| [lymphatic filariasis in belém, pará state, north of brazil and the perspective of elimination]. | the objective was to characterize the epidemiological situation of lymphatic filariasis in belém, state of pará. hemoscopic data was analyzed from 1951 through 2003. information for the period from 1951 to 1994 was collected from reports available from the national health foundation. data from 1995 to 2003 was obtained through surveys carried out in 62 city sectors, within the eight administrative districts of the city. an appreciable drop in the microfilaraemic rates was observed over the years ... | 2005 | 15821786 |
| synthesis and activity of substituted anthraquinones against a human filarial parasite, brugia malayi. | lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) is a global public health problem caused by the parasitic nematodes wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. we have previously reported anthraquinones from daylily roots with potent activity against pathogenic trematode schistosoma mansoni. here we report the synthesis of novel anthraquinones a-s and their antifilrarial activity. anthraquinones a-s were synthesized by a single-step friedel-crafts acylation reaction between phthalic anhydrides and substituted ... | 2005 | 15828820 |
| pattern of community compliance with spaced, single-dose, mass administrations of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin, for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from rural areas of southern india. | current programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf) are largely based on annual mass administrations of single doses of antifilarial drugs. the level and pattern of compliance by the target population are important determinants of the success of such mass drug administrations (mda). community compliance was therefore investigated during a study in southern india of the effects, on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and transmission, of spaced mda based on diethylcarbamazine (dec) or iver ... | 2005 | 15829133 |
| situation analysis in a large urban area of india, prior to launching a programme of mass drug administrations to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | the main strategy now adopted for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) is based on mass drug administrations (mda). annual administration of antifilarial drugs to 65%-80% of the population at risk of the disease is believed to be necessary if lf is to be eliminated, at least as a public-health problem, within a reasonable time-frame. to facilitate the development of drug-delivery strategies that are sufficient to ensure such high treatment coverages in large urban areas, a situation anal ... | 2005 | 15829134 |
| bancroftian filariasis: patterns of vector abundance and transmission in two east african communities with different levels of endemicity. | intensive monitoring of wuchereria bancrofti vector abundance and transmission intensity was carried out in two communities, one with high-level endemicity for bancroftian filariasis (masaika, tanzania) and the other with low-level (kingwede, kenya), on the east african coast. mosquitoes were collected in light traps, from 50 randomly selected households in each community, once weekly for 1 year. they were identified, dissected and checked for parity and filarial larvae. anopheles gambiae s. l., ... | 2005 | 15829135 |
| structure of glutathione s-transferase of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti: a target for drug development against adult worm. | a three dimensional structural model of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) of the lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (wb) was constructed by homology modeling. the three dimensional x-ray crystal structure of porcine pi-class gst with pdb id: 2gsr-a chain protein with 42% sequential and functional homology was used as the template. the model of wbgst built by modeller6v2 was analyzed by the procheck programs. ramachandran plot analysis showed that 93.5% of the residues are in the core ... | 2005 | 15864673 |
| the effect of eight half-yearly single-dose treatments with dec on wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigenaemia. | the effect of eight half-yearly treatment rounds with diethylcarbamazine (dec; 6mg/kg bodyweight) on wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa), a marker of adult worm infection, was followed in 79 individuals who were cfa-positive before start of treatment. half of these were also microfilariae (mf)-positive. microfilaraemia decreased rapidly after onset of treatment and became undetectable after four treatments. circulating antigenaemia also decreased progressively, but a ... | 2005 | 15869771 |
| subconjunctival adult bancroftian filarial worm. | we report a case of live adult bancroftian filarial nematode removed from the sub conjunctival tissue of a 58-year-old woman from the temporal limbus of her left eye. | 2001 | 15887732 |
| ultrasonographic examination of haitian children with lymphatic filariasis: a longitudinal assessment in the context of antifilarial drug treatment. | to assess the clinical findings associated with detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti worms on ultrasound, 186 schoolchildren in a filariasis-endemic area of haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations. the filaria dance sign (fds) of adult w. bancrofti was detected in the inguinal and crural lymphatics of 28 (15%) children. fds detection was more common in older children (p = 0.003) and in those with a history of inguinal lymph node inflammation (p = 0.002) or crural lymphadeno ... | 2005 | 15891143 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of brazil: differences between genders during puberty. | gender differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases have been observed in various studies. a survey was performed in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area in the city of olinda, brazil. all residents aged 5 years or older were examined by thick blood film. people aged 9 to 16 years were interviewed and also tested for filarial antigenaemia. data were analyzed by contingency table methods and regression models. the risk of microfilaraemia for males was significantly higher. among those ag ... | 2005 | 15895172 |
| epidemiology of episodic adenolymphangitis: a longitudinal prospective surveillance among a rural community endemic for bancroftian filariasis in coastal orissa, india. | the epidemiological knowledge on acute condition of lymphatic filariasis is essential to understand the burden and issues on management of the disease. | 2005 | 15904537 |
| rotational application of bioinsecticide with deltamethrin-an antilarval measure for the control of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus (culicidae: diptera). | a laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the cyclic usage of field recommended doses of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), bacillus sphaericus (bsp) and combination of bti and bsp (half the recommended dose of each) with deltamethrin 2.8 ec to attain better control of mosquito larvae. to understand the susceptibility status of the culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the field, early fourth instar field collected larvae were exposed to the above treatments of biopesticides and were ... | 2004 | 15907070 |
| a focus of lymphatic filariasis in a tea garden worker community of central assam. | a survey for lymphatic filariasis was conducted among tea garden workers of central assam. of the 656 night blood samples examined, 31 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti parasite (microfilaria rate 4.7%). microfilaria rate was higher in male (7.3%) than females (2.1%). culex quinquefasciatus was incriminated as vector mosquito. | 2004 | 15907073 |
| [the history of lymphatic filarlasis control programme in french polynesia: lessons from a 50 years effort]. | with a mean prevalence of microfilariaemia superior to 15% in the four archipelagos of the territory french polynesia was confronted with a huge public health problem of wuchereria bancrofti - associated filarias during the 50s. supported by a strong us sponsoring, a large scale control campaign based on diethylcarbamazine (dec) distribution was launched and led to the method of spaced doses (the most useful protocol being one annual dec dose). progressively applied to the whole polynesian popul ... | 2005 | 15915973 |
| border and imported bancroftian filariases: baseline seroprevalence in sentinel populations exposed to infections with wuchereria bancrofti and concomitant hiv at the start of diethylcarbamazine mass treatment in thailand. | border bancroftian filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti nocturnally subperiodic mainly exists in karens residing alongside the thailand-myanmar border. imported bancroftian filariasis caused by w. bancrofti nocturnally periodic mainly exists in cross-border myanmar migrants. we analyzed seroprevalence data based on w. bancrofti adult worm antigen (ag) loads and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) immunoglobulins in the sentinel population samples which were studied prior to the start of the ... | 2005 | 15916046 |
| susceptibility of mansonia uniformis to brugia malayi microfilariae from infected domestic cat. | microfilariae of brugia malayi is transmitted to man and other susceptible hosts via mosquito. the transmission of b. malayi from cat to man by ma. uniformis bite has never been reported. the ma. uniformis mosquito is the normal vector for wuchereria bancrofti but has never been reported as a vector for b. malayi, or a susceptible host for the growth and development of the microfilariae of b. malayi. the purpose of this study was to examine the development of b. malayi in mansonia uniformis afte ... | 2005 | 15916051 |
| microfilaria in cervicovaginal smear. | | 2005 | 15924617 |
| case report and brief commentary: wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus co-infection in a refugee from sierra leone. | filarial infection is endemic in the tropics and is a public health problem in africa, asia, south and central america, and the pacific islands. co-infection with filarial nematodes, if unrecognized, can result in untoward therapeutic consequences. we report a case of co-infection of wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus that was diagnosed by direct blood smear (w. bancrofti ) and serology (o. volvulus) in a native of sierra leone. we comment briefly on the therapeutic implications of the ... | 2005 | 15943186 |
| residual spatial correlation between geographically referenced observations: a bayesian hierarchical modeling approach. | analytic methods commonly used in epidemiology do not account for spatial correlation between observations. in regression analyses, this omission can bias parameter estimates and yield incorrect standard error estimates. we present a bayesian hierarchical model (bhm) approach that accounts for spatial correlation, and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses by applying this modeling approach to data on wuchereria bancrofti infection in haiti. | 2005 | 15951672 |
| anti-wolbachia treatment for lymphatic filariasis. | | 2005 | 15964428 |
| macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. | wolbachia endosymbionts of filarial nematodes are vital for larval development and adult-worm fertility and viability. this essential dependency on the bacterium for survival of the parasites has provided a new approach to treat filariasis with antibiotics. we used this strategy to investigate the effects of doxycycline treatment on the major cause of lymphatic filariasis, wuchereria bancrofti. | 2005 | 15964448 |
| setaria digitata: identification and characterization of a hypodermally expressed sxp/ral2 protein. | sxp-1, an immunodominant filarial protein identified from wuchereria bancrofti from our centre and previously exploited for diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis, has been shown to be well conserved across several filarial species. in the present study, we describe the identification of sxp protein from the cattle filarid setaria digitata using antiserum raised against recombinant wbsxp-1, and were able to detect 34 and 66kda proteins from the crude protein extracts of s. digitata. these react ... | 2005 | 15979614 |
| diminished expression and function of tlr in lymphatic filariasis: a novel mechanism of immune dysregulation. | lymphatic filariasis is a disease characterized by immune dysregulation involving apc and t cell populations. to assess the contribution of tlr in mediating this dysregulation, we examined the expression of tlr1, tlr2, tlr4, and tlr9 on b cells and monocytes of filaria-infected and uninfected individuals. baseline expression of tlr was significantly lower in b cells but not in monocytes of the filaria-infected group compared with the uninfected group. upon stimulation with filarial ag, a diminis ... | 2005 | 16002719 |
| effects of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole treatment of bancroftian filariasis on parasite uptake and development in culex pipiens l. | we studied effects of combined diethylcarbamazine (dec) and albendazole (alb) treatment on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (mf) uptake and development of infective larvae (l3) in culex pipiens. consenting egyptian adults with microfilaremia (mf > 300/ml) were treated with one or seven daily doses of dec/alb. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed on subjects before and after treatment. mf uptake and infectivity (assessed by mosquito dissection) were reduced by 89.6% and 82.9%, respectively, 12 ... | 2005 | 16014844 |
| tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in haitian children. | this randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the tolerance, efficacy, and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment of intestinal helminths and lymphatic filariasis. children were infected with ascaris (30.7%), trichuris (53.4%), and hookworm (9.7%) with 69.9% having more than one of these parasites. a total of 15.8% of the children had wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. children were randomly assigned treatment with placebo, albendazole (alb), diethylcarbamazine (de ... | 2005 | 16014845 |
| genetic polymorphisms of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. | because eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) are critical in the pathogenesis of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), we analyzed genetic polymorphisms of both in 181 individuals from southern india with varying clinical manifestations of wuchereria bancrofti infection (including 26 with tpe). using haplotype frequency analysis, we identified four known (of nine) and two novel haplotypes for edn (1, 2, 7, 8, 10, and 11). for ecp, five (of seven known) haplo ... | 2005 | 16014847 |
| mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis: lack of evidence for collateral impact on transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in areas of co-endemicity. | there has long been interest in determining if mass ivermectin administration for onchocerciasis has 'unknowingly' interrupted lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission where the endemicity of the two diseases' overlaps. we studied 11 communities in central nigeria entomologically for lf by performing mosquito dissections on anopheline lf vectors. six of the communities studied were located within an onchocerciasis treatment zone, and five were located outside of that zone. communities inside the t ... | 2005 | 16022728 |
| an unusual association with carcinoma pancreas: a case report. | | 2005 | 16048509 |
| mass chemotherapy options to control lymphatic filariasis: a systematic review. | understanding the efficacy of microfilaricidal drugs is important in guiding the global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public-health problem. we did a systematic review of the available literature to determine which currently available drug intervention most effectively decreases circulating wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in individuals and populations. 57 randomised studies of drug efficacy were identified. data were combined and compared using weighted mean effec ... | 2005 | 16048720 |
| pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | a regional programme to combat lymphatic filariasis in the pacific islands is showing great promise as it reaches its halfway point. the pacific programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (pacelf), established in 1999, aims to eliminate the disease from the pacific by 2010 - ten years ahead of the global target. set up with support from australia, and now funded primarily by japan and underpinned by the word health organization, pacelf is providing evidence that pacific nations can work coopera ... | 2005 | 16099721 |
| is anthelmintic resistance a threat to the program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis? | | 2005 | 16103580 |
| detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations in the filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti and evidence for selection by albendazole and ivermectin combination treatment. | the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has been implemented to reduce human microfilaremia to levels low enough to break the transmission of the disease by using single annual doses of albendazole in combination with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. many veterinary helminth parasites have developed resistance against both albendazole and ivermectin. resistance to albendazole in veterinary nematodes is known to be caused by either of two single amino acid substitutions from phenyla ... | 2005 | 16103581 |
| detection and characterization of wolbachia infections in wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae) var. pacifica and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | despite control programs based on mass drug administration (mda) of microfilaricidal compounds, bancroftian lymphatic filariasis remains a problem in french polynesia. for an alternative strategy to mda, we investigated the potential role of wolbachia to control filarial transmission. wolbachia are intracellular alpha-proteobacteria endosymbionts that infect a broad range of insects and nematodes. these bacteria have a suspected role in the pathogenesis of filariasis. they also may be useful in ... | 2005 | 16103603 |
| [diagnostic tests: filaria]. | | 2005 | 16111250 |
| does longevity of adult wuchereria bancrofti increase with decreasing intensity of parasite transmission? insights from clinical observations. | to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, a parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis, mass treatment of at-risk populations with antifilarial drugs is recommended for 4-6 years, the minimum estimated adult worm lifespan. factors associated with adult worm longevity are unknown. in recife, brazil, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57 men whose adult w. bancrofti were not sensitive to diethylcarbamazine and who were followed with semi-annual physical examinations (to detect in ... | 2005 | 16165175 |
| effect of water resource development and management on lymphatic filariasis, and estimates of populations at risk. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease overwhelmingly caused by wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by various mosquito species. here, we present a systematic literature review with the following objectives: (i) to establish global and regional estimates of populations at risk of lf with particular consideration of water resource development projects, and (ii) to assess the effects of water resource development and management on the frequency and transmission dynamics of the ... | 2005 | 16172476 |
| cloning and expression of a 12 kda serospecific epitope of wuchereria bancrofti. | the immunoscreening of a microfilarial cdna library of wuchereria bancrofti with microfilaraemic sera revealed many positive clones expressing filarial antigens. one immunoreactive clone, designated pmr1, was shown to encode a protein of 114 amino acid residues. the cdna fragment was subcloned into an expression vector, pinpoint xat. the resulting recombinant (r)pmr1-biotin fusion protein was expressed in escherichia coli (bl21 [de3] plys) and was affinity purified on avidin resin. analysis of s ... | 2005 | 16174102 |
| distended thoracic duct and diffuse lymphangiectasia caused by bancroftian filariasis. | | 2005 | 16177425 |
| short communication: impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. | ivermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the african programme of onchocerciasis control. as programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into lf programmes. this study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no w. bancrofti coul ... | 2005 | 16185234 |
| isolation and analysis of partial cdna sequence coding for superoxide dismutase in wuchereria bancrofti. | molecular characterization of wuchereria bancrofti is essential to develop suitable anti-filarial drugs and vaccines. we describe here isolation, sequence analysis and cloning of a partial cdna of an enzyme superoxide dismutase from this parasite. the immunoscreening of a lambda zap w. bancrofti microfilarial (mf) cdna library with microfilaremic sera had resulted in the isolation of several seroreactive clones including, wbsod. this clone contained a 309 bp insert and showed significant nucleot ... | 2006 | 16199210 |
| evaluation of the program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in vanuatu following two years of mass drug administration implementation: results and methodologic approach. | this report presents the results of the vanuatu mid-term evaluation of the lymphatic filariasis elimination program being implemented countrywide. vanuatu is one of the first countries to initiate this program as part of the global program for elimination of lymphatic filariasis, based on a five-year annual mass drug administration (mda) of albendazole and diethylcarbamazine and complemented in vanuatu by extensive coverage with bed nets. this paper reports results of 561 persons tested at eight ... | 2005 | 16222021 |
| clinical correlates of filarial infection in haitian children: an association with interdigital lesions. | to assess clinical findings associated with wuchereria bancrofti infection, 192 school children in a filariasis-endemic area of haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations and testing for circulating filarial antigen (cfa). the cfa-positive children were more likely than cfa-negative children to have severe interdigital lesions (> or = 1 macerated lesion with involvement of > or = 4 toe web spaces) (p < 0.0001) and inguinal (p = 0.003) or crural (p = 0.004) lymph node pathology. i ... | 2005 | 16222022 |
| analysis of polymorphism of 18s rrna gene in wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | the polymorphism of the 18s rrna gene in wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) collected from three different zones in india was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). the rflps of the amplified products obtained after digestion with restriction enzymes ssp i, msp i and hha i showed no difference in the banding patterns among the mf isolates from different endemic zones. further the sequencing of pcr products did not show any difference ... | 2005 | 16237268 |
| endosymbiotic wolbachia of parasitic filarial nematodes as drug targets. | the parasitic nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori cause a dreadful disease in humans known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts more than 120 million people worldwide. as per recent epidemiologic estimates on prevalence of w. bancrofti and b. malayi, about 428 million people are at risk, with 28 million microfilaria carriers and 21 million clinical cases spread out in 13 states and 5 union territories of india. the indian subcontinent that comprises bangladesh, india, ... | 2005 | 16251775 |
| concomitant parasitism: bancroftian filariasis and intestinal helminths and response to albendazole. | subjects in an disease-endemic area in orissa, india concomitantly infected with filariasis and intestinal helminths had significantly lower intensity of filarial infection in comparison with those who were infected only with filariasis. administration of albendazole resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence of filarial antigenemia in subjects concomitantly infected with intestinal helminths, but produced little change in this infection measure in subjects infected only with wuchereri ... | 2005 | 16282297 |
| effects of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine on microfilariae and overall microfilaria production in bancroftian filariasis. | ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (dec) are used in mass treatment programs for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis because of their strong effects on microfilaremia. however, the effects of treatment on adult worms and the degree of individual variation in efficacy are unclear. we analyzed series of microfilaria (mf) counts from individuals treated with a single dose of 400 microg/kg ivermectin or 6 mg/kg dec (n = 23 in each group; 1 year follow-up). for each individual, we estimated the mi ... | 2005 | 16282298 |
| the leogane, haiti demonstration project: decreased microfilaremia and program costs after three years of mass drug administration. | to support the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf), well-monitored demonstration projects are important for defining the relationship between coverage and reductions in microfilaremia. we are using mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec) and albendazole in an effort to eliminate lf from leogane, haiti. wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia prevalence at baseline ranged from 0.8% to 15.9% in four sentinel sites. after three rounds of dec-albendazole mass drug administration ( ... | 2005 | 16282299 |
| detection and differentiation of filarial parasites by universal primers and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | filarial nematode parasites are a serious cause of morbidity in humans and animals. identification of filarial infection using traditional morphologic criteria can be difficult and lead to misdiagnosis. we report on a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp)-based method to detect and differentiate a broad range of filarial species in a single pcr. the first internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) along with the flanking 18s and 5.8s ribosomal dna (rdna) were is ... | 2005 | 16282300 |
| gravid adult filarial worm in fine needle breast aspirate masquerading as carcinoma. | | 2004 | 16295411 |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in cervicovaginal smear. | | 2004 | 16295412 |
| surveillance of imported bancroftian filariasis after two-year multiple-dose diethylcarbamazine treatment. | myanmar migrants are at increased risk for nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti causing imported bancroftian filariasis. they have a significant influence on the effectiveness of diethylcarbamazine (dec) mass treatment at the provincial level in the national program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (pelf) during the fiscal years (fy) 2002-2006, in thailand. two oral doses of dec 6 mg/kg are given twice a year to the eligible myanmar migrants (> or = 2 years old). a 300 mg dec provocation t ... | 2005 | 16295532 |
| short-term effects of treatment with 300 mg oral-dose diethylcarbamazine on nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia and antigenemia. | seven microfilaremic myanmar patients were treated with a single 300 mg dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec) orally, as part of a case-finding survey in ranong province, southern thailand. this was conducted in order to evaluate the short-term effects of single-dose dec on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia and antigenemia during a 12-week course of treatment. analysis of microfilarial periodicity on initial treatment revealed the microfilarial peak density (k) was at 52 minutes after midnight (005 ... | 2005 | 16295533 |
| bancroftian filariasis in children and adolescents: clinical-pathological observations in 22 cases from an endemic area. | in areas where bancroftian filariasis is endemic, the clinical manifestations of the disease, which are often very varied, appear most frequently during early adulthood or later. in consequence, very little attention, if any, has been given to the signs and symptoms of the disease in childhood. in an attempt to fill this gap, clinical and pathological observations were made, in brazil, on 22 children (aged 2-15 years) who were infected with wuchereria bancrofti. there was a predominance of lymph ... | 2005 | 16297289 |
| maternal filarial-infection status and its consequences on pregnancy and the newborn, in ragama, sri lanka. | | 2005 | 16297296 |
| cross-sectional relationship between hiv, lymphatic filariasis and other parasitic infections in adults in coastal northeastern tanzania. | the relationship between hiv, lymphatic filariasis, malaria (plasmodium falciparum) and intestinal helminths (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworm) was assessed in a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 907 adults in tanga region, tanzania. overall prevalences were 7.9% for hiv, 43.5% for wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa), 12.3% for p. falciparum, 1.2% for a. lumbricoides, 7.1% for t. trichiura and 75.7% for hookworm. anaemia was assessed ... | 2006 | 16324731 |
| microfilaria in hydrocele fluid cytology. | filariasis, a parasitic infection endemic in parts of india, myanmar, islands of the south pacific, west and east africa and saudi arabia can be diagnosed from various types of cytopathological specimens. this case documents the detection of filarial infection from hydrocele fluid cytology in a 30-year-old myanmar migrant worker in malaysia. | 2004 | 16329565 |
| detection of dna of w. bancrofti in blood samples by qc-pcr-elisa-based. | an internal control was used in a polymerase chain reaction pcr-elisa-based technique to detect the dna repeat of the filarial parasite w. bancrofti. the sensitivity of the test could detect as low as one single microfilaria added to 200 ul of blood. the assay was evaluated on field samples from persons living in areas endemic for filariasis. examination of night blood of 113 individuals for the presence of microfilaria by filtration revealed 44 microfilaria carriers. all microfilaria carriers w ... | 2005 | 16333903 |
| bancroftian filariasis: effect of repeated treatment with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and antifilarial antibodies. | diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (dec/alb) therapy is widely used in mass drug administration (mda) programmes aimed at eliminating lymphatic filariasis. we studied the effects of repeated annual treatments with dec/alb on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia, filarial antigenaemia and igg4 antibodies to bm14 antigen. fifty-seven subjects with asymptomatic microfilaraemia were treated with one or seven daily doses of dec/alb at time zero. all subjects were re-treated with single-dose dec/alb 12, 2 ... | 2006 | 16414095 |
| [lymphatic filariasis in republic of congo and scrotal elephantiasis]. | cases of scrotal elephantiasis operated in the brazzaville' hospital are naturally imputed to wuchereria bancrofti, in spite of the absence of parasitological proof. this is due to the fact that data's diffused by who which are widely included in the literature, unfortunately present this filariasis as being endemic in the republic of congo. but it is impossible to identify what works are at the origin of this assertion during the 30 last years. what is certain, it is that no case of lymphatic f ... | 2005 | 16425714 |
| culex quinquefasciatus in phitsanulok as a possible vector of nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti transmission in myanmar immigrants. | the present study was undertaken in order to study whether culex quinquefasciatus collected in phitsanulok province can be an insect host for the development of wuchereria bancrofti larvae. w. bancrofti infected blood from myanmar workers in mae sot, tak province was fed to mosquitoes by using the artificial membrane feeding. an infection of w. bancrofti was found with the highest density of l3 in the mosquito thorax on the 14th day after feeding. the infection rate also correlated to the densit ... | 2005 | 16438205 |
| estimation of the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by a pool screen pcr assay using blood spots collected on filter paper. | the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis was estimated by pcr-based pool screening of night blood collected from 865 individuals living in ten areas endemic for wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi or b. timori in indonesia. a total of 232 microfilaraemics were identified by filtration of 1 ml of blood. the microfilaria (mf) prevalence ranged from 6% to 54%, and the mf density in microfilaraemics ranged from 1 mf/ml to 6028 mf/ml. pcr assays both for w. bancrofti or brugia spp. detected a single mf ... | 2006 | 16442578 |
| cytochemical characterization of the third-stage larva of wuchereria bancrofti (nematoda: filarioidea). | in the present paper, we report the results we obtained using several cytochemical techniques to analyze the infective larva of wuchereria bancrofti. an imidazole osmium tetroxide solution was used to visualize unsaturated fatty acids. a highly contrasted material forming a continuous structure was observed on the larval surface and over the epicuticle. a strong reaction was observed on the esophagus and also on the inner secreted material. carbohydrates containing vic-glycol groups were not obs ... | 2006 | 16450133 |
| short communication: negative spatial association between lymphatic filariasis and malaria in west africa. | to determine the relationship between human lymphatic filariasis, caused by wuchereria bancrofti, and falciparum malaria, which are co-endemic throughout west africa. | 2006 | 16451336 |
| precontrol observations on lymphatic filariasis & geo-helminthiases in two coastal districts of rural orrisa. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a major public health problem in india, accounting for 40 per cent of the global burden. the world health organization has launched a global programme to eliminate lf by 2020 and india is a signatory to it. orissa, an eastern indian state has long been known to be endemic for lf. prior to implementation of mass drug administration programme it is important to collect baseline data on filariasis and geo-helminthiases in the state. the present cross-sectional survey wa ... | 2005 | 16456251 |
| lymphatic filariasis among the ezza people of ebonyi state, eastern nigeria. | a total of 1,243 ezza people living in 10 communities of ebonyi state, eastern nigeria were examined between july 2002-january 2003 for lymphatic filariasis. this is the first time a filariasis survey due to wuchereria bancrofti has been carried out in this state. of the 1,243 persons examined, 210 (16.9 %) had w. bancrofti microfilariae. infection varied significantly among communities and ages (p < 0.05) but not sex-related (p > 0.05). the ezza people are predominantly farmers and professional ... | 2005 | 16457471 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) in moorea, french polynesia: a study of adult population structures and pathogen (wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis) infection rates to indicate regional and seasonal epidemiological risk for dengue and filariasis. | populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis (marks) on moorea island, french polynesia, the local vectors of dengue and filariasis, respectively, were sampled by landing/biting collection at nine localities on the east, north, and west coasts, during the late dry season, early and late wet season (september-may) 2003 and 2004, to investigate epidemiologically important features of the populations and compare them between regions and months. biting rates of both species tended to in ... | 2005 | 16465747 |
| urban lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria. | wuchereria bancrofti and the other mosquito-borne parasites that cause human lymphatic filariasis (lf) infect over 120 million people world-wide. global efforts are underway to stop transmission of the parasites, using annual, single-dose mass drug administrations (mda) to all at-risk populations. although most mda to date have been in rural settings, they are also recommended in urban areas of transmission. it remains unclear whether there is significant urban transmission in west africa, howev ... | 2006 | 16492364 |
| pcr and dissection as tools to monitor filarial infection of aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes in french polynesia. | entomological methods may provide important tools for monitoring the transmission of filariasis in french polynesia. in order to standardize our pcr method and refine our protocol to assess filarial infection levels in mosquitoes, we compared dissection of the vector, aedes polynesiensis, with the poolscreening polymerase chain reaction (ps-pcr) assay. | 2006 | 16504131 |
| tolerability and efficacy of single dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) alone or co-administration with ivermectin in the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in pondicherry, south india. | the tolerability and efficacy of single dose dec (12mg/kg body weight) or co-administration of dec (6mg/kg body weight) with ivermectin (200 or 400 mcg/kg of body weight) was studied in 60 asymptomatic w. bancrofti microfilariae (mf) carriers following a double blind randomized design. the drugs were tolerated well. the incidence of adverse reactions of dec (85.0%), dec + ivermectin 200mcg (95.0%) and dec + ivermectin 400mcg (100%) did not vary significantly (p>0.05). the mean score of adverse r ... | 2004 | 16506546 |
| identification and location of albumin-like antigens in third-stage larva of w. bancrofti, in adult forms of litomosoides chagasfilhoi and in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | antigens resembling those of host proteins have been identified on the surface of several filarial parasites, such as immunoglobulins and serum albumins. the origin of albumin-like antigens on filarial parasites remains unclear. several authors suggested that they have been adsorbed, or that they were metabolic waste products from nutritional utilization of human albumin, or perhaps a contamination with human products. this study searched for human albumin-like antigens by western blot and ultra ... | 2006 | 16516479 |
| prenatal t cell immunity to wuchereria bancrofti and its effect on filarial immunity and infection susceptibility during childhood. | antenatal immune experience with wuchereria bancrofti due to maternal filariasis may influence susceptibility to infection. we tested the hypothesis that filarial-specific t cell responses at birth that are indicative of in utero tolerance or sensitization affect the evolution of filarial-specific immunity and susceptibility to w. bancrofti infection during childhood. | 2006 | 16518763 |
| determination of the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among migrant workers in kuwait by detecting circulating filarial antigen. | the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of filarial infection among migrant workers in kuwait. the study was conducted from april 2000 to november 2003. a total of 1050 migrant workers (>90 % from the indian subcontinent) from filarial endemic countries and 260 individuals residing in kuwait as controls (50 healthy kuwaiti blood donors, 50 microfilaria-negative individuals from endemic areas and 160 patients with other parasitic infections) were screened for filarial inf ... | 2006 | 16533987 |
| intra-ocular nematode worms: rare but important. | | 2005 | 16538906 |
| a juvenile filarial worm, wuchereria bancrofti, extracted from the vitreous of the eye: the first report in the world literature. | a live worm was extracted from the vitreous of the eye of a patient in sri lanka. based on the details of its length, width, oesophagus and vulva it was identified as ajuvenile female wuchereria bancrofti. | 2005 | 16538913 |
| lymphatic filariasis: possible pathophysiological nexus with oxidative stress. | wuchereria bancrofti-mediated lymphatic filariasis is widely prevalent. diversity in immune response presumably may lead to myriad clinical presentations, such as overt chronic filariasis, occult filariasis with atypical systemic manifestation and asymptomatic microfilariae carrier state. anticipated oxidative stress during inflammatory response to infective conditions might complicate the immune response and thus might alter the disease outcome. the present study was carried out to assess the s ... | 2006 | 16554077 |
| elimination of transmission of lymphatic filariasis in egypt. | | 2006 | 16564345 |
| effect of yearly mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in egypt: a comprehensive assessment. | egypt was one of the first countries to implement a national programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis based on who's strategy of repeated rounds of mass drug administration (mda) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (target population, 2.5 million in 181 localities). we assessed the effect of five yearly rounds of mda on filariasis in four sentinel villages in egypt. | 2006 | 16564361 |
| mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: endpoints and optimal interventions. | the current global initiative to eliminate lymphatic filariasis is a major renewed commitment to reduce or eliminate the burden of one of the major helminth infections from resource-poor communities of the world. mathematical models of filariasis transmission can serve as an effective tool for guiding the scientific development and management of successful community-level intervention programmes by acting as analytical frameworks for integrating knowledge regarding parasite transmission dynamics ... | 2006 | 16564745 |
| advances and challenges in predicting the impact of lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes by mathematical modelling. | mathematical simulation models for transmission and control of lymphatic filariasis are useful tools for studying the prospects of lymphatic filariasis elimination. two simulation models are currently being used. the first, epifil, is a population-based, deterministic model that simulates average trends in infection intensity over time. the second, lymfasim, is an individual-based, stochastic model that simulates acquisition and loss of infection for each individual in the simulated population, ... | 2006 | 16569234 |
| a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of a 3-week course of doxycycline plus albendazole and ivermectin for the treatment of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | eight- and 6-week courses of doxycycline are superior to standard treatment of bancroftian filariasis. standard treatment (albendazole plus ivermectin) is associated with adverse reactions. we assessed whether a shorter (i.e, 3-week) course of doxycycline with standard treatment would show superior efficacy to standard treatment alone and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. | 2006 | 16575724 |
| a woman from british guyana with recurrent back pain and fever. chyluria associated with infection due to wuchereria bancrofti. | | 2006 | 16607704 |
| parasitic pulmonary eosinophilia. | parasitic infections, although common in tropical and subtropical regions, are prevalent worldwide because of changing immigration patterns and in international travel. the burden of worm infection is enormous and the intensity of infection is usually high among the poor and in immunocompromised individuals. pulmonary eosinophilia occurs in almost all metazoan infections. in the western world, the most common infections are caused by strongyloides, ascaris, toxocara, and ancylostoma species. mos ... | 2006 | 16612768 |
| differential display of genes expressed in the filarial nematode litomosoides sigmodontis reveals a putative phosphate permease up-regulated after depletion of wolbachia endobacteria. | mutualist symbiotic wolbachia endobacteria are found in most filarial nematodes. wolbachia are essential for embryogenesis and for larval development into adults, and thus represent a new target for anti-filarial drug development. tetracycline antibiotics deplete wolbachia in animal model filaria litomosoides sigmodontis and brugia pahangi, as well as in the human parasites brugia malayi, onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. very little is known about the molecular details of the symbio ... | 2006 | 16616613 |
| interdigital lesions and frequency of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis in lymphoedema in a filariasis-endemic area. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a mosquito-borne nematode infection that causes permanent lymphatic dysfunction in virtually all infected individuals and clinical disease in a subset of these. one major sequel of infection is lymphoedema of the limbs. lymphoedema of the leg affects an estimated 15 million persons in lf-endemic areas worldwide. acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (adla) in people with filarial lymphoedema causes acute morbidity and increasingly severe lymphoedema. episodes of adla are b ... | 2006 | 16634898 |
| tolerability and efficacy of a three-age class dosage schedule of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in the treatment of microfilaria carriers of wuchereria bancrofti and its implications in mass drug administration (mda) strategy for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf). | a six-age class dosage schedule of diethylcarbamazine (dec) of 50mg (1-2 years), 100mg (3-4 years), 150mg (5-8 years), 200mg (9-11 years), 250mg (12-14 years) and 300mg for above 14 years is being adopted for annual single dose mda for lf elimination treat wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. in order to increase the community compliance as well as to make the distribution easier during mda, a revised 3 age class dosage schedule of 100mg (2-4 years), 200mg (5-14 years) and 300mg for above ... | 2005 | 16637395 |
| model-based analysis of trial data: microfilaria and worm-productivity loss after diethylcarbamazine-albendazole or ivermectin-albendazole combination therapy against wuchereria bancrofti. | to determine the efficacies of combinations of ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine and albendazole, which are recommended for use in mass treatment programmes against lymphatic filariasis. | 2006 | 16640625 |
| a real-time pcr-based assay for detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood and mosquitoes. | we developed and evaluated real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for detecting wuchereria bancrofti dna in human blood and in mosquitoes. an assay based on detection of the w. bancrofti "ldr" repeat dna sequence was more sensitive than an assay for wolbachia 16s rdna. the ldr-based assay was sensitive for detecting microfilarial dna on dried membrane filters or on filter paper. we also compared real-time pcr with conventional pcr (c-pcr) for detecting w. bancrofti dna in mosquito samp ... | 2006 | 16687688 |
| coincident filarial, intestinal helminth, and mycobacterial infection: helminths fail to influence tuberculin reactivity, but bcg influences hookworm prevalence. | the prevalence of helminth and tuberculosis infections is high in south india, whereas bacille-calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine efficacy is low. our aim was to determine whether concurrent helminth infection alters the ability to mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to tuberculin. in a cross-sectional study in southern india, individuals 6-65 years of age were screened for intestinal helminths, circulating filarial antigenemia, tuberculin reactivity, active tuberculosis, and history of bc ... | 2006 | 16687690 |
| progress towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis in zanzibar: a model programme. | programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are underway in ten countries of sub-saharan africa, and in several programmes outside africa five rounds of mass drug administration (mda) are being completed. in africa, egypt and zanzibar have completed five rounds of mda. zanzibar was the first country to complete five rounds of treatment using a combination of albendazole and ivermectin, reducing both the prevalence and intensity of wuchereria bancrofti. characteristics of the zanzibar programme ... | 2006 | 16713740 |
| concomitant infections of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti on the kenyan coast. | anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are important vectors of malaria and bancroftian filariasis, which occur as co-endemic infections along the kenyan coast. however, little is known about the occurrence and prevalence of concomitant infections of the two diseases in mosquito and human populations in these areas. this study reports the prevalence of concomitant infections of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti in mosquito and human populations in jilore and shakahola villages in m ... | 2006 | 16723020 |
| lymphatic filariasis in bilaspur district, chhattisgarh. | as per earlier reports only ratanpur phc of the district bilaspur of chattisgarh was endemic for filariasis. during the present survey microfilaria infection and disease manifestations were detected in two more phcs namely bilha and bilaspur. 3426 night blood smears were collected from 24 randomly selected localities (13 rural and 11 urban) covering 25% known endemic areas and 75% reportedly non-endemic areas. sample size was calculated taking 12% prevalence rate using standard statistical formu ... | 2005 | 16749276 |
| perirenal lymphatic filariasis presenting as chyluria during pregnancy. | | 2006 | 16761022 |
| the invasion of the midgut of the mosquito culex (culex) quinquefasciatus say, 1823 by the helminth litomosoides chagasfilhoi moraes neto, lanfredi and de souza, 1997. | the litomosoides chagasfilhoi helminth was studied as a model for microfilaria invasion of the midgut of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, vector of wuchereria bancrofti helminth, causative agent of the human filariasis. histology and transmission and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to show the topography of mosquito midgut invasion by the helminth. an analysis of midguts dissected at different time points after a blood meal demonstrated that the microfilariae interacted and crossed th ... | 2006 | 16780868 |
| circulating fibrosis markers, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein x in patients with wuchereria bancrofti infection: association with clinical status. | we measured the concentrations of several circulating fibrosis markers (type i collagen i, type iii procollagen, hyaluronan) and eosinophil granule proteins (ecp and epx) in lymphatic filariosis patients to investigate their relationship with clinical, parasitological and immunological data. this study was conducted in polynesian patients with various stages of the disease (acute lymphangitis, chyluria, hydrocoele, elephantiasis), a closely related microbial lymphangitis and endemic controls. we ... | 2006 | 16800126 |
| impact of single dose of diethylcarbamazine and other antifilarial drug combinations on bancroftian filarial infection variables: assessment after 2 years. | the impact of single dose mass drug administration of diethylcarbamazine (dec), dec with albendazole (alb), and ivermectin (ivr) with albendazole, was examined on the human bancroftian filarial infections in village scale trials in south india, from a follow-up study after 2 years. the treatment arms administered with dec alone and dec+alb demonstrated long-term benefits in reducing microfilaraemia significantly (p<0.05), while antigenaemia reduction was negligible. the arm with alb+ivr did not ... | 2006 | 16807079 |
| population genetics of concurrent selection with albendazole and ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine on the possible spread of albendazole resistance in wuchereria bancrofti. | the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) intends to achieve its aims through yearly mass treatments with albendazole (abz) combined with ivermectin (ivm) or diethylcarbamazine (dec). the use of abz and ivm separately to combat parasites of veterinary importance has, on many occasions, resulted in widespread drug resistance. in order to help predict the spread of potential abz resistance alleles through a population of wuchereria bancrofti, we have developed a mathem ... | 2006 | 16834821 |
| filarial-specific antibody response in east african bancroftian filariasis: effects of host infection, clinical disease, and filarial endemicity. | the effect of host infection, chronic clinical disease, and transmission intensity on the patterns of specific antibody responses in bancroftian filariasis was assessed by analyzing specific igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4, and ige profiles among adults from two communities with high and low wuchereria bancrofti endemicity. in the high endemicity community, intensities of the measured antibodies were significantly associated with infection status. igg1, igg2, and ige were negatively associated with micro ... | 2006 | 16837715 |
| human bancroftian filariasis: immunological markers of morbidity and infection. | induction of host cytokines plays a critical role in infection as well as disease in human filariasis. measurements of such molecules in plasma could be used as windows of markers both for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and for identifying markers of morbidity. eight inflammatory and non-inflammatory host molecules in circulation were quantified in 207 subjects in filariasis endemic area of orissa, india. il-6, il-8, il-10, tnf-alpha, tnfr-i, tnfr-ii, lbp and sicam-1 were quantifi ... | 2006 | 16839794 |
| phylogeography of human lymphatic filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti in india. | wuchereria bancrofti, a nematode parasite causing human lymphatic filariasis is widely distributed in india. the phylogeography of this parasite was studied by constructing rapd profiles of parasite populations collected from 71 microfilaria carriers residing in different geoclimatic regions of india. the analysis showed that the phylogeography of w. bancrofti populations is complex, with a high genetic divergence and gene flow among populations. the total genetic diversity (h(t)) and genetic di ... | 2006 | 16854360 |
| retracted: co-infection with sub-clinical hiv and wuchereria bancrofti, and the role of malaria and hookworms, in adult tanzanians: infection intensities, cd4/cd8 counts and cytokine responses. | this article has been retracted consistent with elsevier policy on article withdrawal. please see . the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. | 2006 | 16860355 |