| high affinity as a disease determinant factor in anti-gm(1) antibodies: comparative characterization of experimentally induced vs. disease-associated antibodies. | elevated titers of serum anti-gm(1) antibodies of igg isotype are found frequently in patients with guillain-barré syndrome. much evidence indicates that these autoantibodies are involved in disease progression, but their exact function and the mechanism of their appearance are still unclear. in an attempt to reproduce "ganglioside syndrome", the experimental model of neuropathy developed by nagai et al. (neurosci. lett. 2 (1976) 107), rabbits were intensively immunized with gm(1) in complete fr ... | 2002 | 12098512 |
| immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes: lessons for other autoimmune diseases. | the nonobese diabetic (nod) mouse is a well-recognised animal model of spontaneous autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. the disease is t-cell mediated, involving both cd4 and cd8 cells. its progress is controlled by a variety of regulatory t cells. an unprecedented number of immunological treatments have been assessed in this mouse strain. this chapter systematically reviews most of these therapeutic manoeuvres, discussing them in the context of their significance with regard to the u ... | 2002 | 12110118 |
| humanized mice as a model for rheumatoid arthritis. | genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (ra), a common autoimmune disease, is associated with certain hla-dr4 alleles. treatments are rarely curative and are often tied to major side effects. we describe the development of a humanized mouse model wherein new, less toxic, vaccine-like treatments for ra might be pretested. this model includes four separate transgenes: hla-dr*0401 and human cd4 molecules, a ra-related human autoantigenic protein (hcgp-39), and a t-cell receptor (tcralphabeta ... | 2002 | 12110132 |
| effects of chronic food restriction stress and chronic psychological stress on the development of adjuvant arthritis in male long evans rats. | the aim of the present experiments was to study the effect of stress of chronic food restriction (fr) and of repeated psychological challenge (ps) on the development of adjuvant arthritis in the long evans male rats. in the fr series, four groups of animals were compared: non-treated control (c) and arthritic (aa) rats, both with free access to food and water, and two analogous groups with a 40% food restriction-fr and aa-fr. all animals were killed 22 days after injection of cfa. in the ps seri ... | 2002 | 12114288 |
| genetic basis for systems of skeletal quantitative traits: principal component analysis of the canid skeleton. | evolution of mammalian skeletal structure can be rapid and the changes profound, as illustrated by the morphological diversity of the domestic dog. here we use principal component analysis of skeletal variation in a population of portuguese water dogs to reveal systems of traits defining skeletal structures. this analysis classifies phenotypic variation into independent components that can be used to dissect genetic networks regulating complex biological systems. we show that unlinked quantitati ... | 2002 | 12114542 |
| antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of mglur1 alleviates hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with chronic inflammation. | chronic inflammation induced by injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into one hindpaw elicits thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the injected paw. metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) have been implicated in dorsal horn neuronal nociceptive responses and pain associated with short-term inflammation. the goal of the present study was to assess the role of mglur1 in the hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with the cfa model of chronic inflammation. here we show that a ... | 2002 | 12117595 |
| fimbriated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium abates initial inflammatory responses by macrophages. | oral immunization of mice with a salmonella vaccine expressing colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli results in the rapid onset of interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 production, which explains the observed elevations in mucosal immunoglobulin a (iga) and serum igg1 antibodies. in contrast, oral immunization with the salmonella vector does not result in the production of th2-type cytokines. to begin to assess why such differences exist between the two strains, it ... | 2002 | 12117936 |
| vibrio pathogenicity island and cholera toxin genetic element-associated virulence genes and their expression in non-o1 non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae. | a non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain, 10259, belonging to the serogroup o53 was shown to harbor genes related to the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) and a cholera toxin (ct) genetic element called ctx. while the nucleotide sequence of the strain 10259 tcpa gene differed significantly (26 and 28%) from those of o1 classical and el tor biotype strains, respectively, partial sequence analysis data of certain other vpi-associated genes (alda, taga, tcpp/h, toxt, acfb/c, and int) and intergenic ... | 2002 | 12117994 |
| kinetics of the biotransformation of maleylacetone and chlorofluoroacetic acid by polymorphic variants of human glutathione transferase zeta (hgstz1-1). | glutathione transferase zeta (gstz1-1) catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of maleylacetoacetate and the biotransformation of a range of alpha-haloacids. the objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of the biotransformation of maleylacetone (ma), an analogue of the natural substrate maleylacetoacetate, and chlorofluoroacetic acid (cfa) by polymorphic variants of recombinant hgstz1-1. the k(cat) of the four variants of hgstz1-1 with ma as the substrate followed the order: 1c-1c > 1 ... | 2002 | 12119007 |
| particulate matter inflammation and receptor sensitivity are target cell specific. | the complexity of primary source particulate matter (pm) and the various cell types encountered by its inhalation raise the possibility that target cells are differentially activated. since epithelial cells, which line the nasal-tracheal-bronchial airways, and sensory c fibers, which terminate throughout this epithelial layer, are initially targeted by inhaled pm, we compared their relative biological response in vitro to pm originating from volcanic (msh), anthropogenic (diesel), residential (w ... | 2002 | 12122578 |
| screening of the arrestin gene in dogs afflicted with generalized progressive retinal atrophy. | intronic dna sequences of the canine arrestin (sag) gene was screened to identify potential disease causing mutations in dogs with generalized progressive retinal atrophy (gpra). the intronic sequences flanking each of the 16 exons were obtained from clones of a canine genomic library. | 2002 | 12123530 |
| effects of a novel selective agonist for prostaglandin receptor subtype ep4 on hyperalgesia and inflammation in monoarthritic model. | cytokines have crucial role in the development and maintenance of inflammation and pain in arthritis. activation of prostaglandin receptor subtype ep(4) suppresses cytokine production in immune cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a novel ep(4) agonist would be able to suppress thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and paw swelling in acute and chronic phases in rat monoarthritic model. | 2002 | 12131119 |
| leukocyte infiltration, but not neurodegeneration, in the cns of transgenic mice with astrocyte production of the cxc chemokine ligand 10. | the cxc chemokine ligand (cxcl)10 is induced locally in the cns in diverse pathologic states. the impact of cxcl10 production in the cns was examined in transgenic mice with astrocyte-directed production of this chemokine. these glial fibrillary acidic protein (gf)-cxcl10 transgenic mice spontaneously developed transgene dose- and age-related leukocyte infiltrates in perivascular, meningeal, and ventricular regions of the brain that were composed of, surprisingly, mainly neutrophils and, to a le ... | 2002 | 12133978 |
| characterization of the first bartonella henselae strain isolated from a cat in italy. | bartonella henselae has been identified and characterized for the first time in italy. a strain, designed pavia-1, was isolated from the blood of a cat whose owner developed cat scratch disease (csd). pavia-1 and two american b. henselae strains (houston-1, atcc 49882, type i and strain 269608, uc davis, type ii) were compared by whole-cell fatty analysis (cfa), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) for protein profiles, western immunoblotting (wb) for reactivity w ... | 2002 | 12135236 |
| development of antigen detection elisa for the diagnosis of brugian and bancroftian filariasis using antibodies to recombinant filarial antigens bm-sxp-1 and wb-sxp-1. | antibodies specific to recombinant filarial antigens wb-sxp-1 and bm-sxp-1 have been used to develop a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in sera from patients with lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti of brugia malayi. in patients with w. bancrofti infections, a high proportion of microfilaria (mf) positive (mf) and low proportions of patients with chronic pathology (cp) and endemic normals (en) showed the presence of cfa. similarly in patients ... | 2002 | 12139392 |
| antigenic variation within the subunit protein of members of the colonization factor antigen i group of fimbrial proteins in human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | colonization factor antigens (cfas) of human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli can be divided in groups based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence of their major subunit protein. one of the groups that has been distinguished in this way, is the cfa/i group of fimbriae. the sequence of the fimbrial subunit genes in the operons encoding the antigens cs4, cs14 and cs17, all members of this group, was determined. a duplication of the fimbrial subunit gene (csua) was found in the cs14 operon, both ge ... | 2002 | 12139428 |
| assignment of the canine potassium voltage-gated channel, kqt-like subfamily, member 3 (kcnq3) gene to cfa 13 by radiation hybrid mapping. | | 2002 | 12139519 |
| role of zeta pkc in b-cell signaling and function. | the atypical protein kinase c isoform, zeta pkc, has been implicated in the control of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) and nuclear factor (nf)-kappa b pathways. recent evidence from zeta pkc knock-out mice demonstrates that this kinase is important for nf-kappa b transcriptional activity but not for erk activation in embryonic fibroblasts. the lack of zeta pkc produces in mice a number of alterations in the development of secondary lymphoid tissues that could be accounted for, at lea ... | 2002 | 12145205 |
| calpain expression and infiltration of activated t cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis over time: increased calpain activity begins with onset of disease. | calpain activity and expression at the protein level were examined in inflammatory cells, activated microglia, and astrocytes prior to or at onset of symptomatic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), an animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (ms). eae was induced in lewis rats by injection of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate and myelin basic protein (mbp) emulsified with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). calpain translational expression, determined by weste ... | 2002 | 12161014 |
| streptococcus sanguis modulates type ii collagen-induced arthritis in dba/1j mice. | native type ii collagen is tolerogenic when given orally or i.p. to dba/1j mice and induces autoimmune arthritis when given s.c. in cfa. the tolerogenic epitope is contained in cyanogen bromide fragment 11 (cb11) and is structurally mimicked by pgeqgpk within the platelet aggregation-associated protein (paap) on streptococcus sanguis. to learn whether s. sanguis modulates transmucosally the ag-specific development of autoimmune arthritis, dba/1j pups were given live s. sanguis, cb11, or type ii ... | 2002 | 12165549 |
| [to be a woman in africa. on the danger of being a mother. mortality]. | losing their life while giving birth is a risk that too many women face. more than 33% of all maternal deaths each year occur in africa, which has less than 12% of the world's population. 30-60% of deaths among african women aged 15-44 are pregnancy-related. africa has the highest global maternal mortality rate. its rural areas have an even greater maternal mortality rate. common causes of maternal death are hemorrhaging, infections, anemia, vascular-renal problems, and abortion complications. i ... | 1994 | 12179397 |
| tolerance to self gangliosides is the major factor restricting the antibody response to lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides in campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | guillain-barré syndrome following campylobacter jejuni infection is frequently associated with anti-ganglioside autoantibodies mediated by molecular mimicry with ganglioside-like oligosaccharides on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). the regulation of antibody responses to these t-cell-independent antigens is poorly understood, and only a minority of campylobacter-infected individuals develop anti-ganglioside antibodies. this study investigates the response to gangliosides and lps in strains of ... | 2002 | 12183547 |
| intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. | a long-lasting antihyperalgesic effect has been demonstrated for intrathecal (it) clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist. in the present study, the mechanism and antihyperalgesic effects of it clonidine were examined post-treatment in a rat model of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia. using a chronic model of spinal cord dialysis, we examined the effect of the adjuvant-induced inflammation on spinal release of nitric oxide (no) and the development of chronic pain ... | 2002 | 12184629 |
| cd4(+) t cells from glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad)65-specific t cell receptor transgenic mice are not diabetogenic and can delay diabetes transfer. | glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad)65 is an early and important antigen in both human diabetes mellitus and the nonobese diabetic (nod) mouse. however, the exact role of gad65-specific t cells in diabetes pathogenesis is unclear. t cell responses to gad65 occur early in diabetes pathogenesis, yet only one gad65-specific t cell clone of many identified can transfer diabetes. we have generated transgenic mice on the nod background expressing a t cell receptor (tcr)-specific for peptide epitope 286-3 ... | 2002 | 12186840 |
| immunization procedures for anti-idiotypic antibody induction in mice and rats. | anti-idiotypic antibodies (ab2) mimicking antigens (ags)-defined by antibodies (ab1) directed to tumors or pathogens have elicited ag-specific humoral, cellular and/or protective immunity in experimental animals and in humans. in immunizations of rodents with ab1, factors such as animal species, form of ab1 and choice of adjuvant are crucial for the successful induction of ab2 as candidate vaccines against tumors and pathogens. here we survey the outcome of 362 fusion events (each event represen ... | 2002 | 12191516 |
| t cell response to preproinsulin i and ii in the nonobese diabetic mouse. | immunization against insulin, insulin b chain, or b chain peptide b(9-23) (preproinsulin peptide ii(33-47)) prevents diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (nod) mouse. whether or not peptide ii(33-47) is the only proinsulin determinant recognized by cd4 t cells remains unclear. using two peptide libraries spanning the entire sequence of preproinsulin i and preproinsulin ii, respectively, we identified t cells specific for four proinsulin epitopes within the islet cell infiltrate of prediabetic femal ... | 2002 | 12193712 |
| increased expression of icam-1, vcam-1, mcp-1, and mip-1 alpha by spinal perivascular macrophages during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. | t-cells extravasation and cns parenchyma infiltration during autoimmune neurodegenerative disease can be evoked by local antigen presenting cells. studying the chemoattracting potential of spinal perivascular macrophages (spm) during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), we observed numerous infiltrates of densely-packed mononuclear cells. apart from the poor spatial and optical resolution, no differentiation between the resident spm (mabs ed1+, ed2+) and the just recruited monocytes/ma ... | 2002 | 12196270 |
| novel promiscuous hla-dq hiv nef peptide that induces ifn-gamma-producing memory cd4+ t cells. | we describe the highly conserved sequence 56-68 of the hiv nef protein as the first promiscuous hla-dq hiv-derived peptide. the nef peptide exhibits an albeit rare capacity to bind 6 different hla-dq molecules whereas no binding is observed with the 10 hla-dr molecules tested. in agreement with these data, after immunization with the nef peptide, hla-dq transgenic abeta degrees mice display a vigorous cellular and humoral response while the specific immune response of hla-dr expressing mice is m ... | 2002 | 12197883 |
| bacterial motif dna as an adjuvant for the breakdown of immune self-tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. | bacterial dna containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotide motifs is immunostimulatory to mammals, skewing cd4(+) t-cell responses toward the th1 phenotype. autoreactive t-cell responses seen in primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) are typically of the th1 phenotype, raising the possibility that bacterial dna might play a role in the generation of pathologic autoimmunity. we therefore studied the effects of cpg motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) on responses to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (p ... | 2002 | 12198661 |
| [purification and identification of pili of vibrio cholera o139]. | to provide the base of manufacturing v. cholera o139 subunit vaccine, purification and identification methods of v. cholera o139 toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) were studied. the results showed the optimal expressing condition of tcp was in aki or cfa medium, at 30 c for 24-36 h with stationary cultivation. the molecular weight of the tcp subunit protein measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis was about 20.5 kd. by using mouse anti-tcp monoclone antibody and sheep ant ... | 1999 | 12205915 |
| tr1 cell-dependent active tolerance blunts the pathogenic effects of determinant spreading. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is a t cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the cns. the current study shows that even in an acute episode of disease the autoimmune response spreads from one determinant on myelin basic protein (mbp) to the other linked determinant and that this spread plays a functional role in the pathogenesis of disease. the soluble form of each determinant could be used to induce ag-specific t cell tolerance and reverse an ongoing disease. we show that the rapi ... | 2002 | 12208871 |
| comparative study of immune responses induced after immunization with plasmids encoding the hiv-1 nef protein under the control of the cmv-ie or the muscle-specific desmin promoter. | the objective of this study was to compare immune responses induced against hiv-1 nef after dna immunization with nef encoding plasmids under the control of an ubiquitous or a muscle-specific promoter. to this end, plasmids containing hiv-1 nef under the control of the cytomegalovirus or the human desmin promoters, specifically expressed in muscle cells, were constructed. different groups of balb/c mice were immunized with 10 or 100 microg of both constructs, controls were the pcdna3 vector or t ... | 2002 | 12213402 |
| cpg-dna stimulates cellular and humoral immunity and promotes th1 differentiation in aged balb/c mice. | we examined whether cpg-dna could be used as adjuvant to induce a t helper cell type-1 (th1) immunity in aged balb/c mice that showed a th2 polarization. bordetella pertussis and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) were used as well. immunization with ovalbumin (ova)/cpg-dna showed that the immunoglobulin g (igg)2a/igg1 ratio and ova-specific t cell response were similar in young and aged mice. ova/cpg-dna induced the secretion of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and absence of interleukin (il)-5. simi ... | 2002 | 12223511 |
| identification and characterization of lpfabcc'de, a fimbrial operon of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | the mechanisms underlying the adherence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strains to intestinal epithelial cells are poorly understood. we have identified a chromosomal region (designated lpfabcc'de) in ehec o157:h7 containing six putative open reading frames that was found to be closely related to the long polar (lp) fimbria operon (lpf) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, both in gene order and in conservation of the deduced amino acid sequences. we ... | 2002 | 12228266 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of pneumococcal surface adhesin a by genetic fusion to cytokines and evaluation of protective immunity in mice. | immunization of mice with pneumococcal surface adhesin a (psaa) emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) provides protection against systemic infection with streptococcus pneumoniae. because the use of cfa is not acceptable in humans, we sought to develop alternative means of enhancing the immunogenicity of protein antigens of potential use in pneumococcal vaccines. we designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for psaa were linked to sequences encoding either murine ... | 2002 | 12228286 |
| exertion of the suppressive effects of ifn-gamma on experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in brown norway rats during the induction phase but not the effector phase. | interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) knockout mice exhibit severe allergic conjunctivitis (ac), indicating that ifn-gamma regulates the development of ac. the authors examined whether this inhibitory effect of ifn-gamma is exerted during the induction or effector phase of experimental ac. | 2002 | 12234900 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mobilizes neural progenitors from the subventricular zone to undergo oligodendrogenesis in adult mice. | the destiny of the mitotically active cells of the subventricular zone (svz) in adult rodents is to migrate to the olfactory bulb, where they contribute to the replacement of granular and periglomerular neurons. however, these adult neural progenitors also can be mobilized in periventricular white matter and triggered to differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in response to lysolecithin-induced demyelination. to mimic the environmental conditions of multiple sclerosis, we assessed th ... | 2002 | 12235363 |
| analgesic profile of intrathecal p2x(3) antisense oligonucleotide treatment in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in rats. | extracellular adenosine triphosphate (atp), acting at p2x ionotropic receptors, is implicated in numerous sensory processes. exogenous atp has been shown to be algogenic in both animals and humans. research focus has been directed towards the p2x(3) receptor, as it is preferentially expressed on nociceptive c-fibers and its implication in pain processing is supported by an altered nociceptive phenotype in p2x(3) knock-out mice. in order to further characterize the role of p2x(3) receptor activat ... | 2002 | 12237180 |
| gamma interferon-dependent protection of the mouse upper respiratory tract following parenteral immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | the protective mechanisms induced in the mouse upper respiratory tract (urt) after intraperitoneal immunization with g2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein fragment (amino acid residues 130 to 230), were investigated. this protection was recently shown to be mediated by cd4(+) t cells and to be critically dependent on the cysteines and amino acids 193 and 194 (h. plotnicky-gilquin, a. robert, l. chevalet, j.-f. haeuw, a. beck, j.-y. bonnefoy, c. brandt, c.-a. siegrist, t ... | 2002 | 12239295 |
| acceptance of hiv in cote d'ivoire earns praise. | the first known case of aids in cote d'ivoire was diagnosed in 1985. after that, the number of people identified as having aids grew rapidly, but the social stigmatization of people with hiv and aids caused the discussion of hiv/aids to remain taboo for years. even health workers only mentioned the virus within the privacy of their clinics. the government of cote d'ivoire finally decided in 1994 to acknowledge the existence of an hiv epidemic in the country and launched an anti-aids campaign ... | 1996 | 12290906 |
| risk analysis. hiv / aids country profile: senegal. | since the first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) case was confirmed in 1986, senegal has conducted an aggressive prevention campaign. senegal's national aids committee has noted the contributions of poverty and migration to the spread of aids. by june 1994, 1297 aids cases had been reported and an estimated 500,000 people (1.4% of the population) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and 2. the highest rate of hiv infection (14%) exists among commercial sex workers. ... | 1996 | 12320531 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of avian escherichia coli o86:k61 isolates possessing a gamma-like intimin. | escherichia coli o86:k61 has long been associated with outbreaks of infantile diarrhea in humans and with diarrheal disease in many animal species. studies in the late 1990s identified e. coli o86:k61 as the cause of mortality in a variety of wild birds, and in this study, 34 e. coli o86:k61 isolates were examined. all of the isolates were nonmotile, but most elaborated at least two morphologically distinct surface appendages that were confirmed to be type 1 and curli fimbriae. thirty-three isol ... | 2002 | 12324341 |
| [little jobs in bamako. managing in times of crisis]. | as bamako, mali, grows, a man and two partners have set up a car wash on independence boulevard across from the labor exchange. the initial 150,000 cfa investment was to install a water faucet, build a large concrete slab, bring electricity to the location, and buy a small supply of tools. since bamako is expanding, vehicles are no longer a luxury and mud and dust are all over. after covering expenses and paying the communal tax, the men have enough to live on. the charge is 250 cfa for a si ... | 1995 | 12346446 |
| animal models of autoimmunity. | although several mouse models of aih have been described, no model is ideal. indeed, the disease is self-limited in each model, and none is associated with significant liver fibrosis or progression to cirrhosis. nevertheless, these models should be useful for testing different hypotheses regarding the initiation of aih. still, each model poses unique limitations. the eaih model initiated by immunization with crude liver antigens in cfa has been plagued by a high prevalence of hepatitis lesions i ... | 2002 | 12362580 |
| the sialylated fraction of milk oligosaccharides is partially responsible for binding to enterotoxigenic and uropathogenic escherichia coli human strains. | milk oligosaccharides can act as soluble receptors that block bacterial adhesion to the different epithelia. colonization factor antigens (cfa)/i- and cfa/ii-expressing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains constitute one of the main causes of diarrhea in infants. here, the inhibition of hemagglutination mediated by these strains by milk oligosaccharides was tested. human milk oligosaccharides showed a strong inhibitory capacity, which decreased when the oligosaccharides were desialyla ... | 2002 | 12368397 |
| nature and specificity of the required protective immune response that develops postchallenge in mice vaccinated with the 19-kilodalton fragment of plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1. | immunity induced by the 19-kda fragment of plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1(19)) is dependent on high titers of specific antibodies present at the time of challenge and a continuing active immune response postinfection. however, the specificity of the active immune response postinfection has not been defined. in particular, it is not known whether anti-msp1(19) antibodies that arise following infection alone are sufficient for protection. we developed systems to investigate wh ... | 2002 | 12379677 |
| resolution of skeletal muscle inflammation in mdx dystrophic mouse is accompanied by increased immunoglobulin and interferon-gamma production. | mdx mouse, the animal model of duchenne muscular dystrophy, develops an x-linked recessive inflammatory myopathy with an apparent sustained capacity for muscle regeneration. we analysed whether changes in the skeletal muscle during myonecrosis and regeneration would correlate with functional alterations in peripheral lymphoid tissues. here we show that during the height of myonecrosis, mdx mice display marked atrophy of peripheral lymph nodes and extensive muscle inflammation. in contrast, enlar ... | 2002 | 12383191 |
| inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by systemic and subconjunctival adenovirus-mediated transfer of the viral il-10 gene. | pathological ocular manifestations result from a dysregulation in the balance between proinflammatory type 1 cytokines and regulatory type 2 cytokines. interleukin-10 (il-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with potent immunosuppressive effects. we have examined the efficiency of viral il-10 adenovirus (ad-vil-10)-mediated gene transfer on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau) induced in mice and rats by purified retinal autoantigens, respectively, interphotoreceptor binding protein (irbp ... | 2002 | 12390308 |
| expression of 5-ht(2a) receptor mrna in some nuclei of brain stem enhanced in monoarthritic rats. | the present study was designed to investigate the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) (2a) receptor mrna in the nucleus of raphe magnus (nrm), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlpag) and dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) in a monoarthritic rat model using an in situ hybridization technique. 5-ht(2a) receptor mrna was expressed with low to moderate levels in nrm, vlpag and drn. after complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced monoarthritis, a significant increase in 5-ht(2a) receptor mrna expressio ... | 2002 | 12393237 |
| noncoding rna danger motifs bridge innate and adaptive immunity and are potent adjuvants for vaccination. | the adaptive immune response is triggered by recognition of t and b cell epitopes and is influenced by "danger" motifs that act via innate immune receptors. this study shows that motifs associated with noncoding rna are essential features in the immune response reminiscent of viral infection, mediating rapid induction of proinflammatory chemokine expression, recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells, modulation of regulatory cytokines, subsequent differentiation of th1 cells, isotyp ... | 2002 | 12393853 |
| pax6 is required for the normal development of the forebrain axonal connections. | the transcription factor pax6 has been implicated in forebrain patterning, cerebral cortical arealization and in development of thalamocortical connections. using a pax6/lacz knockout mouse, in which the endogenous pax6 expression is reflected by beta-galactosidase activity, we have studied the consequences of the loss of pax6 function on thalamocortical (tca) and corticofugal axon (cfa) pathfinding during the period of embryonic day (e) 14.5 to e18.5. carbocyanine dye tracing in pax6 heterozygo ... | 2002 | 12397112 |
| effects of dietary wheat germ deprivation on the immune system in wistar rats: a pilot study. | bioactive molecules that can gain access to body tissues through the gastrointestinal tract may interact with immune regulatory circuits and effector functions. among these are plant lectins, such as wheat germ (wg) agglutinin, which constitute common components of the human diet and target the immune system on a daily basis. dietary bioactive molecules might be considered as immunomodulatory signals. to investigate the possible effects on the immune system of the long-term absence of such signa ... | 2002 | 12400879 |
| efficacy of systemic morphine suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms that generate bone cancer vs inflammatory pain. | pain is the cancer related event that is most disruptive to the cancer patient's quality of life. although bone cancer pain is one of the most severe and common of the chronic pains that accompany breast, prostate and lung cancers, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that generate and maintain this pain. recently, we developed a mouse model of bone cancer pain and 16 days following tumor implantation into the intramedullary space of the femur, significant bone destruction and bone ca ... | 2002 | 12406514 |
| application of a pro-inflammatory agent to the orbital portion of the rat infraorbital nerve induces changes indicative of ongoing trigeminal pain. | the present experiments investigated the behavioral and immunocytchemical (icc) effects of applying complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) to the orbital portion of the infraorbital nerve (ion). two control groups, the first had saline applied to the ion and the second underwent sham operation, were included in the study. in the cfa group, significant hyper-responsiveness to von frey (analysis of variance <0.05) and to pinprick stimulation (kruskal wallis <0.05) in the vibrissal pad was observed on th ... | 2002 | 12406533 |
| inhibitors of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 suppress transcriptional activation in lymphocytes and ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. | 1. in the presence of genotoxic stress poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 (parp-1) leads to nad(+) and atp depletion, participating in the pathogenesis of several disorders including inflammation. accordingly, chemical inhibitors of parp-1 are efficacious anti-inflammatories, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under debate. 2. this study investigated the effect of the parp-1 inhibitors 6(5h)-phenanthridinone and benzamide as well as that of benzoic acid, an inactive analogue of benz ... | 2002 | 12411406 |
| influences of anti-mouse interleukin-6 receptor antibody on immune responses in mice. | in the present study, we examined the effect of anti-il-6 receptor antibody (mr16-1) on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. mr16-1 did not affect antigen-specific antibody production in either the primary or secondary response in mice immunized with dinitro-phenyl (dnp)-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh) in saline. dnp-klh immunization with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) markedly augmented anti-dnp antibody production and induced interleukin 6 (il-6) production in serum. in this case, ... | 2002 | 12413741 |
| adjuvant activity of emulsan, a secreted lipopolysaccharide from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. | several promising adjuvant candidates have been studied over the past 75 years; however, only alum is currently approved for human use. the complex acylated polysaccharide emulsan, secreted from acinetobacter calcoaceticus, represents a new candidate. unique features of this family of polymers are their amenability to structural tailoring and their emulsification behavior. we demonstrate that emulsan activates macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. this activation is dependent on the presence o ... | 2002 | 12414756 |
| borna disease virus accelerates inflammation and disease associated with transgenic expression of interleukin-12 in the central nervous system. | targeted expression of biologically active interleukin-12 (il-12) in astrocytes of the central nervous system (cns) results in spontaneous neuroimmunological disease of aged mice. borna disease virus (bdv) can readily multiply in the mouse cns but does not trigger disease in most strains. here we show that a large percentage of il-12 transgenic mice developed severe ataxia within 5 to 10 weeks after infection with bdv. by contrast, no disease developed in mock-infected il-12 transgenic and wild- ... | 2002 | 12414961 |
| reduced self-reactivity of an autoreactive t cell after activation with cross-reactive non-self-ligand. | autoreactive cd4(+) t lymphocytes are critical to the induction of autoimmune disease, but because of the degenerate nature of t cell receptor (tcr) activation such receptors also respond to other ligands. interaction of autoreactive t cells with other non-self-ligands has been shown to activate and expand self-reactive cells and induce autoimmunity. to understand the effect on the autoreactivity of naive cross-reactive t cells of activation with a potent nonself ligand, we have generated a tcr ... | 2002 | 12417626 |
| nkt cell defects in nod mice suggest therapeutic opportunities. | recent studies have reported that immunoregulatory nkt cells are defective in nod mice and that treatment of mice with alpha-galactosylceramide that selectively stimulate nkt cells, is anti-diabetogenic. the objective of this study was to document the natural history of changes in nkt cells in various organs in nod mice in the period up to the time of diabetes onset so that novel intervention therapies could be devised. we found that nkt cell-specific receptor (nkt-tcr) valpha14jalpha281 express ... | 2002 | 12419282 |
| interleukin-2-induced antinociception in morphine-insensitive rats. | to investigate interleukin-2-induced antinociception in morphine-insensitive rats. | 2002 | 12421473 |
| the adjuvant effects of mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 result from the rapid and prolonged activation of antigen-specific cd8+ t cells in vivo. | heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is a potent adjuvant that links innate and adaptive immune responses. to study how hsp70 activates naive cd8(+) t cells in vivo, we tracked ag-specific cd8(+) t cells in mice immunized with a fusion protein containing chicken ova linked to hsp70 derived from mycobacterium tuberculosis (ova.tbhsp70). on a molar basis, ova.tbhsp70 was several hundred times more effective than ova peptide plus cfa in eliciting specific cd8(+) t cell responses. immunization with ova.tbh ... | 2002 | 12421941 |
| injection of soluble antigen into the anterior chamber of the eye induces expansion and functional unresponsiveness of antigen-specific cd8+ t cells. | the injection of soluble ag into the anterior chamber (a.c.) of the eye induces systemic tolerance, termed a.c.-associated immune deviation (acaid), characterized by ag-specific inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and a reduction in complement-fixing abs. recently, we have shown that cd8(+) ctl responses are also inhibited in acaid. in this study, we have used an adoptive transfer approach to follow the fate of ag-specific cd8(+) tcr transgenic (ot-i) t cells in vivo during the ... | 2002 | 12421942 |
| indirect effects of oral tolerance to ovalbumin interfere with the immune responses triggered by schistosoma mansoni eggs. | the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of granulomas around schistosoma mansoni eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) c57bl/6 mice (6 animals per group). to induce oral tolerance to chicken egg ovalbumin a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in a drinking bottle for 3 days. control mice received water. after 7 days, control and ... | 2002 | 12424492 |
| neuroprotective autoimmunity: naturally occurring cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system. | the ability of rats or mice to withstand the consequences of injury to myelinated axons in the cns was previously shown to depend on the ability to manifest a t cell-mediated protective immune response, which is amenable to boosting by myelin-specific t cells. here we show that this ability, assessed by retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve injury or locomotor activity after spinal cord contusion, is decreased if the animals were immunized as neonates with myelin proteins (resulting i ... | 2002 | 12429857 |
| long-evans rats have a larger cortical topographic representation of movement than fischer-344 rats: a microstimulation study of motor cortex in naïve and skilled reaching-trained rats. | intracortical microstimulation of the frontal cortex evokes movements in the contralateral limbs, paws, and digits of placental mammals including the laboratory rat. the topographic representation of movement in the rat consists of a rostral forelimb area (rfa), a caudal forelimb area (cfa), and a hind limb area (hla). the size of these representations can vary between individual animals and the proportional representation of the body parts within regions can also change as a function of experie ... | 2002 | 12431749 |
| evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant helicobacter pylori whole cell sonicate in mice with chronic h. pylori infection. | successful prophylactic administration of helicobacter pylori whole cell sonicate (wcs) plus complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or aluminum hydroxide (alm) against subsequent h. pylori infection was reported recently. here we tested the effect of wcs plus titermax gold (tmx) or alm in mice with chronic h. pylori infection. mice with chronic (18 weeks) h. pylori infection were injected intraperitoneally with h. pylori (sydney strain) wcs plus alm or tmx once weekly for three times. the number of co ... | 2002 | 12437028 |
| the staphylococcus aureus map protein is an immunomodulator that interferes with t cell-mediated responses. | staphylococcus aureus (sa) is an opportunistic pathogen that affects a variety of organ systems and is responsible for many diseases worldwide. sa express an mhc class ii analog protein (map), which may potentiate sa survival by modulating host immunity. we tested this hypothesis in mice by generating map-deficient sa (map(-)sa) and comparing disease outcome to wild-type map(+)sa-infected mice. map(-)sa-infected mice presented with significantly reduced levels of arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ab ... | 2002 | 12438444 |
| nephrotoxicity of chlorofluoroacetic acid in rats. | dichloroacetic acid (dca), chlorofluoroacetic acid (cfa), and difluoroacetic acid (dfa) are inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. dca is used for the clinical management of congenital lactic acidosis. glutathione transferase zeta (gstz1-1) catalyzes the biotransformation of dca and cfa, and dca is a mechanism-based inactivator of gstz1-1. in rodents, dca causes multiorgan toxicities and is hepatocarcinogenic. the toxic effects of cfa, which is an excellent substrate but a poor inactivator ... | 2002 | 12441371 |
| role of membrane fluidity in pressure resistance of escherichia coli nctc 8164. | the relationship among growth temperature, membrane fatty acid composition, and pressure resistance was examined in escherichia coli nctc 8164. the pressure resistance of exponential-phase cells was maximal in cells grown at 10 degrees c and decreased with increasing growth temperatures up to 45 degrees c. by contrast, the pressure resistance of stationary-phase cells was lowest in cells grown at 10 degrees c and increased with increasing growth temperature, reaching a maximum at 30 to 37 degree ... | 2002 | 12450817 |
| photoreactivation of escherichia coli after low- or medium-pressure uv disinfection determined by an endonuclease sensitive site assay. | photoreactivation of escherichia coli after inactivation by a low-pressure (lp) uv lamp (254 nm), by a medium-pressure (mp) uv lamp (220 to 580 nm), or by a filtered medium-pressure (mpf) uv lamp (300 to 580 nm) was investigated. an endonuclease sensitive site (ess) assay was used to determine the number of uv-induced pyrimidine dimers in the genomic dna of e. coli, while a conventional cultivation assay was used to investigate the colony-forming ability (cfa) of e. coli. in photoreactivation ex ... | 2002 | 12450825 |
| nonlymphoid fas ligand in peptide-induced peripheral lymphocyte deletion. | peripheral lymphocyte deletion is required for reduction of lymphocyte numbers after expansion in response to antigen. peripheral deletion is mediated in part by the activation of apoptosis by engagement of the death receptor, fas (cd95), by its ligand, fas ligand (fasl; cd95l), among other mechanisms. here we used t cell receptor (tcr) transgenic animals to examine the role of inducible expression of nonlymphoid fasl in response to peptide antigen. antigenic challenge of tcr transgenic mice res ... | 2002 | 12454289 |
| attenuation of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide levels produced by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in an animal model of chronic temporomandibular joint inflammation. | to study the neurogenic effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibitor, rofecoxib, in an animal model of persistent inflammation. | 2002 | 12455432 |
| b-cell repertoire specific for an unfolded self-determinant of mouse lysozyme escape tolerance and dominantly participate in the autoantibody response. | we previously found that autoantibodies against mouse lysozyme (ml) were strongly induced in normal balb/c mice when immunized with mutant ml that has triple mutations rendering the dominant t-cell epitope of hen egg lysozyme (hel), hel 107-116. as t cells specific for hel 107-116 were primed in these mice, the anti-ml immunoglobulin g (igg) responses would be the result of collaborations between autoreactive b cells specific for ml and t cells specific for hel 107-116. serum igg responses again ... | 2002 | 12460183 |
| md41, a novel t helper 0 clone, mediates mast-cell dependent delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. | in a previous study on mouse, we have shown that delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) could be classified into two types according to mc requirement. the first type of dth could be elicited by sensitization with methylated human serum albumin (mhsa) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) in both wild type and mast-cell deficient (w/wv) mice. the second type could be elicited by mhsa in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) sensitization in wild type but not w/wv mice. while the former was related to cl ... | 2002 | 12460187 |
| anti-tnf-alpha antibodies suppress the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | to understand the role of tnf-alpha in the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) and detect a possible effect of anti-tnf-alpha antibodies in the treatment of eamg, anti-tnf-alpha antibodies were administrated intraperitoneally to lewis rats twice per week for 5 weeks from the day of immunization with torpedo achr and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). administration of anti-tnf-alpha antibodies resulted in lower incidence of eamg, and in delayed onset and only mild muscle ... | 2002 | 12473237 |
| a-317491, a novel potent and selective non-nucleotide antagonist of p2x3 and p2x2/3 receptors, reduces chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the rat. | p2x3 and p2x2/3 receptors are highly localized on peripheral and central processes of sensory afferent nerves, and activation of these channels contributes to the pronociceptive effects of atp. a-317491 is a novel non-nucleotide antagonist of p2x3 and p2x2/3 receptor activation. a-317491 potently blocked recombinant human and rat p2x3 and p2x2/3 receptor-mediated calcium flux (ki = 22-92 nm) and was highly selective (ic50 >10 microm) over other p2 receptors and other neurotransmitter receptors, ... | 2002 | 12482951 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system worsens experimental allergic encephalitis. | experimental allergic encephalitis (eae) is considered by many to be a model for human multiple sclerosis. intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with chlamydia pneumoniae, after immunization with neural antigens, increased the severity of eae. accentuation of eae required live infectious c. pneumoniae, and the severity of the disease was attenuated with antiinfective therapy. after immunization with neural antigens, systemic infection with c. pneumoniae led to the dissemination of the organism int ... | 2002 | 12486106 |
| pertussis toxin-induced reversible encephalopathy dependent on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 overexpression in mice. | in this report we describe pertussis toxin-induced reversible encephalopathy dependent on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) overexpression (premo), a novel animal model that exhibits features of human encephalopathic complications of inflammatory disorders such as viral meningoencephalitis and lyme neuroborreliosis as well as the mild toxic encephalopathy that commonly precedes relapses of multiple sclerosis (ms). overexpression of the mouse mcp-1 gene product (classically termed je) in ... | 2002 | 12486156 |
| lung tissue mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors increase in a model of pulmonary inflammation. | pulmonary inflammation induced in the rabbit lung by the intravenous injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) increases the lung uptake of 14c-diazepam from the pulmonary circulation. the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which mitochondrial (or peripheral) benzodiazepine receptors (mbrs) may contribute to this increased uptake. to this end, we measured the pulmonary venous effluent concentration versus time for 14c-diazepam following its injection into the pulmonary ar ... | 2002 | 12489018 |
| pathogenicity and immune response measured in mice following intranasal challenge with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains h10407 and b7a. | the pathogenicity and immunogenicity induced in balb/c mice by intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains h10407 (o78:h11:cfa/i:lt(+):st(+)) and b7a (o148:h28:cs6:lt(+):st(+)) (two etec strains previously used in human challenge trials) were studied. the i.n. inoculation of balb/c mice with large doses of etec strains h10407 and b7a caused illness and death. the h10407 strain was found to be consistently more virulent than the b7a strain. following i.n. chal ... | 2003 | 12496144 |
| effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on dendritic cell accumulation in lymph nodes draining the immunization site and the impact on the anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. | cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) have been shown to be essential in acquired protection against cryptococcus neoformans. induction of a protective anticryptococcal cmi response includes increases in dendritic cells (dc) and activated cd4(+) t cells in draining lymph nodes (dln). during the expression phase, activated cd4(+) t cells accumulate at a peripheral site where cryptococcal antigen is injected, resulting in a classical delayed-type hypersen ... | 2003 | 12496150 |
| lymphatic filariasis-specific immune responses in relation to lymphoedema grade and infection status. i. cellular responses. | the filariasis-specific cellular responsiveness was assessed in 109 adult individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in north-east tanzania. there were 9 study groups. five groups of individuals were negative for microfilariae (mf) and specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and had leg lymphoedema of varying severity ranging from early to more advanced grades (pathology groups 1-5). another group comprised individuals with mixed grades of lymphoedema and positive for mf and/or cfa ... | 2002 | 12497986 |
| lymphatic filariasis-specific immune responses in relation to lymphoedema grade and infection status. ii. humoral responses. | the filarial-specific humoral responses (igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4 and ige) to a brugia pahangi antigen was assessed in 9 groups of adult individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in north-east tanzania. in 5 of the groups, individuals were negative for microfilariae (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and had leg lymphoedema of varying severity ranging from early to more advanced grades. a 6th group had mixed grades of lymphoedema and were actively infected with mf and/or cfa. t ... | 2002 | 12497987 |
| cellular fatty acid profiles of ninety-five strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from clinical specimens in korea. | there have been many reports of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia in korea since 1987. this study was undertaken to determine the cellular fatty acid (cfa) compositions of 95 clinical strains of v. vulnificus isolated in korea during 1985-1995. we compared these results with the cfa profile of v. vulnificus in the microbial identification system (mis) (clin library version 3.9; microbial id inc., newark, de, u.s.a.), and the grouping of v. vulnificus by cfa analysis was also performed. the re ... | 1997 | 12501302 |
| complete freund's adjuvant immunization prolongs survival in experimental prion disease in mice. | we recently reported that immunization of mice with certain self-prion protein peptides induced specific t-cell and b-cell immune responses; importantly, this immunization was associated with a decrease in the number of protease-resistant prp(sc) particles recoverable in a transplanted, scrapie-infected syngeneic tumor. the present study was carried out to determine whether immunization with the immunogenic prp peptides might influence the natural history of experimental scrapie in mice. we immu ... | 2003 | 12503092 |
| differential efficacy of intrathecal nmda receptor antagonists on inflammatory mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. | spinal cord dorsal horn n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors have been implicated in central sensitization, enhanced responsiveness to peripheral stimuli following peripheral injury. since hyperalgesia is a behavioral consequence of central sensitization, it should be attenuated at the level of the dorsal horn with nmda receptor antagonists. however, responsiveness to thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia may be distinct, and have thus far not been directly compared in chronic inflammatory pain m ... | 2003 | 12505533 |
| up-regulation and trafficking of delta opioid receptor in a model of chronic inflammation: implications for pain control. | pharmacological and physiological evidence supports a role for delta (delta) opioid receptors in the nociceptive mechanisms of inflammation. however, few data exist regarding delta opioid receptor expression and localization in such conditions. in this study, we have assessed the distribution and function of delta opioid receptors in the rat spinal cord following induction of chronic inflammation by intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). intrathecal administration of the sel ... | 2003 | 12507715 |
| brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1 is differentially expressed in normal brain and glioblastoma independently of p53 expression. | brain angiogenesis inhibitors (bai) are putative transmembrane proteins containing an extracellular domain with thrombospondin type-1 repeats which can exhibit anti-angiogenic activity. bai1 mrna is expressed mainly in the brain, while bai2 and bai3 mrnas are more widely expressed. we hypothesized that the bai family might have anti-tumoral properties and studied the expression of bai1 protein in normal human brain and in glioblastoma multiforme. we generated an anti-bai1 antibody and showed tha ... | 2003 | 12507886 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in ccr2(-/-) mice: susceptibility in multiple strains. | chemokines are low molecular weight cytokines which act as chemoattractants for infiltrating cells bearing appropriate receptors (ccr) to sites of inflammation. it has been proposed that ccr2 on monocytes is responsible for their recruitment into the central nervous system (cns) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a model for multiple sclerosis, and two previous reports have described resistance of ccr2(-/-) mice to eae. the present study examined three different mouse strains wi ... | 2003 | 12507897 |
| transcriptional analysis of the sfa determinant revealing mmrna processing events in the biogenesis of s fimbriae in pathogenic escherichia coli. | among the virulence factors present in pathogenic extraintestinal escherichia coli strains, expression of fimbrial adhesins is necessary for attachment to the host tissues and subsequent colonization. occurrence of the sfa determinant coding for the s fimbriae is widespread among the uropathogens and meningitis isolates. the sfa operon consists of nine genes. in the biogenesis of s fimbriae, the proteins encoded by the sfa genes are presumably required in a specific stoichiometry. in the present ... | 2003 | 12511509 |
| src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase shp-1 controls the development of allergic airway inflammation. | th2 cells are generated from naive cd4 t cells upon t cell receptor (tcr) recognition of antigen and il-4 stimulation and play crucial roles in humoral immunity against infectious microorganisms and the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. a tyrosine phosphatase, shp-1, that contains src homology 2 (sh2) domains is recognized as a negative regulator for various intracellular signaling molecules, including those downstream of the tcr and the il-4 receptor. here we assessed the role o ... | 2003 | 12511594 |
| bancroftian filariasis: clinical parasitologic and serologic evaluation after 4 years applying two antifilarial regimens. | in august 1 997, 124 individuals out ot 1,110 were selected as being seropositive for circulating filarial antigen og4c3 (cfa). ten healthy children proven negative for cfa were used as controls. the patients were classified into: g1 28 patients; 20 asymptomatic microfilaraemic and 8 symptomatic amicrofilaraemic (amf), g2 80 patients, 22 asymptomatic mf, 48 asymptomatic amf and 10 symptomatic amf and g3 16 asymptomatic amf. g1 was treated by single annual dose of diethyl carbamazine (dec) (6mg/k ... | 2002 | 12512817 |
| enhanced b cell expansion, survival, and humoral responses by targeting death receptor 6. | targeted disruption of death receptor (dr)6 results in enhanced cd4(+) t cell expansion and t helper cell type 2 differentiation after stimulation. similar to t cells, dr6 is expressed on resting b cells but is down-regulated upon activation. we examined dr6(-/-) b cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, dr6(-/-) b cells undergo increased proliferation in response to anti-immunoglobulin m, anti-cd40, and lipopolysaccharide. this hyperproliferative response was due, at least in part, ... | 2003 | 12515813 |
| characteristics of massilia timonae and massilia timonae-like isolates from human patients, with an emended description of the species. | the description of massilia timonae, a nonfermentative aerobic gram-negative rod, was based on a single strain. a subsequent report of a second isolate has been recently published. phenotypic descriptions of these two strains were based primarily on commercial test kit results. we have identified three additional strains as m. timonae by 16s rrna sequence analysis and have characterized them phenotypically in parallel with the type strain of m. timonae, cip 105350, by conventional test methods. ... | 2003 | 12517847 |
| extended virulence genotype of pathogenic escherichia coli isolates carrying the afa-8 operon: evidence of similarities between isolates from humans and animals with extraintestinal infections. | the afimbrial afae-viii adhesin is common among escherichia coli isolates from calves with intestinal and/or extraintestinal infections and from humans with sepsis or pyelonephritis. the virulence genotypes of 77 escherichia coli afa-8 isolates from farm animals and humans were compared to determine whether any trait of commonality exists between isolates of the different host species. over half of the extraintestinal afa-8 isolates were associated with pap and f17ac adhesin genes and contained ... | 2003 | 12517852 |
| tumour necrosis factor-alpha is a fundamental cytokine in autoimmune thyroid disease induced by thyroglobulin and lipopolysaccharide in interleukin-12 p40 deficient c57bl/6 mice. | experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (eat) is inducible in mice by immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (mtg) together with adjuvant, either lipopolysaccharide (lps) or complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). the severity of the disease is dependent on the mouse strain and on the adjuvant used. we have previously shown that interleukin (il)-12 deficient c57bl/6 mice immunized with mtg and cfa develop a significantly less severe thyroid infiltration in comparison to wild type c57 bl/6 mice. this result ... | 2003 | 12519302 |
| immune responses elicited against multiple enterotoxigenic escherichia coli fimbriae and mutant lt expressed in attenuated shigella vaccine strains. | shigella and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) continue to be important causes of diarrheal disease in infants and young children in developing countries and are major etiologic agents of traveler's diarrhea. since attenuated strains of shigella have been developed as live oral vaccines against shigellosis, we have adapted these attenuated shigella strains to serve as carriers of etec antigens, thereby constituting a hybrid vaccine. since protective immunity against etec is largely directe ... | 2003 | 12531629 |
| formalin- or adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation increases neurokinin-1 receptor gene expression in the mouse. | substance p (sp) has been widely studied as a mediator of nociception. the release of sp from primary afferent neurons is increased during nociception, and sp activates neurokinin-1 (nk-1) receptors in the spinal cord and periphery. nociception-evoked alterations in nk-1 receptor gene expression have been studied in rat models of persistent pain but have not been characterized in any murine models of peripheral inflammation. this study assessed behavioral responses and nk-1 receptor mrna gene ex ... | 2003 | 12535787 |
| intra-arterial administration of tnf-alpha followed by arterial ablation is an effective therapy for a regionally confined tnf-resistant rat mammary adenocarcinoma. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that has exhibited anti-tumor activity in a variety of experimental systems. however, the toxicities associated with systemic administration of tnf-alpha have limited its clinical utility and have led to the investigation of targeted delivery techniques with the ability to present the tnf-alpha dose directly to the vascular bed of the tumor. the intra-arterial (ia) administration of tnf-alpha to patients with liver metastase ... | 2003 | 12536235 |