| interaction of carthamus tinctorius lignan arctigenin with the binding site of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. | mediterranean carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is used for treatment of inflammatory conditions and neuropsychiatric disorders. recently c. tinctorius lignans arctigenin and trachelogenin but not matairesinol were described to interfere with the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. we examined a potential direct influence of compounds on ido enzyme activity applying computational calculations based on 3d geometr ... | 2013 | 24251110 |
| towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of carthamus tinctorius l. in traditional chinese medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. | carthamus tinctorius l. (compositae), a widely used traditional chinese medicine, was known as hong hua (chinese: ), safflower. safflower with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects has been used to treat dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain and mass, trauma and pain of joints, etc. the present paper reviews the advancements in investigation of botany and ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of safflower. finally, the possible tendency and perspective ... | 2014 | 24212075 |
| alteration of the erk5 pathway by hydroxysafflor yellow a blocks expression of mef2c in activated hepatic stellate cells in vitro: potential treatment for hepatic fibrogenesis. | abstract context: hepatic fibrosis ultimately leads to cirrhosis if not treated effectively. hepatic stellate cells (hsc) are a main mediator of hepatic fibrosis through the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. suppression activation of passaged hsc has been proposed as therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of hepatic fibrosis. objective: to evaluate the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), an active chemical compound derived from the flowers of carthamus tinctor ... | 2013 | 24192313 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a of carthamus tinctorius attenuates lung injury of aged rats exposed to gasoline engine exhaust by down-regulating platelet activation. | long-term inhalation of gasoline engine exhaust (gee) increases the risk of respiratory disease. studies have suggested involvement of platelets in the development of some lung diseases. hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), a flavonoid compound, prevents hemostasis. therefore, we investigated its effects on gee-induced lung injury, and role of platelets in injury. sixty-week-old male sprague-dawley rats were exposed to gee for 4h/day for 6 weeks, and then grouped as follows: control, gee, gee+hsya, g ... | 2014 | 24192212 |
| correlation of basic oil quality indices and electrical properties of model vegetable oil systems. | model vegetable oil mixtures with significantly different basic oil quality indices (free fatty acid, iodine, and totox values) were prepared by adding oleic acids, synthetic saturated triglycerides, or oxidized safflower oil ( carthamus tinctorius ) to the oleic type of sunflower oil. dielectric constants, dielectric loss factors, quality factors, and electrical conductivities of model lipids were determined at frequencies from 50 hz to 2 mhz and at temperatures from 293.15 to 323.15 k. the dep ... | 2013 | 24191675 |
| chemotherapeutic activities of carthami flos and its reversal effect on multidrug resistance in cancer cells. | multidrug-resistance (mdr) represents a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy. the need for a reduction in mdr by natural-product-based drugs of low toxicity led to the current investigation of applying medicinal herbs in future cancer adjuvant therapy. carthami flos (cf), the dried flower of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), is one of the most popular traditional chinese medicinal herbs used to alleviate pain, increase circulation, and reduce blood-stasis syndrome. the drug resistanc ... | 2013 | 24146498 |
| [on-line monitoring of extraction process of danhong injection based on near-infrared spectroscopy]. | to establish a rapid quantitative analysis method for the quality control of danhong injection extraction using near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy. | 2013 | 24010271 |
| dysregulation of kshv replication by extracts from carthamus tinctorius l. | carthamus tinctorius l. (ct) is traditionally used to reduce ailments from diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of blood circulation and the cardiovascular system. flower extracts from ct are known to have antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and to inhibit tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis. in order to discover new antiviral agents from ct extracts, we tested whether ct extracts contain antiviral activity against gammaherpesvirus in ... | 2013 | 23990301 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-apoptotic effect through pi3k/akt/gsk3β pathway in rat. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is the major active chemical component of the flower of the safflower plant, carthamus tinctorius l. previously, its neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) injury was reported by anti-oxidant action and suppression of thrombin generation. here, we investigate the role of hsya in cerebral i/r-mediated apoptosis and possible signaling pathways. male wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h, followed by 24 h ... | 2013 | 23990223 |
| amelioration of danhong injection on the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated systemic acute inflammatory reaction via multi-target strategy. | systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs), leading to dire consequences, is a serious and fatal disease in clinic. danhong injection (dhi), one of the most popular medications for coronary heart disease and cerebral ischemia, plays pharmacological actions through inhibiting local inflammation. nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory effect of dhi has not been reported before and has not been fully clarified. | 2013 | 23954279 |
| [hyperspectral characteristics of carthamus tinctorius in xinjiang region]. | investigation of traditional chinese medicine resources is the most important issue of the protection and use of traditional chinese medicine resources. real-time monitoring of medicinal plant species and coverage of an area are of great significance to the sustainable development of the medicinal plant species diversity and ecological environment. flower has unique spectral characteristics. comparing the vegetative stage through the flowering stage it is easier to identify species. the flowerin ... | 2013 | 23944064 |
| mechanism of enhanced oral absorption of hydrophilic drug incorporated in hydrophobic nanoparticles. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is an effective ingredient of the chinese herb carthamus tinctorius l, which has high water solubility and low oral bioavailability. this research aims to develop a hydrophobic nanoparticle that can enhance the oral absorption of hsya. transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replication transmission election microscopy showed that the hsya nanoparticles have an irregular shape and a narrow size distribution. zonula occludens 1 protein (zo-1) labeling s ... | 2013 | 23935363 |
| genetic assessment of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) collection with microsatellite markers acquired via pyrosequencing method. | a genetic evaluation of safflower germplasm collections derived from different geographical regions and countries will provide useful information for sustainable conservation and the utilization of genetic diversity. however, the molecular marker information is limited for evaluation of genetic diversity of safflower germplasm. in this study, we acquired 509 putative genomic ssr markers for sufficient genome coverage using next-generation sequencing methods and characterized thirty polymorphic s ... | 2014 | 23875976 |
| lignans from carthamus tinctorius suppress tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. | seed extracts of carthamus tinctorius l. (asteraceae), safflower, have been traditionally used to treat coronary disease, thrombotic disorders, and menstrual problems but also against cancer and depression. a possible effect of c. tinctorius compounds on tryptophan-degrading activity of enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) could explain many of its activities. to test for an effect of c. tinctorius extracts and isolated compounds on cytokine-induced ido activity in immunocompetent cells in v ... | 2013 | 23867649 |
| systems pharmacology strategies for drug discovery and combination with applications to cardiovascular diseases. | multi-target therapeutics is a promising paradigm for drug discovery which is expected to produce greater levels of efficacy with fewer adverse effects and toxicity than monotherapies. medical herbs featuring multi-components and multi-targets may serve as valuable resources for network-based multi-target drug discovery. | 2014 | 23850710 |
| preventive and therapeutic effects of danhong injection on lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice. | danhong injection (dhi), a chinese materia medica standardized product extracted from radix et rhizoma salviae miltiorrhizae (salvia miltiorrhiza bge., labiatae, danshen in chinese) and flos carthami (carthamus tinctorius l., compositae, honghua in chinese), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-fibrinolytic properties, which is used extensively for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic. | 2013 | 23850708 |
| inhibitory effect of hydroxysafflor yellow a on mouse skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet irradiation. | chronic exposure to ultraviolet (uv) irradiation is believed to be the major cause of skin damage that results in premature aging of the skin, so called photoaging, characterized by increases in skin thickness, formation of wrinkles, and loss of skin elasticity. uv induces damage to skin mainly by oxidative stress and collagen degradation. in this study, we examined the photo-protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), a major active chemical component isolated from carthamus tinctorius ... | 2013 | 23822553 |
| natural deep eutectic solvents as a new extraction media for phenolic metabolites in carthamus tinctorius l. | developing green solvents with low toxicity and cost is an important issue for the biochemical industry. synthetic ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have received considerable attention due to their negligible volatility at room temperature, high solubilization ability, and tunable selectivity. however, the potential toxicity of the synthetic ionic liquids and the solid state at room temperature of most deep eutectic solvents hamper their application as extraction solvents. in this study, ... | 2013 | 23710664 |
| a systematic, integrated study on the neuroprotective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow a revealed by (1)h nmr-based metabonomics and the nf-κb pathway. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is the main active component of the chinese herb carthamus tinctorius l.. purified hsya is used as a neuroprotective agent to prevent cerebral ischemia. injectable safflor yellow (50 mg, containing 35 mg hsya) is widely used to treat patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease. however, it is unknown how hsya exerts a protective effect on cerebral ischemia at the molecular level. a systematical integrated study, including histopathological examination, neu ... | 2013 | 23710208 |
| carthamus red from carthamus tinctorius l. exerts antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect against ccl(4)-induced liver damage in rats via the nrf2 pathway. | carthamus red isolated from safflower (carthamus tinctorius l., a chinese traditional medicine) is evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. | 2013 | 23684718 |
| two new glycosides from the florets of carthamus tinctorius. | two new glycoside compounds, named saffloquinoside c (1) and (-)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid-4-o-[6'-o-(2″-methylbutyryl)-β-d-glucopyranoside] (2), were isolated from the florets of carthamus tinctorius. their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic means including uv, ir, hr-esi-ms, 1d and 2d nmr, and cd data. compound 1 was a rare quinochalcone glycoside with six five-membered dioxaspirocycle. | 2013 | 23600648 |
| effects of carthamus tinctorius l. on the ovarian histomorphology and the female reproductive hormones in mice. | carthamus tinctorius l. (safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which had been classified as a fertility regulator in the traditional medicine. the purpose of this study was to investigate its possible effects on the ovarian histomorphology and the levels of female reproductive hormones in the mice. | 2013 | 25050271 |
| activation of pparγ is required for hydroxysafflor yellow a of carthamus tinctorius to attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by oxidative stress. | oxidative stress caused hepatic fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells (hscs), which were implemented by depressing pparγ activation. hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) as a nature active ingredient with antioxidant capacity was able to effectively attenuate oxidative stress mediated injury. so it will be very interesting to study effect of hsya on hscs activation and liver fibrosis, and reveal the role of pparγ·ccl4 and h2o2 were used to mimic oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury in vitr ... | 2013 | 23523101 |
| neuroprotective effect of kaempferol glycosides against brain injury and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of nf-κb and stat3 in transient focal stroke. | ischemic brain injury is associated with neuroinflammatory response, which essentially involves glial activation and neutrophil infiltration. transcription factors nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) contribute to ischemic neuroinflammatory processes and secondary brain injury by releasing proinflammatory mediators. kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside (krs) and kaempferol-3-o- glucoside (kgs) are primary flavonoids found in carthamus tinctorius l. recen ... | 2013 | 23437066 |
| protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow a on β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in pc12 cells. | the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β peptide (aβ) has been considered as one of the important causes of alzheimer's disease (ad), the most prevalent form of dementia. hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), a major active chemical component isolated from carthamus tinctorius l., has been shown to possess neuroprotective actions in various ischemic models in vivo. the present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of hsya against aβ-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochr ... | 2013 | 23420419 |
| safflor yellow a protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro. | to investigate the effects of safflor yellow a (sya), a flavonoid extracted from carthamus tinctorius l, on cultured rat cardiomyocytes exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (a/r). | 2013 | 23396376 |
| nmr solution structure study of the representative component hydroxysafflor yellow a and other quinochalcone c-glycosides from carthamus tinctorius. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), a representative component of carthamus tinctorius, has attracted much attention because of its remarkable cardiovascular activities. its structure was originally reported in 1993 and has been widely cited to date. in our experiments, its solution structure was studied using nmr techniques in different solvents, including dmso-d(6), pyridine-d(5), and cd(3)oh. the results indicate that the structure of hsya is different than the previously described 1b, with 3-eno ... | 2013 | 23387865 |
| phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of carthamus tinctorius l. | carthamus tinctorius l. is commonly known as safflower. c. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. this plant is cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil. for a long time c. tinctorius has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. it is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum hemorrhage and osteoporosis. c. tinctorius has ... | 2013 | 23371463 |
| sequence analysis of kpni repeat sequences to revisit the phylogeny of the genus carthamus l. | repetitive dna sequences constitute a significant proportion of eukaryotic genomes. knowledge about the distribution of repetitive dna sequences is necessary in order to gain insights into the organization, evolution and behavior of eukaryotic genomes. therefore, we used two repetitive dna sequences pctkpni-i and pctkpni-ii, earlier reported in carthamus tinctorius l. to study the phylogeny and to revise the taxonomic status of the taxa belonging to the genus. the study unraveled two major lines ... | 2013 | 23306889 |
| evaluation of the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of individual and combined extracts of panax notoginseng and carthamus tinctorius in rats. | the decoction of combined panax notoginseng (burk) f.h. chen and carthamus tinctorius l. has a history of use in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. | 2013 | 23237935 |
| the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedlings raised from seed treated with chitosan. | salt tolerance is a complex trait which involves the coordinated action of many genes that perform a variety of functions, such as ion sequestration, metabolic adjustment, osmotic adjustment and antioxidative defence. in this article, the growth and the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ros) under normal (eciw [electrical conductivity of irrigation water] = 0.5 ds m(-1)) and salt stress conditions (eciw = 3.4, 6.1, 8.6 and 10.8 ds m(-1) ) in relation to the priming of seeds o ... | 2013 | 23197363 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial a549 cells. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is an active ingredient obtained from the flower of carthamus tinctorius l. the present study investigated the effects of hsya on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial a549 cells. a549 cells stimulated with lps were incubated with three doses of hsya (1, 4 and 16μmol/l). hsya suppressed the expression of tlr-4, myd88, icam-1, tnfα, il-1β and il-6 at the mrna and protein level, and inhibited the adhesion of le ... | 2013 | 23160090 |
| effects of carthamus tinctorius on semen quality and gonadal hormone levels in partially sterile male rats. | traditional herbal medicine is just one of the many different approaches using plants in the remedy of diseases. carthamus tinctorius (ct) or safflower is a popular plant that is used for coloring and flavoring in food industries. the effect of ct on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters has been reported in traditional medicine but has not yet been confirmed scientifically. therefore, this study was designed to determine the effects of ct on spermatogenesis and the male reproductive system in an ... | 2012 | 23136631 |
| kinetic study on the tyrosinase and melanin formation inhibitory activities of carthamus yellow isolated from carthamus tinctorius l. | carthamus yellow (cy) is the major component of the yellow pigments of carthamus tinctorius l. cy has been extensively used as a natural color additive for food and cosmetics. here, our results demonstrate that carthamus yellow reduced the activity of mushroom tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) value of approximately 1.01 ± 0.03 mg/ml. a kinetic study of carthamus yellow on tyrosinase exhibited a mode of competitive inhibition with a ki of ... | 2013 | 23063243 |
| enhanced absorption of hydroxysafflor yellow a using a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), the main active ingredient of the safflower plant (carthamus tinctorius l.), is a hydrophilic drug with low oral bioavailability. water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions may enhance the oral absorption of hsya. in this study, we prepared a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (sdedds) to improve the absorption of hsya. sdedds consists of water in oil emulsions and hydrophilic surfactants that can self-emulsify into w/o/w double emulsions in the aque ... | 2012 | 22888246 |
| the effects of carthamus tinctorius l. on placental histomorphology and survival of the neonates in mice. | carthamus tinctorius l. (safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. this study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates. | 2012 | 25050244 |
| the first illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of safflower flowers. | the safflower, carthamus tinctorius l., is a worldwide oil crop, and its flowers, which have a high flavonoid content, are an important medicinal resource against cardiovascular disease in traditional medicine. because the safflower has a large and complex genome, the development of its genomic resources has been delayed. second-generation illumina sequencing is now an efficient route for generating an enormous volume of sequences that can represent a large number of genes and their expression l ... | 2012 | 22723874 |
| antiulcer screening of carthamus tinctorius on volume and acidity of stimulated gastric secretion in rats. | | 2012 | 22629096 |
| serum containing tongqiaohuoxue decoction suppresses glutamate-induced pc12 cell injury. | glutamate application is an established method of inducing pc12 cell injury. pc12 cells were cultured with serum containing tongqiaohuoxue decoction consisting of moschus, carthamus tinctorius, rhizoma chuanxiong, semen pruni persicae, and radix paeoniae rubra. after 24 hours of co-cultivation, glutamate (12.5 mm) was added to the culture medium. we found that serum containing tongqiaohuoxue decoction prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species, and the decreases in superoxide dismutase an ... | 2012 | 25722704 |
| in-silico and in-vivo analyses of est databases unveil conserved mirnas from carthamus tinctorius and cynara cardunculus. | micrornas (mirnas) are small rnas (21-24 bp) providing an rna-based system of gene regulation highly conserved in plants and animals. in plants, mirnas control mrna degradation or restrain translation, affecting development and responses to stresses. plant mirnas show imperfect but extensive complementarity to mrna targets, making their computational prediction possible, useful when data mining is applied on different species. in this study we used a comparative approach to identify both mirnas ... | 2012 | 22536958 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a alleviates early inflammatory response of bleomycin-induced mice lung injury. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is an effective ingredient of chinese herb carthamus tinctorius l. the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of hsya on inflammatory phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury in mice. three doses of hsya (26.7, 40, 60 mg/kg/d) were intraperitoneally injected to mice consecutively for 1 week after bleomycin administration. it was found that hsya attenuated the loss in body weight, the increase of myeloperoxidase activity and pathologic changes of ... | 2012 | 22466555 |
| [effects of the chinese patent medicine, honghua injection, on platelet glycoprotein iib/iii a receptors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial]. | glycoprotein (gp) iib/iiia is an important index for assessing the function of platelets. to investigate the effects of honghua injection, a chinese patent medicine made from extracts of carthamus tinctorius l, on gp iib/iiia is a key study in evaluating the inhibition properties of honghua injection on platelet aggregation. | 2012 | 22409922 |
| protective effect of flos carthami extract against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. | flos carthami (fc), also known as carthamus tinctorius, is a traditional chinese herbal plant that has been prescribed since centuries for treating various symptoms related to blood circulation improvement. this study aimed to investigate the effects of fc on calcium oxalate (caox) formation in ethylene glycol (eg)-fed rats. a total of 50 male sprague-dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: group 1, as the normal control (n = 5); group 2 received gastric gavages of starch and 0.75% ... | 2012 | 22398437 |
| toxic effects of carthamus tinctorius l. (safflower) extract on mouse spermatogenesis. | to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of carthamus tinctorius l., also named safflower, on mouse spermatogenesis. | 2012 | 22395857 |
| de novo transcriptome of safflower and the identification of putative genes for oleosin and the biosynthesis of flavonoids. | safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) is one of the most extensively used oil crops in the world. however, little is known about how its compounds are synthesized at the genetic level. in this study, solexa-based deep sequencing on seed, leaf and petal of safflower produced a de novo transcriptome consisting of 153,769 unigenes. we annotated 82,916 of the unigenes with gene annotation and assigned functional terms and specific pathways to a subset of them. metabolic pathway analysis revealed that ... | 2012 | 22363528 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a attenuates lymphostatic encephalopathy-induced brain injury in rats. | hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) is a main chemical component of the flower of carthamus tinctorius. the present study investigated whether hsya could attenuate brain injury induced by lymphostatic encephalopathy (le). this was induced in adult male wistar rats by cervical lymphatic blockade (clb). heart rate variability (hrv) was used as an indirect measurement of the regulatory function of the autonomic nervous system by recording the ecg signals from rats. it was shown that treatment with hsya ... | 2012 | 22318911 |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya) from flowers of carthamus tinctorius l. and its vasodilatation effects on pulmonary artery. | flowers of carthamus tinctorius l. are traditionally used in china to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. hydroxysafflor yellow a (hsya), the main constituent of carthamus tinctorius l. flowers, is known for its multiple biological activities. in the present study, hsya was isolated from carthamus tinctorius l. flowers by a macroporous resin adsorption chromatography method coupled with a waters high-throughput auto-purification system and it's vasodilatation effects on pulmonary ... | 2012 | 23519263 |
| effects of medicinal herb extracts and their components on steatogenic hepatotoxicity in sk-hep1 cells. | herbal medicines are widely used in many countries for the treatment of many diseases. although the use of herb extracts as alternative medicine is growing, their toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated. in this study, we have investigated the effects of water and ethanol extracts of 18 herbs on the hepatic lipid metabolism and steatogenic hepatotoxicity. ethanol extracts of cirsium japonicum, carthamus tinctorius, rehmanniae glutinosa (preparata), polygala tenuifolia, foe ... | 2011 | 24278574 |
| spectrophotometric determination of total serotonin derivatives in the safflower seeds with ehrlich's reagent and the underlying color reaction mechanism. | a new spectrophotometric method for the determination of total serotonin derivatives in the safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) seeds is described. the determination is based upon a color reaction between serotonin derivatives and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (ehrlich's reagent), which follows the electrophilic substitution reaction mechanism at the indole ring. the main factors affecting correct measurement of total serotonin derivatives concentration were studied. the maximum absorption wavelen ... | 2008 | 26059161 |
| immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide fractions from dried safflower petals. | in the course of screening for immunomodulators, we found a significant blastogenic activity specific for splenic b cells in the extracts of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). active fractions termed sf1 and sf2 were purified from dried petals of safflower by boiling water extraction, ethanol precipitation and sepharose cl-2b column chromatography. the elution profiles of the gel filtration indicated that the molecular weight of sf1 and sf2 was estimated to be more than 100 kd. major component ... | 1997 | 22358893 |
| superoxide-scavenging and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities of the extracts of some chinese medicines. | the superoxide-scavenging and the tyrosinase-inhibitory activities of 28 kinds of plants used as chinese medicines were evaluated. methanol/water extracts were used for the screening tests, and for those which represented high activities, other kinds of extracts were also studied. the extracts of mallotus japonicus muell. arg. scavenged superoxide strongly; the half-inhibiting concentration (ic50) of its 50% methanol/water extract was 10.57 μg of dried material in 1 ml of reaction mixture. the e ... | 1997 | 27396888 |
| efficiency of early generation selections for yield and related characters in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | the efficiency of early generation selection for yield and related characters in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) was studied in the f2, f3 and f4 generations. twenty-five f2 progenies derived from various crosses were studied. in the f2 generation, number of capitula per plant (cnsp), number of seeds per capitulum (spsp), test weight (swsp), and seed yield (sysp) were the criteria used for single plant selection. the analysis of variance showed significant differences for all of the characte ... | 1994 | 24177844 |
| in vitro induction of androgenic haploids in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | the influence of culture medium on induction of androgenic calli was examined with five different basal media. ms medium was the most responsive in inducing callus. differences in induction of calli among ten genotypes revealed that the most responsive genotype was a local cultivar, mangira, with 48.6% anthers initiating callus formation. the influence of temperature pre-treatment (5°±1°c) for varying periods (0 to 15 days) on immature capitula prior to inoculation of anthers on the medium revea ... | 1991 | 24226164 |
| the action of phosphatidate phosphatase on the fatty-acid composition of safflower triacylglycerol and spinach glycerolipids. | the microsomal phosphatidate phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.4) in maturing seeds of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) was specific and selective for unsaturated phosphatidates. the relative order of specificity for phosphatidate molecular species was 1,2-dilinoleoyl = 1,2-dioleoyl > 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl > 1,2-dilauroyl = 1,2-dimyristoyl > 1,2-dipalmitoyl. the order of selectivity was similar to that of the specificity. the broad selectivity for unsaturated phosphatidate species (1,2-di-unsaturated-acyl ... | 1991 | 24193745 |
| a rapid method for purification of organelles for dna isolation: self-generated percoll gradients. | self-generated percoll gradients have been used for rapid purification of crude chloroplasts and mitochondria, obtained by common differential centrifugation techniques. such purified organelles were used for isolating dna from safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), various solanaceae, and numerous somatic hybrids. the method is simple, has the advantage of not requiring dnase, and is particularly well suited when only limited amounts of aseptically grown shoots are avai ... | 1988 | 24241541 |
| the utilisation of fatty-acid substrates in triacylglycerol biosynthesis by tissue-slices of developing safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) cotyledons. | developing cotyledons of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) readily utilised exogenously supplied (14)c-labelled fatty-acid substrates for the synthesis of triacylglycerols. the other major radioactive lipids were phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol. in safflower cotyledons, [(14)c]oleate was rapidly transferred to position 2 of sn-phosphatidylcholine and concomitant with this was the appearance of radioactive linoleate. the linoleate was further utilised ... | 1988 | 24226537 |
| safflower microsomes catalyse oil accumulation in vitro: a model system. | microsomal membrane preparations from the developing cotyledons of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) seed catalyse the formation of triacylglycerol fromsn-glycerol 3-phosphate and linoleoyl-coa. conditions of incubation were achieved in which the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis approached activities which were compatible with oil accumulation observed in vivo. reaction mixtures which contained the microsomes took on a white soup-like appearance as triacylglycerol synthesis proceeded and suff ... | 1986 | 24232426 |
| physical and genetic mapping of safflower chloroplast dna : location of psba, rbcl, atpa and rrna. | a physical map of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) chloroplast dna has been generated using sali, psti, kpni and hindiii restriction endonucleases. the circular plastid genome (151 kbp) has the usual inverted repeat. heterologous probes containing psba, rbcl, atpa or rrna structural genes mapped colinearly with spinach and other chloroplast genomes. | 1985 | 24310941 |
| construction and mapping of safflower chloroplast dna recombinants and location of selected gene markers. | dna was isolated and purified from chloroplasts of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), digested with hindiii restriction endonuclease, and ligated into the hindiii site of the plasmid puc9. recombinant dnas were isolated from ampicillin resistant white colonies which grew in the presence of the appropriate indicator, digested with hindiii, and then identified by comparison of agarose gel electrophoretic mobilities. hindiii digests of chloroplast dna were used as a standard. such recombinants we ... | 1985 | 24253119 |
| fatty-acid synthesis in plastids from maturing safflower and linseed cotyledons. | plastids isolated from maturing, nongreen safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) cotyledons yielded unesterified fatty acids as the predominant product of fatty-acid synthesis from [1-(14)c]acetate. exogenous reduced pyridine nucleotides were not required for this synthesis, but [1-(14)c]acetate incorporation was absolutely dependent on addition of atp. linseed (linum usitatissimum l.) cotyledons are green during development and plastids isolated from them resembled leaf chloroplasts with developed ... | 1985 | 24241314 |
| restriction endonuclease cleavage site map of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) chloroplast dna. | the restriction endonucleases sali, psti, kpni and hindiii have been used to construct a physical map of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) chloroplast dna. this was accomplished by hybridizing southern blots of single and double digested chloroplast dna with (32)p-dctp nick-translated sali, kpni and hindiii probes which were individually isolated from agarose gels. the chloroplast dna was found to be circular and to contain approximately 151 kbp. in common with many other higher plant chloropl ... | 1985 | 24254111 |
| genetic analysis of seed yield, oil content and their components in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | the genetic architecture of seed yield, oil content and their components was studied in a diallel cross of f1 and f2: eleven parents, representing an adequate diversity for all considered characters in safflower were used. combining ability analysis revealed the predominance of gca variance for plant height, total capitula, seed weight, seed number and seed yield in f1 and f2 generations and for days to flowering and oil content in f1. the analysis of components of variance indicated that the no ... | 1981 | 24276693 |
| isozymes of the glycolytic and pentose-phosphate pathways in storage tissues of different oilseeds. | isozymes of hexose-phosphate isomerase (hpi; ec 5.3.1.9), pyruvate kinase (pk; ec 2.7.1.40) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh; ec 1.1.1.44) have been detected in the developing cotyledons of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.), safflower (carthamnus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). in each seed there are two isozymes each of pk and hpi. the isozyme patterns of 6pgdh are more complex: soybean has two forms of the enzyme, safflower three, and sunflower six. in each tissu ... | 1980 | 24306476 |
| an analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | inter-relationships of various component characters with yield and oil content were analysed using 215 entries of safflower from india and u.s.a. correlation of capsule number per plant and capsule weight with yield per plant was pronounced and they showed large direct effects on yield. all other components influenced seed yield mainly through these two components. seed size had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. the proportion of hull expressed as per cent of ... | 1977 | 24407768 |
| adaptation of safflower genotypes carthamus tinctorius l. | adaptation reactions of 33 genotypes of safflower carthamus tinctorius l. were studied under 7 different climatic conditions. the genotpyes were divided into two sets. set i consisted of 15 genotpyes selected from the local populations. set ii had 15 introduced and local varieties. three control genotpyes, ute, ferio, and local arak, were common to both sets.genotpye-environment interaction was not significant for set i but it was highly significant for set ii. three environmental indices were o ... | 1977 | 24407215 |
| evaluation of the germ plasm collection of safflower carthamus tinctorius l. vi. length of planting to flowering period and plant height in israel, utah and washington. | germ plasm collections of safflower, carthamus tinctorius l. were evaluated for variability and divergence in two traits which are strongly influenced by the environment, viz. length of the growing period from planting to flowering (gppf) and plant height. the test locations were: bet-dagan, israel, 1969, about 2000 lines; logan, utah, usa, 1964, about 1000 lines; washington, usa, 1959, 339 lines. natural selection produced a wide range of variation for length of the gppf: there were considerabl ... | 1975 | 24420178 |