| design of the ataq peptide and its evaluation as an immunogen to develop a rhipicephalus vaccine. | tick infestation may cause several problems including affecting domestic animal health and reducing the production of meat and milk, among others. resistance to several classes of acaricides have been reported, forcing researchers to search for alternative measures, such as vaccines against ticks, to ensure tick control while having no or at least low negative impacts on the environment and public health. however, the current commercially available vaccines in different strains of rhipicephalus ... | 2016 | 27084468 |
| injectable fipronil for cattle: plasma disposition and efficacy against rhipicephalus microplus. | fipronil is a phenylpyrazole class insecticide. it is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture and in the control of ectoparasites in veterinary medicine. the application of fipronil in an injectable form (subcutaneously) becomes an innovation, since there is no commercially available preparation containing fipronil herein. the present study aimed at fipronil usage, applied subcutaneously in cattle, to control rhipicephalus microplus. the assessing criteria used in the research have been the ... | 2016 | 26995714 |
| an integrative approach to understanding pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus microplus and r. decoloratus ticks. | rhipicephalus microplus and rhipicephalus decoloratus species occur in regions with savannah and temperate climates, typically in grassland and wooded areas used as cattle pasture. both species are associated with the transmission of anaplasma and babesia spp., impacting livestock health and quality of livestock-associated products. in africa, tick control is predominantly mediated with the use of acaricides, such as synthetic pyrethroids. after several years on the market, reports of resistance ... | 2016 | 26851840 |
| eprinomectin accumulation in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment. | eprinomectin (epm) is a macrocyclic lactone used against endo-ectoparasites without withdrawal time in milk and meat after its pour-on administration at 0.5mg/kg. previous experiments evaluated the efficacy of epm against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in cattle. this study assessed epm efficacy against r. (b.) microplus after topical administration at two dose rates and investigated the relationship between epm systemic exposure in the host and drug concentrations accumulated in ticks reco ... | 2016 | 26790731 |
| ten years later: evaluation of the effectiveness of 12.5% amitraz against a field population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using field studies, artificial infestation (stall tests) and adult immersion tests. | using field trials, artificial infestations (stall tests) and in vitro adult immersion tests, the present study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 12.5% amitraz administered via whole body spraying against a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus population that did not have any contact with chemical products belonging to this acaricide family for 10 years (approximately 40 generations). two natural infestation trials, two artificial infestation trials (stall tests) and two adult immersion tests ... | 2015 | 26559460 |
| effects of different spray formulations on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle. | this present study aimed to evaluate the deleterious effects of some commercially available spray formulations (15% cypermethrin+25% chlorpyriphos+1% citronellal and 8% cypermethrin+60% ethion) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that detached from experimentally infested cattle. the following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in ovi ... | 2015 | 26427633 |
| use of ivermectin as endoparasiticide in tropical cattle herds generates resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes and the tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine simultaneously the status of resistance against ivermectin (ivm) in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) and rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1888) ticks in 12 cattle farms where ivm was used for the control of gin in the mexican tropics. six farms had frequent use of ivm (≥ 4 times per year) and six farms had low frequency of ivm use (1-2 times per year). the fecal egg count reduction test and the larval immersion test were used to determine t ... | 2015 | 26336306 |
| survey of acaricides resistance status of rhipiciphalus (boophilus) microplus collected from selected places of bihar, an eastern state of india. | monitoring acaricide resistance in field ticks and use of suitable managemental practices are essential for controlling tick populations infesting animals. in the present study, the acaricide resistance status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes of five districts located in the eastern indian state, bihar were characterized using three data sets (ait, biochemical assays and gene sequences). adult immersion test (ait) was adopted using seven field isolates ... | 2015 | 26117183 |
| ethnoveterinary plants and practices used for ecto-parasite control in semi-arid smallholder farming areas of zimbabwe. | the inclusion of traditional plant-based ecto-parasite control methods in primary health care of livestock is increasingly becoming an important intervention for improving livestock productivity in resource-challenged smallholder farming areas. in this study, commonly used plants used for the control of cattle ticks and other pests were identified through a survey in four semi-arid districts of zimbabwe. | 2015 | 25925402 |
| discovery, adaptation and transcriptional activity of two tick promoters: construction of a dual luciferase reporter system for optimization of rna interference in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus cell lines. | dual luciferase reporter systems are valuable tools for functional genomic studies, but have not previously been developed for use in tick cell culture. we evaluated expression of available luciferase constructs in tick cell cultures derived from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, an important vector of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. commercial promoters were evaluated for transcriptional activity driving luciferase expression in the tick cell lines. the human phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk ... | 2015 | 25892533 |
| acaricidal effects of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), administered at different routes, against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus parasitizing cattle. | the present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg), administered as a pour-on, in comparison to an injectable formulation containing fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in naturally and experimentally infested cattle. two studies were conducted with different tick strains, one with artificial infestations (stall test, using leight animals per group) and one with natural infestations (utilizing ten animals ... | 2015 | 25728230 |
| strategic applications of long-acting acaricides against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in northwestern argentina, with an analysis of tick distribution among cattle. | strategic applications of long-acting acaricides for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in northwestern argentina were evaluated for one year. in addition, tick distribution among cattle was analyzed to evaluate if partial selective treatment or culling the small proportion of most heavily infested animals were feasible options to control r. (b.) microplus. two different treatments schemes based on two applications of fluazuron and one application of 3.15% ivermectin were perform ... | 2015 | 25670006 |
| bovine genetic resistance effects on biological traits of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this study aimed to verify the influence of bovine genetic resistance on biological traits of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. genetic resistance or susceptibility was determined according to breeding values for tick counts, predicted using a dataset of 9007 hereford and braford (hereford×zebu) bovines naturally infested and raised under extensive production systems in southern brazil. from a total of 974 braford heifers born in 2008, 20 were classified as genetically tick-resistant ... | 2015 | 25648284 |
| susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to ivermectin (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg) in field studies in brazil. | the present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 17 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations, originating in the southeast and southern regions of brazil, to different ivermectin concentrations (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg), administered through subcutaneous or topical (pour-on) routes. r. (b.) microplus populations from the states of minas gerais (seven populations), são paulo (seven populations) and paraná (three populations) were chosen for the tests. the selected cattle were allo ... | 2015 | 25576441 |
| effect of a spray formulation on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the number of studies emphasizing the possible damage that acaricidal spray formulations can cause on engorged female ticks' reproductive parameters is small. the present study evaluated the deleterious effects of a spray formulation (dichlorvos 60% + chlorpyrifos 20%) on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of rhipicephalus (b.) microplus females, using the stall test. the ticks were allocated randomly to treatments according to the mean numbers of females detached from each ... | 2017 | 25517518 |
| immunoprotective potential of a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus metalloprotease. | ticks have serious impacts on animal and human health, causing significant economic losses in cattle breeding. besides damage due to the hematophagous behavior, they transmit several pathogens. low cost and environmental safety have made vaccines a promising alternative control method against tick infestation. metalloproteases (mps) have been shown to be essential for diverse biological functions in hematophagous organisms, inhibiting blood clotting, degrading extracellular matrix proteins, and ... | 2015 | 25480468 |
| a comparison of three different methodologies for evaluating rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus susceptibility to topical spray compounds. | this study aimed to compare three different methodologies (adult immersion tests, field trials with naturally infected animals, and a stall test using artificially infested cattle) to evaluate the efficacy of two topical formulations that we administered as whole body sprays (15% cypermethrin+30% chlorpyriphos+15% fenthion-colosso(®) fc 30, ouro fino agronegócios; and 60% dichlorvos+20% chlorpyriphos-ectofós(®), vallée saúde animal ltd.), against a susceptible strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) ... | 2015 | 25468670 |
| chemical composition and acaricidal activity of the essential oil of baccharis dracunculifolia de candole (1836) and its constituents nerolidol and limonene on larvae and engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | baccharis dracunculifolia dc (common name "alecrim-do-campo" in brazil) is a plant with widespread distribution in south america that is the botanical origin of green propolis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and acaricidal activity of the essential oil of b. dracunculifolia and its constituents nerolidol and limonene on unengorged larvae and engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). the essential oil yield was 0.8% of dry mass and the major co ... | 2015 | 25448290 |
| acaricidal properties of the essential oil from zanthoxylum caribaeum against rhipicephalus microplus. | zanthoxylum caribaeum lamarck (rutaceae) is plant species with a variety of medical applications, including insecticidal activity. this study determined the bioacaricidal activity of the essential oil from z. caribaeum leaves against engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) females using the adult immersion test. for this purpose, three serial concentrations (5.0, 2.5, and 1.25%, vol:vol, in 1% dimetilsulfoxide) of the essential oil were used. essential oil 5% caused 65% m ... | 2014 | 25276925 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in the western-central region of rio grande do sul, brazil: multiresistant tick. | the aim of the present study was to assess the acaricide resistance of tick populations in the western-central region of rio grande do sul (brazil), which has not previously been reported. fifty-four cattle farms were visited and specimens of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were collected and subjected to the adult immersion test, using nine commercial acaricides in the amidine, pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. climatic data, including monthly precipitation, were recorded. the results ... | 2016 | 25271453 |
| effects of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of fluazuron (3.0 mg/kg) + abamectin (0.5 mg/kg) on the reproductive parameters of a field population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on experimentally infested cattle. | the current study assessed the deleterious effects of two formulations of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg fluazuron and a combination of 3.0 mg/kg fluazuron + 0.5 mg/kg abamectin) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that naturally detached from experimentally infested cattle in two experiments. based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) showed deleterious effects only on the hatchability percentage in the period of 2-7 po ... | 2014 | 24837997 |
| rmkk, a tissue kallikrein inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus eggs. | rhipicephalus microplus is an important ectoparasite that is responsible for transmission of anaplasmosis and babesiosis to cattle. tissue kallikrein inhibitors might play an important role in r. microplus eggs. in the present work, we purified and characterized, a tissue kallikrein inhibitor presents in r. microplus eggs (rmkk), a protein which contains two kunitz domain in tandem. purified inhibitor was confirmed by amino terminal determination and its dissociation constant (ki) for bovine try ... | 2014 | 24814709 |
| acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: the state of play. | cattle ticks are an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. use of synthetic acaricides is the primary method of tick control; therefore, it would be imperative to develop strategies to preserve the efficacy of existing acaricides. this paper summarizes the status of acaricide resistance in cattle ticks from different parts of the world and reviews modes of action of currently used acaricides, mechanism of resistance development, contributory ... | 2014 | 24709006 |
| analysis of the risk factors relating to cows' resistance to rhipicephalus microplus ticks during the peripartum. | this study aimed to evaluate season, breed, number of lactations and milk production as risk factors relating to rhipicephalus microplus infestation in dairy cows during the peripartum. eighty-four animals were randomly selected through proportional stratified sampling. all engorged and partially engorged female r. microplus specimens measuring 4.5-8.0 mm were counted during the 5 weeks before calving, calving week and 5 weeks after calving. the peripartum had a significant effect [calving (p < ... | 2014 | 24699772 |
| molecular cloning of ra-shspi, a novel member of the hsp20 family from rhipicephalus annulatus salivary glands. | infestation of cattle by ticks of rhipicephalus spp. results in severe veterinary and economical losses. identification of novel proteins from tick salivary glands will enhance our understanding of several aspects of tick physiology and will aid in the development of anti-tick vaccines. small heat shock proteins (hsps) have important roles in infection and immunity, especially between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts while initially performing their molecular chaperone activity. here, we ... | 2014 | 24625965 |
| calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle. | cattle ticks are responsible for great economic losses in cattle farming worldwide, and their main control method, chemicals, has been showing problems, whether resulting from the development of resistant strains of ticks or environmental contamination. research studies directed toward developing vaccines against ticks are emerging. one way to evaluate those vaccines is to calculate the percentage of efficacy. the aim of this study was to analyze scientific publications archived in pubmed that u ... | 2014 | 24473884 |
| comparison of tick resistance of crossbred senepol × limousin to purebred limousin cattle. | the comparison of resistance to natural tick infestation by rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1887) of crossbred senepol × limousin and purebred limousin cattle was investigated. the senepol breed, originated from st croix island in the caribbean is considered as a bos taurus breed adapted to tropical conditions. despite its b. taurus genetic background, it is believed to have a good tick resistance, but this resistance has never been assessed previously. tick counts under natural infestation ... | 2014 | 24366717 |
| acaricide and ivermectin resistance in a field population of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) in the mexican tropics. | in the neotropics the control of tick infestations in red deer (cervus elaphus) is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. in mexico, resistance to one or multiple classes of acaricides has been reported in rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle, but information on acaricide susceptibility in r. microplus infesting red deer is lacking. in this study we report the level of resistance to different classes of acaricides and ivermectin in r. microplus collected f ... | 2014 | 24365245 |
| in vitro acaricidal efficacy of plant extracts from brazilian flora and isolated substances against rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the tick rhipicephalus microplus causes significant losses in livestock cattle and has developed increasing resistance to the primary acaricides that are used to treat these infections. the objective of this study was to identify new biomolecules or isolated substances showing acaricidal activity from plants. larval packet tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of 11 species of plants and three isolated substances (betulinic acid, eugenol, and nerolidol) on r. microplus. an adult female im ... | 2014 | 24221889 |
| acaricide activity of different extracts from piper tuberculatum fruits against rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus is the main tick that affects cattle. plant bioactive molecules can be used to control this ectoparasite. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of piper tuberculatum fruit extracts obtained with different solvents on r. microplus larvae and engorged females. hexane, ethyl ether, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of p. tuberculatum fruits were evaluated. after extraction, all of the extracts were dried. adult immersion tests and larval packet tests w ... | 2014 | 24221883 |
| epidemiology of ixodid ticks in cattle population of various agro-climatic zones of punjab, india. | to determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agro-climatic zones of punjab state, india. | 2013 | 24144025 |
| cellular responses to rhipicephalus microplus infestations in pre-sensitised cattle with differing phenotypes of infestation. | the blue tick, rhipicephalus microplus, threatens cattle production in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions are thought to cause nguni cattle to be more resistant to r. microplus than bonsmara cattle yet the cellular mechanisms responsible for these differences have not been classified. tick counts and inflammatory cell infiltrates in skin biopsies from feeding sites of adult r. microplus ticks were determined in 9-month-old nguni and bonsmara ... | 2014 | 24057115 |
| identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks (acari: ixodidae) of northeast india by its2 and 16s rdna sequences and morphological analysis. | to investigate and identify the ticks prevalent in the north east part of india, scanning electron microscope (sem) and dna sequence of nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) were used. based on the morphological and molecular analysis, the ticks infesting cattle of north east india were found to be rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa. its2 and 16s rdna sequence from r. (b.) microplus and h. bispinosa were amplifie ... | 2014 | 23990074 |
| lesser protein degradation machinery correlates with higher bm86 tick vaccine efficacy in rhipicephalus annulatus when compared to rhipicephalus microplus. | infestations with cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus annulatus, economically impact cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. vaccines containing the recombinant r. microplus bm86 gut antigen were developed and commercialized to induce an immunological protection in cattle against tick infestations. these vaccines demonstrated that tick control by vaccination is cost-effective, reduces environmental contamination and prevents the selecti ... | 2013 | 23973246 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide mixtures for the control of resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the mexican tropics. | a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) mixtures, through in vitro laboratory bioassays and in vivo on-animal efficacy trials, for the control of resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on cattle in the mexican tropics. also, to examine mechanisms of resistance to cypermethrin in this tick population, the frequency of a mutated sodium channel gene (f1550i) was determined using a pcr assay. results of laboratory bioassays using m ... | 2013 | 23948559 |
| resistance of beef cattle of two genetic groups to ectoparasites and gastrointestinal nematodes in the state of são paulo, brazil. | the resistance to infestations by ectoparasites and infections by gastrointestinal nematodes was studied in 45 animals (males and females) of two genetic groups: purebred nelore (ni, n=28) and three-cross (1/2 angus+1/4 canchim+1/4 nelore - tc, n=17). the animals were monitored for 24 months, during which they were left to graze in tropical pastures without receiving treatment for parasites. each month the animals were examined for infestations by external parasites, to count the numbers of catt ... | 2013 | 23916059 |
| susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) to pyrethroids and their associations in pernambuco, brazil. | the synthetic pyrethroids and their associations have been widely used for controlling rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the frequent use of acaricides has been inducing the development of resistance in the tick populations. the aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of r. (b.) microplus populations to pyrethroids and their associations in the region of garanhuns, pernambuco, brazil. in addition, the level of information among farm owners regarding tick control measures was invest ... | 2013 | 23856731 |
| first record of the pantropical blue tick rhipicephalus microplus in namibia. | the invasive pantropical blue tick, rhipicephalus microplus, has recently been collected from cattle in namibia. a cross-sectional study aimed at recording the geographic distribution of rhipicephalus decoloratus and establishing whether r. microplus is present in namibia was conducted towards the end of summer (march-april) 2013. ticks were collected from cattle on 18 privately owned farms across a large geographical scale. ticks were collected from three to five cattle per farm and species bel ... | 2013 | 23851930 |
| effects of macrocyclic lactones on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle. | the present study therefore assessed the deleterious effects of mls (ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin and moxidectin) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that naturally detached from experimentally infested cattle in two experiments. the following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in oviposition, percentage of reduction in hatchabil ... | 2013 | 23792004 |
| displacement of rhipicephalus decoloratus by rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the eastern cape province, south africa. | the objective of the study was to establish to what extent the native tick species rhipicephalus decoloratus has been displaced by the invasive introduced tick, rhipicephalus microplus at two communally grazed areas in the eastern cape province, south africa. to this end ticks were collected monthly from five cattle over a period of 2 years and from 10 drag-samples of the vegetation over a period of 1 year at each locality. whereas 10 years previously only r. decoloratus and no r. microplus had ... | 2013 | 23771510 |
| the effects of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % on populations of rhipicephalus decoloratus and rhipicephalus microplus both on and off bovine (bonsmara breed) hosts. | the present study demonstrated the efficacy of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % (drastic deadline extreme®) against rhipicephalus decoloratus and rhipicephalus microplus on cattle on pasture previously grazed by experimentally infested animals. six tick-free cattle were placed on the pasture and treated 7 days later (day 0) with the pour-on. they were retreated on days 63, 126 and 189 and monthly tick counts were done. mean numbers of adult r. decoloratus and/or r. mic ... | 2013 | 23749085 |
| in vitro assessment of the acaricidal activity of computer-selected analogues of carvacrol and salicylic acid on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a tick that causes huge economic losses in cattle. the indiscriminate use of acaricides has generated resistance to most compounds present on the market. this makes further investigation on other potential acaricides necessary, the in silico assay being an alternative to the design of new compounds. in the present study a biosilico assay was performed using tomocomd-cardd (topological molecular computer design-computer-aided rational drug design) and weka ( ... | 2013 | 23543288 |
| determination of acaricide resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) field populations of argentina, south africa, and australia with the larval tarsal test. | infestations with ticks have an important economic impact on the cattle industry worldwide and resistance to acaricides has become a widespread phenomenon. to optimize their treatment strategy, farmers need to know if and against which classes potential acaricide-resistance does occur. bioassays are used to assess the resistance level and pattern of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations. the objective of the current study was to assess the susceptibility of field populations originatin ... | 2013 | 23540121 |
| efficacy of strychnos spinosa (lam.) and solanum incanum l. aqueous fruit extracts against cattle ticks. | the efficacy of solanum incanum and strychnos spinosa aqueous fruit extracts was evaluated against cattle ticks in on-station experiments and laboratory tick bioassays. in the on-station experiment using cattle, fruit extracts were applied at three concentrations 5, 10, and 20 % (w/v) and compared with a commercial acaricide, tickbuster (amitraz) spray (positive control) and no treatment (negative control). the treatments were applied at weekly intervals for 6 weeks as surface sprays on 32 masho ... | 2013 | 23456785 |
| cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to rhipicephalus tick larval antigens in pre-sensitized cattle. | nguni cattle are known to be more resistant to ticks than bonsmara cattle, even if the immunological mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not fully understood. cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to unfed larval extracts (ule) of the ticks rhipicephalus decoloratus and rhipicephalus microplus were investigated in nguni and bonsmara cattle to improve knowledge on the immunity to ticks. hypersensitivity reactions were induced by intradermal inoculation of 0.1ml of ule of r. decoloratus ... | 2013 | 23453577 |
| influence of the physiological state on infestation by rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cows. | the purpose of this study was to identify the influence of physiological state, season, breed, number of lactations, dairy productivity, and stocking rate on infestation by rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cows. two hundred cows were selected through proportional representative sampling at the seropédica experimental station (pesagro-rio), brazil. fully or partially engorged r. microplus females measuring between 4.5 and 8.0mm were counted on the right side of each animal. the tick infestation p ... | 2013 | 23238247 |
| acaricidal properties of ricinus communis leaf extracts against organophosphate and pyrethroids resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | indian cattle ticks have developed resistance to commonly used acaricides and an attempt has been made to formulate an ecofriendly herbal preparation for the control of acaricide resistant ticks. a 95% ethanolic extract of ricinus communis was used to test the efficacy against reference acaricide resistant lines by in vitro assay. in in vitro assay, the extract significantly affects the mortality rate of ticks in dose-dependent manner ranging from 35.0 ± 5.0 to 95.0 ± 5.0% with an additional eff ... | 2013 | 23084038 |
| bovine immunoprotection against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus with recombinant bm86-campo grande antigen. | the southern cattle fever tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is no doubt the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle globally. the inappropriate use of chemical acaricides has driven the evolution of resistance in populations of r. (b.) microplus. anti-tick vaccines represent a technology that can be combined with acaricides in integrated control programs to mitigate the impact of r. (b.) microplus. the recombinant form of bm86 antigen from the campo grande (rbm86-cg) strain o ... | 2012 | 23070436 |
| principal component analysis on the perceptions of milk producers about rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus control in minas gerais. | milk producers in lavras, passos and divinópolis, minas gerais, were interviewed with the aim of evaluating their perceptions and attitudes regarding control over rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. multivariate correlation between the variables was done by means of principal component analysis. the producers' perceptions and attitudes regarding r. (b.) microplus were similar: most of them did not have any basic knowledge of tick biology or control, and they applied acaricide products through b ... | 2012 | 23070431 |
| efficacy of hyalomma scupense (hd86) antigen against hyalomma excavatum and h. scupense tick infestations in cattle. | the rhipicephalus microplus recombinant bm86-based tick vaccines have shown their efficacy for the control of several hyalomma cattle ticks genera, namely h. dromedarii and h. anatolicum. however, h. scupense species, the most important tick in north africa has never been studied. vaccination trials using either a recombinant bm86-based vaccine or a recombinant hd86-based vaccine (the bm86 ortholog in h. scupense) were conducted in cattle against immature and adult h. scupense ticks and adult h. ... | 2012 | 23036501 |
| tick control practices in burkina faso and acaricide resistance survey in rhipicephalus (boophilus) geigyi (acari: ixodidae). | traditional systems account for 95 % of the livestock produced in burkina faso. tick infestation hampers livestock productivity in this area. however, little information exists on tick-control practices used by livestock farmers. we interviewed 60 stockbreeders working in traditional farming systems to obtain the first data on tick-control practices. sixteen farmers (27 %) did not use conventional practices: seven removed ticks by hand or plastered cattle with dung or engine oil; nine farmers tr ... | 2013 | 22968469 |
| acaricidal action of destruxins produced by a marine-derived beauveria felina on the bovine tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the increasing resistance of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick to commercial insecticides requires alternative methods for the control of this cattle plague. the enthomopathogenic fungus beauveria felina produces destruxins in culture media, cyclic depsipeptides which display an array of biological activities. the present investigation aimed to evaluate the acaricide action of destruxins isolated from b. felina culture media on r. (b.) microplus engorged females. b. felina was grown in mf ... | 2012 | 22955115 |
| [survey on ticks and detection of new bunyavirus in some vect in the endemic areas of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (ftls) in henan province]. | to investigate the distribution, species, seasonal fluctuation of ticks and detect new bunyavirus in some hematophagus in the endemic areas of fever thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (ftls) in henan province. | 2012 | 22943894 |
| resistance to cypermethrin and amitraz in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on the santa catarina plateau, brazil. | with the objective of evaluating rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus resistance to cipermetrina and amitraz, were collected engorged tick females from cattle on 20 farms on the santa catarina plateau, in southern brazil, between january of 2004 and may of 2006. were also received 20 groups of engorged r. (b.) microplus females, collected by cattle farmers requesting acaricidal efficacy (ae) testing. were performed in vitro tests, which consisted of immersing engorged females in cypermethrin (0.0 ... | 2013 | 22832753 |
| ivermectin resistance status and factors associated in rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) populations from veracruz, mexico. | the objectives of the present study were to (1) determine the status of resistance or susceptibility to ivermectin (ivm) in rhipicephalus microplus tick populations in veracruz, mexico, (2) determine the level of resistance (resistance ratios [rr] and lethal concentrations for 50% [lc(50)] and 99% [lc(99)]) mortality in each r. microplus population, and (3) identify factors associated with resistance. populations of r. microplus were sampled from 53 cattle farms to evaluate their resistance usin ... | 2012 | 22785128 |
| investigations into ixodidae ticks in cattle in lahore, pakistan. | a total of 2,160 cattle, comprising adults and calves of exotic, crossbred and indigenous breeds, were examined for tick infestation between 1996 and 2000. of these, 1 417 (65.6%) were infested with ticks, with a total of 220 (61%) from exotic breeds, 262 (72%) were crossbred and 172 (48%) were indigenous adult cattle. calves of exotic, crossbred and indigenous breeds were infested with ticks at the following rates: 246 (68%), 294 (82%) and 223 (62%), respectively. higher infestation levels were ... | 2013 | 22718335 |
| exploring the use of an anti-tick vaccine as a tool for the integrated eradication of the cattle fever tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus. | bovine babesiosis, also known as cattle fever, is a tick-borne protozoal disease foreign to the united states. it was eradicated by eliminating the vector species, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, through the efforts of the cattle fever tick eradication program (cftep), with the exception of a permanent quarantine zone (pqz) in south texas along the border with mexico. keeping the u.s. free of cattle fever ticks in a sustainable manner is a critical na ... | 2012 | 22687762 |
| esterase profile of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations collected from northern india exhibiting varied susceptibility to deltamethrin. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is an economically important ectoparasite of cattle. chemical acaricides remain the most practical method for control of these pests. during past two decades there have been increasing reports of resistance development against synthetic pyrethroids in tick populations of this species throughout the world. a study was conducted to determine the level of susceptibility of r. (b.) microplus to deltamethrin collected from different geographical locations of northe ... | 2012 | 22669281 |
| phylogenetic analysis of benign theileria species based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) genes from ticks of grazing cattle in korea. | complete major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) gene sequences of benign theileria parasites were isolated from ticks of grazing cattle in korea. a total of 556 tick samples were collected in five provinces: chungbuk, jeonbuk, jeonnam, gyeongbuk, and jeju during 2010-2011. fifteen samples from chungbuk and jeonnam were positive for the theileria mpsp gene by pcr amplification using a specific primer set. a phylogenetic tree was constructed with the amplified gene sequences and 26 additional sequ ... | 2012 | 22647464 |
| association between ecological factors and the presence of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae in puerto rico. | a prevalence study was conducted to survey tick larvae populations in puerto rico (pr), compare the number of infested sites with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae between the wet and dry season, and assess the associations of ecologic factors on the presence of r. microplus larvae. ninety-six sites were selected using a gis-based sampling method. each site was sampled twice; the first sampling was performed during the dry season (march 4-18, 2007) and the second sampling during the wet ... | 2012 | 22638941 |
| differential recognition by tick-resistant cattle of the recombinantly expressed rhipicephalus microplus serine protease inhibitor-3 (rms-3). | rhipicephalus microplus is an important bovine ectoparasite, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world causing large economic losses to the cattle industry. its success as an ectoparasite is associated with its capacity to disarm the antihemostatic and anti-inflammatory reactions of the host. serpins are protease inhibitors with an important role in the modulation of host-parasite interactions. the cdna that encodes for a r. microplus serpin was isolated by race and sub ... | 2012 | 22608113 |
| deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of india. | a cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of synthetic pyrethroids (sp) resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in india. twenty-seven areas located in six agro-climatic regions were selected for the collection of engorged ticks using two stage stratified sampling procedure. adult immersion test (ait) and larval packet test (lpt) were optimized using laboratory reared susceptible line of r.(b.) microplus (ivri-i) for determination of 95% lethal concentration (lc(95 ... | 2012 | 22541585 |
| resistance of rhipicephalus microplus to amitraz and cypermethrin in tropical cattle farms in veracruz, mexico. | the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence and factors associated with rhipicephalus microplus , resistant to cypermethrin and amitraz, from cattle farms in veracruz, mexico, and (2) to determine in vitro mortality percentages of field populations of r. microplus exposed to discriminating doses (dd) of cypermethrin and amitraz. fifty-three populations of r. microplus were tested by bioassays using dd of cypermethrin (0.05%) and amitraz (0.0002%). the prevalence of cattle ... | 2012 | 22524292 |
| expression and functional characterization of boophilin, a thrombin inhibitor from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus midgut. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is an ectoparasite responsible for an important decrease in meat, milk and leather production, caused both by cattle blood loss and by the transmission of anaplasmosis and babesiosis. r. microplus is a rich source of serine protease inhibitors, including the trypsin inhibitors bmti-a and bmti-6, the subtilisin inhibitor bmsi, and the recently described thrombin inhibitor, boophilin. boophilin is a double kunitz-type thrombin inhibitor, with the unusual ability ... | 2012 | 22341830 |
| new foci of rhipicephalus microplus in west africa. | the invasive character of rhipicephalus microplus was observed in benin, the second west-african country from which this ticks species has been collected after the initial confirmed record in ivory coast in 2007. a cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of mono to examine the presence of the tick r. microplus. the survey covered 9 herds (villages) in an agro-ecological zone inhabited by agro-pastoralists, including the state farm of kpinnou that imported girolando cattle from br ... | 2012 | 22286115 |
| ticks on pastures and on two breeds of cattle in the eastern cape province, south africa. | many studies on the population dynamics of questing ticks on pastures and of parasitic ticks on cattle have been conducted. few, however, have attempted to link the two in a single study. this study aimed to assess the population dynamics of questing ixodid ticks on pastures and of adult ticks on two breeds of cattle with different levels of susceptibility to tick infestation on the same pastures. between january 2005 and december 2009 questing ixodid ticks were collected monthly from natural pa ... | 2011 | 23327215 |
| ticks on buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | some tick species have been described parasitizing buffaloes, but reports from brazil are rare. this study aimed to ascertain the species of ticks that parasitize buffaloes in the state of rio de janeiro. seventeen farm properties were visited between june 2008 and december 2009, and buffaloes were inspected in relation to infestation. the ticks were identified and a semi-structured questionnaire on parasitism and treatment against ticks was filled out through interviews with the owners. the spe ... | 2012 | 23070448 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | detection of resistance levels against deltamethrin and cypermethrin in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from jammu (india) was carried out using larval packet test (lpt). the results showed the presence of resistance level ii and i against deltamethrin and cypermethrin, respectively. adult immersion test (ait) and lpt were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant adults and larvae ... | 2015 | 26071101 |
| acaricidal activity of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using calotropis gigantea against rhipicephalus microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa. | to assess the acaricidal activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) synthesized from flower aqueous extract of calotropis gigantea(c. gigantea) against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus [r. (b.) microplus] and the adult of haemaphysalis bispinosa (h. bispinosa). | 2013 | 23827143 |
| effect of ethanolic extract of capsicum frutescens l. on adult female of rhipicephalus microplus (ixodidae). | this study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of capsicum frutescens l. (solanaceae), colloquially known as malagueta pepper, on egg production and hatching rate of larvae of rhipicephalus microplus. plant samples were collected in montes claros, minas gerais, brazil. selected mature fruits were washed, dehydrated in a forced air oven at 40 ± 5 °c to constant weight. the material was incubated in absolute ethanol during 10 days, and the extract was filtered, dried, and stored in amber vial ... | 2014 | 24496493 |
| chemical composition and acaricide activity of an essential oil from a rare chemotype of cinnamomum verum presl on rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the essential oils (eos) from the leaves of species cinnamomum verum j. presl are used in the pharmaceutical industry for their numerous biological activities. currently, the main compound of c. verum eo is eugenol which has acaricidal activity; however, a rare chemotype with benzyl benzoate as the main component can be found. benzyl benzoate is recognized as an acaricide; however, studies of the c. verum eos benzyl benzoate chemotype on rhipicephalus microplus were not reported. the aim of this ... | 2017 | 28342670 |
| in vitro and in vivo acaricide action of juvenoid analogs produced from the chemical modification of cymbopogon spp. and corymbia citriodora essential oil on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal action of the chemically modified essential oil of cymbopogon spp. and corymbia citriodora on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. citronellal was converted into n-butylcitronellylamine and in n-prop-2-inylcitronellylamine, analogs of juvenoids, by reductive amination using butylamine (n1 to n3) and propargylamine (n4 to n7). in vitro assays included the adult immersion, and larval packet tests. engorged females were weighed in groups of 10 and ... | 2014 | 25085774 |
| seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in northeast india. | resurgence of scrub typhus was reported in northeast india in 2010 after a gap of 67 years since world war ii. however, the presence of other rickettsial infections remained unknown from this region. a seroepidemiological investigation was undertaken in the scrub typhus affected areas from 2013-2015 in assam, arunachal pradesh and nagaland to assess the exposure to other rickettsial diseases besides scrub typhus. | 2016 | 27618917 |
| efficacy of 11 brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the effects of oils extracted from curcuma longa, zingiber officinale, lippia alba, lippia gracilis, lippia origanoides, lippia sid ... | 2016 | 26867819 |
| identification of potential plant extracts for anti-tick activity against acaricide resistant cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | to develop an eco-friendly tick control method, seven plant extracts were prepared using 50 and 95% ethanol and evaluated for acaricidal activity against cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the adult immersion test was adopted for testing different extracts. based on 72 h screening criterion, 95% ethanolic extracts of datura metel fruits and argemone mexicana whole plant were found effective showing more than 50% mortality of treated ticks. the 95% ethanolic extracts of d. metel fr ... | 2015 | 25717008 |
| in vitro acaricidal properties of semecarpus anacardium fruit and datura stramonium leaf extracts against acaricide susceptible (ivri-i line) and resistant (ivri-v line) rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in an attempt to identify plants having anti-tick properties, the 95% ethanolic and 50% hydro-ethanolic extracts of the fruits of semecarpus anacardium and leaves of datura stramonium were evaluated against reference tick lines of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the 95% ethanolic extracts of s. anacardium and d. stramonium caused 50% and 20% mortality, respectively, within 72 h of treatment by adult immersion test. the lc90 value of the ethanolic fruit extract of s. anacardium was determine ... | 2015 | 26267092 |
| ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of sri lanka with new host records. | an island-wide collection of tick species infesting humans, domesticated and wild animals and questing ticks in domestic and peridomestic environments was carried out during 2009-2011. a total of 30,461 ticks were collected from 30 different hosts and free living stages from the ground. the collection consisted of 22 tick species from 30 different hosts recording 12 tick species from humans, 19 from domesticated animals and 21 from wild animals, with a total of 97 new host records. the most comm ... | 2015 | 25445744 |
| acaricidal activity of methanol extract of acmella oleracea l. (asteraceae) and spilanthol on rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae). | we evaluated the acaricidal activity of acmella oleracea methanol extract and spilanthol on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens. the extract was made through maceration with methanol. from this extract, a dichloromethane fraction with 99% spilanthol was obtained and tested on r. microplus larvae and engorged females and d. nitens larvae. for evaluation against larvae, the modified larval packet test was used, and both the methanol extract and dichloromethane fraction were tested at co ... | 2016 | 27692316 |
| repellent activity of eugenol on larvae of rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae). | the repellent activity of eugenol was evaluated on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens larvae in a bioassay based on the vertical migration of these tick larvae during the host-seek phase. solutions were used at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl/ml and a control only with the solvent ethanol 50 gl. the larvae's reaction of climbing the rods of filter paper was observed each hour for 12 h and once more at 24 h. the repellence was calculated as a percentage through visual esti ... | 2013 | 23636308 |
| assessment of the acaricidal activity of carvacrol, (e)-cinnamaldehyde, trans-anethole, and linalool on larvae of rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae). | the acaricidal activity of carvacrol, (e)-cinnamaldehyde, trans-anethole, and linalool was studied on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens larvae. all the substances were tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 μl/ml, with 10 repetitions per treatment. the modified larval packet technique was employed in the tests and the mortality was evaluated after 24 h. in the groups treated with carvacrol, the lowest concentration (2.5 μl/ml) was sufficient to cause 100% death o ... | 2013 | 23354938 |
| chemical composition and acaricidal activity of essential oil from lippia sidoides on larvae of dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae) and larvae and engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of this work was to identify the compounds and to investigate the acaricidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of lippia sidoides on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens. the oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (gc/fid) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. in total, 15 compounds comprising 99.97 % of the total peak area were identified. the main constituent of the essential oil was thymol (67.60 %). the acaricidal activity w ... | 2012 | 22983219 |
| acaricidal activity of eugenol on rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae) larvae. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of eugenol, with different solubilizations and concentrations, on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens larvae and to determine the lethal time. the study consisted of four experiments, and the mortality was assessed using the larval packet test with adaptations. the mortality observed in the first experiment was 100 % for all the groups treated with eugenol solubilized in different solvents. in the second, the hydroethanolic ... | 2012 | 22622689 |
| expression pattern of suba in different tissues and blood-feeding status in haemaphysalis flava. | tick-borne-diseases (tbd) pose a huge threat to the health of both humans and animals worldwide. tick vaccines constitute an attractive alternative for tick control, due to their cost-efficiency and environmental-friendliness. subolesin, a protective antigen against ticks, is reported to be a promising candidate for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. however, the entire length of its gene, suba, and its gene expression pattern in different tissues and blood-feeding status (or different ... | 2016 | 27631766 |
| molecular survey of hard ticks in endemic areas of tick-borne diseases in china. | over the past several years, there was a substantial increase in the number of cases of known and novel tick-borne infections in humans in china. to better understand the ticks associated with these infections, we collected hard ticks from animals or around livestock shelters in 29 localities in 5 provinces (beijing, henan, hubei, inner mongolia, and zhejiang) where cases of tick-borne illness were reported. we collected 2950 hard ticks representing 7 species of 4 genera (dermacentor sinicus, ha ... | 2013 | 23538111 |
| immunogenic potential of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus aquaporin 1 against rhipicephalus sanguineus in domestic dogs. | this study evaluated a recombinant aquaporin 1 protein of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (rmaqp1) as antigen in a vaccine against r. sanguineus. five dogs were immunized with rmaqp1 (10 µg) + adjuvant (montanide) (g1), and five were inoculated with adjuvant only (g2), three times. twenty-one days after the last immunization, animals of both groups were challenged with r. sanguineus larvae, nymphs and adults, and their biotic potential was compared. blood samples were collected before each i ... | 2017 | 28225856 |
| management and control of parasites on dairy farms in northwestern region of são paulo state. | dairy cattle farming is of great economic and social importance in all brazilian's regions. parasites can reduce milk productivity, especially the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. this study consisted of a questionnaire answered by 40 milk producers in the northwestern region of the state of são paulo. the aim was to ascertain how these producers controlled ticks and other parasites. very many of them knew nothing about the biological cycle of the cattle tick or about strategic control ... | 2016 | 27580398 |
| new insights from molecular characterization of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in brazil. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus complex currently consists of five taxa, namely r. australis, r. annulatus, r. (b.) microplus clade a sensu, r. microplus clade b sensu, and r. (b.) microplus clade c sensu. mitochondrial dna-based methods help taxonomists when they are facing the morpho-taxonomic problem of distinguishing members of the r. (b.) microplus complex. the purpose of this study was to perform molecular characterization of ticks in all five regions of brazil and infer their phyl ... | 2016 | 27579530 |
| bmti-a, a kunitz type inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus able to interfere in vessel formation. | rhipicephalus microplus is an ectoparasite responsible for transmissions of babesiosis and anaplasmosis causing large losses to livestock production. to survive r. microplus tick produces several active molecules, such as protease inhibitors. this ectoparasite has been described as a rich source of serine protease inhibitors most of them are kunitz-bpti members named bmtis which have no clear function yet. in the present work, we described the expression and functional characterization of rbmti- ... | 2016 | 26921038 |
| ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus ehrlichia isolated from the tick rhipicephalus microplus. | recently, we obtained a rickettsial isolate (ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev) from the hemolymph of rhipicephalus microplus engorged tick females. on the basis of maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using 16s rrna, groel, dsb, glta and trp36 nucleotide sequences we showed that ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev belongs to the α-proteobacteria, family anaplasmataceae, genus ehrlichia. ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev is a sister taxa of e. canis with 16s rrna, groel, dsb, glta and trp36 nucleotide sequence similarity of 98.3 ... | 2016 | 26763978 |
| cross-resistance between fipronil and lindane in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), is one of the most damaging parasites of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. several chemical groups have been used for its control, including cyclodienes (lindane and dieldrin). in uruguay and brazil these products were used at the beginning of the 1960s and during a few years. fipronil and lindane act on the same target site. in both countries, southern cattle tick resistance to fipronil has sometimes developed ... | 2015 | 25868846 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of murraya koenigii (l.) spreng (rutaceae) extracts against synthetic pyrethroid-resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | larval packet test was used for detection of resistance status against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from faridkot district, punjab (india). the slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50 % (lc50) and resistance levels were determined from the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of increasing concentrations of cypermethrin and deltamethrin. results indicated p ... | 2015 | 25633856 |
| genetic parameters and investigation of genotype × environment interactions in nellore × hereford crossbred for resistance to cattle ticks in different regions of brazil. | data from 6,156 nellore × hereford crossbred cattle, distributed in 18 herds located in the brazilian states of mato grosso do sul (ms), são paulo (sp), paraná (pr) and rio grande do sul (rs), were analysed in order to investigate genetic variation for resistance to the cattle tick through the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters for counting ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) in natural infestation, and also a possible genotype × environment interaction. the tick co ... | 2015 | 25108748 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus resistant to acaricides and ivermectin in cattle farms of mexico. | ticks and the diseases they transmit cause great economic losses to livestock in tropical countries. non-chemical control alternatives include the use of resistant cattle breeds, biological control and vaccines. however, the most widely used method is the application of different chemical classes of acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. populations of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, resistant to organophosphates (op), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), amitraz and fipronil have bee ... | 2014 | 25054487 |
| in vitro establishment of ivermectin-resistant rhipicephalus microplus cell line and the contribution of abc transporters on the resistance mechanism. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most economically damaging livestock ectoparasites, and its widespread resistance to acaricides is a considerable challenge to its control. in this scenario, the establishment of resistant cell lines is a useful approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of acaricide resistance, to identify drug resistance markers, and to develop new acaricides. this study describes the establishment of an ivermectin (ivm)-resistant r. ... | 2014 | 24956999 |
| esterase mediated resistance against synthetic pyrethroids in field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in punjab districts of india. | detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (sp), in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from thirteen districts of punjab (india) was carried out using adult immersion test. the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of concentrations of drugs were utilized for the determination of slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (lc50), 95% (lc95) and resistance factor (rf). on t ... | 2014 | 24927858 |
| acaricidal activity of cymbopogon winterianus, vitex negundo and withania somnifera against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (sps) against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from moga, punjab (india) was carried out using larval packet test. results indicated the presence of resistance of level i and iii against cypermethrin (resistance factors (rf) = 4.67) and deltamethrin (rf = 34.2), respectively. adult immersion test was used to assess the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extrac ... | 2014 | 24178747 |
| streptomyces sp. lk3 mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its biomedical application. | in the present study, the marine actinobacteria mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was achieved using streptomyces sp lk3. the synthesized agnps showed the characteristic absorption spectra in uv-vis at 420 nm, which confirmed the presence of nanoparticles. xrd analysis showed intense peaks at 2θ values of 27.51°, 31.87°, 45.57°, 56.56°, 66.26°, and 75.25° corresponding to (210), (113), (124), (240), (226), and (300) bragg's reflection based on the fcc structure of agnps. the ... | 2014 | 23771163 |
| diagnosis of amitraz resistance in brazilian populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) with larval immersion test. | among the ectoparasites of cattle, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) remains a major cause of economic losses to livestock. the chemical control with acaricides is still the most efficient method available to control ticks. the aims of this study were to diagnose resistance to amitraz in 16 tick populations from the states of são paulo (14) and paraná (2), using the larval immersion technique (lit), and evaluate the effect of synergists [piperonyl butoxide (pbo), ... | 2013 | 23620418 |
| use of the larval tarsal test to determine acaricide resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus brazilian field populations. | acaricide resistance of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is widespread in most of the countries where this parasite is present. bioassays are used to diagnose the level and pattern of resistance in tick populations. in the present study, we describe a detailed protocol of the larval tarsal test (ltt) using simplified equipment and data on the resistance of 17 tick field populations originating from 5 brazilian states. nine acaricidal compounds from 5 major classes were tested: ... | 2013 | 23059136 |
| abc transporters as a multidrug detoxification mechanism in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are responsible for pumping drugs across membranes and are an important drug detoxification mechanism. since abc transporters act on a wide spectrum of chemical compounds, they have been associated with multidrug resistance phenotype in various parasites and cancer cells. here, we document the presence of a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick population (jaguar) resistant to four acaricide classes (organophosphates (op), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), am ... | 2012 | 22926678 |