| use of high resolution digital thermography to detect heterodera schachtii infestation in sugar beets. | thermography is a non-destructive method used to monitor pest and disease infestations, as it is related to changes in plant water status. surface temperature differences of the crop canopy may be an indicator of nematode infestation as the parasitation of the root system reduces evaporation of leaves. to test the potential of high resolution digital thermography to detect heterodera schachtii infestation, experiments using increasing nematode densities and different sugar beet varieties were co ... | 2004 | 15759435 |
| reproduction of heterodera schachtii schmidt on resistant mustard, radish, and sugar beet cultivars. | the reproduction of a wyoming population of heterodera schachtii was determined for resistant trap crop radish (raphanus sativus) and mustard (sinapis alba) cultivars, and resistant and susceptible sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cultivars in a greenhouse (21 degrees c/16 degrees c) and a growth chamber study (25 degrees c). oil radish cultivars also were field tested in 2000 and 2001. in the greenhouse study, reproduction was suppressed similarly by the resistant sugar beet cultivar nematop and all ... | 2004 | 19262796 |
| cloning and functional analyses of a gene from sugar beet up-regulated upon cyst nematode infection. | the cdna-aflp technique was used to isolate sugar beet genes up-regulated upon infection with the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. hairy root cultures were obtained from resistant plants carrying a beta procumbens translocation as well as from a non-resistant control. mrna was isolated from hairy root clones and sugar beet plants infected or not with the beet cyst nematode and 8000 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) were analysed. one tdf was found to be differentially expressed in both ... | 2004 | 15159641 |
| transfer of resistance against the beet cyst nematode from radish (raphanus sativus) to rape (brassica napus) by monosomic chromosome addition. | in rape ( brassica napus), no resistance to the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii is available. this study was carried out to determine the specific chromosome(s) of resistant radish ( raphanus sativus) carrying the gene(s) for nematode resistance as a prequisite to convert rape from a host into a trap crop for this pest. a raphanobrassica progeny of 25 plants was analyzed which segregated for all nine chromosomes of the raphanus genome in a genetic background of synthetic rape. the ... | 2004 | 14991110 |
| the promoter of the nematode resistance gene hs1pro-1 activates a nematode-responsive and feeding site-specific gene expression in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) and arabidopsis thaliana. | the hs1pro-1 gene confers resistance to the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) on the basis of a gene-for-gene relationship. rna-gel blot analysis revealed that the transcript of hs1pro-1 was present in uninfected roots of resistant beet at low levels but increased by about fourfold one day after nematode infection. treatments of plants with external stimuli including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as well as wounding or sa ... | 2003 | 12956533 |
| a simplified whole mount in situ hybridization protocol using dig-labelled dna probes to visualize gene activity in heterodera schachtii. | information concerning gene expression during the nematode's life cycle is rapidly accumulating as a result of different screening approaches. in the majority of the cases, the initial characterization of these genes involves determination of their temporal and tissue-specific expression patterns. this preliminary insight into the characteristics of newly isolated genes allows the formulation of a hypothesis and sets the course for further research. here, we present an optimised method to visual ... | 2002 | 12696437 |
| host suitability of rapeseed for heterodera schachtii. | because rapeseed, especially canola, has the potential to be grown in rotation with sugarbeet in the north-central region of the united states, this study was initiated to assess its susceptibility to infection by heterodera schachtii and to develop a screening method for brassica germplasm. existing methodology was adapted for growing brassica juncea, b. napus, b. rapa, brassica hybrids, and sugarbeet, beta vulgaris, in h. schachtii-infested soil to count the females that developed on the roots ... | 2003 | 19265972 |
| the companion cell-specific arabidopsis disaccharide carrier atsuc2 is expressed in nematode-induced syncytia. | cyst nematodes induce a metabolically highly active syncytial cell complex in host roots. the syncytia are symplastically isolated. because they form a strong sink, assimilates must be imported via the apoplast, thus suggesting that specific membrane-bound sugar transport proteins are expressed and activated. to identify possible candidate genes, transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing different reporter genes under the control of different promoters from arabidopsis sugar transporter genes wer ... | 2003 | 12529515 |
| an improved method for whole-mount in situ hybridization of heterodera schachtii juveniles. | an optimized protocol is presented to visualize gene expression in the sedentary beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, by whole-mount in situ hybridization. two different probes were used for genes with known expression pattern in other nematodes. vacuum infiltration of the fixative significantly increased its efficiency and resulted in a nicely preserved morphology. additional modifications were introduced to simplify and standardize the process. | 2002 | 12122430 |
| painting of parental chromatin in beta hybrids by multi-colour fluorescent in situ hybridization. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) is a relatively young crop and has a narrow gene pool. in order to introduce genetic variability into the crop, interspecific hybrids, selected from crosses with wild beets of the sections corollinae and procumbentes, have been generated. the introgressed b. procumbens chromatin carries resistance genes to beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. these lines are important for breeding of nematode-resistant sugar beet, while corollinae species are potential dono ... | 2002 | 12099348 |
| susceptibility to the sugar beet cyst nematode is modulated by ethylene signal transduction in arabidopsis thaliana. | previously, we identified arabidopsis thaliana mutant rhd1-4 as hypersusceptible to the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. we assessed rhd1-4 as well as two other rhd1 alleles and found that each exhibited, in addition to h. schachtii hypersusceptibility, decreased root length, increased root hair length and density, and deformation of the root epidermal cells compared with wild-type a. thaliana ecotype columbia (col-0). treatment of rhd1-4 and col-0 with the ethylene inhibitors 2-am ... | 2001 | 11605960 |
| a screen for arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered susceptibility to heterodera schachtii. | genetic approaches are a powerful means to elucidate plant-pathogen interactions. an in vitro screening protocol was developed to identify arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered susceptibility to heterodera schachtii, the sugar beet cyst nematode. in an initial screen of approximately 5,200 ethyl methanesulfonate-generated mutant plants, two stable mutations were identified. both mutant lines were backcrossed and were found to harbor single recessive mutant alleles. mutant line 2-4-6 shows an ... | 2000 | 19270962 |
| physico-chemical properties of the female sex pheromone of heterodera schachtii (nematoda: heteroderidae). | several physico-chemical properties of the female sex pheromone of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii were elucidated. at least one component of the pheromone can be extracted from aqueous solutions with diethyl ether. however, the pheromone has a higher solubility in water, as most of the pheromone activity remained in the water fraction. ion exchange chromatography revealed that the pheromone or at least one of its components is positively charged, whereas another pheromone component ... | 1998 | 9846605 |
| resistance to both cyst and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin. | plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. the approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. a modified rice cystatin, oc-i delta d86, expressed as a transgene in arabidopsis thaliana, has a profound effect on the size and fecundity of females for both heterodera schachtii (beet-cyst nematode) and meloidogyne inco ... | 1997 | 9301094 |
| positional cloning of a gene for nematode resistance in sugar beet. | the hs1(pro-1) locus confers resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt), a major pest in the cultivation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). the hs1(pro-1) gene was cloned with the use of genome-specific satellite markers and chromosomal break-point analysis. expression of the corresponding complementary dna in a susceptible sugar beet conferred resistance to infection with the beet cyst nematode. the native hs1(pro-1) gene, expressed in roots, encodes a 282-amino acid pro ... | 1997 | 9012350 |
| characterization of nematode resistance genes in the section procumbentes genus beta: response to two populations of heterodera schachtii. | three species of the section procumbentes genus beta, nine monosomic additions, and five translocation lines were tested for resistance to two heterodera schachtii populations. nematode population 129-v (129-virulent) was selected for virulence to resistance gene(s) transferred from chromosome 1 of beta procumbens to the diploid resistant sugar beet kws-nr1. this population is considered to be a pathotype. the unselected sib population 129-av (129-avirulent) was reared continuously on fodder rap ... | 1996 | 24162407 |
| genetic localization of four genes for nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) resistance in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) is highly susceptible to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.). three resistance genes originating from the wild beets b. procumbens (hs1 (pro-1)) and b. webbiana (hs1 (web-1), hs2 (web-7)) have been transferred to sugar beet via species hybridization. we describe the genetic localization of the nematode resistance genes in four different sugar beet lines using segregating f2 populations and rflp markers from our current sugar beet linkage map. the map ... | 1996 | 24166626 |
| high-resolution mapping of repetitive dna by in situ hybridization: molecular and chromosomal features of prominent dispersed and discretely localized dna families from the wild beet species beta procumbens. | members of three prominent dna families of beta procumbens have been isolated as sau3a repeats. two families consisting of repeats of about 158 bp and 312 bp are organized as satellite dnas (sau3a satellites i and ii), whereas the third family with a repeat length of 202 bp is interspersed throughout the genome. multi-colour flourescence in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the dna families, and has shown that these tandemly organized families occur in large heterochromatic and ... | 1996 | 8704122 |
| physical mapping and cloning of a translocation in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l) carrying a gene for nematode (heterodera schachtii) resistance from b. procumbens. | two diploid (2n=18) sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) lines which carry monogenic traits for nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) resistance located on translocations from the wild beet species beta procumbens were investigated. short interspersed repetitive dna elements exclusively hybridizing with wild beet dna were found to be dispersed around the translocations. the banding pattern as revealed by genomic southern hybridization was highly conserved among translocation lines of different origins ... | 1995 | 24173930 |
| long-range organization of a satellite dna family flanking the beet cyst nematode resistance locus (hs1) on chromosome-1 of b. patellaris and b. procumbens. | new members of a satellite dna family (sat 121), specific for wild beets of the section procumbentes of the genus beta, were isolated. sequence analysis showed that the members of sat-121 fall into two distinct classes. the organization of sat-121 in the vicinity of a beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) resistance locus (hs1) in b. patellaris and b. procumbens was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using dna from a series of resistant monosomic fragment additions ... | 1994 | 24177895 |
| construction of a yac library from a beta vulgaris fragment addition and isolation of a major satellite dna cluster linked to the beet cyst nematode resistance locus hs1 (pat-1.). | a yac library was constructed from the beta vulgaris fragment addition an5-203b. this monosomic fragment addition harbors an approximate 12-mbp fragment of b.patellaris chromosome 1 accomodating the hs1 (pat-1) conferring resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii). the yac library consists of 20,000 yac clones having an average size of 140 kb. screening with organelle-specific probes showed that 12% of the clones contain chloroplast dna while only 0.2% of the clones hybridizes w ... | 1994 | 24177891 |
| parasitism of heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne javanica by hirsutella rhossiliensis in microplots over two growing seasons. | numbers of cyst and root-knot nematodes and percentage parasitism by the nematophagous fungus hirsutella rhossiliensis were quantified in microplots over 2 years. the microplots contained either sugarbeets in loam infested with heterodera schachtii or tomatoes in sand infested with meloidogyne javanica. the fungus was added to half of the microplots for each crop. although h. rhossiliensis established in both microplot soils, the percentage of nematodes parasitized did not increase with nematode ... | 1993 | 19279790 |
| disomic and ditelosomic alien chromosome additions in beet (beta vulgaris), carrying an extra chromosome of b. procumbens or telosome of b. patellaris. | alien chromosome transmission through the female germ line as well as meiosis in pollen mother cells were studied in disomic and ditelosomic alien chromosome additions of beet. beta vulgaris, carrying an extra pair of chromosomes or telosomes of b. procumbens or b. patellaris, respectively. the alien chromosomes carried genes for resistance to the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, and screening for this resistance was used to select plants with or without the alien chromosomes. a great v ... | 1993 | 18469985 |
| transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) from sinapis alba l. (white mustard) to the brassica napus l. gene pool by means of sexual and somatic hybridization. | sexual and somatic hybrid plants have been produced between sinapis alba l. (white mustard) and brassica napus l. (oil-seed rape), with the aim to transfer resistance to the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. (bcn) from white mustard into the oil-seed rape gene pool. only crosses between diploid accessions of s. alba (2n = 24, sa1sa1) as the pistillate parent and several b. napus accessions (2n = 38, aacc) yielded hybrid plants with 31 chromosomes. crosses between tetraploid accession ... | 1993 | 24196037 |
| isolation of dna markers linked to a beet cyst nematode resistance locus in beta patellaris and beta procumbens. | in cultivated beet no useful level of resistance of the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii schm. has been found, unlike the situation in wild species of the section procumbentes. stable introgression of resistance genes from the wild species into beta vulgaris has not been achieved, but resistant monosomic additions (2n = 18 + 1), diploids of b. vulgaris with an extra alien chromosome carrying the resistance locus, have been obtained. here we describe a new series of resistant monosom ... | 1992 | 1465114 |
| transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) into the brassica napus l. gene pool through intergeneric somatic hybridization with raphanus sativus l. | an intergeneric somatic hybrid was obtained through peg-induced protoplast fusion between brassica napus l. (oil-seed rape, aacc, 2n=38) and a beet cyst nematode resistant genotype of raphanus sativus l. (fodder radish, rr, 2n=18). the hybrid nature of the regenerated plant was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, rflp-analysis, and chromosome counts. southern blot analysis of total dna using pphcps1 (rbc-l) as probe indicated that the somatic hybrid contains chloroplasts of b. napus. the mito ... | 1992 | 24202768 |
| dna markers closely linked to nematode resistance genes in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) mapped using chromosome additions and translocations originating from wild beets of the procumbentes section. | genes conferring resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) have been transferred to sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) from three wild species of the procumbentes section using monosomic addition and translocation lines, because no meiotic recombination occurs between chromosomes of cultured and wild species. in the course of a project to isolate the nematode resistance genes by strategies of reverse genetics, probes were cloned from dna of a fragmented b. procumbens chromosom ... | 1992 | 1557034 |
| analysis of dna from a beta procumbens chromosome fragment in sugar beet carrying a gene for nematode resistance. | we have begun to apply techniques for the preparation and anaylsis of large dna segments from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) addition lines carrying a mitotically stable chromosome fragment from b. procumbens that confers monogenic resistance to the nematode heterodera schachtii, with a view towards isolating the resistance gene. dna probes specific for this chromosome fragment were selected, and various methods for cloning genome-specific fragments, including probes from megabase dna separated in p ... | 1990 | 24226582 |
| suppression of cyst nematode by natural infestation of a nematophagous fungus. | penetration of cabbage roots by heterodera schachtii was suppressed 50-77% in loamy sand naturally infested with the nematophagous fungus hirsutella rhossiliensis. when heterodera schachtii was incubated in the suppressive soil without plants for 2 days, 40-63% of the juveniles had hirsutella rhossiliensis spores adhering to their cuticles. of those with spores, 82-92% were infected. infected nematodes were killed and filled with hyphae within 2-3 days. addition of kcl to soil did not increase i ... | 1989 | 19287645 |
| factors affecting the biology and pathogenicity of heterodera schachtii on sugarbeet. | a direct relationship exists between soil temperature and heterodera schachtii development. the average developmental period of two nematode populations from lewiston, utah, and rupert, idaho, from j2 to j3, j4, adult, and the next generation j2 at soil temperatures of 18-28 c were 100, 140,225, and 399 degree-days (base 8 c), respectively. there was a positive relationship (p < 0.05) between nematode pi, nematode generations, and sugarbeet yields. the greatest sugarbeet growth inhibition (87%) ... | 1988 | 19290229 |
| reproduction of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. on transformed root cultures of beta vulgaris l. | transformed hairy root cultures of beta vulgaris l., grown in petri-dishes, were inoculated with a suspension of surface-sterilized larvae of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. larvae developed into both male and female adults. juvenile larvae were hatched from the newly-formed cysts, indicating that fertilization had occurred. results of a glasshouse test showed that h. schachtii did not lose its pathogenicity after being cultured on transformed roots. this technique can be devel ... | 1987 | 24248851 |
| efficacy of using split and postplant applications of aldicarb for control of helerodera schachtii on sugarbeet. | soil temperature at planting and initial population densities (pi) significantly affected (p < 0.05) the chemical control of heterodera schachtii on sugarbeet, beta vulgaris. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) at 9.4 g/m of row effectively controlled h. schachtii, resulting in increased sugarbeet yields over the nontreated control treatment at soil temperatures at planting of 8, 12, and 16 c and pi of 4.7, 10.4, and 18.3 eggs/cm(3) at planting. a split application of aldicarb, 1.3 g/m of r ... | 1987 | 19290290 |
| a simulation model of heterodera schachtii infecting beta vulgaris. | a simulation model of a single sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., plant infected by the sugarbeet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii schmidt, was developed using published information. the model is an interactive computer simulation programmed in fortran. given initial population densities of the nematode at planting, the model simulates nematode population dynamics and the growth of plant tap and fibrous roots. the driving variable for nematode development and plant growth is temperature. | 1986 | 19294221 |
| comparative morphometrics of eggs and second-stage juveniles of heterodera schachtii and a race of h. trifolii parasitic on sugarbeet in the netherlands. | measurements of second-stage juveniles of heterodera schachtii from california and the netherlands and a race of h. trifolii from the netherlands were obtained and compared to determine if these populations can be differentiated by morphometrics. juvenile lengths of 10 specimens from each of 10 cysts of each population were measured. dimensions of tail regions of 20 juveniles from individual cysts of h. schachtii (california) and a like number of juveniles of h. trifolii (the netherlands) were a ... | 1984 | 19295897 |
| relationship between heterodera schachtii, meloidogyne hapla, and nacobbus aberrans on sugarbeet. | heterodera schachtii, meloidogyne hapla, and nacobbus aberrans either alone, or in various combinations with each other, can, when inoculated at a concentration of 12 second-stage juveniles/ cm(3) of soil, cause a significant (p = 0.01) suppression of growth of sugarbeet (cv. tasco ah14) seedlings. m. hapla and h. schachtii decreased growth of sugarbeet more than n. aberrans over a 60-day period. the adverse effect of n. aberrans on the final population/initial population (pf/pi) ratio for eithe ... | 1984 | 19295890 |
| influence of meloidogyne hapla chitwood, 1949 on development and establishment of heterodera schachtii schmidt, 1871 on beta vulgaris l. | influence of meloidogyne hapla on estahlishnrent and maturity of heterodera schachtii in sugarbeet was studied. results indicated that when the majority of m. hapla were in second, third, or fourth larval stages within plants prior to h. schachtii inoculation, growth and development of the latter was retarded. however, when m. hapla reached the young female stage prior to inoculation of h. schachtii, establishment and development of the latter was greatly enhanced. as m. hapla reached maturity b ... | 1983 | 19295848 |
| effect of plant age and transplanting damage on sugar beets infected by heterodera schachtii. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. cv. monogerm c.s.f. 1971) seeds sown into vineland fine sandy loam, infested with 15,500 h. schachtii juveniles/pot, showed little growth during an 11-week test in the greenhouse. seedlings transplanted at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age had 32, 30, and 31% less top weight and 71, 68, and 59% less root weight, respectively, compared to controls grown in nematode-free soil. nematode reproduction in both direct-seeded and transplanted sugar beets was limited and related to ro ... | 1983 | 19295846 |
| effects of selected nematicides on hatching of heterodera schachtii. | aldicarb, carbofuran, fensulfothion, and phenamiphos were tested in concentrations of 1-100 mug/ml for their effects on hatching of heterodera schachtii. exposure of cysts to 1 mug aldicarb or carbofuran/ml stimulated hatch whereas phenamiphos and, to a lesser degree, fensulfothion inhibited hatch. addition of aldicarb to sugarbeet root diffusate or 4 mm zinc chloride suppressed activities of these hatching agents. transfer of cysts previously treated with aldicarb or carbofuran to zinc chloride ... | 1983 | 19295835 |
| susceptibility of plant selections to heterodera schachtii and a race of h. trifolii parasitic on sugarbeet in the netherlands. | similar host ranges were found for heterodera schachtii and a race of h. trifolii parasitic on sugarbeet in the netherlands. twenty-nine of 41 plant accessions evaluated were susceptible to h. trifolii. five breeding lines of the interspecific hybrid beta vulgaris-b. procumbens which are resistant to h. schachtii were highly susceptible to h. trifolii. an accession of b. maritima with partial resistance to h. schachtii was resistant to h. trifolii. | 1983 | 19295803 |
| comparative response to sugarbeet and fodder beet to heterodera schachtii. | | 1983 | 19295780 |
| tolerance limit of the sugarbeet to heterodera schachtii. | field and greenhouse experiments showed that yield losses of sugarbeet, beta vulgaris, did not occur in soil infested with fewer than eight heterodera schachtii eggs/g soil. however, larger population densities greatly reduced sugarbeet yield. in the field experiment, the yield in microplots inoculated with more than 64 eggs/g soil was less than 20% of yields in uninoculated microplots. nevertheless, tolerance limits of 4 and 1.8 eggs/g soil, in greenhouse and field microplots, respectively, wer ... | 1982 | 19295696 |
| pathological interaction of a combination of heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne hapla on tomato. | increased culturing of a tomato population of heterodera schachtii (ut1c) on tomato for 480 days (eight inoculation periods of 60 days each) significantly increased virulence to 'stone improved' tomato. a synergistic relationship existed between meloidogyne hapla and h. schaehtii on tomato. a combination of h. schachtii (utic) and m. hapla significantly reduced tomato root weights by 65, 64, and 61% below root weights of untreated controls, and single inoculations of m. hapla and h. schachtii, r ... | 1982 | 19295694 |
| resistance of trisomic and diploid hybrids of beta vulgaris and b. procumbens to the sugarbeet nematode, heterodera schachtiis arnold. | trisomic and diploid hybrids of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) x wild beet (b. procumbens chr. sin.) inherited the gene for resistance to heterodera schachtii schm. from b. procumbens. the hybrids showed partial resistance to h. schachtii, manifested in failure of larvae to reach maturity. although significantly greater numbers of female nematodes developed on plants inoculated with populations from the netherlands or italy than on plants inoculated with a population from the salinas valley, calif ... | 1981 | 19300775 |
| host-parasite interaction of resistant sugarbeet and heterodera schachtii. | the host-parasite relationships between heterodera schachtii schm. and the nematode-resistant diploid beta vulgaris l. line '51501' were examined via serial sections of secondary rootlets. second-stage larvae penetrated sugarbeet roots and migrated up to 1.95 mm before establishing permanent feeding sites. most sedentary larvae were oriented parallel to the root axis or in various diagonal or folded positions in the cortex. nematodes adopted no definite orientation with regard to the root apex. ... | 1981 | 19300746 |
| pathological differences in heterodera schachtii populations. | five populations of heterodera schachtii schm. from oregon, idaho, and utah did not differ significantly in seedling penetration and rate of emergence and virulence. another utah h. schachtii population (utah 2), however, differed from these five populations in all of the above-mentioned characteristics. more h. schachtii larvae of the utah 2 population than the other populations penetrated sugarbeet seedlings at 10, 15, 20, and 25 c. root and top weights of sugarbeet plants were signiticantly l ... | 1981 | 19300743 |
| the relationship of heterodera schachtii population densities to sugarbeet yields. | sugarbeet yields were contpared with field populations of heterodera schachtii schmidt. the correlation between sugarbeet yields and viable larvae/g of soil was negative and high, but that between sugarbeet yields and viable cysts/g of soil was lower. sugarbeet yields were also compared with h. schachtii populations by years of rotation with a nonhost crop. the coefficients of correlation (r) between yield and viable larvae/g of soil were negative and high: 0 yr of rotation, -0.935; 1 yr, -0.922 ... | 1981 | 19300741 |
| the relationship between population density of heterodera schachtii, soil temperature, and sugarbeet yields. | in two glasshouse experiments, relations between sugarbeet root dry weight (y, expressed as a percentage of the maximum dry root weight), and preplanting populations of heterodera schachtii (p(i)) were described by the equation y = 100(z)(p(i)-t), in which z = a constant slightly smaller than 1, and t = the tolerance limit (the value of p(i) below which damage was not measureable). t varied with temperature; it was 65 eggs/100 g soil at 23 and 27 c and 430 eggs/100 g soil at 19 c. at 15 and 31 c ... | 1979 | 19305544 |
| residues of aldicarb and its oxides in beta vulgaris l. and systemic control of heterodera schachtii. | altlicarb residues in foliage of beta vulgaris l. 21 days after transplanting to soil treated with 1-5 mug aldicarb/g soil were proportional to residues in storage roots, but 20 times as great. initial concentrations of residues in roots 21 days after treatment were proportional to applied rates but declined by 56% when roots were stored 25 days at 24 c. mean respective concentrations of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone were 8.7, 81.6, and 9.8% of the total residues. in separat ... | 1979 | 19305527 |
| influence of population densities of heterodera schachtii on sugar beets grown in microplots. | high initial population densities of heterodera schachtii larvae (36 and 108/gm of soil) greatly retarded the seedling emergence of sugar beet 'monogerm csf 1971' in vineland fine sandy loam. in comparison with controls, initial population densities (p(i)'s) of 1.7, 3.0, 6.2, and 14.4 larvae/gm of soil respectively reduced the weight of storage roots by 38, 56, 64, and 92%. weights of tops also decreased with increases in p(i); weights of tap and small feeder roots tended to be higher at all p(i ... | 1978 | 19305852 |
| effects of cycloate on development of heterodera schachtii and growth of three beta species. | greenhouse tests were set up to evaluate the effects of the herbicide, cycloate (s-ethyl cydohexylethylthiocarbamate), oil development of heterodera schachtii and growth of three beta species. cycloate added to infested soil enhanced cyst development/gm root on b. vulgaris and larvae/gm of root in b. patellaris and b. procumbens at 4, 16, and 16 mug(a.i.)/gm of soil, respectively. total numbers of nematodes/individual root system decreased because of poor root growth of seedlings in cycloate-ame ... | 1978 | 19305818 |
| histopathology of beta vulgaris to individual and concomitant infections by meloidogyne hapla and heterodera schachtii. | histological changes in roots of beta vulgaris cultivar 'ush9a' resulting from infection of meloidogyne hapla alone, heterodera schachtii alone, or infection by both species on one feeding site were studied. anatomical changes caused by m. hapla infection were characterized by regions of hypertrophy and hyperplasia. giant cells were formed within the stele and varied in numbers from 4-7/feeding site; hyperplasia occurred in the form of a large number of relatively small compacted cells generally ... | 1976 | 19308244 |
| parasitism of beta vulgaris by meloidogyne hapla and heterodera schachtii alone and in combination. | interrelationships of meloidogyne hapla and heterodera schachtii in combinations of several population levels and different inoculation periods were studied. results indicated suppression of gall development of m. hapla in any treatment in which inoculations of h. schachtii preceded those of m. hapla by 10 days. this interrelationship was characterized by amensalism with m. hapla serving as an amensat and h. schachtii serving as an inhibitor. conversely, when inoculations of m. hapla preceded h. ... | 1976 | 19308223 |
| effects of oxime carbamate nematicides on development of heterodera schachtii on sugarbeet. | treatment of sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., with aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, or aldicarb sulfone 10 days after plants were inoculated with heterodera schachtii prevented development of the nematode, but second-stage larvae penetrated the roots. these chemicals had no measurable effects on nematodes in plants treated 15 days after inoculation. the tests established that soil treatments of aldicarb are directly or indirectly lethal to larvae developing within roots of sugarbeet. heterodera schacht ... | 1976 | 19308211 |
| self-interactions of meloidogyne hapla and of heterodera schachtii on beta vulgaris. | double inoculations of sugar beet with larvae of meloidogyne hapla resulted in a higher galling incidence in only one treatment than did a single inoculation using the same number of larvae. double inoculations with larvae of heterodera schachtii, however, resulted in three- to five-fold more cysts in most cases than did single inoculations using the same number of larvae. in general, plants died more quickly after double inoculations than after single inoculations of the same total number of ei ... | 1976 | 19308195 |
| control of heterodera schachtii with foliar application of nematicides. | foliar applications of ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate (phenamiphos) or s-methyl 1-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-n-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy] thioformimidate (oxamyl) retarded infection of sugarbeets by the sugarbeet nematode, heterodera schachtii under greenhouse conditions. maximum nematode control was obtained when treatments were applied previous to, or at the time of, inoculation of plants with the nematode. consecutive foliar applications inhibited nematode development, with four a ... | 1975 | 19308180 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo effects of aldicarb on survival and development of heterodera schachtii. | aqueous solutions of 5-500 mug/ml aldicarb inhibited hatching of heterodera schachtii. addition of hatching agents, zinc chloride, or sugarbeet root diffusate, to the aldicarb solutions did not decrease the inhibition of hatching. when cysts were removed from the aldicarb solufions and then treated for 4 wk in sugarbeet root diffusate, larvae hatched and emerged. treatments of newly hatched larvae of h. schachtii with 5-100 mug/ml aldicarb depressed later development of larvae on sugarbeet (beta ... | 1975 | 19308173 |
| population dynamics of heterodera schachtii on tomato and sugar beet. | experiments showed that development of male and female heterodera schachtii on tomato and sugarbeet are disproportionately influenced by the nematode inoculum level and root size, which together determine the density of invading larvae. slight overcrowding favored development of males over females, whereas severe overcrowding equally affected development of males and females. differential population changes of host-selected races on tested cultivars was attributable to selective development of m ... | 1975 | 19308141 |
| the composition of the cyst wall of the beet cyst-nematode heterodera schachtii. | 1. cyst walls of the beet cyst-nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt) were obtained by sieving a suspension of crushed cysts; about 15mg of dried cyst walls was obtained from 1000 cysts. 2. the cyst walls contained 68% protein calculated from nitrogen content. glutamic acid, glycine, proline and hydroxyproline made up about 54% by weight of the amino acids obtained on acid hydrolysis. 3. minor constituents of the cyst wall were hexosamine (3.3%), lipid (6%), carbohydrate (2%) and phenols (2%). ... | 1970 | 4991866 |
| effect of liquid nutrient culture, vacuum distillation and dialysis on hatching activity of sugar beet root diffusate for heterodera schachtii. | roots of sugar beets grown in liquid culture excrete substances that stimulate egg hatch and emergence of larvae from cysts of heterodera schachtii. their hatching effect is comparable to that of sugar beet root diffusate leached from soil-grown sugar beet plants. consequently, liquid culture provides a way of obtaining h. schachtii hatch-stimulant free of contaminants from soil. root diffusate, concentrated 50-fold or dried by vacuum distillation, retained hatching activity. the active principl ... | 1969 | 19325681 |
| factors influencing the emergence of larvae from cysts of the beet eelworm, heterodera schachtii schmidt. | | 1955 | 13263553 |
| controlling the sugar beet fly pegomyia mixta vill. with entomopathogenic nematodes. | sugar beet, beta vulgaris l. is a strategic crop of sugar industry in egypt. it is threatened by several insect pests among most important of them is the beet fly pegomyia mixta. this work deals with the biological control of this insect using four entomopathogenic nematodes (epns). the nematodes included steinernema carpocapsae s2, steinernema feltiae, heterorhabditis bacteriophora (hb1-3) and heterorhabditis bacteriophora s1. daily mortality of larvae and pupae of p. mixta were recorded after ... | 2011 | 22696941 |
| effects of lactofermented beetroot juice alone or with n-nitroso-n-methylurea on selected metabolic parameters, composition of the microbiota adhering to the gut epithelium and antioxidant status of rats. | an objective of this work was to assess the biological activity of beetroot juice (chrobry variety, beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris), which was lactofermented by probiotic bacteria lactobacillus brevis 0944 and lactobacillus paracasei 0920. the oxidative status of blood serum, kidneys, and liver of rats consuming the fermented beetroot juice were determined. the experimental rats were divided into four groups on diet type: basal diet, basal diet supplemented with fermented beetroot juice, basal d ... | 2015 | 26193312 |
| a description of the lactic acid bacteria microbiota associated with the production of traditional fermented vegetables in vietnam. | an important part of the daily nourishment in vietnam constitutes of fermented vegetables. bacteria and especially lactic acid bacteria play a central role in the production of many fermented vegetables. the current study was conducted to investigate the diversity of native lactic acid bacteria (lab) populations in 'dua muoi' (mustard and beet fermentation) and 'ca muoi' (eggplant fermentation), three types of popular traditional fermented vegetables of vietnamese origin. to this end a polyphasi ... | 2013 | 23500611 |
| protective effect of lactofermented red beetroot juice against aberrant crypt foci formation, genotoxicity of fecal water and oxidative stress induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine in rats model. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of beetroot juice fermented by lactobacillus brevis 0944 and lactobacillus paracasei 0920 (fbj) on carcinogen induction of aberrant crypt foci (acf) in rat colon. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (phip) was used as carcinogen, which was administrated intragastrically at a dose of 10 μg/day, every day of the experiment. additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fecal water from experimental animals in the ... | 2012 | 22995401 |
| studies on changes in microstructure and proteolysis in cow and soy milk curd during fermentation using lactic cultures for improving protein bioavailability. | cow milk curd was prepared using 2% v/v of streptococcus thermophilus dg1 and a mixed culture (0.5:1.5 v/v) of s. thermophilus dg1 and lactobacillus plantarum and incubating at 37 °c for 16 h. soy milk curd was prepared using different ratios of lactic cultures as stated earlier and also a mixed culture containing s. thermophilus dg1, l. plantarum and leuconostoc mesenteroides sub spp. mesenteroides in the ratio 1:1:1 v/v along with beet pulp (2% w/w) and incubating at 37 °c for 18 h. this impro ... | 2013 | 24426006 |
| fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of bacteroides-prevotella-porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs. | most plant-origin fiber sources used in pig production contains a mixture of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (nsp). the knowledge about effects of these sources of nsp on the gut microbiota and its fermentation products is still scarce. the aim of this study was to investigate effects of feeding diets with native sources of nsp on the ileal and fecal microbial composition and the dietary impact on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (scfa) and lactic acid. the experimen ... | 2014 | 25046106 |
| effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides consumption on the growth and expression profile of cell surface-associated proteins of a potential probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus fsmm15. | to investigate carbohydrate preference of a potential probiotic, lactobacillus rhamnosus fsmm15, six prebiotics, including two milk-derived prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides and lacto-n-biose i, and four plant-origin prebiotics, beet oligosaccharide syrup, difructose anhydride iii, fructooligosaccharides, and raffinose, were examined. the strain utilized the milk-derived prebiotics at similar levels to glucose but did not utilize the plant-origin ones in the same manner, reflecting their genet ... | 2016 | 26858929 |
| sugar beet pulp as leuconostoc mesenteroides t3 support for enhanced dextransucrase production on molasses. | sugar beet pulp (sbp) and molasses, as an agro industrial waste material, are produced in large amounts annually. thus, a major challenge nowadays is to develop procedures that could increase the value of the generated waste. in this study, sbp as a support for cell immobilization and molasses as a source of nutrients were used for a dextransucrase (ds) production by leuconostoc mesenteroides t3. the influence of sbp in native form (sbp-n) and after treatment with naoh (sbp-naoh) on ds productio ... | 2016 | 27287996 |
| leuconostoc spp. associated with root rot in sugar beet and their interaction with rhizoctonia solani. | rhizoctonia root and crown rot is an important disease problem in sugar beet caused by rhizoctonia solani and also shown to be associated with leuconostoc spp. initial leuconostoc studies were conducted with only a few isolates and the relationship of leuconostoc with r. solani is poorly understood; therefore, a more thorough investigation was conducted. in total, 203 leuconostoc isolates were collected from recently harvested sugar beet roots in southern idaho and southeastern oregon during 201 ... | 2016 | 26735061 |
| resistance and host-response of selected plants to meloidogyne megadora. | fourteen plant species, including 30 genotypes, were assessed for host suitability to meloidogyne megadora in a growth room at 20 to 28 degrees c. host suitability was based on the gall index (gi) and the reproduction factor (rf):final population density (pf)/initial population density (pi). the presence of distinct galling was observed on roots of six plant species, and reproduction occurred on five of the 14 species tested. three cultivars of cantaloupe (cvs. branco do ribatejo, concerto, and ... | 2002 | 19265922 |
| registration of m1-2 beet germplasm resistant to root-knot nematode. | | 2002 | 11756310 |
| influence of nacobbus aberrans densities on growth of sugarbeet and kochia in pots. | | 1984 | 19294044 |
| a novel production method for high-fructose glucose syrup from sucrose-containing biomass by a newly isolated strain of osmotolerant meyerozyma guilliermondii. | one osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. this selected strain, named skenny, was identified as meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial d1/d2 large-subunit domains of the 26s ribosomal rna. sk-enny was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (hfgs) from sucrose-containing biomass. conversion rates to hfgs from 310-610 g/l of pure su ... | 2016 | 26718465 |
| regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses. | we describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of mycobacterium tuberculosis , streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35a, and sugar beet. | 2012 | 22369586 |
| solanum tuber-bearing species resistance behavior against nacobbus aberrans. | naccobus aberrans is a major pest of the potato crop in the andean regions of argentina, bolivia, and perú. it is endemic in northwest argentina and is also found in lowlands. the resistance of eleven andean potato landraces and three accessions of the wild tuber-bearing species solanum acaule, s. infundibuliforme, and s. megistacrolobum were evaluated against a population of n. aberrans from coctaca, jujuy province, while solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum 'spunta', 'kennebec', and 'frital inta' ... | 2009 | 22661771 |
| diagnosis and molecular variability of an argentinean population of nacobbus aberrans with some observations on histopathology in tomato. | diagnosis of an argentinean population of nacobbus sp. infecting sweet pepper (lamuyo) was carried out including morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular studies. in light of our morphometric, molecular and host-range results, we consider the studied population to belong to n. aberrans s. l., and by host range tests the population is assigned to the "sugar beet group." its-pcr analysis on individual male and immature female specimens of this population yielded amplification produc ... | 2007 | 19259470 |
| fungal secretomes enhance sugar beet pulp hydrolysis. | the recalcitrance of lignocellulose makes enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second generation biofuels a major challenge. this work investigates an efficient and economic approach for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (sbp), which is a difficult to degrade, hemicellulose-rich by-product of the table sugar industry. three fungal strains were grown on different substrates and the production of various extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in pe ... | 2014 | 24677771 |
| a non-modular type b feruloyl esterase from neurospora crassa exhibits concentration-dependent substrate inhibition. | feruloyl esterases, a subclass of the carboxylic acid esterases (ec 3.1.1.1), are able to hydrolyse the ester bond between the hydroxycinnamic acids and sugars present in the plant cell wall. the enzymes have been classified as type a or type b, based on their substrate specificity for aromatic moieties. we show that neurospora crassa has the ability to produce multiple ferulic acid esterase activities depending upon the length of fermentation with either sugar beet pulp or wheat bran substrates ... | 2003 | 12435269 |
| h-atpase activity from storage tissue of beta vulgaris: iv. n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding and inhibition of the plasma membrane h-atpase. | the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase from red beet storage tissue were determined using n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) and a h(+)-atpase antibody. when plasma membrane vesicles were incubated with 20 micromolar [(14)c]-dccd at 0 degrees c, a single 97,000 dalton protein was visualized on a fluorograph of a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel. a close correlation between [(14)c]dccd labeling of the 97,000 dalton protein and the extent of atpase ... | 1987 | 16665290 |
| effect of various fiber types and choice feeding of fiber on performance, gut development, humoral immunity, and fiber preference in broiler chicks. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fibrous materials with one single diet or by choice feeding on performance, intestinal morphology, immunity, and fiber preference in broiler chicks. in experiment 1, 240-day-old chicks (ross 308) were assigned to one of 4 treatments, comprising 5 replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. dietary treatments included: a basal diet (control) or 30 g/kg sugar beet pulp (sbp), 30 g/kg rice hull (rh), or 30 g/kg equal combin ... | 2015 | 26500273 |
| revealing the inventory of type iii effectors in pantoea agglomerans gall-forming pathovars using draft genome sequences and a machine-learning approach. | pantoea agglomerans, a widespread epiphytic bacterium, has evolved into a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp)-dependent and host-specific gall-forming pathogen by the acquisition of a pathogenicity plasmid containing a type iii secretion system (t3ss) and its effectors (t3es). pantoea agglomerans pv. betae (pab) elicits galls on beet (beta vulgaris) and gypsophila (gypsophila paniculata), whereas p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) incites galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive re ... | 2016 | 28019708 |
| pantoea agglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. part iii. deleterious effects: infections of humans, animals and plants. | pantoea agglomerans, a bacterium associated with plants, is not an obligate infectious agent in humans. however, it could be a cause of opportunistic human infections, mostly by wound infection with plant material, or as a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. wound infection with p. agglomerans usually follow piercing or laceration of skin with a plant thorn, wooden splinter or other plant material and subsequent inoculation of the plant-residing bacteria, mostly ... | 2016 | 27294620 |
| agrowaste to vanillin conversion by a natural pediococcus acidilactici strain bd16. | owing to its flavoring, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic nature, vanillin is widely used in foods, beverages, perfumes and pharmaceutical products. ferulic acid (fa) is an important precursor of vanillin which is abundant in cereals like maize, rice and wheat and sugar beet. a major drawback of microbial vanillin production from fa is the degradation and biotransformation of toxic vanillin to other phenolic derivatives. the present study is undertaken to explore microbial vanillin ... | 2016 | 27734757 |
| [novel enzyme preparations with high pectinase and hemicellulase activity based on penicillium canescens strains]. | recombinant strains of penicillium canescens producing homologous pectin lyase a and heterologous endo- 1,5-α-arabinase a and endo- 1,4-α-polygalacturonase, as well as enzymes of the host strain (α-l-arabinofuranosidases, xylanases, and others), were obtained by genetic engineering. the enzyme preparations (eps) obtained from the cultural medium of recombinant p. canescens strains efficiently hydrolyzed raw plant material with a high content of pectin compounds. it was shown that the yield of re ... | 2016 | 26596087 |
| a novel gh43 α-l-arabinofuranosidase of penicillium chrysogenum that preferentially degrades single-substituted arabinosyl side chains in arabinan. | we previously described three α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs) secreted by penicillium chrysogenum 31b. here, we purified a fourth abf, termed pcabf43a, from the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 31kda. pcabf43a had the highest activity at 35°c and at around ph 5. the enzyme activity was strong on sugar beet l-arabinan but weak on debranched arabinan and arabinoxylan. low molecular-mass substrates such as p-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside, α-1,5-l-arabinooli ... | 2014 | 24731829 |
| heterologous expression, purification and characterization of three novel esterases secreted by the lignocellulolytic fungus penicillium purpurogenum when grown on sugar beet pulp. | the lignocellulolytic fungus, penicillium purpurogenum, grows on a variety of natural carbon sources, among them sugar beet pulp. culture supernatants of p. purpurogenum grown on sugar beet pulp were partially purified and the fractions obtained analyzed for esterase activity by zymograms. the bands with activity on methyl umbelliferyl acetate were subjected to mass spectrometry to identify peptides. the peptides obtained were probed against the proteins deduced from the genome sequence of p. pu ... | 2017 | 28342968 |
| penicillium purpurogenum produces a highly stable endo-β-(1,4)-galactanase. | the polysaccharides of galactose present in the pectin of the plant cell wall are degraded by endo-β-1,4-galactanases. the filamentous fungus penicillium purpurogenum, which grows on a number of natural carbon sources, among them sugar beet pulp which contains pectin, has a gene (ppgal1) coding an endo-β-1,4-galactanase (ppgal1). this enzyme was expressed heterologously in pichia pastoris. it has a molecular mass of 38 kda, a ph optimum of 4-4.5, and an optimal temperature of 60 °c. it is 100 % ... | 2016 | 27339187 |
| heterologous expression of a penicillium purpurogenum exo-arabinanase in pichia pastoris and its biochemical characterization. | arabinan is a component of pectin, which is one of the polysaccharides present in lignocelluose. the enzymes degrading the main chain of arabinan are the endo- (ec 3.2.1.99) and exo-arabinanases (3.2.1.-). only three exo-arabinanases have been biochemically characterized; they belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 93. in this work, the cdna of an exo-arabinanase (arap2) from penicillium purpurogenum has been heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris. the gene is 1310 bp long, has three introns a ... | 2015 | 26615749 |
| heterologous expression and characterization of α-l-arabinofuranosidase 4 from penicillium purpurogenum and comparison with the other isoenzymes produced by the fungus. | penicillium purpurogenum secretes at least four arabinofuranosidases. in this work, the gene of α-l-arabinofuranosidase 4 (abf4) has been sequenced and expressed in pichia pastoris. the gene is 1521 pb long, has no introns and codes for a protein of 506 amino acid residues including a signal peptide of 26 residues. mature protein has a calculated molecular mass of 55.4 kda, shows 77% identity with α-l-arabinofuranosidase 1 from p. purpurogenum and belongs to family 54 of the glycosyl hydrolases. ... | 2015 | 26058539 |
| a nature-inspired betalainic probe for live-cell imaging of plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. | a model betalainic dye was semisynthesized from betanin, the magenta pigment of the red beet, and was effective for live-cell imaging of plasmodium-infected red blood cells. this water-soluble fluorescent probe is photostable, excitable in the visible region and cell membrane-permeable, and its photophysical properties are not notably ph-sensitive. fluorescence imaging microscopy of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum, a causative agent of malaria in humans, showed that only the par ... | 2013 | 23342028 |
| comparative analyses of podospora anserina secretomes reveal a large array of lignocellulose-active enzymes. | the genome of the coprophilous fungus podospora anserina harbors a large and highly diverse set of putative lignocellulose-acting enzymes. in this study, we investigated the enzymatic diversity of a broad range of p. anserina secretomes induced by various carbon sources (dextrin, glucose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, cellobiose, saccharose, avicel, solka-floc, birchwood xylan, wheat straw, maize bran, and sugar beet pulp (sbp)). compared with the trichoderma reesei enzymatic cocktail, p. anserina ... | 2014 | 24695830 |
| ribosomal dna analyses reveal greater sequence variation in polymyxa species than previously thought and indicate the possibility of new ribotype-host-virus associations. | polymyxa species transmit viruses to many important crops. they are poorly understood obligate parasites occupying a distinct position in the tree of life. to better understand the potential for spread of polymyxa-vectored diseases, ribosomal dna was analysed from isolates covering a wide range of geographical locations, virus associations and hosts. internal transcribed spacer 2 structure analysis indicated that polymyxa graminis isolates could represent many species and there was more sequence ... | 2013 | 23757143 |
| effects of azadirachtin on beet soilborne pomovirus and soil biological properties on sugar beet. | beet soilborne pomovirus (bsbv) is an important soilborne virus disease in growing areas of sugar beet. bsbv was transmitted by polymyxa betae keskin. effects of azadirachtin on bsbv and soil biological properties were studied under a greenhouse. the presence of bsbv was tested in soil samples using bait plant test and triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tas-elisa). the concentration of bsbv in sugar beet roots was significantly reduced by the application of azadirachtin ... | 2005 | 15825683 |
| response of a deterministic epidemiological system to a stochastically varying environment. | fluctuations in the natural environment introduce variability into the biological systems that exist within them. in this paper, we develop a model for the influence of random fluctuations in the environment on a simple epidemiological system. the model describes the infection of a dynamic host population by an environmentally sensitive pathogen and is based on the infection of sugar beet plants by the endoparasitic slime-mold vector polymyxa betae. the infection process is switched on only when ... | 2003 | 12857951 |
| real-time analysis of polymyxa betae gst expression in infected sugar beet. | summary we have tested and developed protocols for both sequence-independent and hybridization probe real-time pcr for the detection of polymyxa betae glutathione-s-transferase transcripts in infected sugar beet roots. when using the test on p. betae-free plants, no signal above the level of the non-template control was observed. real-time pcr analysis of both serially diluted zoospore suspensions and infected root material demonstrated a close relationship between the threshold cycle and the am ... | 2003 | 20569376 |
| [polymyxa betae n.sp., a parasite in the roots of beta vulgaris tournefort, particularly during the early growth of the sugar beet]. | | 1964 | 14332386 |
| complete genome sequence of pseudomonas brassicacearum strain l13-6-12, a biological control agent from the rhizosphere of potato. | pseudomonas brassicacearum strain l13-6-12 is a rhizosphere colonizer of potato, lettuce and sugar beet. previous studies have shown that this motile, gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium is an effective biocontrol agent against different phytopathogens. here, we announce and describe the complete genome sequence of p. brassicacearum l13-6-12 consisting of a single 6.7 mb circular chromosome that consists of 5773 protein coding genes and 85 rna-only encoding genes. genome analysis revealed g ... | 2017 | 28078051 |
| characterization of the spi-1 and rsp type three secretion systems in pseudomonas fluorescens f113. | pseudomonas fluorescens f113 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) isolated from the sugar beet rhizosphere. the recent annotation of the f113 genome sequence has revealed that this strain encodes a wide array of secretion systems, including two complete type three secretion systems (t3sss) belonging to the hrp1 and spi-1 families. while hrp1 t3sss are frequently encoded in other p. fluorescens strains, the presence of a spi-1 t3ss in a plant-beneficial bacterial strain was unexpecte ... | 2013 | 23754718 |
| the novel lipopeptide poaeamide of the endophyte pseudomonas poae re*1-1-14 is involved in pathogen suppression and root colonization. | endophytic pseudomonas poae strain re*1-1-14 was originally isolated from internal root tissue of sugar beet plants and shown to suppress growth of the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani both in vitro and in the field. to identify genes involved in its biocontrol activity, re*1-1-14 random mutagenesis and sequencing led to the identification of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) gene cluster predicted to encode a lipopeptide (lp) with a 10-amino-acid peptide moiety. the two unlinked gene c ... | 2015 | 25761208 |
| complete genome sequence of the sugar beet endophyte pseudomonas poae re*1-1-14, a disease-suppressive bacterium. | the endophytic bacterium pseudomonas poae re*1-1-14 shows broad antagonistic activity and is applied to seeds as a biocontrol agent to suppress late root rot in the sugar beet. the completely sequenced 5.5-mb genome reveals genes that putatively contribute to this antagonistic activity and the intimate plant-microbe interaction. | 2013 | 23516179 |