| intercellular communications in multispecies oral microbial communities. | the oral cavity contains more than 700 microbial species that are engaged in extensive cell-cell interactions. these interactions contribute to the formation of highly structured multispecies communities, allow them to perform physiological functions, and induce synergistic pathogenesis. co-adhesion between oral microbial species influences their colonization of oral cavity and effectuates, to a large extent, the temporal and spatial formation of highly organized polymicrobial community architec ... | 2014 | 25071741 |
| discovery of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponema spp. in the dairy herd environment by a targeted deep-sequencing approach. | the bacteria associated with the infectious claw disease bovine digital dermatitis (dd) are spirochetes of the genus treponema; however, their environmental reservoir remains unknown. to our knowledge, the current study is the first report of the discovery and phylogenetic characterization of rrna gene sequences from dd-associated treponemes in the dairy herd environment. although the spread of dd appears to be facilitated by wet floors covered with slurry, no dd-associated treponemes have been ... | 2014 | 24814794 |
| effects of ph and lactate on hydrogen sulfide production by oral veillonella spp. | indigenous oral bacteria in the tongue coating such as veillonella have been identified as the main producers of hydrogen sulfide (h2s), one of the major components of oral malodor. however, there is little information on the physiological properties of h2s production by oral veillonella such as metabolic activity and oral environmental factors which may affect h2s production. thus, in the present study, the h2s-producing activity of growing cells, resting cells, and cell extracts of oral veillo ... | 2014 | 24795374 |
| common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. | background. since 2000, studies, experiments, and clinical observations revealed high prevalence of periodontal diseases among children and adolescents. therefore, this paper was designed to provide an update for dental practitioners on epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. methods. this paper reviews the current literature concerning periodontal diseases in pediatric dentistry. it includes medline databas ... | 2014 | 25053946 |
| pathogenic microbes, the microbiome, and alzheimer's disease (ad). | | 2014 | 24982633 |
| treatment alternatives to negotiate peri-implantitis. | peri-implant diseases are becoming a major health issue in dentistry. despite the magnitude of this problem and the potential grave consequences, commonly acceptable treatment protocols are missing. hence, the present paper reviews the literature treatment of peri-implantitis in order to explore their benefits and limitations. treatment of peri-implantitis may include surgical and nonsurgical approaches, either individually or combined. nonsurgical therapy is aimed at removing local irritants fr ... | 2014 | 26556414 |
| treponema denticola upregulates mmp-2 activation in periodontal ligament cells: interplay between epigenetics and periodontal infection. | periodontal pathogens initiate chronic dysregulation of inflammation and tissue homeostasis that characterize periodontal disease. to better understand oral microbe-host tissue interactions, we investigated expression and activation of mmp-2 in periodontal ligament cells following treponema denticola challenge. | 2014 | 24973519 |
| filifactor alocis: the newly discovered kid on the block with special talents. | infection-induced periodontal disease has been primarily focused on a small group of periodontal pathogens. a paradigm shift, based on data emerging from the oral microbiome project, now suggests the involvement of as-yet-unculturable and fastidious organisms. collectively, these studies have demonstrated that there are changes in the periodontal status associated with shifts in the composition of the bacterial community in the periodontal pocket. in addition, it is likely that the emerging new ... | 2014 | 24898946 |
| photodynamic therapy as novel treatment for halitosis in adolescents: a case series study. | halitosis is a common problem that affects a large portion of the population worldwide. the origin of this condition is oral in 90% of cases and systemic in 10% of cases. the foul odor is caused mainly by volatile sulfur compounds produced by gram-negative bacteria. however, it has recently been found that anaerobic gram-positive bacteria also produce hydrogen sulfide (h2s) in the presence of amino acids, such as cysteine. light with and without the combination of chemical agents has been used t ... | 2014 | 25653814 |
| massive parallel sequencing provides new perspectives on bacterial brain abscesses. | rapid development within the field of massive parallel sequencing (mps) is about to bring this technology within reach for diagnostic microbiology laboratories. we wanted to explore its potential for improving diagnosis and understanding of polymicrobial infections, using bacterial brain abscesses as an example. we conducted a prospective nationwide study on bacterial brain abscesses. fifty-two surgical samples were included over a 2-year period. the samples were categorized as either spontaneou ... | 2014 | 24671797 |
| bacteria in the adventitia of cardiovascular disease patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis. | the incidence of atherosclerosis is significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). infection is one factor that may be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. the cause of ra and atherosclerosis is unknown, and infection is one of the factors that may be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. the aims of this study were to identify bacteria in the aortic adventitia of patients with cardiovascular disease (cvd) in the presence and absence of ra, and to determine the effect o ... | 2014 | 24874661 |
| auranofin and related heterometallic gold(i)-thiolates as potent inhibitors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. | a series of new heterometallic gold(i) thiolates containing ferrocenyl-phoshines were synthesized. their antimicrobial properties were studied and compared to that of fda-approved drug, auranofin (ridaura), prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. mic in the order of one digit micromolar were found for most of the compounds against gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and ca mrsa strains us300 and us400. remarkably, auranofin inhibited s. aureus, us300 and us400 in the order ... | 2014 | 24935090 |
| altered oral viral ecology in association with periodontal disease. | the human oral cavity is home to a large and diverse community of viruses that have yet to be characterized in patients with periodontal disease. we recruited and sampled saliva and oral biofilm from a cohort of humans either periodontally healthy or with mild or significant periodontal disease to discern whether there are differences in viral communities that reflect their oral health status. we found communities of viruses inhabiting saliva and the subgingival and supragingival biofilms of eac ... | 2014 | 24846382 |
| microbial community profiling of human saliva using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. | human saliva is clinically informative of both oral and general health. since next generation shotgun sequencing (ngs) is now widely used to identify and quantify bacteria, we investigated the bacterial flora of saliva microbiomes of two healthy volunteers and five datasets from the human microbiome project, along with a control dataset containing short ngs reads from bacterial species representative of the bacterial flora of human saliva. genius, a system designed to identify and quantify bacte ... | 2014 | 24846174 |
| bacteria and bacterial dna in atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysmal wall biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis. | several studies have reported an association between chronic periodontitis (cp) and cardiovascular diseases. detection of periodontopathogens, including red complex bacteria (rcb), in vascular lesions has suggested these bacteria to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. | 2014 | 25006361 |
| prevalence of clinical periodontitis and putative periodontal pathogens among south indian pregnant women. | in view of recent understanding of the association of periodontal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the present investigation was undertaken to study the periodontal infections among 390 asymptomatic pregnant women and to find an association of bacterial etiologies with the disease. prevalence of gingivitis was 38% and clinical periodontitis was 10% among the study population. subgingival plaque specimens were subjected to multiplex pcr targeting ten putative periodontopathogenic bacter ... | 2014 | 24899898 |
| effect of nicotine and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on endothelial cells in vitro. | smoking is considered a significant risk factor for both periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (cvd). endothelial cells play an important role in the progression of both diseases. in the present study, we investigated in vitro the impact of nicotine on functional properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) of periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis. huvecs were stimulated with different concentrations of nicotine (10 µm-10 ... | 2014 | 24820118 |
| genetic and intervention studies implicating complement c3 as a major target for the treatment of periodontitis. | chronic periodontitis is induced by a dysbiotic microbiota and leads to inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting connective tissue and bone. the third component of complement, c3, is a point of convergence of distinct complement activation mechanisms, but its involvement in periodontitis was not previously addressed. we investigated this question using two animal species models, namely, c3-deficient or wild-type mice and nonhuman primates (nhps) locally treated with a potent c3 inhibitor (th ... | 2014 | 24808362 |
| subgingival bacteria in ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss. | this study describes subgingival bacterial profiles associated with clinical periodontal status in ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss. | 2014 | 24834145 |
| resolution of localized chronic periodontitis associated with longstanding calculus deposits. | this report, which is based on nonstandardized serial radiographs obtained over a period of 15 years, documents a case of localized chronic periodontitis associated with progressive deposition of calculus on the distal aspect of a mandibular second molar. the site was treated by scaling and root planing, followed by a course of adjunctive systemic azithromycin. treatment yielded favorable reductions in probing depth and clinical inflammation, leaving only few isolated sites with pockets no deepe ... | 2014 | 24876977 |
| life in a diverse oral community - strategies for oxidative stress survival. | while the oral cavity harbors more than 680 bacterial species, the interaction and association of selected bacterial species play a role in periodontal diseases. bacterial species including porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia, a consortium previously designated as the "red complex" is now being expanded to include other new emerging pathogens that are significantly associated with periodontal disease. | 2014 | 26744578 |
| self-perceived halitosis and oral hygiene habits among undergraduate dental students. | halitosis or oral malodor is characterized by unpleasant odor arising from the oral cavity. the prevalence of halitosis however is not studied extensively. the aim of this study was to evaluate the self perception of oral malodor and oral hygiene habits amongst dental students. | 2014 | 25024551 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms associate with microbiogical agents in periodontal disease: our experience. | periodontics has evolved from a simplistic model to a more complex interplay between infection and host response. genetic factors have been a new addition to the list of risk factors for periodontal diseases. the processes leading to destruction and regeneration of the destroyed tissues are of great interest to both researchers and clinicians. the selective susceptibility of subjects for periodontitis has remained an enigma and wide varieties of risk factors have been implicated for the manifest ... | 2014 | 24843315 |
| invasion of oral and aortic tissues by oral spirochete treponema denticola in apoe(-/-) mice causally links periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. | treponema denticola is a predominantly subgingival oral spirochete closely associated with periodontal disease and has been detected in atherosclerosis. this study was designed to evaluate causative links between periodontal disease induced by chronic oral t. denticola infection and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic apoe(-/-) mice. apoe(-/-) mice (n = 24) were orally infected with t. denticola atcc 35404 and were euthanized after 12 and 24 weeks. t. denticola genomic dna was detected in oral pla ... | 2014 | 24566627 |
| gingival tissue transcriptomes identify distinct periodontitis phenotypes. | the currently recognized principal forms of periodontitis-chronic and aggressive-lack an unequivocal, pathobiology-based foundation. we explored whether gingival tissue transcriptomes can serve as the basis for an alternative classification of periodontitis. we used cross-sectional whole-genome gene expression data from 241 gingival tissue biopsies obtained from sites with periodontal pathology in 120 systemically healthy nonsmokers with periodontitis, with available data on clinical periodontal ... | 2014 | 24646639 |
| periodontal conditions, low birth weight and preterm birth among postpartum mothers in two tertiary health facilities in uganda. | literature reports have indicated an increase in research evidence suggesting association between periodontal disease and the risk of pre-term birth (ptb) and low birth weight (lbw). periodontal diseases in uganda have been documented as a public health problem, but their association to adverse pregnancy outcomes is unknown. this study was conducted to assess the association between periodontital diseases in postpartum mothers and ptb and lbw of babies in mulago and mbarara referral hospitals. | 2014 | 24773772 |
| a periodontitis-associated multispecies model of an oral biofilm. | while single-species biofilms have been studied extensively, we know notably little regarding multispecies biofilms and their interactions. the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an in vitro multispecies dental biofilm model that aimed to mimic the environment of chronic periodontitis. | 2014 | 24778902 |
| identification of microbial pathogens in periodontal disease and diabetic patients of south indian population. | periodontitis have been referred to as the sixth complication of diabetes found in high prevalence among diabetic patients than among healthy controls. the aim of the present study was to examine the periodontal disease status among collected dental plaque samples. chromosomal dna was isolated and amplified by universal primers. the dna was sequenced for bacterial confirmation and phylogenetic analysis performed for the evolutionary relationship with other known pathogens. no amplification produ ... | 2014 | 24966528 |
| protein biomarkers of periodontitis in saliva. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tissues that surround and support the teeth and is initiated by inappropriate and excessive immune responses to bacteria in subgingival dental plaque leading to loss of the integrity of the periodontium, compromised tooth function, and eventually tooth loss. periodontitis is an economically important disease as it is time-consuming and expensive to treat. periodontitis has a worldwide prevalence of 5-15% and the prevalence of severe diseas ... | 2014 | 24944840 |
| importance of diversity in the oral microbiota including candida species revealed by high-throughput technologies. | taking advantage of high-throughput technologies, deep sequencing of the human microbiome has revealed commensal bacteria independent of the ability to culture them. the composition of the commensal microbiome is dependent on bacterial diversity and the state of the host regulated by the immune system. candida species are well known as components of the commensal oral microbiota. candida species frequently colonize and develop biofilms on medical devices like dentures and catheters. therefore, c ... | 2014 | 24864144 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets and heart valves. | there is evidence that advanced infectious chronic periodontal inflammatory disease may have an impact on general health including cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the ability of porphyromonas gingivalis to colonize heart valves and, subsequently, to assess whether there is an association between the presence of the dna of porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets and in degenerated heart valves. | 2014 | 24705065 |
| efficacy of a local-drug delivery gel containing extracts of quercus brantii and coriandrum sativum as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in moderate chronic periodontitis patients. | recent advances in the field of alternative medicine introduced various herbal products for the treatment of periodontitis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined extracts from quercus brantii and coriandrum sativum on periodontal indices in adult periodontitis patients. | 2014 | 25114940 |
| comparative evaluation of the efficacy of two controlled release devices: chlorhexidine chips and indigenous curcumin based collagen as local drug delivery systems. | to comparatively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of chlorhexidine (chx) chips (periocol-cg) and indigenous curcumin (cu) based collagen as adjuncts to scaling and root planning in the nonsurgical management of chronic periodontitis. | 2014 | 24963242 |
| discovery of a super-strong promoter enables efficient production of heterologous proteins in cyanobacteria. | cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes that play important roles in the global carbon cycle. recently, engineered cyanobacteria capable of producing various small molecules from co2 have been developed. however, cyanobacteria are seldom considered as factories for producing proteins, mainly because of the lack of efficient strong promoters. here, we report the discovery and verification of a super-strong promoter p(cpc560), which contains two predicted promoters and 14 predicted t ... | 2014 | 24675756 |
| phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. | determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using miseq sequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of geochip 4.0 for biogeochemical process ... | 2014 | 24671083 |
| biodegradation pattern and tissue integration of native and cross-linked porcine collagen soft tissue augmentation matrices - an experimental study in the rat. | within the last decades, collagen types i and iii have been established as a sufficient biomaterial for gbr and gtr procedures. they might also be an adequate matrix for soft tissue augmentations. however, collagen materials differ significantly regarding resorption time, biodegradation pattern and the invasion of inflammatory cells.the aim of the present study was to compare the biodegradation and tissue integration of native, differently processed and cross-linked collagen scaffolds in rats. | 2014 | 24670219 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis: major periodontopathic pathogen overview. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. this anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. the purpose of this review is to provide an overview ... | 2014 | 24741603 |
| periodontitis as a risk factor of atherosclerosis. | over the last two decades, the amount of evidence corroborating an association between dental plaque bacteria and coronary diseases that develop as a result of atherosclerosis has increased. these findings have brought a new aspect to the etiology of the disease. there are several mechanisms by which dental plaque bacteria may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes: activation of innate immunity, bacteremia related to dental treatment, and direct involvement of mediators activated by denta ... | 2014 | 24741613 |
| immuno-pathogenesis of periodontal disease: current and emerging paradigms. | periodontal disease (pd) is a highly complex disease involving many factors; however, two principal facets central to initiation and progression of the majority of pd are the composition of the microbes in the sub-gingival plaque, and the host immune response to these organisms. numerous studies point to the complexity of pd, and to the fact that despite innate and adaptive immune activation, and resultant inflammation, our immune response fails to cure disease. stunning new findings have begun ... | 2014 | 24839590 |
| atherosclerosis and alzheimer--diseases with a common cause? inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. | aging is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to pathologies such as atherosclerosis (ath) and alzheimer disease (ad). are these different pathologies, or different presentations with a similar underlying pathoetiology? | 2014 | 24656052 |
| predictive modeling of gingivitis severity and susceptibility via oral microbiota. | predictive modeling of human disease based on the microbiota holds great potential yet remains challenging. here, 50 adults underwent controlled transitions from naturally occurring gingivitis, to healthy gingivae (baseline), and to experimental gingivitis (eg). in diseased plaque microbiota, 27 bacterial genera changed in relative abundance and functional genes including 33 flagellar biosynthesis-related groups were enriched. plaque microbiota structure exhibited a continuous gradient along the ... | 2014 | 24646694 |
| characterization of aid1, a novel gene involved in fusobacterium nucleatum interspecies interactions. | the oral opportunistic pathogen fusobacterium nucleatum is known to interact with a large number of different bacterial species residing in the oral cavity. it adheres to a variety of gram-positive bacteria, including oral streptococci via the arginine-inhibitable adhesin radd. in this study, we describe a novel protein encoded by the predicted open reading frame fn1253 that appears to play a role in interspecies interactions of f. nucleatum, particularly with oral streptococci and related gram- ... | 2014 | 24643713 |
| the role of oral pathobionts in dysbiosis during periodontitis development. | an emerging concept is the tight relationship between dysbiosis (microbiota imbalance) and disease. the increase in knowledge about alterations in microbial communities that reside within the host has made a strong impact not only on dental science, but also on immunology and microbiology as well as on our understanding of several diseases. periodontitis is a well-characterized human disease associated with dysbiosis, characterized by the accumulation of multiple bacteria that play individual an ... | 2014 | 24646638 |
| application of metagenomics in understanding oral health and disease. | oral diseases including periodontal disease and caries are some of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans. different microbial species cohabitate and form a polymicrobial biofilm called dental plaque in the oral cavity. metagenomics using next generation sequencing technologies has produced bacterial profiles and genomic profiles to study the relationships between microbial diversity, genetic variation, and oral diseases. several oral metagenomic studies have examined the oral microbio ... | 2014 | 24642489 |
| bis-enoxacin blocks rat alveolar bone resorption from experimental periodontitis. | periodontal diseases are multifactorial, caused by polymicrobial subgingival pathogens, including porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia. chronic periodontal infection results in inflammation, destruction of connective tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone resorption, and ultimately tooth loss. enoxacin and a bisphosphonate derivative of enoxacin (bis-enoxacin) inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption and also contain antibiotic properties. our ... | 2014 | 24638087 |
| functional diversity of the microbial community in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients based on sole carbon source utilization. | chronic periodontitis is one of the most common forms of biofilm-induced diseases. most of the recent studies were focus on the dental plaque microbial diversity and microbiomes. however, analyzing bacterial diversity at the taxonomic level alone limits deeper comprehension of the ecological relevance of the community. in this study, we compared the metabolic functional diversity of the microbial community in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients in a creative way--to assess the sole carbo ... | 2014 | 24632674 |
| community-wide transcriptome of the oral microbiome in subjects with and without periodontitis. | despite increasing knowledge on phylogenetic composition of the human microbiome, our understanding of the in situ activities of the organisms in the community and their interactions with each other and with the environment remains limited. characterizing gene expression profiles of the human microbiome is essential for linking the role of different members of the bacterial communities in health and disease. the oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body a ... | 2014 | 24599074 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola exhibit metabolic symbioses. | porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. these bacteria have been co-localized in subgingival plaque and demonstrated to exhibit symbiosis in growth in vitro and synergistic virulence upon co-infection in animal models of disease. here we show that during continuous co-culture a p. gingivalis:t. denticola cell ratio of 6∶1 was maintained with a respective increase of 54% and 30% in cell numbers when compared with mono-culture. co-cultur ... | 2014 | 24603978 |
| xylitol, an anticaries agent, exhibits potent inhibition of inflammatory responses in human thp-1-derived macrophages infected with porphyromonas gingivalis. | xylitol is a well-known anticaries agent and has been used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of xylitol are evaluated for possible use in the prevention and treatment of periodontal infections. | 2014 | 24592909 |
| crispr-cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes. | targeted genome editing using engineered nucleases has rapidly gone from being a niche technology to a mainstream method used by many biological researchers. this widespread adoption has been largely fueled by the emergence of the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (crispr) technology, an important new approach for generating rna-guided nucleases, such as cas9, with customizable specificities. genome editing mediated by these nucleases has been used to rapidly, easily and ... | 2014 | 24584096 |
| the influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: a systematic review. | to investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. | 2014 | 24945514 |
| comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel and herbal extract gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. | local drug delivery agents can effectively deliver the antimicrobial drugs in bactericidal concentration, and have shown improved clinical outcomes when used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel versus herbal extracts' gel as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. | 2014 | 24872624 |
| filifactor alocis infection and inflammatory responses in the mouse subcutaneous chamber model. | recent microbiome studies have implicated a role for filifactor alocis in periodontal disease. in this study, we investigated the colonization and survival properties of f. alocis in a mouse subcutaneous chamber model of infection and characterized host innate immune responses. an infection of 10(9) f. alocis successfully colonized all chambers; however, the infection was cleared after 72 h. f. alocis elicited a local inflammatory response with neutrophils recruited into the chambers at 2 h post ... | 2014 | 24379289 |
| bacteriological analysis of necrotic pulp and fistulae in primary teeth. | primary teeth work as guides for the eruption of permanent dentition, contribute for the development of the jaws, chewing process, preparing food for digestion, and nutrient assimilation. treatment of pulp necrosis in primary teeth is complex due to anatomical and physiological characteristics and high number of bacterial species present in endodontic infections. the bacterial presence alone or in association in necrotic pulp and fistula samples from primary teeth of boys and girls was evaluated ... | 2014 | 24676582 |
| both 25-hydroxyvitamin-d3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-d3 reduces inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells. | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissue. vitamin d3 is an important hormone involved in the preservation of serum calcium and phosphate levels, regulation of bone metabolism and inflammatory response. recent studies suggest that vitamin d3 metabolism might play a role in the progression of periodontitis. the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 25(oh)d3, which is stable form of vitamin d3 in blood, and biologically active form 1 ... | 2014 | 24587317 |
| computational prediction of the human-microbial oral interactome. | the oral cavity is a complex ecosystem where human chemical compounds coexist with a particular microbiota. however, shifts in the normal composition of this microbiota may result in the onset of oral ailments, such as periodontitis and dental caries. in addition, it is known that the microbial colonization of the oral cavity is mediated by protein-protein interactions (ppis) between the host and microorganisms. nevertheless, this kind of ppis is still largely undisclosed. to elucidate these int ... | 2014 | 24576332 |
| rankl expression in periodontal disease: where does rankl come from? | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone resorption. periodontal bone resorption is induced by osteoclasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (rankl) which is an essential and central regulator of osteoclast development and osteoclast function. therefore, rankl plays a critical role in periodontal bone resorption. in this review, we have summarized the sources of rankl in periodontal disease and explored which factor ... | 2014 | 24719884 |
| pathogens and host immunity in the ancient human oral cavity. | calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) preserves for millennia and entraps biomolecules from all domains of life and viruses. we report the first, to our knowledge, high-resolution taxonomic and protein functional characterization of the ancient oral microbiome and demonstrate that the oral cavity has long served as a reservoir for bacteria implicated in both local and systemic disease. we characterize (i) the ancient oral microbiome in a diseased state, (ii) 40 opportunistic pathogens, (iii) ... | 2014 | 24562188 |
| potential role of bacterial infection in autoimmune diseases: a new aspect of molecular mimicry. | molecular mimicry is an attractive mechanism for triggering autoimmunity. in this review, we explore the potential role of evolutionary conserved bacterial proteins in the production of autoantibodies with focus on granulomatosis with polyangiitis (gpa) and rheumatoid arthritis (ra). seven autoantigens characterized in gpa and ra were blasted against a bacterial protein database. of the seven autoantigens, proteinase 3, type ii collagen, binding immunoglobulin protein, glucose-6-phosphate isomer ... | 2014 | 24605075 |
| major membrane protein tde2508 regulates adhesive potency in treponema denticola. | the cultivation and genetic manipulation of treponema denticola, a gram-negative oral spirochaeta associated with periodontal diseases, is still challenging. in this study, we formulated a simple medium based on a commercially available one, and established a transformation method with high efficiency. we then analyzed proteins in a membrane fraction in t. denticola and identified 16 major membrane-associated proteins, and characterized one of them, tde2508, whose biological function was not yet ... | 2014 | 24586498 |
| crispr-based technologies: prokaryotic defense weapons repurposed. | to combat potentially deadly viral infections, prokaryotic microbes enlist small rna-based adaptive immune systems (crispr-cas systems) that protect through sequence-specific recognition and targeted destruction of viral nucleic acids (either dna or rna depending on the system). here, we summarize rapid progress made in redirecting the nuclease activities of these microbial immune systems to bind and cleave dna or rna targets of choice, by reprogramming the small guide rnas of the various crispr ... | 2014 | 24555991 |
| subgingival periodontal pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis in yemenis. | subgingival microbial profile associated with periodontitis has been reported to significantly differ by geographical location. the purpose of this study was to assess the association between a panel of putative periodontal bacterial pathogens and chronic periodontitis among yemenis. | 2014 | 24548674 |
| single cell genomics of uncultured, health-associated tannerella bu063 (oral taxon 286) and comparison to the closely related pathogen tannerella forsythia. | the uncultivated bacterium tannerella bu063 (oral taxon 286) is the closest relative to the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia, but is not disease-associated itself. using a single cell genomics approach, we isolated 12 individual bu063 cells by flow cytometry, and we amplified and sequenced their genomes. comparative analyses of the assembled genomic scaffolds and their gene contents allowed us to study the diversity of this taxon within the oral community of a single human donor that pr ... | 2014 | 24551246 |
| hydrogen sulfide signaling in the gastrointestinal tract. | the current literature regarding the effects of the gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (h2s) in the gastrointestinal system is reviewed. bacterial, host and pharmaceutical-derived h2s are all considered and presented according to the physiological or pathophysiological effects of the gaseous signal molecule. these subjects include the toxicology of intestinal h2s with emphasis on bacterial-derived h2s, especially from sulfate-reducing bacteria, the role of endogenous and exogenous h2s in i ... | 2014 | 23582008 |
| effect of oral administration involving a probiotic strain of lactobacillus reuteri on pro-inflammatory cytokine response in patients with chronic periodontitis. | this study aimed at evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine response (tnf-α, il-1β and il-17) in patients with chronic periodontitis administered per os with a probiotic strain of lactobacillus reuteri. in the 38 adult patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, professional cleaning of teeth was performed. two weeks after performing the oral hygienization procedures, clinical examination permitted to distinguish a group of 24 patients (group 1) in whom treatment with probiotic tablets contain ... | 2014 | 24509697 |
| looking in the porphyromonas gingivalis cabinet of curiosities: the microbium, the host and cancer association. | the past decades of biomedical research have yielded massive evidence for the contribution of the microbiome in the development of a variety of chronic human diseases. there is emerging evidence that porphyromonas gingivalis, a well-adapted opportunistic pathogen of the oral mucosa and prominent constituent of oral biofilms, best known for its involvement in periodontitis, may be an important mediator in the development of a number of multifactorial and seemingly unrelated chronic diseases, such ... | 2014 | 24506890 |
| transcriptional responses of treponema denticola to other oral bacterial species. | the classic organization by socransky and coworkers categorized the oral bacteria of the subgingival plaque into different complexes. treponema denticola, porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia are grouped into the red complex that is highly correlated with periodontal disease. socransky's work closely associates red with orange complex species such as fusobacterium nucleatum and prevotella intermedia but not with members of the other complexes. while the relationship between species ... | 2014 | 24505483 |
| inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. | the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex immune/inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the bacteria of the oral biofilm that forms naturally on the teeth. the susceptibility to periodontitis appears to be determined by the host response; specifically, the magnitude of the inflammatory response and the differential activation of immune pathways. the purpose of this review was to delineate our current knowledge of the host response in periodontitis. the role of innate immunity, the ... | 2014 | 24320956 |
| topical treatment with probiotic lactobacillus brevis cd2 inhibits experimental periodontal inflammation and bone loss. | an increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. the objective of this study was to determine whether lactobacillus brevis cd2 could inhibit periodontal inflammation and bone loss in experimental periodontitis. | 2014 | 24483135 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis lipid a phosphatase activity is critical for colonization and increasing the commensal load in the rabbit ligature model. | periodontitis is a disease of polymicrobial etiology characterized by inflammation, degradation of host tissue, and bone that irreversibly destroys the supporting apparatus of teeth. porphyromonas gingivalis contains lipid a with structural heterogeneity that has been postulated to contribute to the initiation of dysbiosis in oral communities by modulating the host response, thereby creating a permissive environment for its growth. we examined two p. gingivalis lipid a phosphatase mutants which ... | 2014 | 24478080 |
| functional screening and in vitro analysis reveal thioesterases with enhanced substrate specificity profiles that improve short-chain fatty acid production in escherichia coli. | short-chain fatty acid (scfa) biosynthesis is pertinent to production of biofuels, industrial compounds, and pharmaceuticals from renewable resources. to expand on escherichia coli scfa products, we previously implemented a coenzyme a (coa)-dependent pathway that condenses acetyl-coa to a diverse group of short-chain fatty acyl-coas. to increase product titers and reduce premature pathway termination products, we conducted in vivo and in vitro analyses to understand and improve the specificity o ... | 2014 | 24271180 |
| composition and development of oral bacterial communities. | the oral bacterial microbiome encompasses approximately 700 commonly occurring phylotypes, approximately half of which can be present at any time in any individual. these bacteria are largely indigenous to the oral cavity; this limited habitat range suggests that interactions between the various phylotypes, and between the phylotypes and their environment, are crucial for their existence. molecular cataloging has confirmed many basic observations on the composition of the oral microbiome that we ... | 2014 | 24320954 |
| inhibitory activity of salvadora persica extracts against oral bacterial strains associated with periodontitis: an in-vitro study. | the use of natural plant extracts in pharmacology, medicine and dental hygiene has found a growing interest in modern scientific research. salvadora persica is a natural tree whose fibrous branches have been approved by the world health organization for oral hygiene. periodontitis is a highly prevalent adult gingival disease that leads to bone destruction and connective tissue attachment loss. the aim of this research was assessment the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of salvadora ... | 2014 | 25737914 |
| chair-side quantitative oral-microflora screening for assessing familial correlation of periodontal status and caries prevalence. | our goal was to investigate the relationship between clinical status and the presence of carious or periodontal pathogens among parent-child familial pairs. clinical practices of risk assessment with consideration of familial pathogen interaction might reduce the need for therapy, improve patient outcomes, and ultimately reduce oral disease burden. | 2014 | 24498022 |
| in vitro-activity of oily calcium hydroxide suspension on microorganisms as well as on human alveolar osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. | findings from animal and human studies have indicated that an oily calcium hydroxide suspension (ochs) may improve early wound healing in the treatment of periodontitis. calcium hydroxide as the main component is well known for its antimicrobial activity, however at present the effect of ochs on the influence of periodontal wound healing/regeneration is still very limited. the purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of ochs on periodontopathogenic bacteria as well as on the ... | 2014 | 24475753 |
| the personal human oral microbiome obscures the effects of treatment on periodontal disease. | periodontitis is a progressive disease of the periodontium with a complex, polymicrobial etiology. recent next-generation sequencing (ngs) studies of the microbial diversity associated with periodontitis have revealed strong, community-level differences in bacterial assemblages associated with healthy or diseased periodontal sites. in this study, we used ngs approaches to characterize changes in periodontal pocket bacterial diversity after standard periodontal treatment. despite consistent chang ... | 2014 | 24489772 |
| periodontal disease bacteria specific to tonsil in iga nephropathy patients predicts the remission by the treatment. | immunoglobulin (ig)a nephropathy (igan) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the world. some bacteria were reported to be the candidate of the antigen or the pathogenesis of igan, but systematic analysis of bacterial flora in tonsil with igan has not been reported. moreover, these bacteria specific to igan might be candidate for the indicator which can predict the remission of igan treated by the combination of tonsillectomy and steroid pulse. | 2014 | 24489644 |
| the link between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis: an updated review. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a leading pathogen in chronic periodontitis, a disease process involving progressive destruction of the tissues that support the teeth. recently, the organism has been reported to produce a unique bacterial enzyme, p. gingivalis peptidyl-arginine deiminase (ppad), which has the ability to convert arginine residues in proteins to citrulline. protein citrullination alters protein structure and function; hence, ppad may be involved in deregulation of the host's signallin ... | 2014 | 24458478 |
| effects of tongue cleaning on bacterial flora in tongue coating and dental plaque: a crossover study. | the effects of tongue cleaning on reconstruction of bacterial flora in dental plaque and tongue coating itself are obscure. we assessed changes in the amounts of total bacteria as well as fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating and dental plaque specimens obtained with and without tongue cleaning. | 2014 | 24423407 |
| emerging roles of immunostimulatory oral bacteria in periodontitis development. | periodontitis is a common dental disease which results in irreversible alveolar bone loss around teeth, and subsequent tooth loss. previous studies have focused on bacteria that damage the host and the roles of commensals to facilitate their colonization. although some immune responses targeting oral bacteria protect the host from alveolar bone loss, recent studies show that particular host defense responses to oral bacteria can induce alveolar bone loss. host-damaging and immunostimulatory oral ... | 2014 | 24433922 |
| posttranscriptional regulation of oral bacterial adaptive responses. | within the past 10 years, it has become increasingly evident that posttranscriptional regulation is among the most important mechanisms used by bacteria to modulate gene expression in response to environmental perturbations. posttranscriptional mechanisms provide a much faster response and lower energy burden compared to most transcription regulatory pathways and they have the unique advantage that they can override existing transcriptional responses once the environment changes. because of this ... | 2014 | 24695639 |
| dental calculus is associated with death from heart infarction. | we studied whether the amount of dental calculus is associated with death from heart infarction in the dental infection-atherosclerosis paradigm. | 2014 | 24511535 |
| association between hypertension and periodontitis: possible mechanisms. | this review is to examine the current literatures on the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension as well as to explore the possible biological pathways underlying the linkage between these health conditions. hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are among the critical components in the development of hypertension. inflammation has received much attention recently and may contribute to a pivotal role in ... | 2014 | 24526921 |
| calculus detection technologies: where do we stand now? | epidemiological studies have implicated dental calculus as an ideal substrate for subgingival microbial colonization. therefore, the main objective of periodontal therapy is to eliminate the microbial biofilm along with the calculus deposits from the root surface by root surface debridement. over the past years, a large number of clinical and laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calculus removal by various methods. none of these conventional methods or devices was e ... | 2014 | 25870667 |
| clinical evaluation of salivary periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients before dental implant treatment. | periodontal pathogens in dental plaque are the main causative agents of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. detection of the presence of such periodontal pathogens early would serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the periodontal pathogen levels in saliva were correlated with the periodontal status of patients receiving implant treatment. | 2014 | 23745964 |
| microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. | despite the progress toward understanding the molecular pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), its cause remains elusive. genes are important but rather insufficient to explain the majority of ra cases. this review describes the novel data supporting the microbiome and its interactions with the human host as potential en('in')vironmental factors in ra pathogenesis. | 2014 | 24247114 |
| microbial role in periodontitis: have we reached the top? some unsung bacteria other than red complex. | the microbial etiology of periodontal disease has been the focus of researchers for a long time. the search for the pathogens of periodontal diseases has been underway for more than 100 years, and continues up today. despite the increasing knowledge about oral microbiota, we are not able to implicate any one particular organism that can be considered as a candidate pathogen. in fact the term "candidate pathogen" has lost its steam with a myriad of microorganisms being incriminated from time to t ... | 2014 | 24744537 |
| activation of nlrp3 and aim2 inflammasomes by porphyromonas gingivalis infection. | porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen, is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. interleukin-1β (il-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates innate immune responses and is critical for the host defense against bacterial infection. however, excessive il-1β is linked to periodontal destruction. il-1β synthesis, maturation, and secretion are tightly regulated by toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling and inflammasome activation. we found much higher levels of inflammasome compo ... | 2014 | 24126516 |
| oral bacterial communities in individuals with type 2 diabetes who live in southern thailand. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly common in thailand and elsewhere. in the present investigation, the bacteriological composition of saliva and supragingival plaque in thai diabetics with and without active dental caries and in nondiabetics was determined by differential culture and eubacterial dna profiling. potential associations between fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (biomarkers of current and historical glucose control, respectively) with decayed, missing, and filled ... | 2014 | 24242241 |
| acquisition of oral microbes and associated systemic responses of newborn nonhuman primates. | the acquisition and development of the complex oral microbiome remain ill defined. while selected species of oral bacteria have been examined in relation to their initial colonization in neonates, a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of the microbiome has been developed only in adults. the current investigation used a nonhuman primate model to document the kinetics of colonization of the oral cavities of newborns and infants by a range of oral commensals and pathogens. differences in co ... | 2014 | 24173024 |
| oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm development of periodontal pathogens. | bacterial pathogens commonly associated with chronic periodontitis are the spirochete treponema denticola and the gram-negative, proteolytic species porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia. these species rely on complex anaerobic respiration of amino acids, and the anthelmintic drug oxantel has been shown to inhibit fumarate reductase (frd) activity in some pathogenic bacteria and inhibit p. gingivalis homotypic biofilm formation. here, we demonstrate that oxantel inhibited p. gingival ... | 2014 | 24165189 |
| molecular identification and functional characterization of the human colonic thiamine pyrophosphate transporter. | colonic microbiota synthesize a considerable amount of thiamine in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp). recent functional studies from our laboratory have shown the existence of a specific, high-affinity, and regulated carrier-mediated uptake system for tpp in human colonocytes. nothing, however, is known about the molecular identity of this system. here we report on the molecular identification of the colonic tpp uptake system as the product of the slc44a4 gene. we cloned the cdna of slc44 ... | 2014 | 24379411 |
| molecular identification and functional characterization of the human colonic thiamine pyrophosphate transporter. | colonic microbiota synthesize a considerable amount of thiamine in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp). recent functional studies from our laboratory have shown the existence of a specific, high-affinity, and regulated carrier-mediated uptake system for tpp in human colonocytes. nothing, however, is known about the molecular identity of this system. here we report on the molecular identification of the colonic tpp uptake system as the product of the slc44a4 gene. we cloned the cdna of slc44 ... | 2014 | 24379411 |
| total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status in saliva of periodontitis patients in relation to bacterial load. | the detection of salivary biomarkers has a potential application in early diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal inflammation. however, searching sensitive salivary biomarkers for periodontitis is still ongoing. oxidative stress is supposed to play an important role in periodontitis progression and tissue destruction. in this cross-sectional study, we investigated total antioxidant capacity (tac) and total oxidant status (tos) in saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls and ... | 2015 | 26779448 |
| total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status in saliva of periodontitis patients in relation to bacterial load. | the detection of salivary biomarkers has a potential application in early diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal inflammation. however, searching sensitive salivary biomarkers for periodontitis is still ongoing. oxidative stress is supposed to play an important role in periodontitis progression and tissue destruction. in this cross-sectional study, we investigated total antioxidant capacity (tac) and total oxidant status (tos) in saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls and ... | 2015 | 26779448 |
| effect of air-polishing on titanium surfaces, biofilm removal, and biocompatibility: a pilot study. | the aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate morphological changes induced by glycine powder air-polishing on titanium surfaces, biofilm removal, and biocompatibility. | 2015 | 26881198 |
| analysis of protein expression in periodontal pocket tissue: a preliminary study. | the periodontal disease is caused by a set of inflammatory disorders characterized by periodontal pocket formation that lead to tooth loss if untreated. the proteomic profile and related molecular conditions of pocket tissue in periodontally-affected patients are not reported in literature. to characterize the proteomic profile of periodontally-affected patients, their interproximal periodontal pocket tissue was compared with that of periodontally-healthy patients. pocket-associated and healthy ... | 2015 | 26719749 |
| absence of bacteria on coronary angioplasty balloons from unselected patients: results with use of a high sensitivity polymerase chain reaction assay. | periodontitis is a chronic, bacterially-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, which may result in transient bacteremia and a systemic inflammatory response. periodontitis is associated with coronary artery disease independently of established cardiovascular risk factors, and translocation of bacteria from the oral cavity to the coronary arteries may play a role in the development of coronary artery disease. very few studies have used angioplasty balloons for in vivo sampl ... | 2015 | 26695491 |
| gbtools: interactive visualization of metagenome bins in r. | improvements in dna sequencing technology have increased the amount and quality of sequences that can be obtained from metagenomic samples, making it practical to extract individual microbial genomes from metagenomic assemblies ("binning"). however, while many tools and methods exist for unsupervised binning with various statistical algorithms, there are few options for visualizing the results, even though visualization is vital to exploratory data analysis. we have developed gbtools, a software ... | 2015 | 26732662 |
| beyond editing: repurposing crispr-cas9 for precision genome regulation and interrogation. | the bacterial crispr-cas9 system has emerged as a multifunctional platform for sequence-specific regulation of gene expression. this review describes the development of technologies based on nuclease-deactivated cas9, termed dcas9, for rna-guided genomic transcription regulation, both by repression through crispr interference (crispri) and by activation through crispr activation (crispra). we highlight different uses in diverse organisms, including bacterial and eukaryotic cells, and summarize c ... | 2015 | 26670017 |