| proteins associated with mrna in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | the structure of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mrnp) complexes in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected cells was analyzed by examining the proteins that could be crosslinked to polyadenylated mrnas by irradiation of intact cells with ultraviolet light. the profiles of crosslinked proteins were qualitatively similar for mrnps from mock infected and infected cells. however, infection with wild type hsv-1 caused a decrease in the abundance of a major 52 kda protein and an increase in a 49 kd ... | 1989 | 2553015 |
| isolation of glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus type 1 by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. | rabbit kidney (rk-13) and human jejunum and ileum (i-407) cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, strain f, were radiolabelled with [14c]glucosamine or [35s]methionine for 24 h. the cells were extracted with 1% triton x-100 and the extracts were separated by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation of the fractions collected from the column revealed a monomeric glycoprotein d (gd) of 52 - 56,000 molecular weight from rk-13 cells and ... | 1989 | 2553170 |
| role of peptidergic neurons in ocular herpes simplex infection in mice. | peptide-containing nerve fibers (peptidergic fibers) abundantly innervate the mammalian cornea. we investigated their role in ocular herpes simplex infection in mice by using capsaicin, which causes degeneration and permanent loss of peptidergic neurons in neonates and temporary peptide depletion in adult animals. the corneas of neonatally denervated balb/c mice were observed for capsaicin-induced keratitis at 11-14 wk of age and were then infected bilaterally with herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) ... | 1989 | 2553522 |
| proliferative t-cell response to glycoprotein b of the human herpes viruses: the influence of mhc and sequence of infection on the pattern of cross-reactivity. | oligopeptides of the highly conserved herpes virus glycoprotein b (gb) were expressed from dna fragments of the ebv gb (balf4) and hsv-2 gb open reading frames as fusion proteins with the lambda cii protein and beta-galactosidase (gz), respectively, in escherichia coli. after immunopurification using anti-gb or anti-gz affinity columns, the fusion proteins were used in vitro to stimulate human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) or murine lymph node cells that have been primed with ebv, hsv-1, hs ... | 1989 | 2553584 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and human dna polymerase interactions with 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate analogues. kinetics of incorporation into dna and induction of inhibition. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase, hela polymerase alpha, and hela polymerase beta to utilize several dgtp analogues has been investigated using a defined synthetic template primer. the relative efficiencies of the triphosphates of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir triphosphate, acvtp), 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine (ganciclovir triphosphate, dhpgtp), and 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (ddgtp) as substrates for the three polymerases were: hsv-1 p ... | 1989 | 2553730 |
| herpes simplex-1 dna polymerase. identification of an intrinsic 5'----3' exonuclease with ribonuclease h activity. | the herpes simplex virus-1 dna polymerase is a heterodimer of mr 190,000 which consists of the products of the ul30 (pol) and ul42 genes. the 136-kilodalton pol gene product contains an intrinsic ribonuclease h activity that specifically degrades rna.dna heteroduplexes or duplex dna substrates in the 5'----3' direction. it can therefore catalyze the excision of the rna primers that initiate the synthesis of okazaki fragments at a replication fork during herpes dna replication. | 1989 | 2553735 |
| the influence of different adjuvants on the immune response to a synthetic peptide comprising amino acid residues 9-21 of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | the immuno-modulating properties of different adjuvant systems on the murine humoral and cellular immune response to a synthetic peptide comprising amino acid residues 9-21 of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were investigated. for immunization, the peptide was conjugated to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin by glutaraldehyde and the adjuvants used in this study were freund's complete adjuvant (fca), aluminium hydroxide, the ribi adjuvant system (ras) and two non-ionic block ... | 1989 | 2553820 |
| hand-to-hand transmission of herpes simplex virus type 1. | droplets of tissue culture fluid containing herpes simplex virus type 1 were placed on the palm of the hand. each 0.01 ml droplet was taken from a stock virus suspension with a titre of 10(7.5) tcid50/0.1 ml. at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min a droplet was firmly touched with the middle finger of the right hand, after which, attempts were made to recover virus from the finger. at 0 min, when the virus-containing droplet was in a liquid state, there was a 100% rate of virus recovery. by 15 min the dro ... | 1989 | 2554099 |
| thymidine kinase deficient human cells have increased uv sensitivity in their capacity to support herpes simplex virus but normal uv sensitivity for colony formation. | a thymidine kinase deficient (tk-) and two thymidine kinase proficient (tk+) human cell lines were compared for uv sensitivity using colony-forming ability as well as their capacity to support the plaque formation of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1). the tk- line (143 cells) was a derivative of one of the tk+ lines (r970-5), whereas the other tk+ line (ac4 cells) was a derivative of the 143 cells obtained by transfection with purified sheared hsv-2 dna encoding the viral tk gene. 143, r970-5 and ac ... | 1989 | 2554138 |
| nucleotide sequence of the pseudorabies virus immediate early gene, encoding a strong transactivator protein. | we report the complete dna sequence of teh pseudorabies virus (prv) immediate early (ie) gene and its flanking nucleotide sequences, together comprising 5091 base pairs. an open reading frame starts with an atg codon in position 263 from the transcription-initiation site and ends with a tga codon in position 4601, thus encoding a predicted protein of 1446 amino acids (150 kd). the prv ie protein exhibits significant homology with the functionally related transactivator proteins, icp4 of herpes s ... | 1989 | 2554582 |
| the influence of the herpes simplex virus-1 dna template environment on the regulation of gene expression. | to determine the role of the hsv-1 genome structure and environment on the regulation of gene expression, we constructed recombinant viruses containing a heterologous gene inserted into either the immediate early icpo or late glycoprotein c (gc) genes of hsv-1. the heterologous gene consisted of the sv40 early promoter (without enhancer sequences) linked to the coding sequences for the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat). the expression of cat was examined in vero cells infected w ... | 1989 | 2554588 |
| effect of n alpha-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutaminyl-n epsilon-stearoyl- l-lysine on resistance to herpes simplex virus type-1 infection in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. | the restoration of resistance by n alpha-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutaminyl-n epsilon-stearoyl-l-lysine [mdp-lys(l18)] on herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-1 infection was examined in cyclophosphamide (cy)-treated mice. mdp-lys(l18) was shown to restore the resistance to hsv infection in cy-treated mice when it was injected either subcutaneously, intravenously, or intraperitoneally before infection. treatment with mdp-lys(l18) in cy-treated mice restored impaired activity for inhibiting hsv gr ... | 1989 | 2554602 |
| protection and serum antibody responses in guinea-pigs and mice immunized with hsv-1 antigen preparations obtained using different detergents. | guinea-pigs immunized with a zwitterionic detergent-extracted hsv-1 antigen preparation responded with eia and nt serum antibody titres that were significantly greater than those elicited by a non-ionic detergent-extracted antigen preparation inoculated using a similar dosage schedule. following intravaginal challenge of the guinea-pigs with hsv-2 (strain sh/b), there was no statistically significant difference in the protection afforded to these animals by the two antigen preparations, although ... | 1989 | 2554607 |
| the effect of ammonium chloride on the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vero cells. | the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in vero cells is inhibited by ammonium chloride. the formation of infectious virus was inhibited immediately after the addition of the agent into the culture fluid and was restored by removal of the agent. although neither viral dna replication nor nucleocapsid formation were affected by the addition of ammonium chloride at 4 h postinfection, the agent markedly inhibited the formation of enveloped particles and completely the formation of ... | 1989 | 2554609 |
| acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1: biochemical and functional studies on the thymidine kinase of the highly resistant r100 strain. | the biochemical and functional properties of the thymidine kinase (tk) of the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant r100, that is highly resistant to 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir), are reported in comparison with the properties of its parental strain, wt. the mutant induced the production of a tk activity that accounted for only 10% of the wt one. this feature was not apparently related to a defective expression of the tk gene but it was rather connected to some functional characteri ... | 1989 | 2554611 |
| [antiviral effect of mangiferin and isomangiferin on herpes simplex virus]. | using tissue culture techniques the present study assured us of the merits of mangiferin and isomangiferin in the antiviral action against hsv-1. utilizing 4 main patterns for evaluating drug effectiveness (ie intratube drug-on-virus direct action, simultaneous addition of drug-virus-inoculum to cell bottle, virus inoculation preceding drug addition, and drug addition followed by virus inoculation), it was readily found by logarithm determination of hsv-i inhibition that isomangiferin was superi ... | 1989 | 2554669 |
| [effects of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (f3tdr) on ultrastructural localization of viral antigens in cultured cells infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv)]. | changes in localization of virus-associated antigens induced by f3tdr were studied using hsv-1 infected monolayer of cultured sirc cells. a direct enzyme-antibody method was employed for preembedding for immunoelectron and light microscopy. at 3 hours post infection (h.p.i.), immunoreaction products began to appear in cytoplasm and nuclei in both the control and the f3tdr-treated group. the amounts increased during the subsequent hours of observation. in the control group, there was an intense d ... | 1989 | 2554700 |
| langerhans cell density and activity in mouse skin and lymph nodes affect herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) pathogenicity. | langerhans cells are epidermal antigen-presenting cells that function by taking up antigens in the skin, migrating to the lymph nodes, where they are designated interdigitating cells, and triggering the immune response. the role of interdigitating cells (idc) was investigated in a murine model of herpes simplex virus-1 infection in the skin. the number of idc in the lymph nodes began to increase on the first day following infection and reached a peak three days p.i. low titers of infectious viru ... | 1989 | 2554853 |
| molecular cloning of human uracil-dna glycosylase, a highly conserved dna repair enzyme. | uracil-dna glycosylase is the dna repair enzyme responsible for the removal of uracil from dna, and it is present in all organisms investigated. here we report on the cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding the human uracil-dna glycosylase. the sequences of uracil-dna glycosylases from yeast, escherichia coli, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and homologous genes from varicella-zoster and epstein-barr viruses are known. it is shown in this report that the predicted amino acid sequence of the ... | 1989 | 2555154 |
| enumeration of viral antigen-reactive helper t lymphocytes in human peripheral blood by limiting dilution for analysis of viral antigen-reactive t-cell pools in virus-seropositive and virus-seronegative individuals. | a limiting-dilution analysis technique was developed which enumerates human t cells with the capacity to secrete t-cell growth factors such as interleukin 2 after contact with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigens (operationally defined as virus-reactive helper t cells [htl]). by using this limiting-dilution analysis technique, the peripheral blood of hsv-seropositive individuals was analyzed for the frequency of hsv antigen-reactive htl and for the ability either ... | 1989 | 2555391 |
| identification of 21 genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using random sequencing of genomic dna. | dna from infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) was randomly sheared and cloned into the m13 bacteriophage. clones containing iltv dna were sequenced and the predicted amino acid sequences were compared to the known sequences of other herpesviruses using computer analysis. twenty-one iltv genes were identified, 20 by comparison to varicella-zoster virus and 19 by comparison to herpes simplex virus type 1; only 12 genes, giving consistently lower homology scores, were found by comparison with ... | 1989 | 2555439 |
| combined effects of acyclovir and human interferon-alpha on herpes simplex virus replication in cultured neural cells. | the combined effects of acyclovir [9-(2'-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; acv] and human interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) on replication of the herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) were determined in human neural cell lines, neuroblastoma (imr), glioblastoma (118mgc), and glioma (u251mg). hsv-1 grew well in all these cells, with final yields of more than 1 x 10(6) pfu/ml. in terms of virus-yield reduction, acv was found to be highly effective in imr, moderately effective in u251mg, but ineffective in 118 ... | 1989 | 2555447 |
| the essential 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein of herpes simplex virus stimulates the virus-encoded dna polymerase. | the 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein (65kdbp) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), the product of the ul42 gene, is required for dna replication both in vitro and in vivo, yet its actual function is unknown. by two independent methods, it was shown that the 65kdbp stimulates the activity of the hsv-1-encoded dna polymerase (pol). when pol, purified from hsv-1-infected cells, was separated from the 65kdbp, much of its activity was lost. however, addition of the 65kdbp, purified from infected ... | 1989 | 2555539 |
| novel 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive elements in the upstream sequence of the ms gene promoter of epstein-barr virus. | we have demonstrated that gene expression from the promoter of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) ms gene with its upstream sequence is inducible by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa). by transfecting mammalian cells with plasmids in which the ms promoter and its upstream sequence are linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, we have shown that treatment of the cells with tpa stimulates the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in both ebv-negative and ... | 1989 | 2555542 |
| influence of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on antigenicity, processing, and cell surface expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | glycoprotein d (gd) is an envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. gd-1 contains three sites for the addition of n-linked carbohydrate (n-cho), all of which are used. three mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, each of which altered one n-cho addition site from asn-x-thr/ser to asn-x-ala. a fourth mutant was altered at all three sites. the mutant genes were inserted into an expression vector, and the expressed protein was analyzed in transiently transfected cos- ... | 1989 | 2555549 |
| pnmt-containing neurons in the rostral medulla oblongata (c1, c3 groups) are transneuronally labelled after injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 into the adrenal gland. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was injected into the rat adrenal gland. after 3 days the rat cns was processed immunohistochemically to demonstrate viral antigen. in the lower thoracic spinal cord viral antigen was found in neurons in the intermediolateral column. in the medulla oblongata hsv1-positive neurons were found in the raphe pallidus and in the c1 and c3 regions of the rostral medulla. approximately 50% of hsv1-positive neurons in the c1 and all the hsv1-positive neurons in the c3 a ... | 1989 | 2555751 |
| herpes simplex keratitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is associated with a wide spectrum of systemic and ocular infectious diseases. little information is known about herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) keratoconjunctivitis in association with aids. the authors present six cases of recurrent hsv keratitis occurring in aids patients. features of the herpetic keratitis in these patients included unilateral dendritic or geographic epithelial keratopathy; predilection for peripheral versus central corneal invo ... | 1989 | 2555761 |
| aphidicolin resistance in herpes simplex virus type i reveals features of the dna polymerase dntp binding site. | we describe the mapping and sequencing of mutations within the dna polymerase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 which confer resistance to aphidicolin, a dna polymerase inhibitor. the mutations occur near two regions which are highly conserved among dna polymerases related to the herpes simplex enzyme. they also occur near other herpes simplex mutations which affect the interactions between the polymerase and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate substrates. consequently, we argue in favor of the i ... | 1989 | 2555788 |
| effects of the anti-cancer agent etoposide on human herpesvirus 1 replication in vitro. | the anti-human herpesvirus type 1 (herpes simplex virus 1; hsv1) activity of etoposide (vp-16-213, a semi-synthetic derivative of epipodophyllotoxin) was investigated in vitro. etoposide (but not the proprietary solvent in which the compound is usually formulated) demonstrated a significant antiviral action, probably through an effect on virus replication. etoposide, at 3 micrograms/ml, induced a 50% reduction of hsv1-plaque formation in vero cells. these findings are considered in the context o ... | 1989 | 2555854 |
| [effectiveness of soviet derivatives of phosphonic acid and their combination with interferon inducers in cell cultures and in a model of herpetic meningoencephalitis in mice]. | nationally synthesized chemopreparations: phosphonoacetic (paa), phosphonoformic (pfa) acids and acycloguanosine (acg) exhibit a marked antiherpetic effect in cell cultures and marked protective effect in herpes meningoencephalitis in mice induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) (43% pfa, 33% paa, 25% acg). both in vitro and in vivo (mouse meningoencephalitis), pfa (its trisodium salt) on the whole proved to be less toxic than paa but exerted a higher or sim ... | 1989 | 2555965 |
| synergistic therapy by acyclovir and a1110u for mice orofacially infected with herpes simplex viruses. | clinical effects of the administration of a combination of acyclovir (acv) and compound a1110u (a 2-acetylpyridine thiocarbonothiohydrazone inactivator of herpes simplex virus [hsv] ribonucleotide reductase) on the development of herpetic skin lesions were studied in athymic and hairless mice infected intracutaneously with different hsv type 1 (hsv-1) strains. acv was administered topically (5%) or orally (5 mg/ml), while a1110u was applied topically (3%). in all but one experiment, the effect o ... | 1989 | 2556074 |
| brain stem encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. | a 6 year old child is described with infection due to herpes simplex virus type 1 causing brain stem encephalitis. the diagnosis was established by enzyme immunosorbent assays of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum which demonstrated antibody responses to herpes simplex virus. recovery occurred and the importance of early use of acyclovir in achieving a good outcome is emphasized. | 1989 | 2556100 |
| evaluation of a hsv specific monoclonal antibody reagent for laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. | a new fitc-conjugated hsv specific monoclonal antibody reagent (syva co., palo alto, ca) was evaluated for the confirmation of hsv clinical isolates. the reagent was also compared to type-specific monoclonal antibodies for the pre-cpe detection of hsv from clinical specimens in centrifugation culture and by direct examination of specimens smears by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining (dfa). hsv was isolated from 75 of 232 specimens (32%). all 75 isolates were confirmed with both the type- ... | 1989 | 2556235 |
| expression of the e. coli lac z gene from a defective hsv-1 vector in various human normal, cancer-prone and tumor cells. | introducing foreign genetic material into human cells is essential for the elucidation of the function of various human genes and has potential use in the treatment of human diseases by gene therapy. in this study we demonstrate that a defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector, phsvlac, can effectively transfer and express the escherichia coli lac z gene in a variety of exponential and quiescent human cells. the human cells tested included representative cells derived from cancer-prone patien ... | 1989 | 2556295 |
| expression of a viral gene in insulin-producing cell lines renders them susceptible to immunological destruction. | the gene coding for the glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 was cloned into plasmids under the transcriptional control of the sv40 promoter-enhancer or the rat insulin 1 promoter-enhancer sequences. these plasmids were transfected into rat insulinoma cells (rinm5f) and mouse nih/3t3 cells and the expression of glycoprotein d was examined using cell surface immunofluoresence. the rat insulin 1 promoter-enhancer sequences directed efficient expression in rinm5f cells, but not in nih/3t3 ... | 1989 | 2556307 |
| herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis is not titer-dependent and does not correlate with neurovirulence. | we developed a murine model of ocular herpes simplex virus (hsv) disease which is particularly suited for testing stromal keratitis because most animals show some evidence of infection. using this model, we characterized the ocular disease patterns caused by ten recent low-passage clinical isolates of hsv-1, as well as those caused by the established laboratory strains hsv-1 kos and hsv-2 333. viral strains were evaluated for their ability to cause stromal keratitis, blepharitis, vascularization ... | 1989 | 2556353 |
| dystrophin in electric organ of torpedo californica homologous to that in human muscle. | we have found that dystrophin is highly concentrated at neuromuscular junctions and innervated membranes of the electric organ of torpedo californica. in acetylcholine receptor-rich torpedo membrane preparations dystrophin represents approximately 0.4% of total protein and can be extracted from these membranes by alkaline treatment in the absence of detergent, indicating that it is a peripheral membrane protein. polyclonal antibodies raised against electrophoretically isolated torpedo dystrophin ... | 1989 | 2556382 |
| overexpression and assembly of the herpes simplex virus type 1 helicase-primase in insect cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a helicase-primase that consists of three polypeptides encoded by the ul5, ul8, and ul52 genes (crute, j.j., tsurumi, t., zhu, l., weller, s.k., olivo, p.d., challberg, m.d., mocarski, e.s., and lehman, i.r. (1989) proc. natl. acad, sci, u.s.a. 86, 2186-2189). to obtain sufficient quantities of the enzyme for study, we have overexpressed the three genes using the baculovirus expression system. we find that the fully active enzyme can be assembled in vi ... | 1989 | 2556383 |
| prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women, and estimated rates of infection. | there has been a recent increase in notifications of genital herpes but it is not known whether this has been reflected in the pregnant population. we have therefore carried out a study to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex antibodies in pregnant women and to estimate the incidence of primary infection. sera were collected from 3533 women at antenatal clinics and tested for total antibodies to herpes simples virus (hsv), and if positive, for specific antibodies to hsv-2. estimates of hsv ... | 1989 | 2556492 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) specifically deleted for expression of the latency-associated transcript (lat). | we have previously reported that in sensory neurons of mice harboring latent herpes simplex virus (hsv), a novel virus-encoded rna species termed the latency-associated transcript (lat) is abundant. to investigate a potential function for lat in the latent state, we have engineered a deletion in hsv-1 strain kos(m) which abolishes lat expression. the deletion virus (kos 8117) is not altered for virulence or the ability to replicate in mouse cells in vivo or in vitro. although no transcripts were ... | 1989 | 2556619 |
| [clinico-pathologic case of slowly progressive herpes simplex encephalitis without temporal necrosis]. | a case of herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) is reported. the patient experienced short term memory disorders and irritability progressing over 3 months, without seizures or fever. the csf was normal. ct showed a small low density area in the right posterior orbito-frontal region. at post-mortem examination, one month later, the temporal cortex appeared largely spared by necrosis, which involved the posterior orbito-frontal areas. cowdry type a inclusions, herpes virus like particles and fluoresc ... | 1989 | 2556775 |
| differential regulation by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 trans-activating genes. | transient expression assays were performed in vero cells in order to compare varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-encoded trans-activating proteins [defined by the products of open reading frames (orf) 4 and 62] with herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) trans-activating proteins, icp4 and icp0, with respect to activation of gene expression. we demonstrate that the product of vzv orf4 and orf62 (which are the hsv-1 analogs of icp27 and icp4, respectively) stimulate a variety of viral and cellular gene pro ... | 1989 | 2556849 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase null mutants induce lesions in guinea pigs. | two herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase null mutants, hrr3 and icp6 delta, produced cutaneous lesions in guinea pigs as severe as those of wild-type strains. the lesions induced by hrr3 resulted from in vivo replication of the mutant virus, suggesting that this virus-encoded enzyme is nonessential for virus replication in guinea pigs. | 1989 | 2556851 |
| anti-herpesvirus activity of citrusinine-i, a new acridone alkaloid, and related compounds. | citrusinine-i, a new acridone alkaloid isolated from the root bark of the citrus plant (rutaceae), exhibited potent activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2 at low concentrations relative to their cytotoxicity; 50% effective concentrations (ed50) of citrusinine-i were 0.56 micrograms/ml and 0.74 micrograms/ml against hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively. inhibitory action was also demonstrated against cytomegalovirus (cmv) and thymidine kinase-deficient or dna polymerase mutants of ... | 1989 | 2556960 |
| destabilization of herpes simplex virus type 1 virions by local anesthetics, alkaline ph, and calcium depletion. | the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was found to be markedly reduced by treating virions with the tertiary amine local anesthetics lidocaine, dibucaine and tetracaine. these treatments induced a characteristic shift in the buoyant density of the hsv-1 particles from a "light" to a "heavy" population. hsv-1 virions were unstable at alkaline ph, and alkali treatment caused the same shift in buoyant density. ca2+ stabilized the "light" population. these results suggest that the p ... | 1989 | 2556981 |
| active replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells following coincubation with herpes viruses. | patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) commonly suffer from opportunistic infections associated with members of the herpes virus family. to investigate whether certain of these other viruses might have an effect on the ability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) to replicate, we coincubated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from nine hiv-1-seropositive donors with live preparations of various herpes viruses. in seven of nine cases, exposure of pbmc to prep ... | 1989 | 2557380 |
| binding of the herpes simplex virus major regulatory protein to viral dna. | infected-cell protein 4 (icp4), the major regulatory protein specified by herpes simplex virus 1 in infected cells, binds to homologs of the sequence atcgtcnnnnycgrc (a sites, where n is any nucleotide, y is a pyrimidine, and r is a purine) and to unrelated sequences for which no consensus sequence has been derived (b sites). we have examined the binding of icp4 to each of two a and two b binding sites by using fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody that is reactive with an epitope located at th ... | 1989 | 2557630 |
| rapid identification and typing of herpes simplex virus by a new enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase-labeled complement c1q. | a new enzyme-linked immunoassay system (tc-elisa) was developed for the rapid, specific detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv) using anti-hsv immune sera and enzyme-labeled complement component c1q (p*-c1q). the method is based on viral antigen produced in hsv-infected cells being detected by simultaneous addition of immune serum and p*-c1q (elisa-cf). with this assay, it was found that hsv was detected with anti-hsv immune serum and p*-c1q and that hsv type 1 and hsv type 2 could be ... | 1989 | 2557809 |
| purification of a set of cellular polypeptides that bind to the purine-rich cis-regulatory element of herpes simplex virus immediate early genes. | expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) immediate early (ie) genes is activated by a polypeptide component of the mature virion termed viral protein 16 (vp16). stimulation of ie expression by vp16 operates via two cis-regulatory sequences: taatgarat, and the purine-rich hexanucleotide sequence gcggaa. vp16 does not bind directly to either of the ie cis-regulatory sequences. rather, these elements appear to represent binding sites for host cell proteins. herein, we report the purificatio ... | 1989 | 2558055 |
| gene ul11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes a virion protein which is myristylated. | we have investigated whether herpes simplex virus (hsv) contains structural polypeptides which are modified by myristic acid. we demonstrate that herpes simplex virions contain a family of myristylated proteins, mr approximately 13,000 to 16,000. these were mapped, using hsv-1/hsv-2 intertypic recombinants, to 0.130 to 0.204 map units on the virus genome. using anti-peptide sera, raised against the carboxyterminus of the predicted ul11 gene product, we have established that the myristylated viri ... | 1989 | 2558153 |
| the unique n-terminal domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase is preferentially sensitive to proteolysis. | using antisera made against peptides corresponding to different regions of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase we have probed proteolytic fragments of this protein and found that at least a part of its unique n-terminal domain is not necessary for enzyme activity. this non-essential region encompasses the domain previously predicted to be composed of beta sheets with a well buried core of hydrophobic residues. truncated forms of the large subunit are generat ... | 1989 | 2558154 |
| preinfection prophylaxis with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein immunogens: factors influencing efficacy. | using a guinea-pig model of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection we explored the protection afforded by preinfection immunization with hsv glycoproteins. glycoprotein immunogens prepared by recombinant dna technology were found to be as effective as immunogens purified from hsv-infected cell cultures. immunized animals developed less severe primary disease and also experienced less frequent recurrent infections. protection was influenced by both adjuvant and route of administration. thes ... | 1989 | 2558156 |
| explants of human oral epithelium exposed to viruses and cancer chemotherapeutics. | cultures of proliferating epithelial cells were established from explants of normal human oral epithelium from healthy young volunteers. the epithelial cells were found permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, coxsackie virus a-4 and a-16, adenovirus type 5, measles vaccine, rubella and influenza type a virus-. medium from deae-pretreated epithelial cultures infected with two subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 showed an increasing content of virusprotein with time by antige ... | 1989 | 2558179 |
| herpes simplex virus in oral mucosal ulcers in patients with hematological malignancy. | developments of oral mucosal ulcers induced by herpes simplex virus (hsv) were studied in patients with hematologic malignancy. herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) was identified by immunological staining using virus-specific monoclonal antibodies in the epithelial cells of such ulcers from two patients with malignant lymphoma (ml), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml), one with refractomy anemia with excess blasts, two with chronic myelocytic leukemia (cml), one with acute lymphoblastic ... | 1989 | 2558241 |
| detection of hsv-1 proteins prior to the appearance of infectious virus in mouse trigeminal ganglia during reactivation of latent infection. | following corneal inoculation of mice hsv-1 produces an acute infection and establishes a latent infection in trigeminal ganglia. the latent virus can be reactivated in vitro by explantation of ganglionic tissue. viral protein expression was studied in trigeminal ganglia during acute infection of mice and explant reactivation of latent infection. hsv-1 proteins were detectable by immunoprecipitation and immunostaining, in mouse ganglia only from 3-5 days post infection. although during explant r ... | 1989 | 2558462 |
| simian alphaherpesviruses and their relation to the human herpes simplex viruses. | biochemical and immunological properties of structural and non-structural polypeptides of the human simplex viruses (hsv1 and hsv2) and four related herpesviruses of non-human primates [herpesvirus simiae (b virus), h. cercopithicus (sa8), h. saimiri 1 (hvs 1), and h. ateles 1 (hva 1)] were compared. using a radioimmunoassay (ria), the presence of antigenic determinants shared among all six viruses was demonstrated. the relative degree of antigenic cross-reactivity among these viruses was furthe ... | 1989 | 2558632 |
| hm-pao-imaging and herpes encephalitis. | selective uptake of the cerebral blood-flow imaging agent 99mtc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (hm-pao) by human herpesvirus 1 (hsv-1) infected cells was investigated in vivo and in vitro. no specific uptake of hm-pao was observed either in encephalitic rats (by brain scintigraphic imaging or by immunoperoxidase staining/autoradiography of brain sections) or in hsv-1 infected vero cells. | 1989 | 2558636 |
| histopathologic study of herpes virus-induced retinitis in athymic balb/c mice: evidence for an immunopathogenic process. | in order to determine whether antiviral immunity is pathogenic in mouse eyes, hsv-1 was injected into the anterior chamber of one eye of adult athymic balb/c mice. the eyes of these t cell deficient mice were examined clinically and histopathologically for ocular disease. the anterior segment of injected eyes developed progressive inflammatory reactions that eventually destroyed the ciliary body and then progressed to the posterior compartment where partial necrosis occurred, but only in the inn ... | 1989 | 2558848 |
| an improved model of recurrent herpetic eye disease in mice. | mice were passively immunized with serum containing antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) before inoculation on the cornea with hsv-1 strain mckrae. after such immunization most mice survived and most had normal eyes. when primary infection had subsided, mice with normal eyes were selected and treated with cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone and uv irradiation of the inoculated eye or uv irradiation alone, to reactivate latent virus. after either treatment mice developed signs of recurre ... | 1989 | 2558849 |
| cytochemical study of the localization and organization of parental herpes simplex virus type i dna during initial infection of the cell. | changes in the location and structural organization of parental herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna during its migration from the extracellular space to the interior of the nucleus of the target cell were examined by in situ hybridization using an hsv-1 dna probe, specific dna staining, and autoradiography after infection of cells with tritium-labeled viruses. in situ hybridization was carried out on denatured dna to reveal as much as possible of the hsv-1 sequence present at the surface of ... | 1989 | 2558887 |
| homologies between herpesvirus of turkey and marek's disease virus type-1 dnas within two co-linearly arranged open reading frames, one encoding glycoprotein a. | the genomes of two avian herpesviruses, marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) and herpesvirus of turkey (hvt), share close homology only within certain dna regions. one such homologous region of hvt dna was cloned and sequenced. two open reading frames (orfs) were found in the long unique region, orf1 encoding the glycoprotein a (ga), and orf2 encoding a still unidentified protein. these two hvt-orfs are located at almost the same positions as the homologous mdv1-orfs. the nucleotide sequence homo ... | 1989 | 2558972 |
| rapid detection of herpes simplex virus dna by in situ hybridization with photobiotin-labelled double-stranded dna probes. | an assay for rapid detection of herpes simplex virus in infected cells is described. the assay utilizes in situ hybridization with photobiotin-labelled double-stranded dna probes prepared from hsv-1 dna cloned in plasmid vectors. the assay provided an alternative method for earlier detection of virus in cell cultures with the ease of preparation of photobiotin-labelled double-stranded dna. | 1989 | 2559320 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b in human cells and protection of mice against lethal herpes simplex virus 1 infection. | | 1989 | 2559611 |
| synthesis and biological activity of dansyl thymidines. | the synthesis of thymidines selectively dansylated in the 3'- and 5'-positions is reported. the biological investigation showed that these fluorescent nucleosides behave as competitive inhibitors of thymidine kinase (tk) from herpes simplex virus (hsv) and are endowed with a certain degree of antiviral activity against hsv-2 and hsv-1. | 1989 | 2559740 |
| anti-herpesvirus activity of carbocyclic oxetanocin g in vitro. | a series of new compounds, carbocyclic oxetanocins, have been synthesized and their anti-herpesvirus activity determined. carbocyclic oxetanocin g (oxt-g) was most active against herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) among carbocyclic oxetanocins tested; the median effective concentrations (ec50) for hsv-1, -2, and hcmv were 0.23, 0.04 and 0.40 micrograms/ml, respectively. the ec50 value of carbocyclic oxt-g against hsv-2 was significantly lower than those of acyclovir, gan ... | 1989 | 2559911 |
| the use of a hybridization assay for the study of host defences against herpes simplex virus. | a rapid and simple hybridization assay was developed as an alternative for virus titration for the investigation of host resistance against hsv-1 infections in vitro. the probe which was constructed for this assay was shown to be hsv-1-specific. when a monolayer of fibroblasts was infected for 24 h before hybridization, 15 pfu were detected reliably. a plateau in hybridization levels was found when the multiplicity of infection reached 1. in order to demonstrate the applicability of the probe fo ... | 1989 | 2559922 |
| a study on the antiviral action of a polyphenolic complex isolated from the medicinal plant geranium sanguineum l. viii. inhibitory effect on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the antiviral activity of a polyphenolic complex, isolated from a bulgarian medicinal plant geranium sanguineum l., on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied. the substance inhibited the intracellular stages of viral replication and exhibited a virucidal effect. | 1989 | 2560321 |
| [the effect of antiviral substances on herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture]. | comparative studies were carried out of the antiviral efficacy of 11 substances on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain da), including compounds with selective antiherpes action--bromovinyldeoxyuridine, virazole, phosphonoformic acid, acycloguanosine, citarabine, vidarabine, iododeoxyuridine, and some nonspecific viral inhibitors with antiherpes effect as distamycin a, tunicamycin and deoxyglucose. the antiherpes activity of the substances was tested in two cell systems: cell s ... | 1989 | 2560322 |
| [simultaneous in situ detection of viral antigens and rna in brain tissues from a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization]. | in order to elucidate the correlation between herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) and the central nervous system tissue, we performed the simultaneous detection of viral antigens and rna in the brain tissue sections from a patient with herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. in the present study the hybridization protocol reported by brahic m et al. in 1984 were applied for the simultaneous detection of viral rna and antigens with a few modification. ... | 1989 | 2560668 |
| cryogenic induced ocular hsv-1 reactivation is enhanced by an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway. | reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been shown to occur in response to localized inflammation. prostaglandins and lipoxygenase products [eg. hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, (hetes)] are associated with inflammation and, therefore, may play a role in hsv-1 infection and reactivation. in the rabbit cornea, alkali injury, cryogenic injury, and acute hsv-1 infection promote the synthesis of hetes. recently, a platelet activating factor antagonist, ginkgolide b (bn 52021) ha ... | 1989 | 2560693 |
| penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits induces latent hsv-1 reactivation when corticosteroids are used. | the increased incidence of corneal graft failure in patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv) keratitis may be due in part to reactivation of latent hsv following surgical corneal trauma and postoperative corticosteroid therapy. to determine the onset, frequency, and nature of hsv recurrences following penetrating keratoplasty (pkp), 21 hsv type 1 (hsv-1) latently infected rabbits underwent unilateral autograft pkp. opposite unoperated eyes served as hsv-1 latently infected controls. corneal auto ... | 1989 | 2560694 |
| transformation of golgi membrane into the envelope of herpes simplex virus in rat anterior pituitary cells. | envelopment of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) was investigated in relation to membrane differentiation in dissociated anterior pituitary cells. the number of cells stained positively with anti-hsv-1 serum was increased from 16 h to 31 h post infection. during this period, electron microscopy revealed that a number of nucleocapsids (unenveloped particles) were accumulated in the golgi area, where they frequently became surrounded by a double membrane of short golgi cisternae or by one with a ... | 1989 | 2560716 |
| virus induced adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells. | in this study we have demonstrated that infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) resulted in an increased adherence of monocytes (mc). this enhanced adherence occurred at 3 h post infection (p.i.) when about 20% of the monolayer is infected and when there is no cytopathic effect observable in the monolayer. the adherence of human mc to virus-infected huvec monolayers proved to be effective and reproducible if a multiplicity of infection ... | 1989 | 2560938 |
| [disseminated herpetic encephalitis: report of an autopsy case with immunohistochemical study]. | an autopsied case of disseminated herpetic encephalitis in a previously healthy one-year-and-three-month-old child is reported. he had fever, repeated convulsive crises and alterations of consciousness which progressed into a coma, leading to death in eight days. the neuropathological picture was characterized by necrosis and inflammation in multiple foci disseminated in the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum. the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique showed, in neurons of the t ... | 1989 | 2561339 |
| role of salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide on anti-hsv activity of macrophages from different anatomical sites. | it is generally agreed that endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria play a modulatory role on several macrophage functions. the intrinsic activity versus herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 of kupffer cells, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, harvested from normal and tumour-bearing rats, was evaluated. moreover, the effects of different intravenous treatments with s. enteritidis endotoxin were investigated. the antiviral activity of peritoneal, alveolar macrophages and kupffer cells from tu ... | 1989 | 2561362 |
| shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 into saliva after surgery for oral and genital or urological cancer patients. | the shedding of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) into the saliva was compared in 28 patients with oral cancer and 26 patients with genital or urological cancer. all subjects tested positive for hsv-1 specific antibody. a statistically significant (p less than 0.001) difference was found: infectious viruses were isolated from 12 (39.8%) of the oral cancer patients versus only 2 (7.6%) of the genital or urological patients. this indicates that direct stimulation of peripheral nerves during surg ... | 1989 | 2561402 |
| expression of human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mrna in brains of mice infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1. | | 1989 | 2561645 |
| immunobiology of langerhans cells on the ocular surface. ii. role of central corneal langerhans cells in stromal keratitis following experimental hsv-1 infection in mice. | stromal keratitis is typically the consequence of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive, although it is generally believed that there is an important immunological component. it has been proposed that stromal keratitis is mediated by virus-specific t lymphocytes of the delayed hypersensitivity type. however, while virtually all individuals infected with hsv-1 develop delayed hypersensitivity, only a small fraction actually develop st ... | 1989 | 2561960 |
| [epidemiological evaluations of human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus infections in drug addicts]. | eighty-eight drug addicts from the "ban center" in torre annunziata (naples) and 88 normal subjects pair-matched for age and sex were tested for igg to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus (cmv). a high prevalence of subjects with antibodies to hsv-1 and cmv (80.7% and 65.9%) were recorded in the control group testifying to the high level of these infections in campania. prevalences were higher in drug addicts, and drug abuse was identif ... | 1989 | 2562004 |
| [herpes simplex virus infections in algiers]. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus antibodies among the population in algiers. anti-bodies to hsv1 are acquired rapidly between the ages of 1 and 6 years and 81.25% of the population is hsv1 seropositive by 15 years of age. patients suffering from genital disorders possess hsv type 2 antibodies at a rate significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in the control group. | 1989 | 2562258 |
| [evaluation of 2 commercial monoclonal antibody kits for the identification of herpes simplex virus]. | two commercial monoclonal antibody kits (virgo and mikrotrak for the identification of herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been assessed. in 65 positive hsv cultures from clinical samples, 25 strains (38%) were identified as hsv1 with both kits. the virgo kit identified 37 strains (57%) as hsv2, and did not identify the remaining 3 (5%). with the microtrak kit, 34 strains (52%) corresponded to type 2, 2 (3%) strains remained nonidentified, and in the remaining 4 isolates (6%) both viral types were i ... | 1989 | 2562319 |
| [molecular-epidemiological and phylogenic analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 from seven areas in japan]. | two-hundred and seventy-five epidemiologically unrelated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hvs-1) strains isolated from seven areas (sapporo, akita, nagoya, kyoto, tottori, kagawa and kurume) in japan were compared with the standard laboratory strain f, based on cleavage analysis of hsv-1 dnas with three restriction endonucleases, bamhi, kpni and sali. the results obtained were as follows: 1) using gains and losses of 19 cleavage sites selected from 114 sites, the total of 275 strains could be classi ... | 1989 | 2562408 |
| [maternal genital herpes: virus isolation during the third trimester of pregnancy and at delivery]. | we followed 42 pregnant women at high risk for genital herpes infection. viral isolation was attempted weekly from the 34th week of pregnancy. one or more episodes of herpes infection developed in 74% of women. the virus was isolated in 28% after 34 weeks and in 22% after 37 weeks. a prophylactic cesarean section was performed in the latter group; only one of these women had a positive viral isolation at delivery. the hsv-2 of virus was found in 83% of cases and hsv-1 in 17%. | 1989 | 2562415 |
| hsv hepatitis in the mouse: a light and electron microscopic study with immunohistology and in situ hybridization. | in order to characterize better the morphology and immune response in acute necrotizing hsv infection, murine hsv hepatitis was examined. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) of hsv-1 (lenette) and hsv-2 (d316). in both groups half the animals were pretreated with silica particles to block macrophage function. up to 6 days after infection four mice from each group were sacrificed at daily intervals and the livers were examined by light and electron ... | 1989 | 2567083 |
| a tandem repeat sequence found in a heterogeneous fragment of ul of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we found a tandem repeat sequence in the region (designated bs7) in which restriction fragments bamhi d and sali b overlap each other, near the centre of the unique long sequence (ul) of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain f genome. the smai physical map of bs7 was constructed, and the position of a heterogeneous smai subfragment from hsv-1 isolates and plaque-purified clones from a single strain was defined on the map. the maximum size difference in the smai subfragment was estimated ... | 1989 | 2567339 |
| gene ul2 of herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes a uracil-dna glycosylase. | an insertion mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 has been constructed which carries the lacz gene from escherichia coli within the coding sequence of gene ul2, which is in the long unique region of the genome. in a one-step growth curve experiment this recombinant (called in 1601) grew as well as the wild-type (wt) parent virus, indicating that the ul2 gene is dispensable for growth in tissue culture. analysis of in 1601 dna with restriction endonucleases showed no detectable changes from the ... | 1989 | 2567340 |
| dna polymorphism among isolates from multiple sites of a patient with chronic herpes simplex virus, type 1 infection. | dna polymorphisms among independent isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 were studied from a 7-year-old male patient with recurrent infections of the skin and internal organs. in the patient's serum, hsv antibodies could not be detected by complement fixation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), or neutralization tests. elisa tests for the presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus were also negative. one hsv isolate was obtained from mesenteric nodes biopsied in 1983 ... | 1989 | 2575656 |
| in situ detection of dna-binding proteins in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells. | an in situ assay for detecting dna-binding proteins in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells is described. seventeen hsv-induced dna-binding species were visible with nicked, double-stranded dna as a substrate, while fourteen virus-induced dna-binding fractions were present in gels containing nuclease-treated, single-stranded dna. the effects of hsv on cellular dna-binding protein expression could also be seen. the resolution of dna-binding fractions was dependent upon the type of d ... | 1989 | 2576580 |
| some immunological characteristics of subjects suffering from frequent herpes simplex virus recrudescences. | some parameters of specific and non-specific immunity were tested in a group of 44 subjects suffering from frequent herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) or herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) recrudescences. the tests performed included determinations of (i) hsv complement-independent and complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies, (ii) antibodies to glycoprotein c of hsv-1 and glycoprotein g of hsv-2, (iii) antibodies to viral capsid and early antigens of epstein-barr virus, (iv) antibodies to tetanus tox ... | 1989 | 2576584 |
| epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc are clustered in two distinct antigenic sites. | epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos glycoprotein gc were identified by using a panel of gc-specific, virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and a series of antigenic variants selected for resistance to neutralization with individual members of the antibody panel. variants that were resistant to neutralization and expressed an antigenically altered form of gc were designated monoclonal antibody-resistant (mar) mutants. mar mutants were isolated at frequencies of 10(-3) to ... | 1985 | 2578193 |
| studies on the herpes simplex virus alkaline nuclease: detection of type-common and type-specific epitopes on the enzyme. | five monoclonal antibodies to the alkaline nuclease of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 have been used in immunoperoxidase tests to demonstrate the nuclear localization of the enzyme within hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cells and to purify the enzyme from cells infected with either virus by immunoadsorbant chromatography. affinity chromatography with a 32p-labelled extract of hsv-2-infected cells has enabled us to demonstrate that the nuclease eluting from the immunoadsorbant is a phosphopro ... | 1985 | 2578550 |
| localization of epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | we previously defined eight groups of monoclonal antibodies which react with distinct epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd). one of these, group vii antibody, was shown to react with a type-common continuous epitope within residues 11 to 19 of the mature glycoprotein (residues 36 to 44 of the predicted sequence of gd). in the current investigation, we have localized the sites of binding of two additional antibody groups which recognize continuous epitopes of gd. the use of truncat ... | 1985 | 2578577 |
| lysis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infected targets. iii. effect of hsv on natural killer activity. | freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients (pbl-p) with recurrent herpetic corneal and skin lesions, and controls (pbl-c) with no recollection of herpetic disease, effectively lysed herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected but not uninfected allogeneic fibroblasts. however, after 48 hr of stimulation with hsv-1, the lytic activity of pbl-c declined, while that of pbl-p increased. pbl-p and pbl-c produced similar amounts of interferon when stimulated with hsv-1. thus, the dec ... | 1985 | 2579040 |
| human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. iii. analysis of viral glycoproteins recognized by ctl clones by using recombinant herpes simplex viruses. | human cytotoxic t cell (ctl) clones specific for herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1- and type 2-infected cells were generated and were analyzed with regard to the viral glycoproteins they recognize on autologous hsv-infected cells. by use of target cells infected with wild-type hsv strains, a gc deletion mutant of hsv-1, and hsv-1 x hsv-2 intertypic recombinants, some hsv-1-specific ctl clones were found to be directed against l region-encoded ga/b-1, and others against s region-encoded glycoprot ... | 1985 | 2579149 |
| frequency of herpes simplex virus-specific helper t lymphocyte precursors in the lymph node cells of infected mice. | we have established a limited dilution assay to estimate the frequency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-specific, interleukin 2 (il 2)-producing helper t lymphocyte precursors (htl-p). the estimated frequency of such cells in suspensions of local lymph node (ln) cells 5 days after in vivo virus infection was 1:2470 to 1:5800. frequencies of htl-p in cells from uninfected mice were below levels of detection of our system and were judged to be below 1:100,000. removal of lyt-2+ cells from resp ... | 1985 | 2579150 |
| antibody response to type-common and type-unique epitopes of herpes simplex virus polypeptides. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) and type 2 (hsv2) polypeptides with type-common and type-unique epitopes were identified using cross-adsorbed hyperimmune rabbit sera and western blotting techniques. twelve hsv1 and fourteen hsv2 polypeptides with type-specific epitopes were identified. cross-adsorbed human sera reacted to a subset of the type-specific epitopes defined by rabbit sera. human sera with both hsv1- and hsv2-specific antibodies were identified by their reaction to hsv1-type-specifi ... | 1985 | 2580054 |
| characterization of the human newborn response to herpesvirus antigen. | an investigation was made into the human newborn cellular response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella zoster virus (vzv) to understand more about the nature of the neonate's susceptibility to overwhelming infection by these viruses. newborn mononuclear cells sustained the proliferation in culture of maternal (i.e., haplotype-matched) t cell blasts with specificity for hsv, cmv, or vzv (p less than 0.05). this is evidence for intact antigen-processing capab ... | 1985 | 2580908 |
| identification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein gc as the immunodominant antigen for hsv-1-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the frequency and fine specificity of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-reactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of c57bl/6 mice was investigated in limiting dilution culture. the reactivity patterns of virus-specific ctl were assayed on target cells infected with hsv type 1, strain kos, hsv type 2, strain mueller, and mutants of hsv-1 (kos) antigenically deficient or altered in glycoproteins gc or gb, two of the four major hsv-1-encoded cell surface glycoprotein antigens. most ctl clones recognized type ... | 1985 | 2582051 |
| purification of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins b and c using monoclonal antibodies and their ability to protect mice against lethal challenge. | monoclonal antibodies which react with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins, but do not neutralize infectivity, were prepared. the protein to which each monoclonal antibody was directed was determined by various techniques including their reaction with polypeptides from glycoprotein-deficient mutants after protein blotting, and also tests using passive haemagglutination. monoclonal antibodies a7 and alpha c3 were directed against a type-specific determinant on gc and a type-common d ... | 1985 | 2582080 |
| injection of anti-thy-1.2 serum breaks genetic resistance of mice against herpes simplex virus. | nude mice have been shown to be as resistant to intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) as their heterozygous littermates. here we document that both activation of natural killer (nk) cells and interferon induction were normal in nu/nu mice after injection of hsv. injection of silica caused increased mortality by hsv in c57bl/6 mice. silica, in addition, led to a significant reduction of nk cell activity but had no effect on the interferon response. treatment of c57bl/6 ... | 1985 | 2582081 |