| differential expression of type i interferon mrna and protein levels induced by virulent marek's disease virus infection in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv), an α-herpesvirus targeting avian species, causes fatal marek's disease (md) in chickens. the host interferon (ifn) responses play a key role in resisting viral infection. however, host ifn responses following mdv infection in the chicken central immune organs (thymus and bursa of fabricius), which contain numerous mdv target cells, is poorly understood. in this study, we performed animal experiments in specific pathogen-free chickens infected with two virulent mdv st ... | 2019 | 31213247 |
| marek's disease virus-encoded microrna 155 ortholog critical for the induction of lymphomas is not essential for the proliferation of transformed cell lines. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas with profound regulatory roles in many areas of biology, including cancer. microrna 155 (mir-155), one of the extensively studied multifunctional mirnas, is important in several human malignancies such as diffuse large b cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. moreover, mir-155 orthologs kshv-mir-k12-11 and mdv-mir-m4, encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and marek's disease virus (mdv), respectively, are also involved in o ... | 2019 | 31189706 |
| identification of marek's disease virus genes associated with virulence of us strains. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the most well-cited example of vaccine-driven virulence evolution. mdv induces a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, which is currently controlled by widespread vaccination of flocks. unfortunately, marek's disease (md) vaccines, while effective in preventing tumours, do not prevent viral replication and mutation, which has been hypothesized as the major driving force for increased mdv virulence of field strains during the past 40 years in us commercial flocks ... | 2019 | 31184569 |
| marek's disease herpesvirus serotype 1 in broiler breeder and layer chickens in malaysia. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of marek's disease (md) in five poultry farms in malaysia using postmortem examination, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2019 | 31089320 |
| parent-of-origin has no detectable effect on survival days of marek's disease virus infected white leghorns. | marek's disease (md) is a neoplastic disease of chickens and remains as a chronic infectious disease that threatens the poultry industry. improving genetic resistance to md in poultry is an important long-term goal, which would significantly augment the current control measures against md and eventually reduce the annual economic loss. in this study, survival patterns of f2 birds from 2 reciprocal crosses were compared to examine possible difference in survival between the reciprocal crosses in ... | 2019 | 31076761 |
| marek's disease virus regulates the ubiquitylome of chicken cd4+ t cells to promote tumorigenesis. | ubiquitination and deubiquitination of cellular proteins are reciprocal reactions catalyzed by ubiquitination-related enzymes and deubiquitinase (dub) which regulate almost all cellular processes. marek's disease virus (mdv) encodes a viral dub that plays an important role in the mdv pathogenicity. chicken cd4+ t-cell lymphoma induced by mdv is a key contributor to multiple visceral tumors and immunosuppression of chickens with marek's disease (md). however, alterations in the ubiquitylome of md ... | 2019 | 31035338 |
| targeted editing of the pp38 gene in marek's disease virus-transformed cell lines using crispr/cas9 system. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a lymphotropic α-herpesvirus associated with t-cell lymphomas in chickens, is an excellent model for herpesvirus biology and virus-induced oncogenesis. marek's disease (md) is also one of the cancers against which a vaccine was first used. in the lymphomas and lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) derived from them, mdv establishes latent infection with limited gene expression. although lcls are valuable for interrogating viral and host gene functions, molecular determina ... | 2019 | 31027375 |
| replication of marek's disease virus is dependent on synthesis of de novo fatty acid and prostaglandin e2. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes deadly lymphoma and induces an imbalance of the lipid metabolism in infected chickens. here, we discovered that mdv activates the fatty acid synthesis (fas) pathway in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs). in addition, mdv-infected cells contained high levels of fatty acids and showed increased numbers of lipid droplets (lds). chemical inhibitors of the fas pathway (tofa and c75) reduced mdv titers by approximately 30-fold. addition of the downstream metab ... | 2019 | 30971474 |
| integrated analysis of lncrna and mrna repertoires in marek's disease infected spleens identifies genes relevant to resistance. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that can cause t-cell lymphomas in chicken. long noncoding rna (lncrna) is strongly associated with various cancers and many other diseases. in chickens, lncrnas have not been comprehensively identified. here, we profiled mrna and lncrna repertoires in three groups of spleens from mdv-infected and non-infected chickens, including seven tumorous spleens (ts) from mdv-infected chickens, five spleens from the survivors (ss) without lesions aft ... | 2019 | 30922224 |
| the transcriptional landscape of marek's disease virus in primary chicken b cells reveals novel splice variants and genes. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and poses a serious threat to poultry health. in infected animals, mdv efficiently replicates in b cells in various lymphoid organs. despite many years of research, the viral transcriptome in primary target cells of mdv remained unknown. in this study, we uncovered the transcriptional landscape of the very virulent rb1b strain and the attenuated cvi988/rispens vaccine strain in primary chicken b cells using high-t ... | 2019 | 30884829 |
| molecular characterization of the meq gene of marek's disease viruses detected in unvaccinated backyard chickens reveals the circulation of low- and high-virulence strains. | marek's disease (md) is an important lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, caused by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2). outbreaks are commonly reported in commercial flocks, but also in backyard chickens. whereas the molecular characteristics of gahv-2 strains from the commercial poultry sector have been reported, no recent data are available for the rural sector. to fill this gap, 19 gahv-2 strains detected in 19 italian backyard chicken flocks during suspected md outbreaks were molecularly ... | 2019 | 30850833 |
| marek's disease virus disables the atr-chk1 pathway by activating stat3. | oncogenic virus replication often leads to genomic instability, causing dna damage and inducing the dna damage response (ddr) pathway. the ddr pathway is a cellular pathway that senses dna damage and regulates the cell cycle to maintain genomic stability. therefore, the ddr pathway is critical for the viral lifecycle and tumorigenesis. marek's disease virus (mdv), an alphaherpesvirus that causes lymphoma in chickens, has been shown to induce dna damage in infected cells. however, the interaction ... | 2019 | 30787154 |
| comparison of the transcriptomes and proteomes of serum exosomes from marek's disease virus-vaccinated and protected and lymphoma-bearing chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the causative agent of marek's disease (md), a complex pathology of chickens characterized by paralysis, immunosuppression, and t-cell lymphomagenesis. md is controlled in poultry production via vaccines administered in ovo or at hatch, and these confer protection against lymphoma formation, but not superinfection by mdv field strains. despite vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, mechanisms eliciting systemic protection remain unclear. here w ... | 2019 | 30764491 |
| impact of hvt vaccination on splenic mirna expression in marek's disease virus infections. | marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus. similar to other herpesviruses, marek's disease virus (mdv) encodes its own small non-coding regulatory rnas termed micrornas (mirnas). we previously found that the expression profile of these viral mirnas is affected by vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). to further characterize mirna-mediated gene regulation in mdv infections, in the current study we examine the impact of hvt vaccination on ... | 2019 | 30764490 |
| the role of marek's disease virus ul12 and ul29 in dna recombination and the virus lifecycle. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and integrates its genome into the telomeres of latently infected cells. mdv encodes two proteins, ul12 and ul29 (icp8), that are conserved among herpesviruses and could facilitate virus integration. the orthologues of ul12 and ul29 in herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) possess exonuclease and single strand dna-binding activity, respectively, and facilitate dna recombination; however, the role of both proteins in the ... | 2019 | 30696089 |
| macrophages from susceptible and resistant chicken lines have different transcriptomes following marek's disease virus infection. | despite successful control by vaccination, marek's disease (md) has continued evolving to greater virulence over recent years. to control md, selection and breeding of md-resistant chickens might be a suitable option. mhc-congenic inbred chicken lines, 6₁ and 7₂, are highly resistant and susceptible to md, respectively, but the cellular and genetic basis for these phenotypes is unknown. marek's disease virus (mdv) infects macrophages, b-cells, and activated t-cells in vivo. this study investigat ... | 2019 | 30678299 |
| imaging mass spectrometry and proteome analysis of marek's disease virus-induced tumors. | the highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv) causes immense economic losses in the poultry industry. mdv induces a variety of symptoms in infected chickens, including neurological disorders and immunosuppression. most notably, mdv induces transformation of lymphocytes, leading to t cell lymphomas in visceral organs with a mortality of up to 100%. while several factors involved in mdv tumorigenesis have been identified, the transformation process and tumor composition remain ... | 2019 | 30651403 |
| clonal anergy of cd117+chb6+ b cell progenitors induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup j is associated with immunological tolerance. | the pathogenesis of immunological tolerance caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), an oncogenic retrovirus, is largely unknown. | 2019 | 30602379 |
| vaccination and host marek's disease-resistance genotype significantly reduce oncogenic gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 telomere integration in host birds. | marek's disease (md) is an infectious disease characterized by lymphomas and high mortality in susceptible chickens. the causative and ubiquitous alpha-herpesvirus known as md virus (mdv) integrates into host telomeres during early infection through latency, known to be an important phase for oncogenic transformation. herein, we sought to determine the influence of vaccination and host genetics on the temporal dynamics of mdv-host genome interactions. we studied integration profiles using 2 md v ... | 2018 | 30572327 |
| chicken endothelial cells are highly responsive to viral innate immune stimuli and are susceptible to infections with various avian pathogens. | it is well established that the endothelium plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases in mammals. however, little is known about the role of endothelial cells (ec) as targets for avian pathogens and their contribution to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in galliform birds. first, we explored the innate immune response of primary chicken aortic endothelial cells (pchaec), obtained from 18-day-old embryos, to stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular pat ... | 2019 | 30556415 |
| inhibition of dna-sensing pathway by marek's disease virus vp23 protein through suppression of interferon regulatory factor 7 activation. | the type i interferon (ifn) response is the first line of host innate immune defense against viral infection; however, viruses have developed multiple strategies to antagonize host ifn responses for efficient infection and replication. here, we report that marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus, encodes vp23 protein as a novel immune modulator to block the beta interferon (ifn-β) activation induced by cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas) and stimulator of interferon genes (sting) in chi ... | 2019 | 30518647 |
| suspension culture of marek's disease virus and evaluation of its immunological effects. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a cell-associated α-herpesvirus of chickens. it is difficult to grow mdv in suspension culture. therefore, mdv vaccines are currently produced using adherent primary chicken embryo fibroblasts, and on a large scale this is labour-intensive and costly. in this study, the cvi988 strain of mdv was inoculated into chicken fibroblast cell line umnsah/df-1 (df-1) cultured by microcarrier suspension for the proliferation experiment. moreover, the effects of culture condit ... | 2019 | 30518239 |
| establishment of xmap for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus. | using luminex xmap (x = analyte, map = multi-analyte profiling) technology, a serological method for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) was established. nano-magnetic beads coated with purified ndv protein and aiv nucleoprotein were incubated with serum samples. using biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken igy and streptavidin-r-phycoerythrin, the optical signals measured by a luminex 200 detection system indicated the quantificati ... | 2019 | 30476286 |
| transcripts of antibacterial peptides in chicken erythrocytes infected with marek's disease virus. | chicken erythrocytes are involved in immunity through binding of toll-like receptors (tlrs) with their ligands to activate downstream signaling and lead to cytokine production in erythrocytes. some avian β-defensins (avbds) are constitutively expressed in tissues and some others can be induced by various bacteria and viruses. however, the expression of avbds in erythrocytes has not yet been studied extensively. | 2018 | 30463541 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| marek's disease virus activates the pi3k/akt pathway through interaction of its protein meq with the p85 subunit of pi3k to promote viral replication. | it is known that viruses can active the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt signaling pathway in host cells to support cell survival and viral replication; however, the role of pi3k/akt signaling in the pathogenic mechanisms induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) which causes a neoplastic marek's disease in poultry, remains unknown. in this study, we showed that mdv activated the pi3k/akt pathway in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) at the early phase of infection, whereas treatment with a ... | 2018 | 30405592 |
| a double recombinant herpes virus of turkeys for the protection of chickens against newcastle, infectious laryngotracheitis and marek's diseases. | a double recombinant strain of herpes virus of turkeys (hvt) was constructed that contains the fusion (f) gene from newcastle disease virus (ndv) and the gd plus gi genes from infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) inserted into a non-essential region of the hvt genome. expression of the f protein was controlled by a human cytomegalovirus promoter, whereas expression of gd plus gi was driven by an iltv promoter. the double recombinant vaccine virus (hvt-ndv-ilt) was fully stable genetically a ... | 2019 | 30404540 |
| the effects of in ovo administration of encapsulated toll-like receptor 21 ligand as an adjuvant with marek's disease vaccine. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the causative agent of a lymphoproliferative disease, marek's disease (md) in chickens. md is only controlled by mass vaccination; however, immunity induced by md vaccines is unable to prevent mdv replication and transmission. the herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) vaccine is one of the most widely used md vaccines in poultry industry. vaccines can be adjuvanted with toll-like receptor ligands (tlr-ls) to enhance their efficacy. in this study, we examined whether combinin ... | 2018 | 30401976 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression in chickens. | a healthy immune system is a cornerstone for poultry production. any factor diminishing the immune responses will affect production parameters and increase cost. there are numerous factors, infectious and noninfectious, causing immunosuppression (is) in chickens. this paper reviews the three viral diseases that most commonly induce is or subclinical is in chickens: marek's disease virus (mdv), chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), as well as the inte ... | 2018 | 30339511 |
| unraveling the role of b cells in the pathogenesis of an oncogenic avian herpesvirus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes immunosuppression, paralysis, and deadly lymphomas in chickens. in infected animals, b cells are efficiently infected and are thought to amplify the virus and transfer it to t cells. mdv subsequently establishes latency in t cells and transforms cd4+ t cells, resulting in fatal lymphomas. despite many years of research, the exact role of the different b and t cell subsets in mdv pathogenesis remains poorly understood, ... | 2018 | 30337483 |
| comparison of exosomes purified via ultracentrifugation (uc) and total exosome isolation (tei) reagent from the serum of marek's disease virus (mdv)-vaccinated and tumor-bearing chickens. | extracellular vesicles (evs) is a collective term used to refer microparticles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies produced by a variety of cells and released into interstitial spaces and bodily fluids. serum exosomes can serve as invaluable biomarkers, containing m/mirnas, lipids, and proteins, indicative of various conditions. there are currently limited studies on the characterization and mutual consensus of biomarker profiles of serum exosomes purified by different methods. here we compared the ... | 2019 | 30316797 |
| the emergence of the infection of subgroup j avian leucosis virus escalated the tumour incidence in commercial yellow chickens in southern china in recent years. | a total of 81 clinical cases of suspected tumours were submitted to our laboratory from yellow chicken farms in southern china during the years 2010 through 2017. the tumour-like tissue samples were closely examined for common oncogenic avian viruses in cell culture and further analysed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). during 2010-2012, marek's disease virus (mdv) mono-infection was found to be the dominant cause of the tumour incidences (52.4%, 11/21) followed by co-infection of mdv+alvs ... | 2019 | 30248239 |
| development of a sensitive and specific xmap assay for detection of antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis and bronchitis viruses. | a serological method to simultaneously detect antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is imperative for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of antibodies titers after vaccination. | 2018 | 30241540 |
| novel protein chip for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by the ib virus (ibv) can cause acute damage to chickens around the world. therefore, rapid diagnosis and immune status determination are critical for controlling ibv outbreaks. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been widely used in the detection of ibv antibodies in the early infection and continuous infection of ib because they are more sensitive and quicker than other diagnostic methods. | 2018 | 30223836 |
| codon pair bias deoptimization of the major oncogene meq of a very virulent marek's disease virus. | codon pair bias deoptimization (cpbd) has been successfully used to attenuate several rna viruses. cpbd involves recoding a viral protein-coding sequence to maximize the number of codon pairs that are statistically underrepresented in the host, which presumably slows protein translation and, hence, causes virus attenuation. however, since recoding preserves the amino acid composition and codon bias, attenuated and parental viruses are antigenically identical. to determine if marek's disease viru ... | 2018 | 30113295 |
| characterizaton of gamma delta t cells in marek's disease virus (gallid herpesvirus 2) infection of chickens. | immunity against marek's disease (md), caused by gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), in chickens is mediated by both innate and adaptive responses. the present study evaluated the effects of gahv-2 infection on distribution and frequency of γδ t cells in tissues, as well as their expression of cytokines. we found that the infected chickens had significantly higher number of γδ t cells in their spleens by 10 and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and nearly 100% of these γδ t cells were cd8+ at 21 d.p.i. ... | 2018 | 30014858 |
| marek's disease virus oncoprotein meq physically interacts with the chicken infectious anemia virus-encoded apoptotic protein apoptin. | marek's disease (md) is a neoplastic disease of poultry caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus. meq, the major mdv oncoprotein, induces neoplastic transformation of t-cells through several mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis. in contrast, the chicken anemia virus (cav)-encoded protein apoptin (vp3) is a powerful inducer of apoptosis of tumor cells, a property that is exploited for anticancer therapeutics. although the molecular mechanisms of selecti ... | 2018 | 29988968 |
| induction of the unfolded protein response (upr) during marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. | marek's disease (md) is a pathology of chickens associated with paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of t-cell lymphomas. md is caused by the herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). we examined endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and the activation of unfolded protein response (upr) pathways during mdv infection of cells in culture and lymphocytes in vivo. mdv strains activate the upr as measured by increased mrna expression of grp78/bip with concomitant xbp1 splicing and induc ... | 2018 | 29979959 |
| two class i genes of the chicken mhc have different functions: bf1 is recognized by nk cells while bf2 is recognized by ctls. | the function of the chicken's major histocompatibility complex (mhc or b complex) class i major (bf2) and minor (bf1) glycoproteins is compared for their expression, ability to present viral antigens to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls), and interaction with natural killer (nk) cells. mhc-restricted ctls recognized virus antigen in the context of the bf2*21 major glycoprotein but not the bf1*21 minor glycoprotein. marek's disease virus (mdv), a large dna virus known to reduce the cell surface expre ... | 2018 | 29947944 |
| the molecular basis for host responses to marek's disease viruses integrated with different retro-viral long terminal repeat. | integration of retro-viral long terminal repeat (ltr) into the marek's disease virus (mdv) genome can occur both in co-cultivation cell cultures and naturally in dual infected chickens. it is clear that the ltr insert is associated with the pathogenicity of mdv. the objective of this study was to compare the host responses to mdv with a different retro-viral ltr insert. gene-chip containing chicken genome was employed to investigate the gene transcription profile of chicken embryo fibroblasts ce ... | 2018 | 29917138 |
| in ovo administration of toll-like receptor ligands encapsulated in plga nanoparticles impede tumor development in chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | one of the economically important diseases in the poultry industry is marek's disease (md) which is caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). the use of current vaccines provides protection against clinical signs of md in chickens. however, these vaccines do not prevent the transmission of mdv to susceptible hosts, hence they may promote the development of new virulent strains of mdv. this issue persuaded us to explore alternative approaches to control md in chickens. induction of innate responses ... | 2018 | 29859800 |
| gga-mir-130b-3p inhibits msb1 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and its downregulation in md tumor is attributed to hypermethylation. | marek's disease is an oncogenic and lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus. hypermethylation or hypomethylation of cpg islands in gene promoter region are involved in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. in this study, we analyzed differential methylation levels of upstream region of gga-mir-130b-3p gene between marek's disease virus-infected tumorous and non-infected spleens. around the upstream 1 kb of gga-mir-130b-3p gene, two amplicons were desig ... | 2018 | 29849932 |
| application of crispr/cas9 gene editing system on mdv-1 genome for the study of gene function. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a member of alphaherpesviruses associated with marek's disease, a highly contagious neoplastic disease in chickens. complete sequencing of the viral genome and recombineering techniques using infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones of marek's disease virus genome have identified major genes that are associated with pathogenicity. recent advances in crispr/cas9-based gene editing have given opportunities for precise editing of the viral genome for id ... | 2018 | 29794970 |
| isolation and characterization of subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in commercial hy-line chickens. | there was an outbreak of hemangioma associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) between 2006 and 2010 in china in commercial layer chickens. recently, severe hemangiomas broke out in hy-line layer chickens on a poultry farm in 2017 where alv was eradicated earlier. six isolates of alv-j, named sdau1701-sdau1706, were characterized by virus isolation and sequence analysis of the complete proviral genomes. avian leukosis virus subgroup j was identified by an immunofluorescence assay wi ... | 2018 | 29788333 |
| synergistic viral replication of marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup j is responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity in the superinfection of chickens. | superinfection of marek's disease virus (mdv) and avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes lethal neoplasia and death in chickens. however, whether there is synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and pathogenicity has remained elusive. in this study, we found that the superinfection of mdv and alv-j increased the viral replication of the two viruses in rna and protein level, and synergistically promoted the expression of il-10, il-6, and tgf-β in chicken embryo fibroblasts ... | 2018 | 29783672 |
| differential attenuation of marek's disease virus-induced tumours and late-marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphoma and a variety of non-neoplastic syndromes in chickens. furthermore, very virulent plus (vv+) mdvs induce a form of immunosuppression (late-mdv-is) that might involve both neoplastic and non-neoplastic mechanisms. the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the attenuation of mdv-induced tumours and late-mdv-is occurs simultaneously or can be dissociated. the immunosuppressive ability of three viruses derived from vv+ mdv ... | 2018 | 29767614 |
| capacity of the meq-deleted strain marek's virus sc9-1 to acquire the meq gene by natural recombination. | we wished to explore the ability of the meq-deleted marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccine strain sc9-1 to acquire the meq gene from the mdv wild strain md5 by recombination. chicken embryo fibroblast cells (cefs) were co-infected with the sc9-1 vaccine virus and md5 virus, passaged to third generation, and viral dna was extracted from a single plaque in the cell culture. specific pathogen-free chickens pre-immunized with the sc9-1 vaccine virus were infected with the md5 virus. viruses were isolat ... | 2017 | 30702827 |
| marek's disease herpesvirus: a model of vaccine-dependent adaptation. | marek's disease (md) virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes a rapid-onset t-cell lymphoma in chickens. in order to preserve the viability of poultry industry, non sterilizing vaccines have been used since fifty years, preventing lymphoma development but leading to an imperfect control of md. vaccination has been accompanied with the increase in virulence of mdv forcing the development of new vaccine formulations. several loci of mdv genome are variable and have evolved in link with virul ... | 2016 | 32260024 |
| marek's disease virus and skin interactions. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious herpesvirus which induces immunosuppression and t-cell lymphoma in chicken. this virus still circulates in flocks despite forty years of vaccination, with important economical losses at the world level. the feather follicles, which allow feathers morphogenesis and their anchor into the skin, are the unique known source of mdv excretion. this tissue causes environment contamination and mdv bird-to-bird transmission. epithelial cells from the feat ... | 2014 | 33065877 |
| virus-encoded mir-155 ortholog in marek's disease virus promotes cell proliferation via suppressing apoptosis by targeting tumor suppressor wwox. | marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv-1) is an important oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces immunosuppressive and rapid-onset t-cell lymphomatous disease in poultry commonly referred to as marek's disease (md). as an excellent biomodel for the study of virally-induced cancers in natural hosts, mdv-1 encoded micrornas (mirnas) have been previously demonstrated with the potential roles to act as critical regulators in virus replication, latency, pathogenesis and especially in oncogenesis. simila ... | 2020 | 33191002 |
| marek's disease virus meq oncoprotein interacts with chicken hdac 1 and 2 and mediates their degradation via proteasome dependent pathway. | marek's disease virus (mdv) encodes a basic-leucine zipper (bzip) protein, meq, which is considered the major mdv oncoprotein. it has been reported that the oncogenicity of meq is associated with its interaction with c-terminal binding protein 1 (ctbp), which is also an interaction partner of epstein-barr virus encoded ebna3a and ebna3c oncoproteins. since both ebna3c and ctbp interact with histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) and hdac2, we examined whether meq shares this interaction with chicken hdac ... | 2021 | 33437016 |
| detection and molecular characterization of a highly oncogenic marek's disease virus from vaccinated hens in turkey. | marek's disease (md) is a highly contagious neoplastic disease of chickens associated with economic losses, often due to visceral lymphomas. the etiological agent is md virus serotype 1 (mdv-1), also called gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2). despite intensive vaccination, mdv is constantly evolving and maintaining its presence in the world. the aim of this study was to genetically analyze a highly oncogenic mdv/tur/2019 strain obtained from a poultry farm in turkey's elazig province in 2019. ge ... | 2021 | 34130472 |
| effects of administration of probiotic lactobacilli on immunity conferred by the herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine against challenge with a very virulent marek's disease virus in chickens. | several vaccines have been used to control marek's disease (md) in chickens. however, the emergence of new strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) imposes a threat to vaccine efficacy. therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate whether concurrent administration of probiotics with the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine enhances its protective efficacy against mdv infection. in this regard, a cocktail comprised of four lactobacillus species was administered with hvt to chicken em ... | 2021 | 33781599 |
| efficacy of recombinant marek's disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (cobra) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse h5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. | the genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (hpai) viruses of goose/guangdong (gs/gd) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective h5 influenza a vaccine. here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vhvt)-h5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4a-derived h5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (cobra) inserts with challenge by homologous an ... | 2021 | 33715903 |
| in vivo inhibition of marek's disease virus in transgenic chickens expressing cas9 and grna against icp4. | marek's disease (md), caused by md herpesvirus (mdv), is an economically important disease in chickens. the efficacy of the existing vaccines against evolving virulent stains may become limited and necessitates the development of novel antiviral strategies to protect poultry from mdv strains with increased virulence. the crispr/cas9 system has emerged as a powerful genome editing tool providing an opportunity to develop antiviral strategies for the control of mdv infection. here, we characterize ... | 2021 | 33450980 |
| an outbreak in three-yellow chickens with clinical tumors of high mortality caused by the coinfection of reticuloendotheliosis virus and marek's disease virus: a speculated reticuloendotheliosis virus contamination plays an important role in the case. | both reticuloendotheliosis and marek's disease are neoplastic diseases of chickens caused by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and marek's disease virus (mdv), respectively. the infection of rev or mdv may lead to clinical tumors and also result in immunosuppression and easily allow secondary infection by other pathogens. here, we investigated a breeder flock of three-yellow chickens in southern china that had been vaccinated with cvi988/rispens at hatching and had experienced depression, weakne ... | 2020 | 33357681 |
| two cases of marek's disease in backyard turkeys. | in two independent submissions, a 3-yr-old, dead bourbon red turkey tom from a zoo and a royal palm turkey hen from a backyard flock were submitted for necropsy. both birds had been kept together with chickens. findings of the necropsy of the first turkey were an enlarged and dark liver with many pale white foci and a few small white nodules, pale and enlarged spleen, prominent thymus, mottled and pale kidneys, and pale and enlarged testes. findings of the necropsy of the second turkey were a da ... | 2020 | 33205183 |
| the requirement of glycoprotein c (gc) for interindividual spread is a conserved function of gc for avian herpesviruses. | we have formerly shown that glycoprotein c (gc) of gallid alphaherpesvirus 2, better known as marek's disease (md) alphaherpesvirus (mdv), is required for interindividual spread in chickens. since gc is conserved within the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, we hypothesized gc was important for interindividual spread of other alphaherpesviruses. to test this hypothesis, we first generated a fluorescent protein tagged clone of gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 md vaccine strain 301b/1 to track virus replicati ... | 2021 | 33833367 |
| characterization of a novel viral interleukin 8 (vil-8) splice variant encoded by marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly cell-associated oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes lymphomas in various organs in chickens. like other herpesviruses, mdv has a large and complex double-stranded dna genome. a number of viral transcripts are generated by alternative splicing, a process that drastically extends the coding capacity of the mdv genome. one of the spliced genes encoded by mdv is the viral interleukin 8 (vil-8), a cxc chemokine that facilitates the recruitment of mdv target ... | 2021 | 34361910 |
| epigenetic silencing of microrna-126 promotes cell growth in marek's disease. | during latency, herpesvirus infection results in the establishment of a dormant state in which a restricted set of viral genes are expressed. together with alterations of the viral genome, several host genes undergo epigenetic silencing during latency. these epigenetic dysregulations of cellular genes might be involved in the development of cancer. in this context, gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), causing marek's disease (md) in susceptible chicken, was shown to impair the expression of sever ... | 2021 | 34205549 |
| reemergence of reticuloendotheliosis virus and marek's disease virus co-infection in yellow-chickens in southern china. | the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and the marek's disease virus (mdv) cause reticuloendotheliosis (re) and marek's disease (md) in poultry, respectively. according to epidemiological results obtained in our laboratory from 2010 to 2017, the positive rates of rev and mdv co-infection remained at low levels. in the present study, during the period of october 2018 to july 2020, 4 clinical cases with high morbidity (5%-20%) and mortality (2%-10%), caused by the co-infection of rev and vv+ mdv-li ... | 2021 | 34174570 |
| virus-encoded microrna-m7 restricts early cytolytic replication and pathogenesis of marek's disease virus. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of ∼22 nucleotides non-coding rnas that are encoded by a wide range of hosts. viruses, especially herpesviruses, encode a variety of mirnas that involved in disease progression. recently, a cluster of virus-encoded mirnas, mir-m8-m10, have been shown to restrict early cytolytic replication and pathogenesis of marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic avian alphaherpesvirus that causes lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. in this study, we specifically dissected ... | 2021 | 34144834 |
| cytokine expression in the eye and brain of chickens following infection with a very virulent plus marek's disease virus strain. | cytokine transcripts were evaluated chronologically in the brain and in the eye of chickens infected with the very virulent plus marek's disease virus (vv + mdv) strain 648a. brain and eye samples were collected from chickens that were either suffering from transient paralysis (tp) (11 days post inoculation, dpi) or had completely recovered from tp but started developing clinical signs of persistent neurological disease (pnd) (18-31 dpi). results obtained from samples collected at 11 dpi are ref ... | 2021 | 34090158 |
| comprehensive profiling analysis of the n6-methyladenosine-modified circular rna transcriptome in cultured cells infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) induces severe immunosuppression and lymphomagenesis in the chicken, its natural host, and results in a condition that investigated the pathogenesis of mdv and have begun to focus on the expression profiling of circular rnas (circrnas). however, little is known about how the expression of circrnas is referred to as marek's disease. previous reports have is regulated during mdv replication. here, we carried out a comprehensive profiling analysis of n6-methyladenosine ( ... | 2021 | 34040106 |
| gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 in the egyptian turkeys: molecular characterization and establishment of a universal system for phylogenetic classification. | gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2) is a highly contagious oncogenic virus that causes marek's disease in chickens and occasionally in turkeys. among 100 genes identified in gahv-2 genome, the meq gene appears to involve viral virulence, oncogenicity, and genetic diversity. despite the use of meq gene sequences in phylogenetic classification of gahv-2 strains circulating in many countries worldwide, no integrated system exists yet. | 2021 | 34023833 |
| the marek's disease virus unique gene mdv082 is dispensable for virus replication but contributes to a rapid disease onset. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes lymphomas in various organs. most mdv genes are conserved among herpesviruses, while others are unique to mdv and may contribute to pathogenesis and/or tumor formation. high transcript levels of the mdv-specific genes mdv082, rlorf11, and sorf6 were recently detected in lytically infected cells; however, it remained elusive if the respective proteins are expressed and if they play a role in mdv pathogenesi ... | 2021 | 34011541 |
| a rapid and accurate method for herpesviral gnome editing. | to rapidly and accurately manipulate genome such as gene deletion, insertion and site mutation, the whole genome of a very virulent strain md5 of marek's disease virus (mdv) was inserted into bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) through homogeneous recombination. the recombinant dna was electroporated into dh10b competent cells and identified by pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. an infectious clone of md5bac was obtained following transfection into chicken embryo fibrob ... | 2021 | 33973450 |
| the dominantly expressed class ii molecule from a resistant mhc haplotype presents only a few marek's disease virus peptides by using an unprecedented binding motif. | viral diseases pose major threats to humans and other animals, including the billions of chickens that are an important food source as well as a public health concern due to zoonotic pathogens. unlike humans and other typical mammals, the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) of chickens can confer decisive resistance or susceptibility to many viral diseases. an iconic example is marek's disease, caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus with over 100 genes. classical mhc class i and class ii molecule ... | 2021 | 33901176 |
| transcriptome-wide n6-methyladenosine modification profiling of long non-coding rnas during replication of marek's disease virus in vitro. | the newly discovered reversible n6-methyladenosine (m6a) modification plays an important regulatory role in gene expression. long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) participate in marek's disease virus (mdv) replication but how m6a modifications in lncrnas are affected during mdv infection is currently unknown. herein, we profiled the transcriptome-wide m6a modification in lncrnas in mdv-infected chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells. | 2021 | 33888086 |
| use of nucleic acids amplification methods in marek's disease diagnosis and pathogenesis studies. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens with strong economic impact on poultry industry. although successful vaccination has enabled control of the disease, outbreaks occur in commercial flocks, resulting in substantial economic losses. together with vaccination, accurate and fast diagnosis of md remain the most important tools for its efficient control. md diagnosis currently relies mainly on the identification of its causative agent, marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv- ... | 2021 | 33827220 |
| manipulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies by marek's disease virus encoded us3 protein kinase. | promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (pml-nbs) are dynamic nuclear structures, shown to be important for herpesvirus replication; however, their role in regulating marek's disease virus (mdv) infection has not been studied. mdv is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. mdv encodes a us3 serine/threonine protein kinase that is important for mdv replication and gene expression. in this study, we studied the role of mdv us3 in regulating pml-nbs. ... | 2021 | 33810320 |
| a novel effective and safe vaccine for prevention of marek's disease caused by infection with a very virulent plus (vv+) marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes rapid onset lymphoma in chickens. marek's disease (md) is effectively controlled using vaccination; however, mdv continues to break through vaccinal immunity, due to the emergence of highly virulent field strains. earlier studies revealed that deletion of the meq gene from mdv resulted in an attenuated virus that protects against md in chickens challenged with highly virulent field strains. however, the meq deleted v ... | 2021 | 33669421 |
| an anti-tumor vaccine against marek's disease virus induces differential activation and memory response of γδ t cells and cd8 t cells in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly t-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. the most efficacious vaccine, cvi988/rispens (cvi988), against md has been used for several decades. however, the mechanisms leading to protective immunity following vaccination are not fully understood. in this study, employing multi-parameter flow cytometry, we performed a comprehensive analysis of t cell responses in cvi988-vacci ... | 2021 | 33659011 |
| dead/deah-box helicase 5 is hijacked by an avian oncogenic herpesvirus to inhibit interferon beta production and promote viral replication. | dead-box helicase 5 (ddx5) plays a significant role in tumorigenesis and regulates viral replication of several viruses. an avian oncogenic herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv), is widely known to cause immunosuppression and lymphoma in chickens. however, the underlying mechanisms of how ddx5 plays a role in viral replication remain unclear. in this study, we show that mdv inhibits the production of interferon beta (ifn-β) in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) by increasing the expression lev ... | 2021 | 33609615 |
| marek's disease virus us3 protein kinase phosphorylates chicken hdac 1 and 2 and regulates viral replication and pathogenesis. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a potent oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that elicits a rapid onset of malignant t-cell lymphomas in chickens. three mdv types, including gahv-2 (mdv-1), gahv-3 (mdv-2) and mehv-1 (hvt), have been identified and all encode a us3 protein kinase. mdv-1 us3 is important for efficient virus growth in vitro. to study the role of us3 in mdv replication and pathogenicity, we generated an mdv-1 us3-null virus and chimeric viruses by replacing mdv-1 us3 with mdv-2 or hvt us3. us ... | 2021 | 33596269 |
| ul28 and ul33 homologs of marek's disease virus terminase complex involved in the regulation of cleavage and packaging of viral dna are indispensable for replication in cultured cells. | processing and packaging of herpesvirus genomic dna is regulated by a packaging-associated terminase complex comprising of viral proteins pul15, pul28 and pul33. marek's disease virus (mdv) homologs ul28 and ul33 showed conserved functional features with high sequence identity with the corresponding herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) homologs. as part of the investigations into the role of the ul28 and ul33 homologs of oncogenic mdv for dna packaging and replication in cultured cells, we generated m ... | 2021 | 33579382 |
| role of microrna and long non-coding rna in marek's disease tumorigenesis in chicken. | marek's disease virus (mdv), the causative agent of marek's disease (md), results in highly infectious phymatosis, lymphatic tissue hyperplasia, and neoplasia. md is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. non-coding rnas (ncrnas) entails long non-coding rna (lncrna) and microrna (mirna). numerous studies have reported that specific mirnas and lncrnas participate in multiple cellular processes, such as proliferation, migration, and tumor cell invasion. specialized mirnas and lncrnas m ... | 2021 | 33485054 |
| marek's disease virus in vaccinated poultry flocks in turkey: its first isolation with molecular characterization. | marek's disease (md) is an important disease of avian species and a potential threat to the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, 16 dead commercial chickens from flocks with suspected md were necropsied immediately after death. pathological findings were compatible with md, and gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 was identified in pcr of spleen samples. virus isolation was performed in primary cell culture, and partial sequencing of the meq gene of the isolate revealed >99% nucleotide sequence ident ... | 2021 | 33409548 |
| occurrence of marek's disease in poland on the basis of diagnostic examination in 2015-2018. | marek's disease (md) is a tumourous disease caused by marek's disease virus (mdv) and most commonly described in poultry. the aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of marek's disease virus infections in poland and analyse clinical cases in the years 2015-2018. | 2020 | 33367138 |
| analysis of the evolution and transmission dynamics of the field mdv in china during the years 1995-2020, indicating the emergence of a unique cluster with the molecular characteristics of vv+ mdv that has become endemic in southern china. | marek's disease (md) continues to threaten the sustainability of the world poultry industry. in this study, the sequences of the meq gene of 220 mdv strains isolated during the years 1964-2020 were analysed, including 50 from our group plus 170 isolates from the genbank. analyses, using phylogenetic trees, amino acid (aa)-mutation screening, evolutionary studies and transmission dynamics were all performed. all strains were divided into two clusters (clusters 1 and 2), and cluster 1 includes the ... | 2020 | 33354907 |
| a comparison of exosome purification methods using serum of marek's disease virus (mdv)-vaccinated and -tumor-bearing chickens. | marek's disease (md) is an alphaherpesvirus (marek's disease virus, mdv)-induced pathology of chickens associated with paralysis, immunosuppression, neurological signs, and t-cell lymphomas. md is controlled in poultry production via live attenuated vaccines. the purpose of the current study was to compare methods for precipitating exosomes from vaccinated and protected chicken sera (vex) and tumor-bearing chicken sera (tex) for biomarker analysis of vaccine-induced protection and md lymphomas r ... | 2020 | 33336096 |
| gut microbiota is associated with protection against marek's disease virus infection in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) infects chickens via respiratory route and causes lymphomas in internal organs including gastrointestinal tract. mdv infection causes a shift in the gut microbiota composition. however, interactions between the gut microbiota and immune responses against mdv infection are not well understood. therefore, the current study was performed to understand the effect of the gut microbiota on marek's disease (md) pathogenesis. the findings showed that depletion of gut microbio ... | 2020 | 33271490 |
| the role of meq-vil8 in regulating marek's disease virus pathogenesis. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly cell-associated oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes t cell lymphoma in chickens. mdv-encoded meq and vil8 proteins play important roles in transformation and early cytolytic infection, respectively. previous studies identified a spliced transcript, meq-vil8, formed by alternative splicing of meq and vil8 genes in mdv lymphoblastoid tumour cells. to determine the role of meq-vil8 in mdv pathogenesis, we generated a recombinant mdv (mdv-meqδsd) by mutatin ... | 2021 | 33236979 |
| genetic characterization of a marek's disease virus strain isolated in japan. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes malignant lymphomas in chickens (marek's disease, md). md is currently controlled by vaccination; however, mdv strains have a tendency to develop increased virulence. distinct diversity and point mutations are present in the meq proteins, the oncoproteins of mdv, suggesting that changes in protein function induced by amino acid substitutions might affect mdv virulence. we previously reported that recent mdv isolates in japan display distinct mutations in meq pr ... | 2020 | 33228722 |
| marek's disease virus cluster 3 mirnas restrict virus' early cytolytic replication and pathogenesis. | herpesvirus-encoded micrornas (mirnas) have been discovered in infected cells; however, lack of a suitable animal model has hampered functional analyses of viral mirnas in vivo. marek's disease virus (mdv) (gallid alphaherpesvirus 2, gahv-2) genome contains 14 mirna precursors, which encode 26 mature mirnas, grouped into three clusters. in this study, the role of mdv-encoded cluster 3 mirnas, also known as mdv1-mir-m8-m10, in pathogenesis was evaluated in chickens, the natural host of mdv. our r ... | 2020 | 33212952 |
| deletion of lorf9 but not lorf10 attenuates marek's disease virus pathogenesis. | marek's disease virus (mdv) genome contains a number of uncharacterized long open reading frames (lorf) and their role in viral pathogenesis has not been fully investigated. among them, lorf9 (mdv069) and lorf10 (mdv071) are locate at the right terminus of the mdv genome unique long region (ul). to investigate their role in mdv pathogenesis, we generated lorf9 or lorf10 deletion and revertant viruses. in vitro growth kinetics results show that both lorf9 and lorf10 are not essential for virus gr ... | 2020 | 33212362 |
| codon deoptimization of ul54 in meq-deleted marek's disease vaccine candidate eliminates lymphoid atrophy but reduces vaccinal protection. | marek's disease (md) is an oncogenic, lymphoproliferative, and highly contagious disease of chickens. its etiologic agent is the alphaherpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv, gallid alphaherpesvirus 2), and it is a chronic and ubiquitous problem for the poultry industry with significant economic impact in the united states and worldwide. we have previously demonstrated that mdv attenuated by dicodon deoptimization of the ul54 gene results in reduced gene product accumulation in vitro, with reduce ... | 2020 | 33205163 |