| comparison of the immunological responses and efficacy of gamma-irradiated v3526 vaccine formulations against subcutaneous and aerosol challenge with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype iab. | we recently developed a gamma-irradiation method to inactivate v3526, a live-attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) vaccine candidate. dosage and schedule studies were conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of gamma-irradiated v3526 (gv3526). subcutaneous (sc) and low dosage intramuscular (im) administration of gv3526 were highly effective in protecting mice against a sc challenge with veev ia/b trinidad donkey strain, but not against an equivalent aerosol challeng ... | 2010 | 19914193 |
| glun2b subunit-containing nmda receptor antagonists prevent abeta-mediated synaptic plasticity disruption in vivo. | currently, treatment with the relatively low-affinity nmda receptor antagonist memantine provides limited benefit in alzheimer's disease (ad). one probable dose-limiting factor in the use of memantine is the inhibition of nmda receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms believed to underlie certain forms of memory. moreover, amyloid-beta protein (abeta) oligomers that are implicated in causing the cognitive deficits of ad potently inhibit this form of plasticity. here we examined if subtyp ... | 2009 | 19918059 |
| a sandwich elisa for the detection of wnt5a. | wnt5a is a noncanonical member of the wnt family of signaling molecules that has been linked to various physiological and pathological processes including cell differentiation, cell migration, cell growth, vascular remodeling, cancer and chronic inflammation. to understand the role of wnt5a in these processes, it is necessary to determine the function and expression level of wnt5a. in this study we developed a sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detectin ... | 2010 | 19919840 |
| serological and parasitological survey of dourine in the arsi-bale highlands of ethiopia. | this study was conducted from august 2005 to january 2007 to determine prevalence and distribution of dourine in horses and to investigate the occurrence of clinical and carrier cases in donkeys and mules in the arsi-bale highlands. study methodology was based on questionnaire, serological, clinical and parasitological survey. the questionnaire indicated that dourine is a major health problem of equines in the arsi-bale highlands. though dourine is commonly observed throughout the year, it has a ... | 2010 | 19924557 |
| a new tool for automatic assessment of segmental wall motion based on longitudinal 2d strain: a multicenter study by the israeli echocardiography research group. | identification and quantification of segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities on echocardiograms is of paramount clinical importance but is still performed by a subjective visual method. we constructed an automatic tool for assessment of wall motion based on longitudinal strain. | 2010 | 19926829 |
| detection and localization of gluts 1, 2, 3 and 5 in donkey spermatozoa. | gluts are a family of proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose and other hexoses through the plasma membrane of the cells. gluts are present in mammalian spermatozoon's membrane in different isoforms and they supply metabolic substrates for all the cell's activities such as motility, homoeostasis and fertilization. as studies about donkey spermatozoa and their metabolism are lacking, this study was aimed at detecting gluts 1, 2, 3 and 5 presence by western blotting technique and at dete ... | 2010 | 19930135 |
| additional-singleton interference in efficient visual search: a common salience route for detection and compound tasks. | in efficient search for feature singleton targets, additional singletons (ass) defined in a nontarget dimension are frequently found to interfere with performance. all search tasks that are processed via a spatial saliency map of the display would be predicted to be subject to such as interference. in contrast, dual-route models, such as feature integration theory, assume that singletons are detected not via a saliency map, but via a nonspatial route that is immune to interference from cross-dim ... | 2009 | 19933560 |
| [development of high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints of liposoluble constituents in donkey-hide glue and tortoise-shell glue]. | a sensitive and specific method with high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints was developed for controlling the quality of donkey-hide glue and tortoise-shell glue according to the liposoluble constituents. the samples were prepared with the liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase static extraction. the liposoluble constituents were analysed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a gradient program and detected at 205 nm. the chromatograms were evaluated by similarity ... | 2009 | 19938501 |
| specific binding and mineralization of calcified surfaces by small peptides. | several small (<25aa) peptides have been designed based on the sequence of the dentin phosphoprotein, one of the major noncollagenous proteins thought to be involved in the mineralization of the dentin extracellular matrix during tooth development. these peptides, consisting of multiple repeats of the tripeptide aspartate-serine-serine (dss), bind with high affinity to calcium phosphate compounds and, when immobilized, can recruit calcium phosphate to peptide-derivatized polystyrene beads or to ... | 2010 | 19949943 |
| single center comparison of anastomotic strictures after radical perineal and radical retropubic prostatectomy. | to analyze the incidence and management of anastomotic strictures (ass) after radical perineal prostatectomy (rpp) and retropubic prostatectomy (rrp) and to identify possible predisposing factors. | 2010 | 19969328 |
| prognosticating acute symptomatic seizures using two different seizure outcomes. | this study examined the profiles and prognosis of first acute symptomatic seizure (ass). because seizure recurrences may occur in the setting of a persisting or reemerging acute symptomatic cause or in the setting of an unprovoked seizure, we documented the prognosis of ass in terms of acute symptomatic seizure (as) or unprovoked seizure (us) recurrence. | 2010 | 20002147 |
| the effects of zooprophylaxis and other mosquito control measures against malaria in nouna, burkina faso. | in the absence of large scale, organized vector control programmes, individual protective measures against mosquitoes are essential for reducing the transmission of diseases like malaria. knowledge of the types and effectiveness of mosquito control methods used by households can aid in the development and promotion of preventive measures. | 2009 | 20003189 |
| phylogeny of horse chromosome 5q in the genus equus and centromere repositioning. | horses, asses and zebras belong to the genus equus and are the only extant species of the family equidae in the order perissodactyla. in a previous work we demonstrated that a key factor in the rapid karyotypic evolution of this genus was evolutionary centromere repositioning, that is, the shift of the centromeric function to a new position without alteration of the order of markers along the chromosome. in search of previously undiscovered evolutionarily new centromeres, we traced the phylogeny ... | 2009 | 20016166 |
| calcium is a key constituent for maintaining the in vitro properties of platelets suspended in the bicarbonate-containing additive solution m-sol with low plasma levels. | commercially available additive solutions (ass) require 30% to 35% plasma for optimal storage of platelets (plts). plts suspended in m-sol, a bicarbonate-based experimental platelet additive solution (pas), maintain in vitro plt properties during storage with low levels of plasma (< or =5%). | 2010 | 20030790 |
| detailed proteomic analysis on dm: insight into its hypoallergenicity. | successful therapy in cow milk (cm) protein allergy rests upon completely eliminating cm proteins from the child's diet: it is thus necessary to provide a replacement food. donkey milk (dm) has recently aroused scientific and clinical interest, above all among paediatric allergologists. a deeper knowledge of proteins in dm is necessary to evaluate the immunological and physiological properties of this natural substitute for cow's milk. the paper offers a detailed comparative analysis among the p ... | 2010 | 20036899 |
| immunolocalization of mitokatp subunits in human osteoblast-like cells. | the mitochondrial atp-dependent k channel (mitokatp) has been shown to play a role in cellular protection against apoptosis, or programmed cell death. this channel has been identified and characterized in a number of cell and tissue types but to date the possible existence of mitokatp in osteoblastic cells has not been investigated. the aim of this investigation was to establish whether the mitochondria of human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblasts (saos-2 cells) contain the putative mitokatp subuni ... | 2010 | 20036918 |
| syntheses and characterization of a series of silver-thioantimonates(iii) and thioarsenates(iii) containing two types of silver-sulfur chains. | three framework silver-thioantimonates, k(3)ag(9)sb(4)s(12)(1), rb(3)ag(9)sb(4)s(12)(2), and cs(3)ag(9)sb(4)s(12)(3), and one layered silver-thioarsenate, csag(2)ass(3)(4), have been synthesized solvothermally in the presence of thiophenol as a mineralizer. compounds 1, 2, and 3 are isostructural and contain infinite silver-sulfur chains [ag(9)s(12)](15-). these chains are connected to one another by the antimony atoms to generate wide channels along the [001] direction where the alkali metal ca ... | 2010 | 20038139 |
| x-ray absorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of arsenic mobilization during mackinawite (fes) oxidation. | in this study we investigated the speciation of the solid-phase as formed by reacting 2 x 10(-4) m as(iii) with 1.0 g/l mackinawite and the potential for these sorbed species to be mobilized (released into the aqueous phase) upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen at ph 4.9, 7.1, and 9.1. before oxygen exposure, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) analyses indicated that as(iii) was removed from the aqueous phase by forming as(0), ass, and surface precipita ... | 2010 | 20041638 |
| the adjustable systemic-pulmonary artery shunt provides precise control of flow in vivo. | the ratio of pulmonary:systemic blood flow (qp:qs) remains problematic after single ventricle reconstruction. the adjustable systemic-pulmonary artery shunt (as) was created as a solution for this problem. prototype ass were created using a screw-plunger mechanism as a variable resistor. a stepper motor controls plunger displacement. six adult dogs underwent placement of a 4-mm as in the femoral position to test its ability to control flow. shunts were placed as arteriovenous fistulae to simulat ... | 2010 | 20051834 |
| a two-photon fluorescent probe for thiols in live cells and tissues. | we report a two-photon fluorescent probe (ass) that can be excited by 780 nm femtosecond pulses and detect thiols in live cells and living tissues at a 90-180 microm depth without interference from other biologically relevant species by two-photon microscopy. | 2010 | 20052975 |
| the molecular biology of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimer's disease. | since the earliest descriptions of the disease, senile plaques (sp) and neurofibrillary tangles (nft) have been regarded as the pathological 'hallmarks' of alzheimer's disease (ad). whether or not sp and nft are sufficient cause to explain the neurodegeneration of ad is controversial. the major molecular constituents of these lesions, viz., beta-amyloid (ass) and tau, have played a defining role both in the diagnosis of the disease and in studies of pathogenesis. the molecular biology of sp and ... | 2009 | 20054780 |
| [occurrence of nematodes in horses from the northern region, state of tocantins, brazil]. | the occurrence of nematodes in horses of northern region, state of tocantins was studied. fecal samples were collected from 70 horses and 31 donkeys, in a total of 101 animals of different ages, in the municipalities of nova olinda, araguanã, babaçulândia and santa tereza. fecal examination was carried out for counting of eggs per gram of faeces, identification and quantification of larvae, diagnosis of habronemosis and lungworms. significant occurrence of large and small strongyles and dictyoca ... | 2008 | 20059843 |
| lithium argyrodites with phosphorus and arsenic: order and disorder of lithium atoms, crystal chemistry, and phase transitions. | crystal chemical data of high- (ht) and low-temperature (lt) modifications of lithium argyrodites with the compositions li(7)pch(6) (ch=s, se), li(6)pch(5)x (x=cl, br, i), li(6)ass(5)br, and li(6)asch(5)i (ch=s, se) based on single-crystal, powder x-ray (113 k<t<503 k) and neutron measurements (5 k<t<293 k) are presented. in the ht modifications, the li atoms are strongly disordered over a fraction of the available tetrahedral holes, whereas in the lt modifications they occupy ordered crystallog ... | 2010 | 20066696 |
| [acanthopanax senticosus saponins ameliorates oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes]. | to investigate the effect of acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ass) on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (h2o2 ) in cardiomyocytes. | 2009 | 20067020 |
| embryo recovery rate and recipients' pregnancy rate after nonsurgical embryo transfer in donkeys. | sixty-three embryos were recovered out of 83 estrous cycles (75.9%) and 98 ovulations (64.3%) of five pantesca jennies, 2 to 5 yr old, naturally mated or artificially inseminated with fresh semen. embryo recovery rate was influenced by number of ovulations per cycle (133% and 63% for double and single ovulations, respectively), by the day of embryo recovery attempt (12%, 83%, and 75% at days 7, 8, and 9 after ovulation, respectively), and by the repetition of the embryo recovery attempt on succe ... | 2010 | 20083302 |
| endoscopic application of hemostatic thrombin-gelatin matrix (floseal) in anticoagulated pigs. | flexible endoscopy is the method of choice for the diagnosis and therapy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but there are still problems during therapy of patients with coagulation disorders. floseal((r)) is a hemostatic matrix largely independent of the body's own clotting system. a newly developed endoscopic applicator for floseal((r)) was tested in a survival study on pigs with impaired clotting. in a total of eight pigs ulcerous lesions forrest ib were induced and the bleeding stopped by ap ... | 2010 | 20095898 |
| ass. prof. kurt hühn- pioneer of croatian ophthalmology. | the late kurt hühn (zagreb, 1875- rijeka, 1963) was one of the most outstanding figures in the history of croatian ophthalmology. from 1904 to 1940 he was the head of the department for eye diseases of the nuns' hospital (bolnica sestara milosrdnica) in zagreb. under his guidance, the department developed into the largest of the kind in the balkans, and did not in any respect lag behind other eye departments in europe. dr hühn was also a prominent public figure: organizer of postgraduate studies ... | 2008 | 20102248 |
| optical properties of a new nonlinear optical material: ti(3)asse(3). | we report on the synthesis and the measurement of the properties of large single crystals of a new synthetic nonlinear optical material of the sulfosalt type, tl(3)asse(3). the crystal space group is r3m; the refractive indices range from 3.14 to 3.44 with n(0) - n(e) = 0.18 (negative uniaxial), and the material is transparent from 1.26 microm to beyond 17 microm. the nonlinear optical susceptibilities are of the order of three times those of ag(3)ass(3) (proustite), in reasonable agreement with ... | 1972 | 20119089 |
| theory of thermal imaging using infrared to visible image up-conversion. | a novel method of thermal imaging based on the up-conversion of infrared radiation in nonlinear optical crystals is analyzed. an equation is derived giving the temperature resolution in terms of the pump laser energy e(p). for a proustite-ruby system based on the 8-13-micro band, a temperature resolution of better than 1 degrees c is predicted when the number of resolvable spots is 100 x 100 and e(p) = 10 j. numerical results are also provided for eighteen possible systems having different combi ... | 1972 | 20119434 |
| selenium and hormone interactions in female patients with hashimoto disease and healthy subjects. | to examine the correlation structure of parameters expressing selenium status, sex hormones secretion and thyroid function in a group of patients with hashimoto disease and healthy female subjects. | 2010 | 20136516 |
| [detection of bcr/abl fusion gene and its derivative chromosome 9 deletions in cml by using home-made bcr/abl extra-signal probe]. | this study was aimed to verify the efficacy of home-made lsi bcr/abl es probe for detection of bcr/abl fusion gene and derivative chromosome 9 deletions in chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was carried out with dual color bcr/abl extrasignal (es) probe in 97 cases of cml based on morphology and cytogenetic karyotype and 129 cases of non-hematological malignancies/non-myeloproliferative diseases with normal cytogenetic karyotype. for the patients with signa ... | 2010 | 20137147 |
| epidemiological features of fasciolosis in working donkeys in ethiopia. | a cross-sectional coprological survey in the tropical regions of ada, akaki, bereh and boset, and a retrospective post-mortem investigation were conducted to study the epidemiology of fasciolosis in working donkeys in ethiopia. faecal samples from 803 donkeys were collected, and the number of liver flukes recovered from 112 donkeys at post-mortem between 1995 and 2004 were analysed. there was a high prevalence of fasciolosis irrespective of the age of the donkeys. the overall prevalence of the i ... | 2010 | 20138432 |
| a cross-sectional study of trypanosomosis and its vectors in donkeys and mules in northwest ethiopia. | a preliminary study was conducted in january 2009 in four peasant associations (pas) selected from two districts in benishangul gumuz regional state, northwest ethiopia to investigate the prevalence and species of trypanosomes infecting donkeys and mules and identify the fly vectors playing a role in the transmission of trypanosomosis. blood samples were collected from a total of 334 donkeys and 52 mules and examined by dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and giemsa-stained blood sme ... | 2010 | 20143093 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of h3n8 equine influenza virus from donkeys in china. | during the 2007 outbreak of equine influenza (eiv) in china, an influenza virus designated a/donkey/xinjiang/5/2007 (donkey/xinjiang/2007) was isolated from a symptomatic donkey in xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. to analyze the genetic evolution of the new isolate, the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of donkey/xinjiang/2007 was amplified and sequenced. sequence alignment, prediction of glycosylation sites and phylogenetic analysis of the ha1 protein of donkey/xinjiang/2007 showed most similarit ... | 2010 | 20153940 |
| clinical manifestations of anti-synthetase syndrome positive for anti-alanyl-trna synthetase (anti-pl12) antibodies: a retrospective study of 17 cases. | to describe the clinical manifestations of the anti-synthetase syndrome (ass) specifically associated with anti-alanyl-trna (anti-pl12) synthetase antibodies. | 2010 | 20156976 |
| reduced argininosuccinate synthetase is a predictive biomarker for the development of pulmonary metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma. | pulmonary metastasis is the most significant prognostic determinant for osteosarcoma, but methods for its prediction and treatment have not been established. using oligonucleotide microarrays, we compared the global gene expression of biopsy samples between seven osteosarcoma patients who developed pulmonary metastasis within 4 years after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and curative resection, and 12 patients who did not relapse. we identified argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) as a gene differentiall ... | 2010 | 20159990 |
| vulnerability of organic acid tolerant wetland biota to the effects of inorganic acidification. | inland waterbodies are often naturally acidic but are these ecosystems pre-adapted to inorganic acidification e.g., by acid sulfate soils (ass)? we conducted a controlled mesocosm experiment with inorganically acidified wetland water and wetland sediment replicates to ph 3 from a naturally acidic (ph 3.9, conductivity=74microscm(-1)) wetland in south-western australia. following acidification, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen declined, and chlorophyll a dropped to zero. inorganic acidificat ... | 2010 | 20163829 |
| formation and function of apolipoprotein e-containing lipoproteins in the nervous system. | the strongest known genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset alzheimer disease is inheritance of the apolipoprotein (apo) e4 (epsilon4 allele) although the mechanisms underlying this connection are still not entirely clear. in this review, we shall discuss the role of apo e in the brain, particularly in relation to alzheimer disease. cholesterol transport and homeostasis in the central nervous system (cns) are separated from that in the peripheral circulation by the blood-brain barr ... | 2010 | 20170744 |
| evolving experience with prevention and treatment of splenic artery syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation. | impaired hepatic arterial perfusion after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) may lead to ischemic biliary tract lesions and graft-loss. hampered hepatic arterial blood flow is observed in patients with hypersplenism, often described as arterial steal syndrome (ass). however, arterial and portal perfusions are directly linked via the hepatic arterial buffer response (habr). recently, the term 'splenic artery syndrome' (sas) was coined to describe the effect of portal hyperperfusion leading to ... | 2010 | 20180930 |
| evaluation of formalin inactivated v3526 virus with adjuvant as a next generation vaccine candidate for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | v3526, a genetically modified strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), was formalin inactivated for evaluation as a next generation vaccine candidate for veev. in this study, we tested formalin-inactivated v3526 (fv3526) with and without adjuvant for immunogenicity and efficacy in balb/c mice and results were compared to the existing inactivated veev vaccine, c84. mice were vaccinated intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc) with fv3526 formulations and challenged with veev iab ... | 2010 | 20193792 |
| reactive trace element enrichment in a highly modified, tidally inundated acid sulfate soil wetland: east trinity, australia. | this study examines the abundance of trace elements in surface sediments of a former acid sulfate soil (ass) wetland subjected to marine tidal inundation. sediment properties of this highly modified study site are compared with those of an adjacent unmodified, intertidal mangrove forest. whilst some trace elements (al, cd, mn, ni and zn) were clearly depleted due to mobilisation and leaching in the previous oxic-acidic phase, other trace elements (as and cr) displayed significant enrichment in t ... | 2010 | 20223484 |
| the increase in seroprevalence to toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with ascaris suum antigens. | it has been suggested that the presence of toxocara canis larvae in lungs is an underlying factor in the onset of asthma. although the association of asthma and seropositivity to toxocara has been observed, there are no studies that indicate whether these antibodies are specific against t. canis antigens. | 2010 | 20227158 |
| the combination of adi-peg20 and trail effectively increases cell death in melanoma cell lines. | current treatment for advanced, metastatic melanoma is not very effective, and new modalities are needed. adi-peg20 is a drug that specifically targets ass-negative malignant melanomas while sparing the ass-expressing normal cells. although laboratory research and clinical trials showed promising results, there are some ass-negative cell lines and patients that can develop resistance to this drug. in this report, we combined adi-peg20 with another antitumor drug trail to increase the killing of ... | 2010 | 20227389 |
| history of the vancouver medical association. | | 1947 | 20267056 |
| gender influence on response time to sensory stimuli. | the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of auditory stimuli (as) and visual stimuli (vs) on response time, speed, and distance in male and female college athletes. thirty-five healthy national collegiate athletic association division i men's soccer and women's lacrosse athletes (mean age 20.7 +/- 2.3 years) participated in the study. this experiment was conducted in a laboratory environment, using a cybex "reactor" a 14-sensor force plate device used to detect response times, ... | 2010 | 20300032 |
| [hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype and the prevalence of anti-hev in 8 species of animals in the suburbs of beijing.]. | to investigate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and genotypes of hepatitis e virus in 8 species of animals including swine, cattle, sheep, horse, donkey, dog, chicken and duck in the suburb of beijing. | 2010 | 20302698 |
| [update: oral platelet inhibitors in cardiology]. | the antithrombotic therapy in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease is subject of several new therapeutic approaches. simultaneous treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ass) and a thienopyridine (clopidogrel) represents the standard of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome and following coronary stenting recommended by many guidelines. without true evidence this drug combination is used for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in many other vascular interventions (e.g. carotid ... | 2010 | 20333345 |
| re-evaluation of current a0 value recommendations for thermal disinfection of reusable human waste containers based on new experimental data. | issues over the correct cleaning and disinfection of reusable medical devices are of great concern for local infection control teams. we investigated the heat resistance of two important micro-organisms implicated in nosocomial infections, enterococcus spp. and spores of bacillus subtilis (a surrogate for clostridium difficile). disinfection with moist heat, based on the a(0) concept (en iso 15883-1), is the most common method for disinfection of human waste containers in the hospital setting. t ... | 2010 | 20338666 |
| proteomics of trypanosoma evansi infection in rodents. | trypanosoma evansi infections, commonly called 'surra', cause significant economic losses to livestock industry. while this infection is mainly restricted to large animals such as camels, donkeys and equines, recent reports indicate their ability to infect humans. there are no world animal health organization (waho) prescribed diagnostic tests or vaccines available against this disease and the available drugs show significant toxicity. there is an urgent need to develop improved methods of diagn ... | 2010 | 20339546 |
| efficiency of different extenders on cooled semen collected during long and short day length seasons in martina franca donkey. | artificial insemination with cooled semen is routine in equids because of its good fertility rates and relatively low costs. in several donkey breeds, especially in restricted populations, the use of cooled semen could be seen as the best way of improving reproductive performance and avoiding excessive inbreeding. furthermore, most jennies have ovulatory estrous throughout the year, and thus, cooled semen could also be used during short day length season. the aims of this study were to evaluate ... | 2010 | 20346604 |
| shared y chromosome repetitive dna sequences in stallion and donkey as visualized using whole-genomic comparative hybridization. | the genome of stallion (spanish breed) and donkey (spanish endemic zamorano-leonés) were compared using whole comparative genomic in situ hybridization (w-cgh) technique, with special reference to the variability observed in the y chromosome. results show that these diverging genomes still share some highly repetitive dna families localized in pericentromeric regions and, in the particular case of the y chromosome, a sub-family of highly repeated dna sequences, greatly expanded in the donkey gen ... | 2010 | 20353909 |
| diabetes and the vulnerable plaque: putting the tail on the donkey. | | 2010 | 20368226 |
| donkey and goat milk intake and modulation of the human aged immune response. | in a group of 14 healthy aged subjects, donkey and goat milk was administered respectively, for a period of one month. cytokine profile [interleukin (il)-12, il-10, il-1beta, il-8, il-6 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha] was assessed before and after milk intake by means of a cytometric bead array test. data demonstrated that il-12 was undetectable, while il-10, il-1beta and tnf-alpha were released in very low amounts. quite interestingly, il-8 was increased by donkey milk administration, wh ... | 2010 | 20388099 |
| isolation and characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 from donkeys. | the highly pathogenic h5n1 is a major avian pathogen that crosses species barriers and seriously affects humans as well as some mammals. it mutates in an intensified manner and is considered a potential candidate for the possible next pandemic with all the catastrophic consequences. | 2010 | 20398268 |
| peptid-tethered bilayer lipid membranes and their interaction with amyloid beta-peptide. | the amyloid peptide (ass), a normal constituent of neuronal and non-neuronal cells, has been shown to be a major component of the extracellular plaque of alzheimer disease (ad). the interaction of ass peptides with the lipid matrix of neuronal cell membranes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ad. in this study, we have developed peptide-tethered artificial lipid membranes by the langmuir-blodgett and langmuir-schaefer methods. anti-ass40-mab labeled with a fluorophore was used to pro ... | 2007 | 20408652 |
| physical and chemical characteristics of donkey meat from martina franca breed. | the rheological and chemical characteristics of meat obtained from 12 martina franca donkey males, slaughtered at 14months of age and a mean final body weight of 169kg were determined. meat samples were taken four days post mortem from muscles longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris, colorimetric parameters were measured to determine l( *) (lightness), a( *) (redness), b( *) (yellowness) and chroma. the longissimus was significantly lighter (p<0.05) compared to the biceps femoris, wi ... | 2009 | 20416677 |
| identification of meat species by taqman-based real-time pcr assay. | in this study, a convenient, sensitive and specific real-time pcr assay was described for the species identification and their quantification in raw and cooked meat products. specific primers and taqman probes were designed on the mitochondrial nd2, nd5 and atp 6-8 genes for donkey, pork and horse, respectively, and the performance of the method was tested. in the results, no cross-reaction was observed between the donkey and pork species specific primer-probe systems and non-target species (bov ... | 2009 | 20416686 |
| novel cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides from equus asinus. | in the present study, ea-cath1 and ea-cath2 were identified from a constructed lung cdna library of donkey (equus asinus) as members of cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides, using a nested pcr-based cloning strategy. composed of 25 and 26 residues, respectively, ea-cath1 and ea-cath2 are smaller than most other cathelicidins and have no sequence homology to other cathelicidins identified to date. chemically synthesized ea-cath1 exerted potent antimicrobial activity against most of the 32 ... | 2010 | 20423460 |
| biodistribution of antisense nanoparticles in mammary carcinoma rat model. | efficient and specific delivery of antisenses (ass) and protection of the sequences from degradation are critical factors for effective therapy. sustained release nanoparticles (np) offer increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased amounts of as uptake, and the possibility of control in dosing and sustained duration of as administration. the biodegradable and biocompatible poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (plga) was utilized to encapsulate as directed against osteopontin ( ... | 2010 | 20429847 |
| a highly sensitive peptide substrate for detecting two aß-degrading enzymes: neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme. | neprilysin has been singled out as the most promising candidate for use in the degradation of abeta as a therapy for alzheimer's disease. in this study, a quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate containing the first seven residues of the abeta peptide plus a c-terminal cysteine residue was synthesized to detect neprilysin activity. a fluorophore was attached to the c-terminal cysteine and its fluorescence was quenched by a quencher linked to the n-terminus of the peptide. when this peptide substr ... | 2010 | 20435063 |
| demographics, management and health of donkeys in the uk. | in this paper, the management and health problems of donkeys on loan to independent carers from the donkey sanctuary are characterised, and the demographics of the uk's donkey population are described using data from a variety of sources. all carers that fostered a donkey from the donkey sanctuary between september 2004 and august 2005 (1432 donkeys) were surveyed using a postal questionnaire requesting information about the donkey, its premises, daily care, health and preventive medicine. the r ... | 2010 | 20435979 |
| in situ analysis of proteins at high temperatures mediated by capillary-flow hydrothermal uv-vis spectrophotometer with a water-soluble chromogenic reagent. | in situ monitoring of quantities, interactions, and conformations of proteins is essential for the study of biochemistry under hydrothermal environments and the analysis of hyperthermophilic organisms in natural hydrothermal systems on earth. we have investigated the potential of a capillary-flow hydrothermal uv-vis spectrophotometer (chus) for performing in situ measurements of proteins and determining their behavior at extremely high temperatures, in combination with a chromogenic reagents pro ... | 2010 | 20441871 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran contents in fish and sediment near a pentachlorophenol contaminated site. | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) in sediment and fish of aqua farms close to a contaminated site of a pentachlorophenol production plant (cpdc-ass) were investigated. the total pcdd/f i-teq level in sediment and fish ranged from 0.725 to 87.9 ng i-teq kg(-1)d.w.(-1) and 0.044 to 3.10 pg i-teq g(-1)w.w.(-1), respectively, meaning that the cpdc-ass was a long-term exposure pcdd/f contaminated area. the four dominant congeners in sediment and fish were ocdd, ocdf, 1,2,3 ... | 2010 | 20446148 |
| factors affecting gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in spanish donkey breeds reared in southern spain. | this paper investigated gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in three different spanish donkey breeds (andalusian, zamorano-leones, and catalonian) kept on farm conditions in southern spain, using data for ten consecutive breeding seasons. gestation length was measured in 58 pregnancies. ovarian ultrasonography was used to detect the ovulation, in order to ascertain true gestation length (ovulation-parturition). pregnancy was diagnosed approximately 14-18 d after ovulation and confi ... | 2010 | 20451997 |
| peripheral inflammatory biomarkers of alzheimer's disease: the role of platelets. | alzheimer's disease is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of neurons, synaptic degeneration, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. besides these hallmarks, increased accumulation of activated microglia, astrocytes and leukocytes adhering to postcapillary venules are observed in the affected brain areas, suggesting the presence of an ongoing inflammatory process. as neuroinflammation triggers the activation of peripheral immune system, many studies have analyz ... | 2010 | 20454929 |
| blood component preferences of transfusion services supporting infant transfusions: a university healthsystem consortium benchmarking study. | background: the extent of acceptability of red blood cells (rbcs) containing additive solutions (ass) for low-volume neonatal transfusions among hospitals is unknown. also unknown is whether hospitals have policies that address the risk of hyperkalemia associated with prolonged storage either with or without irradiation for neonatal transfusions. study design and methods: a benchmarking survey of university healthsystem consortium members included questions regarding the acceptability of rbc uni ... | 2010 | 20456704 |
| arginine deprivation, autophagy, apoptosis (aaa) for the treatment of melanoma. | the majority of melanoma cells do not express argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), and hence cannot synthesize arginine from citrulline. their growth and proliferation depend on exogenous supply of arginine. arginine degradation using arginine deiminase (adi) leads to growth inhibition and eventually cell death while normal cell which express ass can survive. this notion has been translated into clinical trial. pegylated adi (adi-peg20) has shown antitumor activity in melanoma. however, the sensi ... | 2010 | 20459375 |
| bioengineered arginase i increases caspase-3 expression of hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma cells despite induction of argininosuccinate synthetase-1. | hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas are often auxotrophic for l-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid. the purpose of this study was to investigate cancer cell death using a significantly more active, cobalt-substituted bioengineered arginase. | 2010 | 20466402 |
| effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade on arginine and adma synthesis and metabolic pathways in fawn-hooded hypertensive rats. | the fawn-hooded hypertensive (fhh) rat develops spontaneous glomerulosclerosis that is ameliorated by inhibition of the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor (at-1). since kidney damage is associated with nitric oxide (no) deficiency, we investigated how at-1 antagonism influenced nitric oxide synthase (nos), as well as nos substrate [l-arginine (l-arg)] and inhibitor [asymmetric dimethylarginine (adma)]. l-arg is synthesized by renal argininosuccinate synthase/argininosuccinate lyase (ass/asl) and the ... | 2010 | 20484304 |
| third cycle university studies in europe in the field of agricultural engineering and in the emerging discipline of biosystems engineering. | the main objectives of european thematic network entitled 'education and research in agricultural for biosystems engineering in europe (erabee-tn)' is to initiate and contribute to the structural development and the assurance of the quality assessment of the emerging discipline of biosystems engineering in europe. erabee is co-financed by the european community in the framework of the llp programme. the partnership consists of 35 participants from 27 erasmus countries, out of which 33 are higher ... | 2010 | 20491414 |
| a comparative stereological study of the term placenta in the donkey, pony and thoroughbred. | the aim of the study was to compare horse and donkey placentae using stereological techniques. term placentae were collected at spontaneous foaling from seven thoroughbred mares, seven pony mares, and six jenny donkeys. maternal and foal weights were recorded and the mass, volume, and gross area of each allantochorion was also recorded. ten random biopsies were recovered and processed for light microscopy from which the surface density of the microcotyledons (s(v)) and the total microscopic area ... | 2010 | 20494422 |
| comparison between in vitro qualities of platelets washed with commercially available additive solutions and those washed with m-sol. | we previously developed a novel additive solution (m-sol) with a high ability to preserve the in vitro qualities of platelets (plts) in washed plts here, we compared the ability of m-sol with that of commercially available additive solutions (ass) to preserve the in vitro qualities (ph, mean plt volume, %disc, p-selectin, %hypotonic shock response and aggregation) of plts at a low plasma concentration. | 2010 | 20497408 |
| identification of y chromosome genetic variations in chinese indigenous horse breeds. | y chromosome acts as a single nonrecombining unit that is male specific and in effect haploid, thus ensuring the preservation of mutational events as a single haplotype via male lines. in this study, 6 y chromosome-specific microsatellites (ssr) were tested for the patrilineal genetic variations of 573 male samples from chinese domestic horse (30 breeds), przewalski's horse, and donkey. all the 6 loci appeared as a haplotype block in przewalski's horse and the domestic donkey. there were notable ... | 2010 | 20497969 |
| cytochrome b genetic diversity and maternal origin of chinese domestic donkey. | to clarify the origin of chinese domestic donkeys, we investigated the mitochondrial cytb gene from 244 animals from 13 native breeds. we found 55 variable sites in the cytb gene sequence and subsequently defined 58 haplotypes. analysis of haplotypes in combination with cytb sequences revealed two mitochondrial origins in chinese domestic donkeys, phenotypically expressed by the somalian and nubian lineages. the somalian lineage predominated in chinese domestic donkey breeds. five specific cytb ... | 2010 | 20499156 |
| an improved red blood cell additive solution maintains 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate levels by an enhancing effect on phosphofructokinase activity during cold storage. | current additive solutions (ass) for red blood cells (rbcs) do not maintain constant 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (dpg) and adenosine triphosphate (atp) levels during cold storage. we have previously shown that with a new as called phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-gluconate-mannitol (pagggm), both 2,3-dpg and atp could be maintained throughout storage for 35 days. | 2010 | 20500561 |
| diversity of benzyl- and alkylsuccinate synthase genes in hydrocarbon-impacted environments and enrichment cultures. | hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms play an important role in the natural attenuation of spilled petroleum in a variety of anoxic environments. the role of benzylsuccinate synthase (bss) in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and its use as a biomarker for field investigations are well documented. the recent discovery of alkylsuccinate synthase (ass) allows the opportunity to test whether its encoding gene, assa, can serve as a comparable biomarker of anaerobic alkane degradation. degenerate assa- ... | 2010 | 20504044 |
| management of horse and donkey bite wounds: a series of 24 cases. | | 2010 | 20517069 |
| [therapeutic plasmapheresis and experience in alzheimer's disease]. | background and study development: therapeutic apheresis is a treatment strategy aimed at removing and eliminating from blood those substances that are considered pathogenically responsible for a disease or its clinical manifestations. in a therapeutic plasmapheresis (plasma exchange), a volume of circulating plasma is extracted and usually substituted by a 5% albumin solution or, exceptionally, by fresh plasma. beta-amyloid peptide (alphabeta) is the main proteinaceous component of the extracell ... | 2010 | 20517867 |
| serosurveillance for equine infectious anaemia in the ardahan province of turkey. | equine infectious anaemia is a retroviral infection of horses. all infected horses, including those that are asymptomatic, become carriers and are infectious for life. in this study, blood samples of all equines in the province of ardahan were collected. the material consisted of 8,947 equines, including 8,769 horses and 178 donkeys, from ardahan province in northeastern turkey. blood was collected from all horses and donkeys and the sera were analysed for the presence of antibodies to equine in ... | 2010 | 20521104 |
| intralesional bovine papillomavirus dna loads reflect severity of equine sarcoid disease. | sarcoids are nonmetastasising, yet locally aggressive skin tumours that constitute the most frequent neoplasm in equids. infection by bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (bpv-1, bpv-2) has been recognised as major causative factor in sarcoid pathogenesis, but a possible correlation of intralesional virus load with disease severity has not been established thus far. | 2010 | 20525051 |
| genomic analysis of an effective lentiviral vaccine-attenuated equine infectious anemia virus vaccine eiav fddv13. | chinese equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) attenuated vaccine is the first lentiviral vaccine with a successful application. in order to understand the correlation of viral genomic mutations with viral attenuation and with induced immunoprotective properties, we analyzed the proviral genome sequences of the eiav-attenuated vaccine strain eiav(fddv13) (eiav fetal donkey dermal cell-adapted vaccine) and its highly virulent parental strain eiav(ln40). the sequences of these strains were compared ... | 2010 | 20526660 |
| initial occurrence of taylorella asinigenitalis and its detection in nurse mares, a stallion and donkeys in kentucky. | in 1998, a newly identified bacterium taylorella asinigenitalis was isolated from the external genitalia and reproductive tracts of nurse mares, a stallion and donkey jacks in kentucky. an extensive regulatory effort was implemented to contain the outbreak including the tracing and testing of 232 horses and donkeys on 58 premises. t. asinigenitalis was isolated from the reproductive tract of 10 adult equids, including two donkey jacks, one paint quarter-horse stallion and seven draft-type breedi ... | 2010 | 20537742 |
| ion-pair complexation with a cavitand receptor. | the capability of resorcinarenes to bind anions within the alkyl feet at the lower rim has been exploited as the starting point for developing a new cavitand able to engulf contact ion pairs of primary ammonium salts in chlorinated solvents with association constants (k(ass)) in the range of 10(3)-10(4) m(-1). methylene bridges were introduced into the upper rim to freeze the resorcinarene in the cone conformation with the four h(down) protons converging in the lower pocket, thereby maximizing t ... | 2010 | 20540049 |
| proteomic characterization of donkey milk "caseome". | at present, compared with bovine milk, the characterization of donkey milk caseins is at a relatively early stage progress, and only limited data are related to its genetic polymorphism. in this work, the heterogeneity of donkey caseome was investigated using a proteomic approach, based on one- (page, utlief) and two-dimensional (page-->utlief) electrophoresis, stained with either coomassie brilliant blue or specific polyclonal antibodies, and structural ms analysis. these combined methodologies ... | 2010 | 20541767 |
| morphometric analysis of the neuronal numbers and densities of the inferior olivary complex in the donkey (equus asinus). | the morphometric interrelations between the compartments of the inferior olivary complex (ioc) in the donkey (equus asinus) were ascertained by examining serial sections throughout the entire length of the ioc for both sides. nissl-stained celloidin sections of four brainstems of donkeys were used. the ioc consisted of three major nuclei and four small cell groups. the total neuronal count in both sides of the ioc was 202,040±8480 cells. the medial accessory olivary nucleus (mao) had the largest ... | 2011 | 20546861 |
| the role of tau in alzheimer's disease and related disorders. | summary tau, the microtubule-associated protein, forms insoluble filaments that accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimer's disease (ad) and related tauopathies. under physiological conditions, tau regulates the assembly and maintenance of the structural stability of microtubules. in the diseased brain, however, tau becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated, which ultimately causes the microtubules to disassemble, and the free tau molecules aggregate into paired helical filaments. a large ... | 2010 | 20553310 |
| endocrine alterations around the time of abortion in mares impregnated with donkey or horse semen. | the objective of this study was to monitor and compare the concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg), progesterone and estrone sulphate during normal and failed pregnancies of mares impregnated with donkey or horse semen, relating their individual endocrine profiles to the time of pregnancy loss, and to the histopathologic findings in the aborted fetuses and placenta. mares (n=54) were used, 32 of them impregnated with donkey semen and 22 impregnated with horse semen. blood samples w ... | 2010 | 20558016 |
| transvenous treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula of the transverse sinus by embolization with platinum coils and onyx hd 500+. | summary: we report the endovascular treatment of a symptomatic dural arteriovenous fistula in a 61- year-old male patient. the medial portion of the fistula was occluded with detachable platinum coils during an initial intervention using a transvenous approach. due to persistence of the symptoms in a second intervention eight months later the fistula was completely occluded by the transvenous introduction of a liquid embolic agent (onyx 500+). the liquid embolic agent was introduced under protec ... | 2005 | 20584488 |
| expanding the chemical versatility of colloidal nanocrystals capped with molecular metal chalcogenide ligands. | we developed different strategies toward the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals stabilized with molecular metal chalcogenide complexes (mccs). negatively charged mccs, such as sns(4)(4-), sn(2)s(6)(4-), snte(4)(4-), ass(3)(3-), mos(4)(2-), can quantitatively replace the organic ligands at the nanocrystal surface and stabilize nanocrystal solutions in different polar media. we showed that all-inorganic nanocrystals composed of metals, semiconductors, or magnetic materials and capped with various ... | 2010 | 20593874 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic considerations in the design of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia studies: look before you leap! | our thesis is a simple one: although a drug can fail in an individual patient for many reasons, appropriately sized and conducted drug-development programs often fail because of insensitive, uninformative end points, and/or poor a priori regimen decisions. the difficulty in successfully developing antimicrobial agents at present is often exacerbated by company decision-makers who are either uninformed or disregard the difference between empirical-based (ie, akin to playing pin-the-tail on the do ... | 2010 | 20597657 |
| high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of bioactive amines in donkey milk. | in the present study we report on the optimization and validation of a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (hplc-apci-ms) method for the determination of 8 bioactive amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in donkey milk samples. the method involves donkey milk pre-treatment to remove proteins and pre-column dansylation of the amines. hplc in reversed phas ... | 2010 | 20598311 |
| an aß concatemer with altered aggregation propensities. | we present an analysis of the conformational and aggregative properties of an aß concatemer (con-alz) of interest for vaccine development against alzheimer's disease. con-alz consists of 3 copies of the 43 residues of the aß peptide separated by the p2 and p30 t-cell epitopes from the tetanus toxin. even in the presence of high concentrations of denaturants or fluorinated alcohols, con-alz has a very high propensity to form aggregates which slowly coalesce over time with changes in secondary, te ... | 2010 | 20619363 |
| antigenic characterization of trypanosoma evansi using sera from experimentally and naturally infected bovines, equines, dogs, and coatis. | the present research investigated the presence of t. evansi antibodies in animals from the subregion of nhecolandia, in the pantanal sul-mato-grossense, by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), and the pattern of polypeptide recognition by sera from experimentally and naturally infected hosts using western blotting. serum samples were obtained from bovines (n = 102), horses (n = 98), and dogs (n = 55), and from 32 free-ranging ... | 2010 | 20624349 |
| positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the management of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer: a large retrospective study from the royal marsden hospital. | despite the increasing use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (pet/ct) in the management of patients with breast cancer, its role is yet to be defined. | 2011 | 20624786 |
| fish mapping of six genes responsible for development of the nervous and skeletal systems on donkey (equus asinus) chromosomes. | the results obtained in the present study made it possible to place selected markers responsible for development of the nervous and skeletal systems on the physical map of the donkey genome. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to localize genes such as gdf5 (15q13), frzb (4q23.1), twist (1q31), pax6 (20q25), sall1 (24q15) and shh (1q35) on donkey chromosomes. the identification of their localization confirmed previously proposed homologies using zoo-fish technique, except for frzb ... | 2010 | 20626768 |
| haemosiderin deposition in donkey (equus asinus) livers: comparison of quantitative histochemistry for iron and liver iron content. | post mortem liver samples from 12 donkeys (equus asinus) aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings), were assessed chemically for copper and iron content on a wet weight basis and histologically for stainable iron. chemical liver copper content ranged from 2.7 to 4.8μg/g (mean 3.5±0.05μg/g). chemical liver iron content ranged from 524 to 5010μg/g (mean 1723±1258μg/g). histochemical iron was measured morphometrically using a computer-based image analysis system; percentage section area ... | 2011 | 20630552 |
| phytosociological and ecological structure of mediterranean enclaves along the stream valleys in inner parts of black sea region. | in this study phytosociological structure of mediterranean enclaves which occured along the stream valleys in inner parts of black sea region was investigated. pinus brutia var. brutia and quercus coccifera are the most widespread communities in the study area. pinus pinea, arbutus andrachne, arbutus unedo, fontanesia philliraeoides subsp. philliraeoides and olea europaea l. var sylvestris have a restricted distribution in inner parts of black sea region as compared to p. brutia and q. coccifera ... | 2010 | 20648812 |
| differences of protein fractions among fresh, frozen and powdered donkey milk. | recently donkey milk has been the focus of several studies because of its special nutritional properties and composition, which is very close to human milk. when a mother cannot breastfeed, or chooses not to breastfeed, the use of a milk substitute must provide the best option to meet the nutritional and health needs of the infant. donkey milk has been widely used in the past to replace human milk, because chemical composition and protein content are close to that of human milk, and also because ... | 2010 | 20653550 |
| cancer cell sensitivity to arginine deprivation in vitro is not determined by endogenous levels of arginine metabolic enzymes. | single amino acid arg (arginine) deprivation is currently considered as a therapeutic approach to treat certain types of tumours; the molecular mechanisms that underlie tumour cell sensitivity or resistance to arg restriction are still little understood. here, we address the question of whether endogenous levels of key arg metabolic enzymes [catabolic: arginases, arg1 (arginase type 1) and arg2 (arginase type 2), and anabolic: otc (ornithine transcarbamylase) and ass (argininosuccinate synthetas ... | 2010 | 20653567 |
| haemosiderin deposition in donkey (equusasinus) liver: comparison of liver histopathology with liver iron content. | histopathological examination was carried out on post mortem samples of liver from 12 donkeys (equus asinus), aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings). variable amounts of haemosiderin were present in kupffer cells, portal macrophages and hepatocytes in all cases. in all cases there was infiltration of connective tissue around portal tracts by variable numbers of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) but obvious portal fibrosis was present in only four animal ... | 2011 | 20656308 |