, most enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus spp. the purpose of this study was to determine the activity of gar-936 against a range of gram-positive and -negative bloodstream isolates including many str ... | 2001 | 11576790 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates in argentina. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against 1,000 clinical isolates of 147 streptococcus pneumoniae (115, penicilin susceptible; 26, intermediate penicillin-resistant and 6, penicillin-resistant), 127 hemophilus influenzae (109, beta lactamasa non-producer; 18, beta lactamase producers), 95 streptococcus pyogenes (6, azytromycin-resistant), 84 moraxella catarrhalis (79, beta lactamase producers), 110 staphilococcus aureus (89, methicillin-susceptible; 21, methicilin-resistant), 98 eenterococcu ... | 2001 | 11576792 |
| rationale for treating community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with amoxicillin/sulbactam combination through pharmacodynamic analysis in the setting of aminopenicillin-resistant organisms. | in order to establish a rationale for treating community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, we assess here the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin/sulbactam, 500mg/500mg, a formulation marketed in argentina since 1988 and currently available in 17 countries, against the major pathogens, in comparison with that of a novel formulation (875mg/125mg, see j chemother 2000; 12: 223-227). in time-kill studies, both bactericidal and inhibitory activity were seen in the 1.5- and 6-h sera, obtained ... | 2001 | 11589483 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| rigid nasal endoscopy versus sinus puncture and aspiration for microbiologic documentation of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. | sinus puncture and aspiration is an invasive procedure that hinders patient enrollment in studies of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (abms). pain and minor bleeding also limit its potential diagnostic utility in clinical practice. cultures obtained by rigid nasal endoscopy were compared with those from sinus puncture and aspiration in 53 patients with abms; 46 patients were assessable. considering recovery of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, or streptococcus pneumoniae from pun ... | 2001 | 11595989 |
| high incidence of erythromycin resistance among clinical isolates of streptococcus agalactiae in taiwan. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 266 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae determined by the agar dilution method showed that 6% of isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin and 46% was resistant to erythromycin. of the erythromycin-resistant isolates, 86.3% had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) resistance phenotype (constitutive mls, 85.5%; inducible mls, 0.8%) and 13.7% had the m phenotype. | 2001 | 11600380 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,730 haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract isolates in spain in 1998-1999. | a beta-lactamase prevalence of 23% was found among 1,730 haemophilus influenzae isolates. ampicillin susceptibility was 70%, and 12% of beta-lactamase-negative strains presented diminished susceptibility to ampicillin (blnar phenotype). susceptibility of 90% was found for cefaclor and clarithromycin, whereas it was nearly 100% for cefotaxime, cefixime, azithromycin, and cefuroxime. ciprofloxacin-resistant (0.1%) and beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant (blpacr) phenotypes (0 ... | 2001 | 11600386 |
| in vivo efficacy of telithromycin (hmr3647) against streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | the in vivo activity of telithromycin against erythromycin a- and penicillin g-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae was superior to that of azithromycin, clarithromycin, cefdinir, and levofloxacin. in respiratory tract infections caused by erythromycin a-susceptible s. pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae in mice, telithromycin was more effective than clarithromycin and comparable to azithromycin. | 2001 | 11600393 |
| pathogens in the middle ear effusion of children with persistent otitis media: implications of drug resistance and complications. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common disease for which pediatricians prescribe antimicrobial agents. middle ear fluid were collected from 243 children with aom that failed to respond to a previous course of antimicrobial therapy and who had then received myringotomy from september 1997 through august 1999. bacterial cultures were done and antimicrobial susceptibilities were analyzed. streptococcus pneumoniae (21.8%) was the most common causative organism, followed by haemophilus influenza ... | 2001 | 11605810 |
| synthesis of oligosaccharide structures from the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis. | the synthesis of the octasaccharide [p-(trifluoroacetamido)phenyl]ethyl 4-o-[2-o-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-6-o-[2-o-[4-o-(4-o-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl]-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside, representing the outer part of the lipooligosaccharide from moraxella catarrhalis serotype a, is described, together with a hepta-, a hexa-, and a pentasaccaride, composing parts there ... | 1996 | 11667725 |
| a multinational, multicentre, non-blinded, randomized study of moxifloxacin oral tablets compared with co-amoxiclav oral tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing with moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) with that of coamoxiclav given three times daily for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). moxifloxacin (one 400 mg tablet daily) was administered orally for 5 days and co-amoxiclav (three 625 mg tablets daily) was given orally for 7 days. the study was randomized, non-blinded, multinational (12 countries) and multicentre (68 centres). a total of 575 patie ... | 2001 | 11675905 |
| comparative in vitro activities of five quinolone antibiotics, including gemifloxacin, against clinical isolates. | the in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin and gemifloxacin against 343 clinical isolates were compared. gemifloxacin showed the greatest activity, with mic90 values as low as 0.03-0.25 mg/l against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae, while methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., pseudomonas spp., acinetobacter spp., escherichia ... | 2001 | 11678934 |
| pathogenicity of moraxella osloensis, a bacterium associated with the nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, to the slug deroceras reticulatum. | moraxella osloensis, a gram-negative bacterium, is associated with phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a nematode parasite of slugs. this bacterium-feeding nematode has potential for the biological control of slugs, especially the grey garden slug, deroceras reticulatum. infective juveniles of p. hermaphrodita invade the shell cavity of the slug, develop into self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, and produce progeny, resulting in host death. however, the role of the associated bacterium in the pathogenici ... | 2001 | 11679319 |
| cefditoren in vitro activity and spectrum: a review of international studies using reference methods. | cefditoren, a broad-spectrum orally administered cephalosporin ester, has documented in vitro efficacy against many gram-positive and -negative pathogens and stability against clinically important beta-lactamases. we have reviewed the microbiology and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic literature regarding the spectrum and potency of this newer agent against the major etiologic agents of community-acquired respiratory infection, (streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella cat ... | 2001 | 11687308 |
| multicentre study of the in vitro evaluation of moxifloxacin and other quinolones against community acquired respiratory pathogens. | the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and trovafloxacin against 710 strains (180 streptococcus pneumoniae, 180 haemophilus influenzae, 160 moraxella catarrhalis and 190 streptococcus pyogenes) isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. mic values for moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin were 0.25/0.25, 0.03/0.03, 0.06/0.03 and 0.125/0.0125 mg/l for s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, m. catharralis and s. pyogene ... | 2001 | 11691572 |
| endophthalmitis caused by moraxella species. | to report the incidence, clinical presentation, antibiotic sensitivities, and treatment outcomes for endophthalmitis caused by moraxella species. | 2001 | 11704047 |
| nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg fc by distinct sequence segments of the eibf cell surface protein of escherichia coli. | the eib genes of escherichia coli encode surface-exposed proteins which bind immunoglobulins (ig) such as the fc fragment of human igg (igg fc) in a nonimmune manner. the eib proteins belong to a family which includes yada of yersinia, uspa2 of moraxella, and dsra of haemophilus ducreyi. this family of surface-exposed proteins shares several features, such as the ability to impart resistance to human serum complement and a tendency to exist as stable multimers. four genes, eiba, eibc, eibd and e ... | 2001 | 11705900 |
| postantibiotic effects of abt-773 and amoxicillin-clavulanate against streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | this study determined the postantibiotic effect (pae) of abt-773 versus that of amoxicillin-clavulanate against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. the paes of abt-773 and amoxicillin-clavulanate ranged from 2.3 to 6.0 h and 0 to 2.2 h against s. pneumoniae and from 2.7 to 9.1 h and 0 to 0.8 h against h. influenzae, respectively. | 2001 | 11709352 |
| in vitro activities of a new ketolide, abt-773, against multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activities of abt-773 were evaluated against 324 strains of gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant staphylococcus spp. and enterococcus spp. abt-773 had lower mic ranges, mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)s), and mic(90)s than erythromycin or clindamycin for almost all isolates tested. the mics of abt-773 were also lower than those of quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d) for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, rhodococcus spp., and streptococcu ... | 2001 | 11709359 |
| mechanism of action of the des-f(6) quinolone bms-284756 measured by supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays. | bms-284756 (t-3811me), a novel des-f(6) quinolone, was tested in the supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays against escherichia coli dna gyrase, a target of quinolones. the results suggest that bms-284756 has the same mechanism of action against dna gyrase as other quinolones and a similar level of potency. | 2001 | 11709365 |
| bacterial pathogens of otitis media and sinusitis: detection in the nasopharynx with selective agar media. | carriage rates for the bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (streptococcus pneumoniae [sp], hemophilus influenzae [hi], and moraxella catarrhalis [mc]) are of interest. culture on three selective agars was compared with culture on two standard agars to determine the more accurate method for detection of these species in the nasopharynx of healthy children. weekly samples were obtained in winter from 18 healthy children (ages 1 through 9 years) as part of a longitudinal study. a 0.1-m ... | 2001 | 11709658 |
| carbon-carbon-linked (pyrazolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with antibacterial activity against multiple drug resistant gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative bacteria. | in an effort to expand the spectrum of activity of the oxazolidinone class of antibacterial agents to include gram-negative bacteria, a series of new carbon-carbon linked pyrazolylphenyl analogues has been prepared. the alpha-n-substituted methyl pyrazole (10alpha) in the c3-linked series exhibited very good gram-positive activity with mics <or=0.5-1 microg/ml and moderate gram-negative activity with mics=2-8 microg/ml against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. this analogue was a ... | 2001 | 11711300 |
| diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in the primary care setting. | acute respiratory tract infections such as acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), acute otitis media (aom), and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (abrs) account for approximately 75% of antibiotic prescriptions written and are among the leading reasons for physician office visits in the united states. resistance of the predominant pathogens in respiratory tract infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) to available antibiotics has led clinic ... | 2001 | 11726004 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of beta-triketones admixed to melaleuca oils. | the in vitro antibacterial properties of mixtures of australian tea tree oil and niaouli oil after adding the beta-triketone complex isolated from manuka oil were tested. mic and mbc values for four different bacteria were determined applying the broth dilution method. both melaleuca oil mixtures showed good antimicrobial effects against staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis, exceeding the effectiveness of myrtol, which is well established in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchit ... | 2001 | 11731927 |
| microbiology of acute otitis media recently treated with aminopenicillins. | sparse recent data are available in the united states regarding the pathogens of acute otitis media (aom) most likely to be recovered from children recently treated with the two most frequently prescribed antibiotics, amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate (amc). | 2001 | 11734704 |
| short term oral cefixime therapy for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. | there have been few controlled studies evaluating treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis beyond the newborn period. topical therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis achieves a clinical cure but does not prevent acute otitis media (aom). | 2001 | 11734708 |
| fatal sepsis associated with acute pancreatitis caused by moraxella catarrhalis in a child. | we describe a 4-year-old boy with cornelia de lange syndrome who died of septic shock caused by moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia. at autopsy there was evidence of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with abscesses. gram-negative diplococci were seen histologically in the abscesses and pancreatic ducts. | 2001 | 11734777 |
| proliferating macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, t and b lymphocytes in the middle ear and eustachian tube mucosa during experimental acute otitis media in the rat. | although many studies focus on the increase of immunocompetent cells within the middle ear mucosa during acute otitis media it is poorly understood how this increase is mediated. the differentiation between two possible causes, i.e. immigration and local proliferation, would help to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease. therefore, the number of proliferating macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and t and b lymphocytes was studied during acute otitis media in the ra ... | 2001 | 11737056 |
| epidemiological aspects of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens. | respiratory infections are the most frequent reason for primary health care consultation. the main causes of respiratory tract infections in children are viruses and the most common types are upper respiratory tract infections: common cold, pharyngitis, otitis media and sinusitis. pneumonia is much more serious. as well as viruses, bacteria are often involved in respiratory tract infections. three bacterial species are most commonly isolated: streptococcus pneumoniae, non-encapsulated haemophilu ... | 2001 | 11738335 |
| molecular typing of paired bacterial isolates from the adenoid and lateral wall of the nose in children undergoing adenoidectomy: implications in acute rhinosinusitis. | recent studies have suggested that the origin of bacteria that enter the lateral wall of the nose and paranasal sinuses arise from the nasopharynx. the purpose of this study was to compare the molecular biological profiles of potential pathogens found in the nasopharynx and lateral wall of the nose concomittantly in children undergoing surgery for upper respiratory tract disease. | 2001 | 11743458 |
| in vitro activity of faropenem and 20 other compounds against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates and the effect of serum on faropenem mics. | | 2002 | 11751796 |
| frequency of pathogen occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility among community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the respiratory surveillance program study: microbiology from the medical office practice environment. | continuing problems of antimicrobial resistance have prompted the initiation of several surveillance programs. few, if any, of these programs focus on community-acquired respiratory tract infections seen in routine office-based practices. the respiratory surveillance program (resp; 1999-2000) in 674 community-based physician office practices in the united states determined the frequency of potential bacterial pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2001 | 11755437 |
| epidemiology of sinusitis in the primary care setting: results from the 1999-2000 respiratory surveillance program. | the respiratory surveillance program (resp) was undertaken over a 10-month period (july to april) during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. a total of 16,213 nasal swab samples were taken by primary care physicians in outpatient settings from patients diagnosed as having acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. the samples were sent to a central laboratory where a pathogen was identified and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined. a pathogen could be isolated from 34% of the samples submitt ... | 2001 | 11755439 |
| epidemiology of clinically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in the primary care setting: results from the 1999-2000 respiratory surveillance program. | to evaluate the prevalence of typical pathogens, level of resistance, and risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in the outpatient primary care setting and define current antibiotic treatment for office-based cap, the respiratory surveillance program (resp) recruited 1,200 primary care clinics during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. participating community-based physicians submitted sputum samples from patients presenting with a community-acquired respiratory ... | 2001 | 11755440 |
| clinical resistance encountered in the respiratory surveillance program (resp) study: a review of the implications for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | the respiratory surveillance program (resp) is a large-scale surveillance study of potential bacterial pathogens from respiratory tract infections that was performed over a 10-month period (july to april) during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. it is also the first study of its kind to derive its information entirely from community-based medical practices. this study, therefore, provides insight into the identity, frequency, and susceptibility of the possible pathogens isolated from p ... | 2001 | 11755441 |
| seasonal variations in nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in healthy italian children attending day-care centres or schools. | the aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variations in the prevalence of the nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens and identify factors affecting colonisation patterns in healthy children. the nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis during two seasons (autumn and spring) was evaluated in 1580 healthy children aged 1-7 years by means of a cohort study conducted in day-care centres and schools in eight italian cities ... | 2001 | 11761195 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory infections. | high occurrence of penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and reports of resistance with haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are influencing the empiric treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections and allowing the new fluoroquinolones to serve as important treatment alternatives. recent analysis of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the new fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) have s ... | 2001 | 11764770 |
| [clinical and bacteriological studies of ceftriaxone (ctrx) once daily administration in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections]. | clinical studies of ceftriaxone (ctrx) were performed at a dose of 40 mg/kg once daily to evaluate its pharmacokinetics, and clinical and bacteriological efficacies in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections. the following results were obtained. 1. of 45 patients, clinical responses to ctrx were excellent in 34 (75.6%), good in 9 (20.0%) and poor in 2 (4.4%), indicating the overall efficacy rate of 95.6%. 2. haemophilus influenzae (23 strains), streptococcus pneumoniae (20 strains) ... | 2001 | 11771335 |
| [clinical aspects and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children]. | the authors report a prospective study conducted in one of the general pediatrics unit. one hundred one children, aged 20 days to 12 years, admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infections have been studied on clinical paraclinicals and etiology grounds. all children had a chest ray roentgenogram, a total blood cell count and c-reactive protein. the detection of a viral agent in nasopharyngeal aspirate by immunofluorescent technic were performed. 85% of patients have bronchiolitis, the che ... | 2001 | 11771431 |
| ertapenem: a new carbapenem. | ertapenem is a new 1-beta-methyl carbapenem, stable to dehydropeptidase, which binds preferable to penicillin-binding proteins (pbp) 2 and 3. ertapenem has a broad antibacterial spectrum with mic90 values < 0.5 mg/l for penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., serratia spp., proteus spp., clostridium perfringens, fusobact ... | 2001 | 11772242 |
| multiplex lightcycler pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens. | a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay for detecting and differentiating bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs was developed. this assay (lc-pcr-is) targets the insertion sequences is481 and is1001 of b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, respectively, and is performed using the lightcycler (roche molecular biochemicals, indianapolis, ind.). the analytical sensitivity is less than one organism per reaction. results for bordetella culture and/or direct fluorescent ... | 2002 | 11773099 |
| progress in the prevention of otitis media through immunization. | to review the progress that has been made in developing effective vaccines against the major bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media. | 2002 | 11773835 |
| moraxella catarrhalis meningitis: a case report. | | 2000 | 11775241 |
| update on the development and use of viral and bacterial vaccines for the prevention of acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most frequent diagnosis in physician offices among children 1-4 years of age. viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections (i.e., respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], influenza virus, parainfluenza virus [piv], and others) play an important role in the development of aom. prevention of infections with these viral pathogens likely would reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza virus vaccines showed 30-36% efficacy against the develop ... | 2001 | 11775392 |
| moraxella catarrhalis: from emerging to established pathogen. | moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. during this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for m. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular ... | 2002 | 11781271 |
| comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin and fluoroquinolones against recent european clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against gram-positive aerobes, was compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against 21,464 recent isolates from 16 european countries. gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone against streptococci including penicillin-, macrolide- and ciprofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, acinetobacter spp., haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. this drug was ... | 2001 | 11783700 |
| clinical management of respiratory tract infections in the community: experience with telithromycin. | among adults, acute sinusitis, tonsillitis/pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) are the most commonly encountered respiratory tract infections (rtis) in the community. empiric antibacterial therapy is the most widely used approach for the treatment of such infections. the appropriate antibacterial requires consideration of a number of patient-, pathogen- and drug-related factors. one additional factor is the global spread of resista ... | 2001 | 11785852 |
| in vitro activities of bms-284756 against chlamydia trachomatis and recent clinical isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. | the in vitro activities of bms-284756 (a novel des-fluoroquinolone), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were tested against 5 strains of chlamydia trachomatis and 20 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. the mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of the isolates were killed by bms-284756 for all isolates of c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis was 0.015 microg/ml (range, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml). bms-284756 was the most active ... | 2002 | 11796366 |
| activities of faropenem, an oral beta-lactam, against recent u.s. isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activities of faropenem and other antimicrobial agents were determined against 4,725 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 2,614 haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 1,193 moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 273 u.s. laboratories during 1999. faropenem mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.008, 0.25, and 1 microg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant s. pneumoniae strains, respectively; 0.5 and 1 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-positive and -n ... | 2002 | 11796376 |
| specific ligand binding attributable to individual epitopes of gonococcal transferrin binding protein a. | the gonococcal transferrin receptor complex comprises two iron-regulated proteins, tbpa and tbpb. tbpa is essential for transferrin-iron uptake and is a tonb-dependent integral outer membrane protein. tbpb is thought to increase the efficiency of iron uptake from transferrin and is lipid modified and surface exposed. to evaluate the structure-function relationships in one of the components of the receptor, tbpa, we created constructs that fused individual putative loops of tbpa with amino-termin ... | 2002 | 11796606 |
| antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against respiratory pathogens isolated from children in japan. | there is an increasing spread and incidence of penicillin-resistant bacteria that are becoming less susceptible to commonly prescribed oral antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins. against this background, we undertook this study to determine the prevalence of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and the in-vitro activity of oral antimitrobials. between april 1996 and december 1997, in 245 children with respiratory tract infections (bronchitis in 61, pharyngitis i ... | 1999 | 11810485 |