| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| an rna-hydrolyzing recombinant antibody exhibits an antiviral activity against classical swine fever virus. | some proteins with ribonuclease (rnase) activity have been shown to suppress viral replication. a well-characterized recombinant antibody, 3d8 single-chain variable fragment (3d8 scfv), has rna-hydrolyzing and cell-penetrating activities. here, we investigated antiviral activity of 3d8 scfv against classical swine fever virus (csfv). in a cell line expressing 3d8 scfv (c26), intracellular rna-hydrolysis activity was higher compared to control pk-15 cells and viral replication was strongly suppre ... | 2010 | 20382124 |
| genetic variation of classical swine fever virus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions, a genetic marker in the 5' untranslated region of rna. | forty-three strains of classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus (csfv) from outbreaks in pigs in europe, asia and america, two strains from commercial csfv modified live vaccines and a strain isolated from a diseased lamb from spain were subjected to analyses of nucleotide sequence variations in the 5' terminal region of the genome. these isolates were divided into three clusters, namely: csfv-1, csfv-2, and csfv-3, based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region (ut ... | 2008 | 20405435 |
| a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of classical swine fever virus using a minor groove binding probe. | the aim of this study was to develop a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using the minor groove binding probe (mgb rrt-pcr) for rapid and quantitative detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the method, which targets the 5'-nontranslated region (5'ntr) of the viral genome, detected all csfv isolate tested, but not heterologous pathogens. using an in vitro transcript of the 5'ntr as a quantitative standard for the csfv genome copy number, the assay ... | 2010 | 20411415 |
| intranuclear detection of african swine fever virus dna in several cell types from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using a new in situ hybridisation protocol. | in this study, a new in situ hybridisation (ish) protocol has been developed to identify african swine fever virus (asfv) genome in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. different digoxigenin labelled asfv-probes were tested, including single asfv-specific oligonucleotides, an 18.5kb restriction fragment from the viral genome and the entire asfv genome. the latter showed the highest sensitivity in all tissues tested, independently of the virus used for challenge: e75l or ba71l. although a s ... | 2010 | 20417663 |
| enhanced immunity against classical swine fever in pigs induced by prime-boost immunization using an alphavirus replicon-vectored dna vaccine and a recombinant adenovirus. | classical swine fever (csf) - caused by the classical swine fever virus (csfv) - is a fatal disease of pigs that is responsible for extensive losses to the swine industry worldwide. we had demonstrated previously that a prime-boost vaccination strategy using an alphavirus (semliki forest virus, sfv) replicon-vectored dna vaccine (psfv1cs-e2) and a recombinant adenovirus (radv-e2) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of csfv induced enhanced immune responses in a mouse model. in this study, we evaluate ... | 2010 | 20435352 |
| a study on the applicability of implantable microchip transponders for body temperature measurements in pigs. | the applicability of an electronic monitoring system using microchip transponders for measurement of body temperatures was tested in 6-week-old conventional danish weaners infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). subcutaneous tissue temperatures obtained by the implantable transponders were compared with rectal temperatures, recorded by a conventional digital thermometer. | 2010 | 20444254 |
| hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection in a longhorn calf. | a newborn longhorn heifer calf presented with generalized tremors, muscle fasciculations, ataxia, and nystagmus. at necropsy, no gross central nervous system lesions were observed. histologically, the brain and spinal cord had mild to moderate diffuse microgliosis and astrocytosis, minimal nonsuppurative encephalitis, and decreased myelin staining. ultrastructural examination revealed thinning and absence of myelin sheaths. various cell types were immunohistochemically positive for bovine viral ... | 2010 | 20448278 |
| the development of a rapid sybr one step real-time rt-pcr for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | prompt detection of prrsv in the field samples is important for effective prrs control, thereby reducing the potentially serious economic damage which can result from an outbreak. in this study, a rapid sybr-based, one step real-time rt-pcr quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) has been developed for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). primers were designed based on the sequence of highly conservative region of prrsv n gene. | 2010 | 20459705 |
| the n-glycosylation of classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein extracellular domain expressed in the milk of goat. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) outer surface e2 glycoprotein represents an important target to induce protective immunization during infection but the influence of n-glycosylation pattern in antigenicity is yet unclear. in the present work, the n-glycosylation of the e2-csfv extracellular domain expressed in goat milk was determined. enzymatic n-glycans releasing, 2-aminobenzamide (2ab) labeling, weak anion-exchange and normal-phase hplc combined with exoglycosidase digestions and mass spect ... | 2010 | 20460099 |
| optimisation of reverse transcription can improve the sensitivity of rt-pcr for detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious, notifiable disease of pigs and wild boars listed by the world organisation for animal health (oie). therefore, methods employed in the diagnosis of csf should be fast, sensitive and specific. the aim of this study was optimisation of the reverse transcription reaction to increase the sensitivity of real-time rt-pcr for the detection of classical swine fever virus, the aetiological agent of the disease. the efficiency of reverse transcription reaction ... | 2010 | 20460224 |
| assessment of international inter-laboratory comparison tests for the diagnosis of classical swine fever from 1998 until 2007. | the inter-laboratory comparison tests for classical swine fever (csf) laboratory diagnosis organised by the european community reference laboratory for csf are regularly performed within european union member states. the objective of this study was to evaluate the results of the inter-laboratory comparison tests carried out over the last decade, from 1998 until 2007, by using a statistical approach. a set of five or six lyophilised sera was sent to participants. these included sera containing cs ... | 2009 | 20462168 |
| changes in the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome induced by infection with highly virulent classical swine fever virus. | leukopenia and immunosuppression are characteristic clinical manifestations of classical swine fever and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) are major targets of classical swine fever virus. to investigate proteomic expression changes in swine pbmcs during lethal csfv infection, proteins of pbmcs from five lethally csfv-infected pigs were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. quantitative intensity analysis revealed that 66 protein spots showed altered ... | 2010 | 20463149 |
| the toll-like receptor adaptor molecule trif enhances dna vaccination against classical swine fever. | to evaluate the effects of the toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (trif) on immune responses induced by dna vaccines, mice were immunized with the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna/e2 encoding classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 alone or in combination with the trif genetic adjuvant. immune responses were examined in immunized mice. our data demonstrates that co-delivery of the dna vaccine pcdna/e2 with the trif adjuvant augmented specific humoral ... | 2010 | 20466439 |
| evaluation of a primer-probe energy transfer real-time pcr assay for detection of classical swine fever virus. | this study describes evaluation of a real-time pcr assay based on primer-probe energy transfer (priproet) technology for detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the priproet technology allows melting curve analysis following pcr amplification and thus provides a higher specificity. the assay was compared with a taqman assay by testing a total of 203 samples including 175 clinical specimens and 28 batches of hog cholera lapinized virus (hclv) vaccine. the two assays gave the same results ... | 2010 | 20471428 |
| classical swine fever virus down-regulates endothelial connexin 43 gap junctions. | classical swine fever is a contagious disease of pigs characterized by fatal hemorrhagic fever. classical swine fever virus (csfv) induces the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant factors of vascular endothelial cells and establishes a long-term infection. this study aimed to understand the effect of csfv on endothelial connexin 43 (cx43) expression and gap junctional intercellular coupling (gjic). porcine aortic endothelial cells were infected with csfv at different multiplicity of ... | 2010 | 20473696 |
| african swine fever virus protein p17 is essential for the progression of viral membrane precursors toward icosahedral intermediates. | the first morphological evidence of african swine fever virus (asfv) assembly is the appearance of precursor viral membranes, thought to derive from the endoplasmic reticulum, within the assembly sites. we have shown previously that protein p54, a viral structural integral membrane protein, is essential for the generation of the viral precursor membranes. in this report, we study the role of protein p17, an abundant transmembrane protein localized at the viral internal envelope, in these process ... | 2010 | 20504920 |
| expression and purification of antimicrobial peptide cm4 by npro fusion technology in e. coli. | antimicrobial peptide cm4 is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells. different strategies have been developed to produce small antibacterial peptides using recombinant techniques. to date, no efforts to obtain large quantities of active recombinant cm4 have been reported. in order to establish a bacterium-based cm4 production system, cm4 was cloned into pet28a and expressed with npro mutant (eddie) fusion. cm4 expressed as eddie are depos ... | 2010 | 20512388 |
| [progress in dna vaccines against classical swine fever: a review]. | in 1990, it was reported that the naked dna encoding an antigen (so-called dna vaccine) transduced directly into the muscle is able to induce immune responses just like antigen inoculation. since then, a number of dna vaccines against different diseases have been developed and shown to induce different levels of specific humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity. efforts have been made to develop effective dna vaccines against classical swine fever (csf). this review covered the following aspects in ... | 2010 | 20518338 |
| [sequence analysis, expression and antigenicity detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 gene]. | in this study, we cloned the ns3 gene from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vedevac strain. the result showed that the average p-distance of pestivirus ns3 amino acid sequence was 0.07 and the vedevac strain was classified to bvdv type 1. using pet-30a(+) as vector and escherichia coli rosetta (de3) as host, we obtained purified recombinant ns3 protein by ni-nta affinity chromatography. western blotting analysis demonstrated that both bvdv positive serum and classical swine fever virus (csfv) ... | 2010 | 20518342 |
| protective efficacy of a classical swine fever virus c-strain deletion mutant and ability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. | classical swine fever (csf) continues to be the most economically damaging pig disease in the world. the disease can be effectively controlled by vaccination with the live c-strain vaccine. this vaccine, however, does not enable the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva) and its use can therefore impose severe trade restrictions. csf-specific diagnostic elisas detect antibodies directed against the conserved and immunodominant a domain of the e2 structural gly ... | 2011 | 20541334 |
| classical swine fever virus in south-eastern europe--retrospective analysis of the disease situation and molecular epidemiology. | classical swine fever (csf) is among the most important diseases of domestic pigs and causes great socio-economic losses. therefore, control of csf is given high priority within the european union, including financial support of concerted control actions in candidate and in potential candidate countries. unfortunately, from some of these countries information on the csf situation and related data is very limited. this study was undertaken to gather all available information on the domestic pig p ... | 2010 | 20541876 |
| crystal structure and functional characterization of an immunomodulatory salivary cystatin from the soft tick ornithodoros moubata. | the saliva of blood-feeding parasites is a rich source of peptidase inhibitors that help to overcome the host's defence during host-parasite interactions. using proteomic analysis, the cystatin omc2 was demonstrated in the saliva of the soft tick ornithodoros moubata, an important disease vector transmitting african swine fever virus and the spirochaete borrelia duttoni. a structural, biochemical and biological characterization of this peptidase inhibitor was undertaken in the present study. rec ... | 2010 | 20545626 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from peru. | classical swine fever (csf) is considered to be endemic in peru with outbreaks reported to the world organization for animal health as recently as 2008 and 2009. nevertheless, little is known regarding the genetic subgroup(s) of csf virus that are circulating in peru or their relationship to recent csf viruses that have been isolated from neighbouring south american countries or other parts of the world. in this study, we molecularly characterize csf viruses that were isolated from domestic pigs ... | 2010 | 20545910 |
| understanding inhibition of viral proteins on type i ifn signaling pathways with modeling and optimization. | the interferon system provides a powerful and universal intracellular defense mechanism against viruses. as one part of their survival strategies, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the host type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) responses. in this study, we attempt to investigate virus- and double-strand rna (dsrna)-triggered type i ifn signaling pathways and understand the inhibition of ifn-alpha/beta induction by viral proteins using mathematical modeling and quantitative analysis ... | 2010 | 20553733 |
| identification of antigen-specific residues on e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. | envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the major antigen that induces neutralizing antibodies in infected pigs. our previous study revealed that n-terminal 90 residues (domains b/c) of e2 play key roles in differentiating vaccine strain lpc/ahri (subgroup 1.1) from the two field strains td/96/twn (subgroup 2.1) and 94.4/il/94/twn (subgroup 3.4) (chang et al., 2010). this study further analyzed the reaction patterns between monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and expressed hyb ... | 2010 | 20558217 |
| improved sero-monitoring assay for classical swine fever (csf) using the recombinant e2 protein of a recent korean isolate. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious disease of pigs that causes fever, diarrhea and paralysis, often resulting in death. e2 is the major structural protein of the csf virus (csfv) and mediates the entrance of the virus, subsequently inducing a neutralizing immune response. in this study, the e2 gene of a recent korean isolate of csf, sw03, was cloned and the dna sequence was compared to other strains via phylogenetic analysis. with the purified e2 protein, an enzyme-linked immunos ... | 2011 | 20591455 |
| proteomic analysis of primary porcine endothelial cells after infection by classical swine fever virus. | endothelial cells are the main target of classical swine fever virus during infection, and extensive hemorrhage is the most typical clinical sign of classical swine fever. to investigate the molecular mechanism of hemorrhagic pathogenesis, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis with fluorescent dyes (2d-dige) was used to analyze the proteomic profile of primary porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (puvecs) following csfv infection. of 15 protein spots with differential expression, 8 ... | 2010 | 20595071 |
| sensitive detection of african swine fever virus using real-time pcr with a 5' conjugated minor groove binder probe. | the design of a 5' conjugated minor groove binder (mgb) probe real-time pcr assay is described for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna. the assay is designed against the 9gl region and is capable of detecting 20 copies of a dna standard. it does not detect any of the other common swine dna viruses tested in this study. the assay can detect asfv dna in a range of clinical samples. sensitivity was equivalent to the office international des epizooties ... | 2010 | 20621646 |
| expression and immunological studies of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2 in the bi-cistronic baculovirus/larvae expression system. | to develop an economical, easy technique for producing recombinant e2 glycoprotein (re2) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) as a candidate immunogen, a bi-cistronic baculovirus/larvae expression vector was constructed using p10 promoter, an internal ribosome entry site, and the gfp gene. trichoplusia ni larvae were successfully infected with the occluded recombinant baculovirus via feed, and the characteristics of re2 were confirmed by immunoblot and glycosylation stain. re2 at a concentratio ... | 2010 | 20622456 |
| the classical swine fever virus n-terminal protease n(pro) binds to cellular hax-1. | the positive-stranded rna genome of classical swine fever virus (csfv) encodes 12 known proteins. the first protein to be translated is the n-terminal protease (n(pro)). n(pro) helps evade the innate interferon response by targeting interferon regulatory factor-3 for proteasomal degradation and also participates in the evasion of dsrna-induced apoptosis. to elucidate the mechanisms by which n(pro) functions, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen in which the anti-apoptotic protein hax-1 was ide ... | 2010 | 20631090 |
| classical swine fever virus ns3 is an ires-binding protein and increases ires-dependent translation. | to get more evidences for understanding the role of ns3 in viral translation, we observed the promotive effect of csfv ns3 on ires-mediated translation by using dicistronic and monocistronic systems containing the precise segment comprising csfv ires. the results for affinity chromatography and uv-crosslinking assays indicated that ns3 bound csfv ires and that csfv ns5a and ns5b could reduce the ires-ns3 interaction. further experiments showed that the ns5a also bound the ires and that ns3 and n ... | 2010 | 20637813 |
| complete genomic sequence of a border disease virus isolated from pyrenean chamois. | this report describes the full-length genome sequence of the pestivirus strain h2121 which was recently isolated from pyrenean chamois and typed as border disease virus (bdv) genotype 4. comparison with full-length genomic sequences of the approved pestivirus species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, bdv, and classical swine fever virus, the tentative species represented by strain giraffe-1, as well as the atypical pestivirus strain th/04_khonkaen confirmed that the chamois pestivi ... | 2010 | 20638945 |
| molecular epidemiology of current classical swine fever virus isolates of wild boar in germany. | classical swine fever (csf) has caused significant economic losses in industrialized pig production, and is still present in some european countries. recent csf outbreaks in europe were mainly associated with strains of genogroup 2 (subgroup 2.3). although there are extensive datasets regarding 2.3 strains, there is very little information available on longer fragments or whole classical swine fever virus (csfv) genomes. furthermore, there are no detailed analyses of the molecular epidemiology o ... | 2010 | 20660149 |
| transmission of classical swine fever virus depends on the clinical course of infection which is associated with high and low levels of virus excretion. | infection with moderately virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) can lead to different courses of disease: either (sub)acute, resulting in death or recovery, or chronic disease. the virus excretion dynamics between these courses are quite dissimilar, but it is not known if this also results in differences in virus transmission. in this study, the excretion and transmission dynamics of the moderately virulent paderborn strain were studied in 15 one-to-one experiments. in these exp ... | 2011 | 20674195 |
| small peptide inhibitors disrupt a high-affinity interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and a viral cargo protein. | several viruses target the microtubular motor system in early stages of the viral life cycle. african swine fever virus (asfv) protein p54 hijacks the microtubule-dependent transport by interaction with a dynein light chain (dynll1/dlc8). this was shown to be a high-affinity interaction, and the residues gradually disappearing were mapped on dlc8 to define a putative p54 binding surface by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the potential of short peptides targeting the binding domain ... | 2010 | 20686048 |
| in vitro inhibition of csfv replication by retroviral vector-mediated rna interference. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs which causes major economic losses worldwide. no specific drug is currently available for the effective treatment of csfv infection. rna interference (rnai) technology depends on effective delivery systems, for which several effective vectors have recently been developed. three retroviral plasmids containing sirna genes targeting different regions of n(pro) and ns4a have been constructed, and 3 replication-incompetent retro ... | 2010 | 20691206 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies and gene-deleted virus vaccines. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed specifically for detection and differentiation of pseudorabies virus (prv). one group of primers was designed to detect wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the ge gene) and the other group of primers was designed to detect both prv ge-vaccine and wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the gg gene and with or without the ge gene). after amplification by bst enzyme at a constant temperature of 65 degrees c, a laddering of bright ... | 2010 | 20691214 |
| establishment of a multiplex rt-pcr assay to detect different lineages of swine h1 and h3 influenza a viruses. | classical swine h1n1, emerging european avian-like h1n1 and human-like h3n2 lineages are co-circulating in the swine population in china. the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is an effective method for use in influenza surveillance. in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for simultaneous identification of hemagglutinin (ha) genes derived from the three lineages of swine influenza viruses. three primer sets were designed and aimed specifically at ha g ... | 2010 | 20700759 |
| characterization of essential domains and plasticity of the classical swine fever virus core protein. | pestiviruses are pathogens of cloven-hoofed animals, belonging to the flaviviridae. the pestiviral particle consists of a lipid membrane containing the three envelope glycoproteins erns, e1, and e2 and a nucleocapsid of unknown symmetry, which is composed of the core protein and the viral positive-sense rna genome. the positively charged pestiviral core protein consists of 86 to 89 amino acids. to analyze the organization of essential domains, n- and c-terminal truncations, as well as internal d ... | 2010 | 20702631 |
| the african swine fever virus dp71l protein recruits the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit to dephosphorylate eif2alpha and inhibits chop induction but is dispensable for these activities during virus infection. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) dp71l protein is present in all isolates as either a short form of 70 to 72 amino acids or a long form of about 184 amino acids, and both of these share sequence similarity to the c-terminal domain of the herpes simplex virus icp34.5 protein and cellular protein gadd34. in the present study we expressed dp71l in different mammalian cells and demonstrated that dp71l causes dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eif2α) in resting ... | 2010 | 20702639 |
| matrix-assisted refolding of autoprotease fusion proteins on an ion exchange column: a kinetic investigation. | matrix-assisted refolding is an excellent technique for performing refolding of recombinant proteins at high concentration because aggregation during refolding is partially suppressed. the autoprotease n(pro) and its engineered mutant eddie can be efficiently refolded on cation-exchangers. in the current work, denatured fusion proteins were loaded at different column saturations (5 and 50 mg ml(-1) gel), and refolding and self-cleavage were initiated during elution. the contact time of the prote ... | 2010 | 20708192 |
| a novel spatial and stochastic model to evaluate the within- and between-farm transmission of classical swine fever virus. i. general concepts and description of the model. | a new stochastic and spatial model was developed to evaluate the potential spread of classical swine fever virus (csfv) within- and between-farms, and considering the specific farm-to-farm contact network. within-farm transmission was simulated using a modified si model. between-farm transmission was assumed to occur by direct contacts (i.e. animal movement) and indirect contacts (i.e. local spread, vehicle and person contacts) and considering the spatial location of farms. control measures dict ... | 2011 | 20708351 |
| classical swine fever in 6- and 11-week-old pigs: haematological and immunological parameters are modulated in pigs with mild clinical disease. | the severity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection is believed to be determined by different factors, including the virulence of the strain as well as factors related to the host. in the present study, we infected 6- and 11-week-old pigs of unique sanitary status with csfv strain eystrup to elucidate the influence of age on virulence. in both age-groups, a mild clinical course correlated well with the gross-pathological findings at necropsy. the minor variations of clinical, pathologic ... | 2010 | 20709412 |
| control of african swine fever virus replication by small interfering rna targeting the a151r and vp72 genes. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the unique member of the asfarviridae family and asfivirus genus. it is an enveloped double-stranded dna arbovirus that replicates in the cell cytoplasm, similar to poxviruses. there is no vaccine and no treatment available to control this virus. | 2010 | 20710054 |
| peptide affinity chromatography media that bind n(pro) fusion proteins under chaotropic conditions. | to design a generic purification platform and to combine the advantages of fusion protein technology and matrix-assisted refolding, a peptide affinity medium was developed that binds inclusion body-derived n(pro) fusion proteins under chaotropic conditions. proteins were expressed in escherichia coli using an expression system comprising the autoprotease n(pro) from pestivirus, or its engineered mutant called eddie, with c-terminally linked target proteins. upon refolding, the autoprotease becam ... | 2010 | 20800233 |
| effects of the interactions of classical swine fever virus core protein with proteins of the sumoylation pathway on virulence in swine. | here we have identified host cell proteins involved with the cellular sumoylation pathway, sumo-1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier) and ubc9, a sumo-1 conjugating enzyme that interact with classical swine fever virus (csfv) core protein. five highly conserved lysine residues (k179, k180, k220, k221, and k246) within the csfv core were identified as putative sumoylation sites. analysis of these interactions showed that k179a, k180a, and k221a substitutions disrupt core-sumo-1 binding, while k220a s ... | 2010 | 20800867 |
| high-resolution epitope mapping for monoclonal antibodies to the structural protein erns of classical swine fever virus using peptide array and random peptide phage display approaches. | the structural glycoprotein e(rns) (an envelope protein with rnase activity) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is not well characterized with respect to its antigenic structure and organization. here, we investigated the antigenic sites on e(rns) by raising mabs against the escherichia coli expressed e(rns) of csfv strain alfort/187 and defined the b-cell epitopes recognized by these antibodies. eighteen mabs to e(rns) were identified and they were classified as either immunoglobulin subclas ... | 2010 | 20810747 |
| peptide vaccine candidates against classical swine fever virus: t cell and neutralizing antibody responses of dendrimers displaying e2 and ns2-3 epitopes. | three peptide-based systems integrating b and t antigenic sites of csfv and displaying the b epitopes in fourfold presentation have been designed and produced, and shown to bring about significant enhancements in immunogenicity over the peptides in monomeric form. of the different strategies tested for producing the dendrimeric constructs, stepwise spps using 3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid as flexible, peg-like spacer units at the branching points is clearly advantageous, in particular over ligation in ... | 2011 | 20812373 |
| development of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus m protein-based elisa for virus detection. | a membrane (m), protein-based elisa was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the m gene of pedv was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant m protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate a polyclonal antibody. immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the anti-pedv-m antibody reacted with pedv-infected cells. the antibody was utilized to develop an indirect elisa to detect pedv. other viruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, avian in ... | 2010 | 20882317 |
| comparison of the protective efficacy of recombinant adenoviruses against classical swine fever. | classical swine fever (csf), which is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), is a highly contagious and often fatal swine disease that is responsible for significant losses to the swine industry worldwide. previously, we demonstrated that pigs immunized with a recombinant adenovirus (radv-e2) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of csfv were protected against virulent csfv; however, a few pigs showed a short-term fever and occasional pathological changes. to enhance the efficacy of the vaccine, ... | 2010 | 20923683 |
| investigation of a pig herd with animals seropositive for classical swine fever and where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. | aim: to investigate the cause of classical swine fever (csf) virus-seropositive animals in a nucleus pig-breeding herd in new zealand, where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. case history and clinical findings: an exotic disease investigation was undertaken to exclude csf and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) on a nucleus pig-breeding herd comprising approximately 300 breeding sows, 1,000 weaners, and 650 grower pigs. the herd was experiencing poor repr ... | 2010 | 20927176 |
| [comparison of six detection methods for classical swine fever virus]. | we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of six methods to detect classical swine fever virus (csfv). | 2010 | 20931878 |
| human αifn co-formulated with milk derived e2-csfv protein induce early full protection in vaccinated pigs. | subunit vaccines are a suitable alternative for the control of classical swine fever. however, such vaccines have as the main drawback the relatively long period of time required to induce a protective response, which hampers their use under outbreak conditions. in this work, type i interferon is used as an immunostimulating molecule in order to increase the immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate based on the e2-csfv antigen produced in goat milk. pigs vaccinated with e2-csfv antigen co-formulate ... | 2010 | 20933567 |
| a novel rt-lamp assay for rapid and simple detection of classical swine fever virus. | a simple and rapid assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was established using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). this study describes the amplification of the genomic rna of csfv under isothermal conditions (63 °c) within one hour, using a set of six primers (two outer primers, two inner primers and two loop primers). this rt-lamp assay showed 100-fold higher sensitivity than the standard rt-pcr method and identified eighteen addition ... | 2010 | 20960285 |
| an indirect elisa of classical swine fever virus based on quadruple antigenic epitope peptide expressed in e.coli. | in this study, a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein was expressed in e. coli to a obtain target protein. this target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect elisa for specifically detecting anti-csfv antibodies in serum samples from pigs. the p/n cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve (roc) analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples. the test ... | 2010 | 20960287 |
| african swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site. | the role of the ancestral sylvatic cycle of the african swine fever virus (asfv) is not well understood in the endemic areas of eastern africa. we therefore analysed the asf infection status on samples collected from 51 free-ranging warthogs (phacocherus africanus) and 1576 ornithodorus porcinus ticks from 26 independent warthog burrows at a single ranch in kenya. abattoir samples from 83 domestic pigs without clinical symptoms, originating from specific locations with no recent reported asf out ... | 2010 | 20965989 |
| preliminary report on the propagation of hog cholera virus in vitro. | | 1946 | 20998692 |
| concentration of hog-cholera virus in the blood of artificially infected swine at different stages of the disease. | | 1946 | 21014208 |
| [construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus and the porcine interleukin 2 in rabbits]. | to construct a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and the porcine interleukin 2 (pil-2), the csfv e2 gene and pil-2 gene were amplified respectively from the plasmids pmd19-t-e2 and pmd19-t-pil-2 by pcr. e2-pil-2 fusion gene was obtained by using 5 consecutive glycine codons as a linker and cloned into the adenoviral shuttle plasmid adtrack. the adtrack-e2-pil-2 was linearized and transformed into e. coli bj5183 with the backbone plasmid ade ... | 2010 | 21043139 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification for visual detection of the hclv vaccine against classical swine fever in china. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed and evaluated for the rapid and specific detection of hclv vaccine strain against classical swine fever. four primers were designed for amplification of ns5b gene region with bst dna polymerase at a constant temperature of 65°c. the products showed ladder-like pattern on 2% agarose gel, and can be visualised after addition of sybr green i dye. the detection limit of the assay was 5 copies of the hclv genome per reaction. no cros ... | 2010 | 21055419 |
| the african swine fever virus lectin ep153r modulates the surface membrane expression of mhc class i antigens. | we have modeled a 3d structure for the c-type lectin domain of the african swine fever virus protein ep153r, based on the structure of cd69, cd94 and ly49a cell receptors, and this model predicts that a dimer of ep153r may establish an asymmetric interaction with one mhc-i molecule. a functional consequence of this interaction could be the modulation of mhc-i expression. by using both transfection and virus infection experiments, we demonstrate here that ep153r inhibits mhc-i membrane expression ... | 2010 | 21069396 |
| structural models of dynll1 with interacting partners: african swine fever virus protein p54 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin. | dynll1, the smallest dynein light chain, interacts with different cargos facilitating their cellular transport. usually the sequence recognized in the targets is homologous to the giqvd or the kxtqt motifs with a glutamine that is important for binding. here we add two new examples of dynll1 targets that can be classified into these two groups: asfv p54 and gephyrin. using nmr we demonstrate the direct interaction between dynll1 and two peptides derived from their interacting sequences. we model ... | 2010 | 21094642 |
| development of a highly sensitive real-time rt-pcr protocol for the detection of classical swine fever virus independent of the 5' untranslated region. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs, and can cause immense economic losses. real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) can be used as a sensitive and specific method for detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). different published protocols are used routinely for csfv diagnosis. however, almost all these systems use the highly conserved 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the csfv genome as template. for a reliable diagnosis in ou ... | 2010 | 21111760 |
| first detection of african swine fever virus in ornithodoros porcinus in madagascar and new insights into tick distribution and taxonomy. | abstract: | 2010 | 21118485 |
| emergence of african swine fever virus, northwestern iran. | in 2008, african swine fever was introduced into georgia, after which it spread to neighboring armenia, azerbaijan, and the russian federation. that same year, pcr and sequence analysis identified african swine fever virus in samples from 3 dead female wild boars in northwestern iran. wild boars may serve as a reservoir. | 2010 | 21122227 |
| detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the ns1 gene. | a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (ppv). two primers and a taqman probe for the non-structural protein ns1 gene were designed. the detection limit was 1 x 10² dna copies/μl, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever vir ... | 2010 | 21126330 |
| time-dependent infection probability of classical swine fever via excretions and secretions. | several routes contribute to the spread of classical swine fever (csf) during outbreaks of this disease. however, for many infected herds in recent epidemics, no route of virus introduction could be indentified. to obtain more insight into the relative importance of secretions and excretions in transmission of csf virus, a model was developed. this model quantified the daily transmission probabilities from one infectious pig to one susceptible pig, using quantitative data on: (a) virus excretion ... | 2010 | 21145604 |
| novel bioluminescent quantitative detection of nucleic acid amplification in real-time. | the real-time monitoring of polynucleotide amplification is at the core of most molecular assays. this conventionally relies on fluorescent detection of the amplicon produced, requiring complex and costly hardware, often restricting it to specialised laboratories. | 2010 | 21152399 |
| design and verification of a highly reliable linear-after-the-exponential pcr (late-pcr) assay for the detection of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly pathogenic dna virus that is the causative agent of african swine fever (asf), an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, causing a range of syndromes. acute disease is characterized by high fever, haemorrhages in the reticuloendothelial system, and a high mortality rate. a powerful novel diagnostic assay based on the linear-after-the-exponential-pcr (late-pcr) principle was developed to detect asfv. late-pcr is an advance ... | 2010 | 21167207 |
| experimental infection of common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus ii: a comparative histopathological study. | wild african suidae, the common warthog (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus), were experimentally infected with classical swine fever (csf) virus following the diagnosis of csf subtype 2.1 in domestic pigs in south africa in 2005. no data regarding the susceptibility or potential lesions of these african wild suids are available. seven subadult warthogs and six bushpigs were captured and infected intranasally with the south african isolate. two in-contact control animals ... | 2010 | 21176120 |
| phenotypic and cytologic studies of lymphoid cells and monocytes in primary culture of porcine bone marrow during infection of african swine fever virus. | we have modeled in vitro infection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in primary unstimulated cells of the porcine bone marrow and have studied the phenotypical changes in the population of porcine lymphoid cells by cytophotometry. monocytes and large-sized lymphocytes completely vanished in 72 h of infection which is result of high sensitivity of those cells to asfv. we describe dna synthesis in monocytes at 24 h post infection. cytophotometry of the uninfected cells revealed the few number of ... | 2010 | 21184199 |
| immunogenic and replicative properties of classical swine fever virus replicon particles modified to induce ifn-α/β and carry foreign genes. | virus replicon particles (vrp) are genetically engineered infectious virions incapable of generating progeny virus due to partial or complete deletion of at least one structural gene. vrp fulfil the criteria of a safe vaccine and gene delivery system. with vrp derived from classical swine fever virus (csf-vrp), a single intradermal vaccination protects from disease. spreading of the challenge virus in the host is however not completely abolished. parameters that are critical for immunogenicity o ... | 2010 | 21184857 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr for rapid and simultaneous detection of porcine teschovirus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in clinical specimens. | a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to detect multiple viral infections of swine simultaneously. one pair of primers was selected carefully for each of the following three rna viruses: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and porcine teschovirus (ptv). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 451bp (prrsv), 343bp (csfv), or 163bp (ptv). the sensitivity of the mrt-pcr using purifi ... | 2010 | 21192983 |
| antigenic analysis of classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein using pig antibodies identifies residues contributing to antigenic variation of the vaccine c-strain and group 2 strains circulating in china. | glycoprotein e2, the immunodominant protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv), can induce neutralizing antibodies and confer protective immunity in pigs. our previous phylogenetic analysis showed that subgroup 2.1 viruses branched away from subgroup 1.1, the vaccine c-strain lineage, and became dominant in china. the e2 glycoproteins of csfv c-strain and recent subgroup 2.1 field isolates are genetically different. however, it has not been clearly demonstrated how this diversity affects anti ... | 2010 | 21194462 |
| a novel tlr3 inhibitor encoded by african swine fever virus (asfv). | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes proteins that manipulate important host antiviral mechanisms. bioinformatic analysis of the asfv genome revealed orf i329l, a gene without any previous functional characterization as a possible inhibitor of tlr signaling. we demonstrate that orf i329l encodes a highly glycosylated protein expressed in the cell membrane and on its surface. i329l also inhibited dsrna-stimulated activation of nfκb and irf3, two key players in innate immunity. consistent with ... | 2011 | 21203785 |
| genetic characterization of african swine fever viruses from a 2008 outbreak in tanzania. | outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) have been reported in the past from several countries in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to genotype asf viruses (asfvs) from the 2008 outbreak in morogoro and dar es salaam regions of tanzania. tissue samples from domestic pigs that died as a result of severe haemorrhagic disease were collected and analysed with pcr and genome sequencing methods using asfv-specific primer sets. nucleotide sequence data were obtained for the b646l (p72), e183l ... | 2010 | 21214868 |
| cloning, characterization and diagnostic performance of the salivary lipocalin protein tsgp1 from ornithodoros moubata. | the argasid tick ornithodoros moubata is distributed throughout south and east africa and madagascar, where it colonizes wild and domestic habitats and feeds on warthogs, domestic swine, and humans. this argasid transmits the spirochete borrelia duttonii, causing east african tick-borne relapsing fever in humans, and the african swine fever virus, which causes a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease in pigs. tick surveillance and the elimination of o. moubata from synanthropic environments (human d ... | 2010 | 21216104 |
| identification of an ntpase motif in classical swine fever virus ns4b protein. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine caused by csf virus (csfv), a positive-sense single-stranded rna virus within the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family. here, we have identified conserved sequence elements observed in nucleotide-binding motifs (nbm) that hydrolyze ntps within the csfv non-structural (ns) protein ns4b. expressed ns4b protein hydrolyzes both atp and gtp. substitutions of critical residues within the identified ns4b nbm walk ... | 2011 | 21236462 |
| characterisation of interaction between ns3 and ns5b protein of classical swine fever virus by deletion of terminal sequences of ns5b. | the ns3-ns5b interaction of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is important for viral replication. for characterisation of the interaction between the ns3 and ns5b, a series of ns5b mutants with deletion of n-, c-terminal amino acids and quadruple alanine substitution mutations were produced. gst pull-down assays and immunoprecipitation analyses showed that ns5b and some ns5b mutants have ns3 binding activity. further experimental data indicated that csfv ns5b might contain two ns3 binding sites ... | 2011 | 21237222 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ns5b gene of classical swine fever virus isolates indicates plausible chinese origin of indian subgroup 2.2 viruses. | twenty-three csfv isolates recovered from field outbreaks in various parts of india during 2006-2009 were used for genetic analysis in the ns5b region (409 nts). seventeen of these were studied earlier [16] in the 5'utr region. phylogenetic analysis indicated the continued dominance of subgroup 1.1 strains in the country. detailed analysis of a subgroup 2.2 virus indicated the plausible chinese origin of this subgroup in india and provided indirect evidence of routes of csfv movement within sout ... | 2011 | 21246270 |
| processing and localization of the african swine fever virus cd2v transmembrane protein. | the african swine fever virus (asfv)-encoded cd2v transmembrane protein is required for the hemadsorption of red blood cells around infected cells and is also required for the inhibition of bystander lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens. we studied the expression of cd2v by expressing the gene with a v5 tag downstream from the signal peptide near the n terminus and a hemagglutinin (ha) tag at the c terminus. in asfv-infected cells, a full-length glycosylated form of the cd2v protein, ... | 2011 | 21248037 |
| human mxa protein inhibits the replication of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) has a spherical enveloped particle with a single stranded rna genome, the virus belonging to a pestivirus of the family flaviviridae is the causative agent of an acute contagious disease classical swine fever (csf). the interferon-induced mxa protein has been widely shown to inhibit the life cycle of certain rna viruses as members of the bunyaviridae family and others. interestingly, it has been reported that expression of mxa in infected cells was blocked by c ... | 2011 | 21255621 |
| identification of a linear epitope on the capsid protein of classical swine fever virus. | the capsid (c) protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is proposed to play an essential role in the replication and translation of the viral rna. in this study, a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against the c protein was generated with the recombinant c protein expressed in escherichia coli as immunogen. ifa and ipma analysis showed that the native c protein of csfv virions was reactive to the mab. by truncating the c protein, we identified a linear epitope recognized by the mab, corres ... | 2011 | 21255622 |
| interaction between core protein of classical swine fever virus with cellular iqgap1 protein appears essential for virulence in swine. | here we show that iqgap1, a cellular protein that plays a pivotal role as a regulator of the cytoskeleton interacts with classical swine fever virus (csfv) core protein. sequence analyses identified residues within csfv core protein (designated as areas i, ii, iii and iv) that maintain homology to regions within the matrix protein of moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv) that mediate binding to iqgap1 [embo j, 2006 25:2155]. alanine-substitution within core regions i, ii, iii and iv identified re ... | 2011 | 21262517 |
| characterization of the porcine p65 subunit of nf-?b and its association with virus antibody levels. | nf-?b p65 subunit plays important roles in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. here we report the characterization of porcine nf-?b p65 subunit (pp65). pp65 shows high similarity to other mammalian counterparts. pp65 mrna expression was mainly observed in lung, spleen, liver and small intestine. furthermore, overexpression of pp65 activates nf-?b in porcine endothelial cell line piec, porcine alveolar macrophages cell line 3d4/21 and porcine primary fetal fibroblasts. a cooh-terminal ... | 2011 | 21269694 |
| biosynthesis of classical swine fever virus nonstructural proteins. | proteolytic processing of polyproteins is considered a crucial step in the life cycle of most positive-strand rna viruses. an enhancement of ns2-3 processing has been described as a major difference between the noncytopathogenic (non-cp) and the cytopathogenic (cp) biotypes of pestiviruses. the effects of accelerated versus delayed ns2-3 processing on the maturation of the other nonstructural proteins (nsp) have never been compared. in this study, we analyzed the proteolytic processing of nsp in ... | 2011 | 21270154 |
| modeling of the toll-like receptor 3 and a putative toll-like receptor 3 antagonist encoded by the african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large double-stranded dna virus responsible for a lethal pig disease, to which no vaccine has ever been obtained. its genome encodes a number of proteins involved in virus survival and transmission in its hosts, in particular proteins that inhibit signaling pathways in infected macrophages and, thus, interfere with the host's innate immune response. a recently identified novel asfv viral protein (pi329l) was found to inhibit the toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) s ... | 2011 | 21280117 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the e2 gene of classical swine fever virus from the guangxi province of southern china. | in this study, suspected classical swine fever (csf) samples from the guangxi province of china were obtained from pigs with acute csf, aborted fetuses, newborn pigs that died at 1-2 days of age, tonsils of healthy pigs, and leukocytes of immunized sows during 2001-2009. about 92 of 775 samples were found to be positive by rt-pcr, and 41 isolates were obtained. phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 31 isolates by sequencing the e2 gene, and the isolates were found to cluster into two groups ... | 2011 | 21287256 |
| experimental infection of common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus. i: susceptibility and transmission. | an incursion of classical swine fever virus (csfv) into the domestic pig population in south africa, identified in 2005, raised the concern that infection might spread to wildlife species and be maintained in these hosts. this study sought to determine whether two wildlife suidae species present in south africa, the bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus) and the common warthog (phacochoerus africanus), could support productive csfv infection. both species could be infected with csfv and transmitted in ... | 2011 | 21294855 |
| influence of the 5'-proximal elements of the 5'-untranslated region of classical swine fever virus on translation and replication. | the 5'-terminal sequence spanning nt 1-29 of the 5'-untranslated region of classical swine fever virus (csfv) forms a 5'-proximal stem-loop structure known as domain ia. deletions and replacement mutations were performed to examine the role of this domain. deletion of the 5'-proximal nucleotides and disruption of the stem-loop structure greatly increased internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation but abolished the replication of the replicons. internal deletions resulting in a change in t ... | 2011 | 21307229 |
| dual promoter lentiviral vector generates transgenic mice expressing e2-csfv glycoprotein in their milk, but impairs early identification of transgenic embryos. | lentiviral vectors containing the green fluorescent protein gene have been successfully used to select transgenic embryos before transfer to a surrogate mother. however, there are apparently no reports regarding early detection of transgenic embryos using a lentiviral vector carrying an additional transcription unit for tissue-specific expression of a valuable protein. in this study, two hiv-based lentiviral vectors were constructed. the first one contained the green fluorescent protein (gfp) co ... | 2011 | 21316751 |
| classical swine fever virus ns2 protein promotes interleukin-8 expression and inhibits mg132-induced apoptosis. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a hemorrhagic disease of pigs and is characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and immunosuppression. until now, the role of the ns2 protein produced by csfv in the pathogenesis of csf is not well understood. in this report, we investigated the function of csfv ns2 by examining its effects on the pro-inflammatory cxc chemokine, interleukin-8 (il-8) expression, and cell ... | 2011 | 21318239 |
| assessment of interactions between african swine fever virus, bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus), ornithodoros ticks and domestic pigs in north-western madagascar. | since its introduction in madagascar in 1998, african swine fever (asf) has severely affected national pig production and persists as a common disease in that country. two of its natural hosts in the african continent, the bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus) and tick vectors of the ornithodoros moubata complex, are reported in west and central regions of the island. however, their role in the maintenance and transmission of the virus has been insufficiently studied. in this work, we tried to assess ... | 2011 | 21320295 |
| structural features of the seneca valley virus internal ribosome entry site (ires) element: a picornavirus with a pestivirus-like ires. | the rna genome of seneca valley virus (svv), a recently identified picornavirus, contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element which has structural and functional similarity to that from classical swine fever virus (csfv) and hepatitis c virus, members of the flaviviridae. the svv ires has an absolute requirement for the presence of a short region of virus-coding sequence to allow it to function either in cells or in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. the ires activity does not require the tr ... | 2011 | 21325406 |
| lack of phylogenetic evidence that the shimen strain is the parental strain of the lapinized chinese strain (c-strain) vaccine against classical swine fever. | the chinese hog cholera lapinized virus (hclv), also called the "chinese strain" or "c-strain" of classical swine fever virus (csfv), was developed in china in the 1950s. there are uncertainties about the genetic heterogeneity and origin of this vaccine virus. the objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of the c-strain, for which nucleotide sequences have been submitted to genbank from different laboratories, and to determine whether there is any evidence to suppor ... | 2011 | 21340740 |
| molecular monitoring of african swine fever virus using surveys targeted at adult ornithodoros ticks: a re-evaluation of mkuze game reserve, south africa. | the mkuze game reserve (mgr), in north-eastern kwazulu-natal province, south africa is an african swine fever virus (asf) controlled area. in a survey conducted in 1978, asf prevalence in warthogs and ornithodoros ticks in mgr was determined to be 2% and 0.06%, respectively. these values, acknowledged as being unusually low compared to other east and southern african asf-positive sylvatic-cycle host populations, have not been assessed since. the availability of a sensitive pcr-based virus detect ... | 2009 | 21344788 |
| isolation and identification of a bovine viral diarrhea virus from sika deer in china. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections continue to cause significantly losses in the deer population. better isolation and identification of bvdv from sika deer may contribute significantly to the development of prophylactic therapeutic, and diagnostic reagents as well as help in prevention and control of bvdv. however, isolation and identification of bvdv from sika deer is seldom reported in literature. in this study, we collected some samples according to clinical sign of bvdv to isolat ... | 2011 | 21352530 |
| genetic characterisation of african swine fever viruses from recent and historical outbreaks in sardinia (1978-2009). | three discrete regions of the african swine fever virus (asfv) were analysed in the genomes of a wide range of isolates collected from wild and domestic pigs in sardinia, over a 31-year period (1978-2009). the analysis was conducted by genotyping based on sequence data from three single copy asf genes. the e183l gene encoding the structural protein p54 and part of the gene encoding the p72 protein were used to delineate genotypes, before intra-genotypic resolution of viral relationships by analy ... | 2011 | 21373994 |
| proteomic analysis of swine serum following highly virulent classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) belongs to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) cause severe disease in pigs characterized by immunosuppression, thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. | 2011 | 21385403 |