| histoplasmosis-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: a case report. | hemophagocytic syndrome is a macrophage disorder that may develop as a result of immunological activation, such as that seen in severe infection. it has been described in persons with hiv/aids and in those with a variety of hiv-associated opportunistic infections, including those caused by histoplasma capsulatum. if present, this disorder may portend a poorer prognosis. we describe an hiv-positive person in whom histoplasmosis-associated hemophagocytic syndrome was successfully treated. | 2007 | 17990371 |
| phylogenetic and biochemical characterization of a novel cluster of intracellular fungal alpha-amylase enzymes. | currently known fungal alpha-amylases are well-characterized extracellular enzymes that are classified into glycoside hydrolase subfamily gh13_1. this study describes the identification, and phylogenetic and biochemical analysis of novel intracellular fungal alpha-amylases. the phylogenetic analysis shows that they cluster in the recently identified subfamily gh13_5 and display very low similarity to fungal alpha-amylases of family gh13_1. homologues of these intracellular enzymes are present in ... | 2007 | 18048915 |
| cryptococcal glucoxylomannan does not exhibit cross-reactivity in the mvista histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay. | the potential for cross-reaction between cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum in antigen assays was evaluated. we tested patient samples, spleens from infected mice, and purified polysaccharides in the mvista histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay and cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system for cross-reactivity, and none was observed. | 2008 | 18077616 |
| coccidioidomycosis and other endemic mycoses in mexico. | the endemic mycoses traditionally include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis. although sporotrichosis and chromomycosis are technically not included among the endemic mycoses, they are frequently diagnosed in mexico. most systemic endemic mycoses are a consequence of inhaling the fungi, while subcutaneous mycoses are acquired through the inoculation of vegetable matter or soil containing the organism. coccidioidomycosis is caused by coccidioides spp., a ... | 2007 | 18095755 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis with hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with aids: description of one case and review of the spanish literature. | we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 33-year old ecuadorian patient with aids and a cd4 lymphocyte count of 39 cells/microl. he presented with prolonged fever and cough, was diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome and multiple organ failure and died 18 days after admission. histoplasma capsulatum was isolated post-mortem from bone marrow biopsy and blood culture. in a literature review we found 22 published cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with aids in spain since ... | 2007 | 18095767 |
| cysteine and related compounds in the growth of the yeast like phase of histoplasma capsulatum. | | 1949 | 18133678 |
| isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from soil. | | 1949 | 18134389 |
| primary histoplasmosis with recovery of histoplasma capsulatum from the blood and bronchial secretions. | | 1949 | 18139578 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an african pygmy hedgehog. | a 2-year-old captive-bred sexually intact female african pygmy hedgehog (atelerix albiventris) was evaluated because of vague signs of illness including inappetence, weakness, lethargy, and weight loss over a 20-day period. | 2008 | 18167112 |
| [disseminated histoplasmosis revealed by peripheral blood smear in an african immigrant with aids]. | we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in an african patient with aids (born in ghana) and living in france. this opportunistic fungal infection has never been reported in ghana, maybe because of limited means of investigation or ignorance. nevertheless, it was reported in a ghanaian immigrant living in italy. in our patient, the first diagnosis was suggested by a peripheral blood smear, which is not a classical biological diagnostic method. ... | 2008 | 18178049 |
| tnf-alpha antagonism generates a population of antigen-specific cd4+cd25+ t cells that inhibit protective immunity in murine histoplasmosis. | in both humans and mice, treatment with tnf-alpha antagonists is associated with serious infectious complications including disseminated histoplasmosis. the mechanisms by which inhibition of endogenous tnf-alpha alter protective immunity remain obscure. herein, we tested the possibility that neutralization of this cytokine triggered the emergence of t cells that dampen immunity. the lungs of mice given mab to tnf-alpha contained a higher proportion and number of cd4+cd25+ cells than controls. th ... | 2008 | 18178849 |
| nodular pulmonary histoplasmosis in cushing's disease: a case report and literature review. | opportunistic infections are well documented in states of steroid excess. to our knowledge, histoplasmosis has not been previously reported in cushing's disease, and has rarely been reported in patients with exogenous glucocorticoid use. we report a novel presentation of histoplasmosis as pulmonary nodules in a patient with cushing's disease. a 45-year-old man with a pituitary macroadenoma and cushing's disease was treated with transsphenoidal hypophysectomy and radiation therapy. he was receivi ... | 2007 | 18183856 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis manifesting as a soft-tissue chest wall mass in a heart transplant recipient. | soft-tissue masses are rarely associated with histoplasma capsulatum infection. we describe a heart transplant patient who presented with a large right-sided chest wall mass as a manifestation of disseminated histoplasmosis. a successful clinical outcome was achieved upon recognition of the fungal pathogen. | 2008 | 18194370 |
| [pulmonary histoplasmosis exhibiting solitary pulmonary nodule resected by thoracoscopic surgery: a case report and review of the japanese literature]. | we reported a case of pulmonary histoplasmosis showing solitary nodular shadow. a 43-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest x-ray films during a routine checkup. he had traveled to honduras for 7 days. chest computed tomographic (ct) scans showed a 13 x 12 mm nodular shadow with unclear margin in the left upper lobe (s3). both transbronchial lung biopsy and ct guided transcutaneous needle biopsy failed to yield a definitive diagnosis. thoracoscopic resec ... | 1999 | 18217314 |
| literature review and case histories of histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii infections in hiv-infected patients. | african histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is an invasive fungal infection endemic in central and west africa. most of its ecology and pathogenesis remain unknown. h. capsulatum var. capsulatum is an aids-defining opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients who are living in or have traveled to histoplasmosis-endemic areas. in contrast, reports concerning african histoplasmosis during hiv infection are rare, although both pathogens coexist in those regions. we rep ... | 2007 | 18217546 |
| the pd-1/pd-l costimulatory pathway critically affects host resistance to the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. | the pd-1 costimulatory receptor inhibits t cell receptor signaling upon interacting with its ligands pd-l1 and pd-l2. the pd-1/pd-l pathway is critical in maintaining self-tolerance. in this study, we examined the role of pd-1 in a mouse model of acute infection with histoplasma capsulatum, a major human pathogenic fungus. in a lethal model of histoplasmosis, all pd-1-deficient mice survived infection, whereas the wild-type mice died with disseminated disease. pd-l expression on macrophages and ... | 2008 | 18268348 |
| detection of histoplasma capsulatum antigen in panamanian patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and aids. | histoplasmosis is a common endemic mycosis in the americas, often causing severe disease in patients with aids. antigen detection has become an important method for rapid diagnosis of histoplasmosis in the united states but not in central or south america. isolates from patients in the united states are predominantly found to be class 2 isolates when typed using the nuclear gene yps3, while isolates from latin america are predominantly typed as class 5 or class 6. whether infection with these la ... | 2008 | 18287576 |
| detection of histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria by ultrafiltration of samples with false-negative results. | patients with histoplasmosis may test falsely negative for histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria. in some cases antigen is present at levels below the assay's detection limit, and ultrafiltration could improve sensitivity. antigen was detected following ultrafiltration in 73.8% of falsely negative specimens versus 2% of controls. ultrafiltration improved sensitivity with a small reduction in specificity. | 2008 | 18305106 |
| sudden onset of verrucous plaques to the face and trunk: a case of reactivation cutaneous histoplasmosis in the setting of hiv. | a 66-year-old columbian man presented with a 15-day history of generalized weakness, cough, fever, and verrucous, ulcerating plaques of the face, upper chest, upper back, and arms. the patient proved to be hiv positive. histopathologic examination showed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate coupled with a striking number of yeast forms within macrophages. the clinical presentation and histopathologic alterations are consistent with the diagnosis disseminated histoplasma capsulatum. this case emphasi ... | 2008 | 18319029 |
| deactivation of the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis and coccidioides immitis using hydrogen peroxide vapor. | hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) has been proposed as an alternative to formaldehyde fumigation for the decontamination of biosafety level (bsl) iii laboratories. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hpv against the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis and coccidioides immitis. working inside a class ii biological safety cabinet (bsc) within a bsl iii laboratory, inocula containing approximately 5-log(10) cfu/ml from the mould form of each organism susp ... | 2008 | 18324500 |
| infectious keratitis secondary to histoplasma capsulatum: the first case reports in humans. | the authors report an unusual case of fungal keratitis caused by histoplasma capsulatum in a male immunocompetent patient. pcr confirmed the presence of the fungus dna in the material studied. to our knowledge this is the first reported case in humans described all over the world. | 2007 | 18327473 |
| isolated lymphadenitis due to histoplasma capsulatum diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and immunohistochemistry. | in the disseminated form of histoplasmosis, isolation and further identification of histoplasma capsulatum can be performed by several methods, namely, bone marrow aspiration, blood culture, and liver biopsy. lymph node disease usually is diagnosed by excisional biopsy. although fungal stains can identify this fungus, detection of specific antigens by immunohistochemistry shows a higher specificity and sensitivity. this approach can use the cell block method when the material is not sent to fung ... | 2008 | 18338929 |
| temperature-induced switch to the pathogenic yeast form of histoplasma capsulatum requires ryp1, a conserved transcriptional regulator. | histoplasma capsulatum, a fungal pathogen of humans, switches from a filamentous spore-forming mold in the soil to a pathogenic budding-yeast form in the human host. this morphologic switch, which is exhibited by h. capsulatum and a group of evolutionarily related fungal pathogens, is regulated by temperature. using insertional mutagenesis, we identified a gene, ryp1 (required for yeast phase growth), which is required for yeast-form growth at 37 degrees c. ryp1 mutants are constitutively filame ... | 2008 | 18339808 |
| cutaneous cryptococcosis erroneously diagnosed as histoplasma capsulatum infection. | | 2008 | 18350196 |
| structural features responsible for the biological stability of histoplasma's virulence factor cbp. | the virulence factor cbp is the most abundant protein secreted by histoplasma capsulatum, a pathogenic fungus that causes histoplasmosis. although the biochemical function and pathogenic mechanism of cbp are unknown, quantitative ca (2+) binding measurements indicate that cbp has a strong affinity for calcium ( k d = 6.45 +/- 0.4 nm). however, no change in structure was observed upon binding of calcium, prompting a more thorough investigation of the molecular properties of cbp with respect to se ... | 2008 | 18361504 |
| histoplasma requires sid1, a member of an iron-regulated siderophore gene cluster, for host colonization. | the macrophage is the primary host cell for the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum during mammalian infections, yet little is known about fungal genes required for intracellular replication in the host. since the ability to scavenge iron from the host is important for the virulence of most pathogens, we investigated the role of iron acquisition in h. capsulatum pathogenesis. h. capsulatum acquires iron through the action of ferric reductases and the production of siderophores, but the genes ... | 2008 | 18404210 |
| identification and evolution of fungal mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetases with group i intron splicing activity. | the bifunctional neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetase (cyt-18 protein) both aminoacylates mitochondrial trna(tyr) and acts as a structure-stabilizing splicing cofactor for group i introns. previous studies showed that cyt-18 has distinct trna(tyr) and group i intron-binding sites, with the latter formed by three small "insertions" in the nucleotide-binding fold and other structural adaptations compared with nonsplicing bacterial tyrosyl-trna synthetases. here, analysis of geno ... | 2008 | 18413600 |
| vesicular transport in histoplasma capsulatum: an effective mechanism for trans-cell wall transfer of proteins and lipids in ascomycetes. | vesicular secretion of macromolecules has recently been described in the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans, raising the question as to whether ascomycetes similarly utilize vesicles for transport. in the present study, we examine whether the clinically important ascomycete histoplasma capsulatum produce vesicles and utilized these structures to secrete macromolecules. transmission electron microscopy (tem) shows transcellular secretion of vesicles by yeast cells. proteomic and lipidomic anal ... | 2008 | 18419773 |
| the radioprotective properties of fungal melanin are a function of its chemical composition, stable radical presence and spatial arrangement. | melanized microorganisms are often found in environments with very high background radiation levels such as in nuclear reactor cooling pools and the destroyed reactor in chernobyl. these findings and the laboratory observations of the resistance of melanized fungi to ionizing radiation suggest a role for this pigment in radioprotection. we hypothesized that the radioprotective properties of melanin in microorganisms result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free ... | 2008 | 18426412 |
| [disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii associated with aids. a case report in abidjan, côte d'ivoire]. | histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis whose capsulatum variety is recognized as being an aids-defining infection. however aids associated with histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is rarely reported. we report a case of cutaneous duboisii histoplasmosis associated with aids which has been mistaken for molluscum contagiosum for many months. the diagnosis has been confirmed by means of a biopsy of a nodule followed by an anatomo-pathological examination. the medical treatment was successfully based on ... | 2008 | 18431996 |
| gastrointestinal histoplasmosis presenting as colonic pseudotumour. | we report a case of gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in a 45-year-old hiv positive man who was misdiagnosed as a case of colonic cancer. the patient presented with low-grade fever, pain in lower abdomen, anorexia and weight loss of six months duration. on examination a lump in the left iliac fossa was detected. colonoscopy revealed stricture and ulcerated growth in the sigmoid colon. radiological investigations suggested malignant/inflammatory mass in the sigmoid colon with luminal compromise. pa ... | 2008 | 18445963 |
| an hiv-infected patient with fever, pancytopenia, and renal failure: is this end-stage aids? | histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. although immunocompetent persons with h. capsulatum infections are usually asymptomatic, several clinical syndromes can manifest in immunocompromised patients. we report a case of a 61-year-old man with advanced hiv infection who presented with weight loss, anorexia, and renal failure. his symptoms were initially attributed to end-stage aids, but a more specific diagnosis was pursued. bone marrow biopsy resulted in the discov ... | 2008 | 18472444 |
| infection with histoplasma capsulatum: host-fungus interface. | histoplasma capsulatum is a pathogenic fungus that has caused infections in all continents except antarctica although most disease is found within the americas. it produces a broad spectrum of illness that can on occasion be fatal. understanding the interaction between the host and the fungus provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms as well as the host response to replicating fungi. this knowledge can be used to improve treatment as well as diagnosis. hence, this review summarizes some o ... | 1998 | 18473513 |
| [preparation and study of an exoantigen of histoplasma capsulatum for serological reactions.]. | the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a yeast-phase exo-antigen of histoplasma capsulatum in standard serologic reactions. three native strains of h.capsulatum which belong to mycology center collection were employed. they were maintained in their yeast-phase by weekly subcultures in 2% dextrose broth agar at 37 degrees c. after one week incubation yeast cells were suspended in distilled water containing thimerosal and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride at a concentration of 1:500 ... | 1998 | 18473518 |
| [in vitro comparison of antifungal activity of oxiconazole and econazole against yeast.]. | monoclonal antibodies (moabs) have had a major impact on many areas of biomedical research and almost since their advent have been used in the characterisation and identification of diagnostically important antigens of fungal pathogens. their main significance lies in three, often inter-related areas: a) the definition and characterisation of antigens for use in detection of antibody responses, b) their direct use in the detection of diagnostically useful antigen in body fluids c) their applicat ... | 1998 | 18473530 |
| a monoclonal antibody to histoplasma capsulatum alters the intracellular fate of the fungus in murine macrophages. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to a cell surface histone on histoplasma capsulatum modify murine infection and decrease the growth of h. capsulatum within macrophages. without the mabs, h. capsulatum survives within macrophages by modifying the intraphagosomal environment. in the present study, we aimed to analyze the affects of a mab on macrophage phagosomes. using transmission electron and fluorescence microscopy, we showed that phagosome activation and maturation are significantly greater when ... | 2008 | 18487350 |
| ferrous, but not ferric, iron maintains homeostasis in histoplasma capsulatum triacylglycerides. | iron is an indispensable micronutrient for virtually all microorganisms, where it acts as a cofactor of many enzymes involved in regulation of multiple cellular and physiological functions. this metal is also considered an important determinant contributing to the pathogenesis of fungal infectious diseases, and therefore the identification of iron-regulated metabolic processes occurring within the invading fungal cell can help the development of new antifungal therapeutic strategies. in this stu ... | 2008 | 18506523 |
| [chronic central nervous system histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient]. | histoplasma capsulatum is an endemic fungus in america that may present as a lung self-limiting infection or be asymptomatic. disseminated histoplasmosis can occur in cell-mediated immunity disorders and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. isolated central nervous system (cns) histoplasmosis is uncommon, furthermore in immunocompetent patients. | 2008 | 18516749 |
| aids-related histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection: 25 years experience of french guiana. | histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection is a major aids-defining illness in french guiana. although it affects south and central american countries, the number of published cases is low. we present the largest series of aids-related histoplasmosis. the aim of this work is to describe clinical features and to help optimize investigations in settings where antigen detection methods are not available. | 2008 | 18520348 |
| addison's disease due to histoplasma duboisii infection of the adrenal glands. | histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. in the normal individual, both disseminated histoplasmosis and symptomatic adrenal histoplasmosis are rare. herein, we describe the case of a 50-year-old gentleman residing in western sudan who presented with a 7-month history of generalized body weakness, easy fatigue, and frequent attacks of vomiting and diarrhea. physical examination and laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of addison's disease due to histopla ... | 2008 | 18521476 |
| sre1, an iron-modulated gata dna-binding protein of iron-uptake genes in the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum requires iron for its survival during macrophage infection. because iron is toxic at high levels, iron acquisition in pathogenic organisms, including h. capsulatum, is a highly regulated process. in response to excess iron, h. capsulatum represses transcription of genes involved in iron uptake. we report here that sre1, a gene encoding a gata-type protein, bound to promoter sequences of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis. sre1 had sequence sim ... | 2008 | 18549241 |
| histoplasma capsulatum pathogenesis: making a lifestyle switch. | the dimorphism of histoplasma reflects a developmental switch in morphology and lifestyle that is necessary for virulence. the dimorphism regulating kinase drk1 and the histoplasma wor1 homolog ryp1 mediate the thermally induced transition to the pathogenic yeast-phase program. the genes expressed as part of this regulon influence the host-pathogen interaction to favor histoplasma virulence. while surface localized hsp60 supports yeast attachment to host macrophages, yeast alpha-glucan polysacch ... | 2008 | 18573684 |
| corticosteroids for blastomycosis-induced ards: a report of two patients and review of the literature. | ards secondary to blastomycosis is associated with a high mortality rate despite appropriate antifungal therapy. corticosteroids are of proven benefit in the treatment of severe pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and are recommended for the treatment of severe pulmonary infections with histoplasma capsulatum. however, their role in the treatment of severe pulmonary infections with blastomyces dermatitidis has not been established. we report the cases of two previously healthy men who presented with ... | 2008 | 18574291 |
| histoplasma capsulatum manifests preferential invasion of phagocytic subpopulations in murine lungs. | numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that histoplasma capsulatum is engulfed by the diverse populations of phagocytic cells including monocytes/macrophages (mphi), immature dendritic cells (dc), and neutrophils. the in vivo distribution of h. capsulatum has yet to be examined following an intrapulmonary challenge. to accomplish this goal, we engineered gfp into two genetically dissimilar strains of h. capsulatum, g217b and 186r. c57bl/6 mice were infected with each of these strains, and w ... | 2008 | 18577715 |
| central nervous system histoplasmosis. | involvement of the central nervous system (cns) is recognized clinically in 5% to 10% of patients with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. the risk of developing cns histoplasmosis is increased in individuals with impaired cellular immunity, but not all patients with this condition are immunocompromised. clinical syndromes include chronic meningitis, focal parenchymal lesions of the brain or spinal cord, stroke due to infected emboli, and diffuse encephalitis. cns histoplasmosis should be c ... | 2008 | 18579019 |
| diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. | to define the most appropriate studies for making a diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. | 2008 | 18594296 |
| histoplasma capsulatum yeast phase-specific protein yps3p induces toll-like receptor 2 signaling. | histoplasma capsulatum is a common cause of fungal infection in certain geographic areas, and although most infections are asymptomatic, it is capable of causing histoplasmosis, a disseminated, life-threatening disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. a deeper understanding of this host-pathogen interaction is needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies to counter lethal infection. although several lines of evidence suggest that this fungus is neurotropic in hiv patients, little ... | 2008 | 18606009 |
| fluconazole (diflucan): a review. | fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent available for oral or intravenous use in the treatment of a number of localized and disseminated mycoses. animal models have shown in vivo activity against infections caused by candida spp. and crytococcus neoformans. fluconazole is also active in animal infections caused by blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and dermatophytes. fluconazole acts by inhibiting synthesis of ergosterol, an essential sterol in fungal cell ... | 1993 | 18611557 |
| respiratory infections in the immunocompromised patient. | damage to local and systemic defences of the lungs makes the immunocompromised host vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. cellular immunodeficiency is associated with pneumocystis carinii, legionella spp. and intracellular parasites includi ... | 1993 | 18611585 |
| itraconazole for the treatment of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. | itraconazole is a triazole compound with broad-spectrum antifungal activity which includes the pathogenic yeasts, certain aspergillus species, and the endemic fungi such as histoplasma capsulatum and blastomycosis dermatitidis. although prospective trials comparing itraconazole to other azoles and amphotericin b are unavailable, recently published data suggest that itraconazole is the drug of choice for patients with mild to moderate histoplasmosis and blastomycosis without central nervous syste ... | 1995 | 18611672 |
| disseminated trichosporon inkin and histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with newly diagnosed aids. | histoplasma capsulatum and trichosporon inkin may cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. disseminated t inkin, the causative agent of white piedra, is rare and difficult to diagnose. we report the case of a 28 year-old man with newly diagnosed hiv infection who developed asymptomatic lesions on his trunk and extremities. histology demonstrated perivascular and intravascular budding yeasts. blood cultures revealed fungal organisms that were difficult to culture. specimens were ... | 2008 | 18625370 |
| histoplasmosis: a study of 158 cases in venezuela, 2000-2005. | histoplasmosis, a granulomatous disease caused by histoplasma capsulatum, is endemic in venezuela. we conducted the current study to appraise retrospectively the demographic data, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment of patients with histoplasmosis from january 2000 to december 2005. we reviewed the medical records of outpatient cases with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis and considered clinical samples processed at our laboratory. we collected demographic, epidemiologic, and clinic ... | 2008 | 18626302 |
| defining responses to therapy and study outcomes in clinical trials of invasive fungal diseases: mycoses study group and european organization for research and treatment of cancer consensus criteria. | invasive fungal diseases (ifds) have become major causes of morbidity and mortality among highly immunocompromised patients. authoritative consensus criteria to diagnose ifd have been useful in establishing eligibility criteria for antifungal trials. there is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of ifd that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. therefore, an expert international panel consisting of the mycoses study ... | 2008 | 18637757 |
| a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis mimicking carcinoma with a review of the literature. | histoplasma capsulatum is endemic to the ohio and mississippi river valley regions of the united states. infection with this fungus produces a broad range of clinical and pathologic manifestations. we report a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis, mimicking carcinoma, presenting as a manifestation of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. | 2008 | 18655654 |
| histoplasmosis presenting as cellulitis 18 years after renal transplantation. | a 49-year-old renal transplant patient, under an 18-year course of immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and azathioprine and, more recently, prednisone plus mycophenolate sodium, developed a cutaneous-subcutaneous infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. the clinical presentation consisted of a slowly enlarging, erythematous and infiltrative 25 cm plaque in the major axis on the arm. there was no involvement of the lungs or any other organ. cure was obtained with itraconazole treatment a ... | 2008 | 18671166 |
| histoplasma capsulatum at the host-pathogen interface. | histoplasma capsulatum is the most common cause of invasive fungal pulmonary disease worldwide. the interaction of h. capsulatum with a host is a complex, dynamic process. severe disease most commonly occurs in individuals with compromised immunity, and the increasing utilization of immunomodulators in medicine has revealed significant risks for reactivation disease in patients with latent histoplasmosis. fortunately, there are well developed molecular tools and excellent animal models for study ... | 2008 | 18672088 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis with oral manifestation. | histoplasmosis is a fungal disease that affects humans and is caused by histoplasma capsulatum. the presentation of the infection may be acute, chronic, or disseminated. the disseminated form has extrapulmonary manifestations which may include oral manifestations. a patient with aids sought treatment and he had disseminated histoplasmosis with oral manifestations. the purpose of this case report and literature review is to emphasize the role the dental team has in the diagnosis of disseminated d ... | 2007 | 18683806 |
| [proposal of new molecular characterization methods in phylogenetic studies and genotypings of pathogenic fungi]. | sequence information of 25s rrna gene was useful for the genotype determination in candida albicans. genotypes of 301 c. albicans strains by this single pcr method were determined, and out of them, two strains of new genotype (genotype e) which are closely related to c. dubliniensis in its intron structure were discovered. analysis of internal transcribed spacer (its) region sequence including 5.8s rrna region in three varieties of c. neoformans was found to be an useful method for genotype dete ... | 2008 | 18689962 |
| the histoplasma capsulatum vacuolar atpase is required for iron homeostasis, intracellular replication in macrophages and virulence in a murine model of histoplasmosis. | histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungal pathogen that survives and replicates within macrophages (mphi). to identify specific genes required for intracellular survival, we utilized agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated mutagenesis, and screened for h. capsulatum insertional mutants that were unable to survive in human mphi. one colony was identified that had an insertion within vma1, the catalytic subunit a of the vacuolar atpase (v-atpase). the vma1 mutant (vma1::hph) grew normally on iron-re ... | 2008 | 18699866 |
| candida glabrata infection in gastric carcinoma patient mimicking cutaneous histoplasmosis. | candida glabrata is the second most common candida species detected among hospitalized patients in usa. in tissue c. glabrata present as yeasts, 3-5 microns in size, which are difficult to visualize on h&e stained slides but can be detected on grocott methenamine silver (gms) stained slides. the presence of yeasts only, without any hyphal elements, makes c. glabrata difficult to distinguish from histoplasma capsulatum yeasts that are of similar size. mycology culture is the method of choice for ... | 2008 | 18700118 |
| sudden onset of verrucous plaques to the face and trunk: a case of cutaneous histoplasmosis in the setting of hiv. | a 66-year-old columbian man presented with a 15-day history of generalized weakness, cough, fever, and verrucous, ulcerating plaques of the face, upper chest and back, and arms. the patient proved to be hiv positive. histopathologic examination showed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate coupled with a striking number of yeast forms within macrophages. the clinical presentation and histopathologic alterations are consistent with the diagnosis disseminated histoplasma capsulatum. this case emphasizes ... | 2008 | 18700122 |
| [aberrant forms of histoplasma capsulatum in a skin lesion]. | | 2008 | 18705493 |
| association between histoplasma exposure and stroke. | the rate of cerebrovascular events within the stroke belt, a geographic area defined in the southeastern united states, exceeds that of the rest of the nation. despite evaluation of multiple risk factors for this disparity, specific causes for the stroke belt have not been elucidated. more than 45 years ago, the us public health service and us navy cooperative skin-testing program (1958-1965) documented adolescent exposure to histoplasma capsulatum. our purpose was to evaluate the association be ... | 2008 | 18755412 |
| histoplasma capsulatum secreted gamma-glutamyltransferase reduces iron by generating an efficient ferric reductant. | the intracellular fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum (hc) resides in mammalian macrophages and causes respiratory and systemic disease. iron limitation is an important host antimicrobial defence, and iron acquisition is critical for microbial pathogenesis. hc displays several iron acquisition mechanisms, including secreted glutathione-dependent ferric reductase activity (gsh-fer). we purified this enzyme from culture supernatant and identified a novel extracellular iron reduction strategy in ... | 2008 | 18761625 |
| melanin as a virulence factor of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and other dimorphic pathogenic fungi: a minireview. | melanin pigments are substances produced by a broad variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and helminths. microbes predominantly produce melanin pigment via tyrosinases, laccases, catecholases, and the polyketide synthase pathway. in fungi, melanin is deposited in the cell wall and cytoplasm, and melanin particles ("ghosts") can be isolated from these fungi that have the same size and shape of the original cells. melanin has been reported in several human pathogenic dim ... | 2008 | 18777637 |
| conserved factors ryp2 and ryp3 control cell morphology and infectious spore formation in the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | the human fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum grows in a sporulating filamentous form in the soil and, after inhalation of infectious spores, converts to a pathogenic yeast form inside host macrophages in response to temperature. here we report the identification of two genes (ryp2 and ryp3) required for yeast-phase growth. ryp2 and ryp3 are homologous to each other and to the velvet a family of regulatory proteins in aspergillus species and other filamentous fungi. wild-type h. capsulatum gr ... | 2008 | 18791067 |
| oral histoplasmosis: an unusual presentation. | histoplasmosis is a localized or systemic fungal infection which may present as an acute primary or "reactivation" infection in the setting of immunosuppression. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) antagonists, used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and crohn disease, have been linked to reactivation of quiescent histoplasmosis. microscopically, granulomas are either not evident or are infrequent in histoplasmosis when associated with tnf antagonist therapy presumably due to the supp ... | 2009 | 18798316 |
| spectroscopic and kinetic studies of nor1, a cytochrome p450 nitric oxide reductase from the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | the fungal respiratory pathogen histoplasma capsulatum evades the innate immune response and colonizes macrophages during infection. although macrophage production of the antimicrobial effector nitric oxide (no) restricts h. capsulatum growth, the pathogen is able to establish a persistent infection. h. capsulatum contains a p450 nitric oxide reductase homologue (nor1) that may be important for detoxifying no during infection. to characterize the activity of this putative p450 enzyme, a 404 amin ... | 2008 | 18804446 |
| the effect of hydrogen-ion concentration on the yeastlike phase of histoplasma capsulatum, darling. | | 1948 | 18865293 |
| serologic studies on antigens from histoplasma capsulatum darling. | | 1948 | 18881072 |
| the efficiency of methods for the isolation of histoplasma capsulatum. | | 1948 | 18899799 |
| acid-fast property of histoplasma capsulatum. | | 1948 | 18920549 |
| molecular analysis of the penicillium marneffei glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene (gpda) and differential expression of gpda and the isocitrate lyase-encoding gene (acud) upon internalization by murine macrophages. | penicillium marneffei is an intracellular dimorphic fungus that can cause a fatal disseminated disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. the factors that affect the pathogenicity of this fungus remain unclear. here, we report the isolation and characterization of the gpda cdna and genomic clones encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) in p. marneffei. phylogenetic analysis of gapdh amino acid sequences demonstrated the evolutionary relationship of p. marneffei ... | 2008 | 18927407 |
| biological function and molecular mapping of m antigen in yeast phase of histoplasma capsulatum. | histoplasmosis, due to the intracellular fungus histoplasma capsulatum, can be diagnosed by demonstrating the presence of antibodies specific to the immunodominant m antigen. however, the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis has not been elucidated. we sought to structurally and immunologically characterize the protein, determine yeast cell surface expression, and confirm catalase activity. a 3d-rendering of the m antigen by homology modeling revealed that the structures an ... | 2008 | 18927619 |
| histoplasma capsulatum cyclophilin a mediates attachment to dendritic cell vla-5. | histoplasma capsulatum (hc) is a pathogenic fungus that replicates in macrophages (mphi). in dendritic cells (dc), hc is killed and fungal ags are processed and presented to t cells. dc recognize hc yeasts via the vla-5 receptor, whereas mphi recognize yeasts via cd18. to identify ligand(s) on hc recognized by dc, vla-5 was used to probe a far western blot of a yeast freeze/thaw extract (f/te) that inhibited hc binding to dc. vla-5 recognized a 20-kda protein, identified as cyclophilin a (cypa), ... | 2008 | 18981131 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis by histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in a paediatric patient from the chad republic, africa. | histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is an endemic mycosis of sub-saharan africa that usually affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes and bones. we present a case of a 10-year-old immunocompetent girl with severe cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses affecting the head and upper body. microscopic examination showed polar budding yeasts and short mycelium compatible with h. capsulatum var. duboisii. cultures were not possible but serology showed antibodies again ... | 2009 | 19005708 |
| [chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis diagnosed in a nonimmunosuppressed patient 10 years after returning from an endemic area]. | we report the case of a spanish nonimmunosuppressed patient who was a chronic alcoholic and who developed chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis. he had been living in venezuela until 10 years ago. the diagnosis was established when histoplasma capsulatum was cultured from bronchoscopy samples. the patient was treated with itraconazole and progressed favorably until cure. this case suggests that histoplasmosis can reactivate years after exposure, even when significant immunodeficiency is not ... | 2008 | 19006637 |
| cross-reactivity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus species in the commercial platelia aspergillus enzyme immunoassay. | cross-reactivity in the platelia aspergillus enzyme immunoassay was evaluated using 120 sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis. at a cutoff value of 0.5, positivity rates were 50%, 67%, and 50%, respectively. the implications for these findings are discussed. | 2009 | 19020109 |
| interlaboratory discrepancy of antigenuria results in 2 patients with aids and histoplasmosis. | histoplasma polysaccharide antigen testing is used routinely to diagnose histoplasmosis. at least 3 antigen tests are commercially available. controversy exists about the relative accuracy of these tests. we report 2 patients with aids and culture-confirmed histoplasma capsulatum meningitis from whom discrepant histoplasma polysaccharide antigen results were obtained from different laboratories and discuss the potential clinical implications of these results. | 2009 | 19026512 |
| gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in an hiv-infected patient living in a non-endemic area. | summary: a 36-year-old hiv-infected man presented with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss. biopsy of the duodenum and an intra-abdominal lymph node showed histoplasma capsulatum. the diagnosis of histoplasmosis was delayed as the presentation was initially ascribed to intercurrent enteric pathogens and the patient's lifetime travel history was not obtained. | 2008 | 19050222 |
| leukotrienes are potent adjuvant during fungal infection: effects on memory t cells. | leukotrienes (lts) are potent lipid mediators involved in the control of host defense. ltb(4) induces leukocyte accumulation, enhances phagocytosis and bacterial clearance, and increases no synthesis. ltb(4) is also important in early effector t cell recruitment that is mediated by ltb(4) receptor 1, the high-affinity receptor for ltb(4). the aims of this study were to evaluate whether lts are involved in the secondary immune response to vaccination in a murine model of histoplasma capsulatum in ... | 2008 | 19050273 |
| outbreak of histoplasmosis among travelers returning from el salvador--pennsylvania and virginia, 2008. | histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by infection with histoplasma capsulatum. histoplasmosis, which can be acquired from soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings, occurs worldwide and is one of the most common pulmonary and systemic mycoses in the united states. however, among international travelers returning from areas in which histoplasmosis is endemic, histoplasmosis is rare, accounting for <0.5% of all diseases diagnosed in this group. during february-march 2008, the pennsylvania ... | 2008 | 19092757 |
| reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to histoplasmosis, with a hemophagocytic syndrome in hiv infection. | immune reconstitution after initiation of antiretroviral therapy may unmask a latent infection. we report a case of disseminated histoplasma capsulatum capsulatum infection associated with a hemophagocytic syndrome in an hiv-infected patient, three weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome might be a risk factor for hemophagocytosis. | 2009 | 19095307 |
| histoplasma capsulatum proteome response to decreased iron availability. | a fundamental pathogenic feature of the fungus histoplasma capsulatum is its ability to evade innate and adaptive immune defenses. once ingested by macrophages the organism is faced with several hostile environmental conditions including iron limitation. h. capsulatum can establish a persistent state within the macrophage. a gap in knowledge exists because the identities and number of proteins regulated by the organism under host conditions has yet to be defined. lack of such knowledge is an imp ... | 2008 | 19108728 |
| [primary cutaneous histoplasmosis: case report on an immunocompetent patient and review of the literature]. | this report describes a case of primary cutaneous histoplasmosis in a 45-year-old male. the presentation consisted of an erythematous nodule on the back of the right hand, accompanied by nontender regional lymphadenomegaly that developed following local trauma that occurred during military training in a tunnel inhabited by bats. histological examination of a biopsy specimen from the skin lesion showed granulomatous infiltrate, but did not show fungal elements. culturing of this material, incubat ... | 2008 | 19142453 |
| monoclonal antibodies to heat shock protein 60 alter the pathogenesis of histoplasma capsulatum. | heat shock proteins with molecular masses of approximately 60 kda (hsp60) are widely distributed in nature and are highly conserved immunogenic molecules that can function as molecular chaperones and enhance cellular survival under physiological stress conditions. the fungus histoplasma capsulatum displays an hsp60 on its cell surface that is a key target of the cellular immune response during histoplasmosis, and immunization with this protein is protective. however, the role of humoral response ... | 2009 | 19179416 |
| risk factor analysis of histoplasma capsulatum fungemia. | the primary objective of the study was to investigate the risk factors for histoplasma capsulatum fungemia. we conducted a retrospective case-control study among patients with histoplasmosis seen at mayo clinic in rochester from 1 january 1991 through 31 december 2005. blood cultures were prepared from specimens obtained from 111 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis of which 55 had demonstrated h. capsulatum fungemia whereas the cultures of the remaining 56 patients were negative. the mea ... | 2010 | 19212893 |
| [acute encephalitis. neuropsychiatric manifestations as expression of influenza virus infection]. | the aim is to review the encephalitis in infants and adolescents as well as its etiology, clinical manifestation, epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnostic methods and treatment, and the neuropsyquiatric signs appearing an influenza epidemy. encephalitis is an inflammation of the central nervous system (cns) which involves the brain. the clinical manifestations usually are: headache, fever and confusional stage. it could also be manifested as seizures, personality changes, or psiqyiatric symptom ... | 2009 | 19240010 |
| histoplasma capsulatum cell wall {beta}-glucan induces lipid body formation through cd18, tlr2, and dectin-1 receptors: correlation with leukotriene b4 generation and role in hiv-1 infection. | histoplasma capsulatum (hc) is a facultative, intracellular parasite of worldwide significance. infection with hc produces a broad spectrum of diseases and may progress to a life-threatening systemic disease, particularly in individuals with hiv infection. resolution of histoplasmosis is associated with the activation of cell-mediated immunity, and leukotriene b(4) plays an important role in this event. lipid bodies (lbs) are increasingly being recognized as multifunctional organelles with roles ... | 2009 | 19299700 |
| histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii infection in a patient with aids: rapid diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing. | we describe an original case of disseminated infection with histoplasma capsulatum (hc) var. duboisii in an african patient with aids who migrated to switzerland. the diagnosis of histoplasmosis was suggested using direct examination of tissues and confirmed in 24 h with a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay. the variety duboisii of hc was established using dna sequencing of the polymorphic genomic region ole. molecular tools allow diagnosis of histoplasmosis in 24 h, which is drastically ... | 2009 | 19304436 |
| secreted dipeptidyl peptidase iv activity in the dimorphic fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | dipeptidyl peptidase type iv (dppiv) enzymes are broadly distributed phylogenetically and display diverse functions, including intercellular signaling, immunomodulation, protein maturation and processing, metabolism, and nutrient acquisition. we identified a secreted proteolytic activity in histoplasma capsulatum effective toward dppiv-specific substrates. in order to determine the gene(s) that encodes this activity, we identified two putative dppiv homologs (hcdppiva and hcdppivb) in h. capsula ... | 2009 | 19349421 |
| histoplasmosis. | histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis causing human infection. large outbreaks have been ascribed to histoplasmosis, but most infections are sporadic. similar to the other fungi in this category, initial exposure to histoplasma capsulatum is by way of the respiratory tract, but once inhaled into the alveoli, the organism readily spreads in macrophages throughout the reticuloendothelial system. compared with a decade ago, improvements in diagnostic tests have made it feasible to more ... | 2009 | 19375629 |
| [molecular diagnosis of human histoplasmosis in whole blood samples]. | to assess the value of using whole blood samples for the molecular diagnosis of histoplasmosis, we applied an in-house dna extraction method and a nested pcr targeting a 210 bp specific segment of the histoplasma capsulatum hcp100 gene. a whole blood volume of 2.5-3 milliliters was centrifuged and the cellular pellet was treated with trichoderma harzianum lyticase and proteinase k prior to applying a conventional phenol dna extraction. this procedure allowed complete cell lysis, high dna yield a ... | 2009 | 19391520 |
| interleukins 17 and 23 influence the host response to histoplasma capsulatum. | host defenses against histoplasma capsulatum require the action of several cytokines. here, we explored the influence of interleukin (il)-17 and il-23 on immunity to h. capsulatum infection in mice. in lungs, synthesis of il-17 was up-regulated during acute infection, and the cells producing it were predominantly cd3(+). neutralization of il-17a blunted fungal clearance but did not promote progressive infection. decreased inflammatory cell recruitment and increased levels of il-6 and il-10 were ... | 2009 | 19469707 |
| methamphetamine enhances histoplasmosis by immunosuppression of the host. | the effect of methamphetamine on the host response to an opportunistic pathogen has not been extensively described. methamphetamine is a major public health and safety problem in the united states. chronic methamphetamine abuse is associated with a 2-fold higher risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection and, possibly, additional infections. histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that is endemic in the midwest of the united states and that causes respiratory and systemic disease, parti ... | 2009 | 19473099 |
| combined therapy with amphotericin b and caspofungin in an experimental model of disseminated histoplasmosis. | to assess the effect of amphotericin b and caspofungin, as well as their combinations in the therapy of experimental disseminated histoplasmosis. | 2009 | 19507469 |
| the ccl7-ccl2-ccr2 axis regulates il-4 production in lungs and fungal immunity. | expression of the chemokine receptor ccr2 can be detrimental or beneficial for infection resolution. herein, we examined whether ccr2 was requisite for control of infection by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. h. capsulatum-infected ccr2(-/-) mice manifested defects in inflammatory cell recruitment, increased il-4, and progressive infection. increased il-4 in ccr2(-/-) mice primarily contributed to decreased host resistance as demonstrated by the ability of il-4-neutralized ccr2(-/-) ... | 2009 | 19587014 |
| leukotriene b4-loaded microspheres as a new approach to enhance antimicrobial responses in histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice. | histoplasmosis is a pulmonary disease characterised by chronic granulomatous and suppurative inflammatory reactions caused by histoplasma capsulatum. regarding new therapies to control fungal infections, the aim of this study was to investigate whether pulmonary administration of leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4))-loaded microspheres (ms) could confer protection to 5-lipoxygenase knockout (5-lo(-/-)) mice infected by h. capsulatum. in this study, ms containing ltb(4) were administered intranasally to mic ... | 2009 | 19604676 |
| [histoplasmosis mimicking tuberculosis spondylodiscitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. | osteoarticular infection caused by lt i gt histoplasma capsulatum lt i gt is rare in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) making its diagnosis difficult. in the immunocompetent individuals this infection is autolimited or localized, while in immunodepressed patients the infection may be disseminated, and represents the reactivation of latent focuses or exogenous acquisition. fungemia occurs in 20% of the cases; bones and joints are involved in 15%, being the spine the most common site of infection. we desc ... | 2008 | 18846017 |
| successful treatment of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is an overwhelming inflammatory response, associated with an outpouring of cytokines and inappropriate activation of the macrophage system, causing severe morbidity and possible death. hlh has inherited and acquired forms. secondary hlh can be related to any number of underlying conditions including infections, malignancy and autoimmune diseases. there are similarities between "cytokine storm" seen in hlh and the clinical findings of avian influenza. we r ... | 2008 | 18854090 |