| response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens is enhanced by monoclonal antibodies. | t lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients and from healthy skin test ppd-positive subjects show a remarkably increased proliferative response in culture to purified protein derivative (ppd) when three anti-mycobacterial monoclonal antibodies are added together with the antigen. this indicates an important role played by antibodies in the t cell response to the tuberculous infection. | 1991 | 1805883 |
| [resistance to pyrazinamide in tuberculosis patients]. | | 1991 | 1805960 |
| [a case report: septicemia caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in burundi]. | the authors report a case of septicaemia due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in one aids patient. this case arouse the interest of the clinicians for a systematic study on blood dissemination of mycobacterium tuberculosis in all patients with hiv infections prolonged fever of unknown origin. | 1991 | 1807851 |
| sputum examination in the screening and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. | pulmonary tuberculosis is not uncommon in the elderly, particularly those in institutions, and is notoriously difficult to diagnose. few bacilli are excreted by individuals with non-cavitating disease and positive cultures are usually required to confirm the diagnosis. radiography is a poor screening method, and the role of the mantoux test in this population controversial. the value of sputum culture as a screening procedure in elderly people with a productive cough was therefore investigated. ... | 1991 | 1808644 |
| external quality control of mycobacterial laboratories in the czech and slovak federal republic and in the former german democratic republic. | simulated samples of sputa respectively negative sputa artificially contaminated with mycobacteria were sent to mycobacteriological laboratories in csfr and the former gdr for the purpose of conducting an external quality control of the process employed in bacteriological examination. the average percentage of positive results corresponding with the reference material came to 75.7% in csfr and 92.0% in former gdr. methodological differences influencing the results of external laboratory control ... | 1991 | 1808856 |
| koch's phenomenon: can it be corrected? | | 1991 | 1811354 |
| diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic non-compliance in a case of intracranial tuberculoma. | a case of extensive intracranial tuberculoma is presented. the patient had been treated for 5 years with a standard antituberculosis regimen but she had been grossly non-compliant. this had led to emergence of multi-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis producing progressive disease and extensive cranial nerve damage and proptosis. the unusual ct and angiographic appearances cast doubt on the original diagnosis and a brain biopsy was necessary. mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, r ... | 1991 | 1811363 |
| penicillinase elisa for detection of tubercular antigen in tuberculosis. | stick sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using rabbit anti ppd-rt 23 immunoglobulins and enzyme penicillinase has been explored for detection of tubercular antigen in sera and csf samples of pulmonary tuberculosis and tubercular meningitis (tbm) respectively. the analysis of sera showed 73.3% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 16.2% of healthy controls and 44.4% of hansen's disease positive for tubercular antigen. the accuracies of positive and negative predictive values were 69% a ... | 1991 | 1812161 |
| [etiological diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by polymerase chain reaction]. | by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique in amplifying a reparative dna sequence specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogenic bacterium in paraffin-embedded tissue was identified. a 123-base-pair fragment, specific pcr product, was obtained from all 12 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis and 4 out of 10 cases in which tuberculosis was suspected. in the 4 suspected cases, 3 cases showed good results when treated by anti-tuberculosis therapy. the remaining case was lost from fo ... | 1991 | 1813159 |
| interferon gamma fails to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill or inhibit the replication of a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species. | the ability of interferon gamma (gamma) to activate human macrophages to kill mycobacteria was investigated using a mycobacterial species that does not cause disease in man. although interferon activated human macrophage activity against other intracellular parasites, toxoplasma gondii and listeria monocytogenes, it failed to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to kill not only mycobacterium tuberculosis but also the non-pathogenic species, mycobacterium phlei. | 1991 | 1813779 |
| comparative bioavailability and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of two different brands of rifampicin. | a comparative bioavailability study was undertaken between a new formulation of rifampicin 'famcin' and a standard formulation of rifampicin 'r-cin' in eight healthy male volunteers at two dose levels: 300 mg and 450 mg given orally under both single dose and steady state conditions. plasma rifampicin was assayed spectrophotometrically. the study documented comparable rate and extent of bioavailability. (cmax, tmax and auc0-infinity) and elimination half-lives (t1/2) of the two brands of rifampi ... | 1991 | 1814740 |
| circulating immune complexes in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis. | circulating immune complexes (ics) were isolated from cerebrospinal fluids (csfs) of patients with tuberculous meningitis (tbm), non-tuberculous neurological diseases by a polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation method. mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 was detected in cics of 30% patients with tbm, by sandwich elisa. cic level decreases during antituberculosis chemotherapy and therefore its detection can provide a method to monitor the therapeutic schedule in patients with tbm. | 1991 | 1814838 |
| false positive acid fast bacilli of aspirated fluids, urine and sputum. | | 1991 | 1818040 |
| [the detection of antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis and its reactivity to three different purified protein derivative by elisa]. | the specific ppd igg antibodies in serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its reactivity to ppd of mycobacterium tuberculosis m. bovis and m. avium were detected by elisa. the results showed that the antibody level and positive rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis significantly increased than those of normal subjects. specific antibody level and its positive rate were higher in hospitalized patients than those treated in clinic and both were higher in sputum positive cases tha ... | 1991 | 1818772 |
| [the effect of silicon on the tuberculous infection and immune system]. | our study showed that silicon not only injured cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus membrane, but also inhibited the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in monocytes and lung tissue. in such condition, the tubercle bacilli became easier to grow. the tuberculous infection was worse in guinea-pigs infused with silicon. guinea-pigs immunized by dead bcg or non-toxic tubercle bacillus h37 ra strain were shown to have some effect against pulmonary tuberculosis. | 1991 | 1819382 |
| the antigenic structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis examined by immunoblot and elisa. influence of the age of the culture and of the obtaining method on the composition of the antigenic extracts. | in this study we have examined by immunoblot (ib) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) the humoral immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis. as a previous step, in an attempt to obtain the optimal antigen preparation for these studies, the influence of the culture age and of the obtention method on the composition of the extracts was analyzed. the highest number of antigenic bands was found in culture filtrates of 6 and 8 weeks; at these times two thick bands of 65 and 63 kilodaltons ( ... | 1991 | 1819970 |
| [antitubercular agents. liv. 3-alkyl(or -alkyl) thio-2,5-pyrazindicarboxamides]. | from 5-cyano-3-chloro-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) (ii) hydrolysis in acid medium) yielded 3-chloro-2,5-pyrazinedicarboxamide (iii), which in a reaction with sodium hydrogensulfide in dimethyl-formamide) yielded 3-mercapto-2,5-pyrazinedicarboxamide (iv). this compound through condensations with alkyl- and arylhalogenides in triethylamine) yielded 3-alkyl(or aryl) thio-2,5-pyrazinedicarboxamides of type i. the structure of compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, ir and 1h nmr spectra. a microbio ... | 1991 | 1821330 |
| [cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with a chronicity risk in the area of the office of phthisiology of the city of bistriţa]. | a study was carried on a group of 145 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the area of physiology office of bistriţa [correction of bistritza] county polyclinic. these patients were included, between 1977 and 1986 in the i-b group considered to be "exposed to the risk of chronic evolution". males were predominant in a ratio of 7/1, and patients from rural areas made up two-thirds of the lot. twenty-five percent of the patients were aged between 41 and 50 years when they were included in the i ... | 1991 | 1823194 |
| [mycobacterial drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. | the drug resistance of 1,860 human mycobacterial strains was analysed. of these 987 were isolated from new cases and 873 from cases who underwent a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. the investigation lowered 3 years (1986-1988). it resulted that the frequency of primary resistance was of 23.8% and that of secondary resistance was of 47.6%. as part of primary and secondary resistance, mono-resistance to sn and bi-resistance to sn and inh were the most common. | 1991 | 1823431 |
| [the immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | on the basis of literature review the article makes an appreciation of various methods for tuberculosis serological diagnostics. the authors mark a high information level of immunofermental analysis (ifa). 126 tuberculosis patients, 122 patients with non-tuberculosis etiology and 410 donors were examined with the aid of ifa (phosphide antigen). the min. diagnostic titer in pulmonary tuberculosis is 1:320, in nonpulmonary--1:160. the max. antigen titers in ifa (optical density unit of measurement ... | 1991 | 1823700 |
| [tuberculous brain abscess]. | | 1991 | 1825724 |
| a major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the gamma/delta t cell receptor, the cd8 accessory molecule and preferentially uses the v delta 1 gene segment. | the frequency of t cell receptor (tcr) type and the variable gene segment expression in human intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) from the large intestinal mucosa were studied by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and compared to those in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) - or lamina propria lymphocytes (lpl). employing anti-gamma/delta tcr and anti-alpha/beta tcr monoclonal antibodies (mab), flow cytometric analysis revealed that a large fraction of iel (37%) are gamma/delta t cells, where ... | 1991 | 1826884 |
| selection by two powerful antigens may account for the presence of the major population of human peripheral gamma/delta t cells. | v gamma 9/v delta 2 cells represent a fraction of human gamma/delta cells that is expanded after birth in the periphery, carries markers of activated cells, and becomes a major population in peripheral blood. we found that these cells do not comprise a single population but actually represent two nested sets, the smaller of which, specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (apc), is contained in a larger set specific for an antigen found on the molt-4 lymphoma. the l ... | 1991 | 1827824 |
| the primary response of human gamma/delta + t cells to mycobacterium tuberculosis is restricted to v gamma 9-bearing cells. | we have previously reported that peripheral blood gamma/delta + t cells proliferate in high frequency (1 in 2-20) in response to heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb.). in the present study, the t cell receptor phenotype of mycobacteria-responsive human gamma/delta + t cells was analyzed in primary cultures with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against v gamma 9, v delta 1, and v delta 2. when unseparated t cells were stimulated with m.tb., all proliferating gamma/delta + t ... | 1991 | 1827825 |
| allergen- and bacterial antigen-specific t-cell clones established from atopic donors show a different profile of cytokine production. | we have established a large panel of t-cell clones (tccs) specific for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and lolium perenne group i grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (il-4), il-5, and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma). upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-cd3 antibody, the great major ... | 1991 | 1827920 |
| purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis and excretory-secretory antigen(s) of toxocara canis expand in vitro human t cells with stable and opposite (type 1 t helper or type 2 t helper) profile of cytokine production. | a large series of t cell clones (tcc) specific for purified protein derivative (ppd) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (total 60) or toxocara canis excretory/secretory (tes) antigen (total 69) were established from the peripheral blood of two healthy individuals and analyzed for their profile of cytokine production in response to stimulation with either the specific antigen or the polyclonal activator phorbol myristate acetate plus anti-cd3 antibody. under both these experimental conditions, the gre ... | 1991 | 1829097 |
| [rise in ca 125 in a case of multivisceral tuberculosis without effusion]. | | 1991 | 1829202 |
| spinal epidural abscess: presentation and treatment. a report of 21 cases. | to examine the presentation, investigative findings, treatment and outcome in patients with spinal epidural abscess. | 1991 | 1829780 |
| genetic and immunological analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis fibronectin-binding proteins. | recombinant phage clones, tb1 and tb2, were selected from a mycobacterium tuberculosis lambda gt11 dna expression library by screening with a polyclonal antiserum raised against the antigen 85 complex of mycobacterium bovis bcg. analysis of recombinant dna inserts and expressed fusion proteins showed that two new genes had been isolated. the product of clone tb2 was identified as a member of the 30/31-kda antigen 85 complex. restriction enzyme analysis showed that this gene differs from previous ... | 1991 | 1830294 |
| production of a suppressor factor by cd8+ lymphocytes activated by mycobacterial components. | the lipid component present in high-molecular-mass fractions with molecular masses of greater than 200 kda derived from mycobacterium tuberculosis extracts passaged through sephacryl s.200 columns activate cd8+ lymphocytes to suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis. suppression is mediated by the release of suppressor molecules by these cd8+ lymphocytes. release of suppressor molecules occurs as early as 2 h following pulsing with the high-molecular-mass mycobacterial components and is maximal at 24 h ... | 1991 | 1830295 |
| [usefulness of the enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | to assess the usefulness of enzyme immunoassay as a rapid method of diagnosing tuberculosis, a study was conducted of 687 serum samples from 271 children and 416 adults. with 55 sera from nontuberculous children as controls, the specificity was 0.98, and with 137 controls from the adult population, 0.93. prior vaccination with bcg did not influence the level of detectable anti-ppd antibody. the results were similar in healthy ppd-positive and negative adults. the test differentiated mycoses and ... | 1991 | 1831026 |
| [comparative effectiveness of fluorographic and bacteriological methods of diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | | 1991 | 1831263 |
| correlation between tcr v gene usage and antigen specificities in human gamma delta t cells. | | 1991 | 1833149 |
| [immunologic mechanisms of pathogenesis of tuberculosis]. | | 1991 | 1833756 |
| kinetics of accumulation of gamma delta receptor-bearing t lymphocytes in mice infected with live mycobacteria. | the kinetics of accumulation of t cells bearing the gamma delta heterodimer form of the t-cell receptor in mice infected with live mycobacterium bovis bcg or m. tuberculosis was studied. substantial numbers of gamma delta t cells accumulated in mice given primary mycobacterial infections, although this accumulation was in parallel to, but not preferential to, that of alpha beta receptor-bearing t cells. in contrast, no accumulation of gamma delta cells was observed in memory immune mice upon rec ... | 1991 | 1834574 |
| [participation of gamma/delta-t cells in the protection against mycobacterial infection]. | to search for a potential role of t cell receptor (tcr) gamma/delta t cells in host-defense against mycobacterial infection, we analyzed the kinetics, repertoire, specificity and function of gamma/delta t cells in the peritoneal cavity, lymph node (ln) and spleen during an intraperitoneal infection with a sublethal dose (5 x 10(5)) of viable bcg in mice. the number of bacteria in the organs increased to a maximal level by 28 days after infection, and thereafter decreased gradually. of the cd3+ c ... | 1991 | 1834882 |
| expression of gamma delta t lymphocytes derived from human intestinal biopsies. | although most t cells express the alpha/beta tcr, the gamma/delta tcr is expressed only on a small percentage of peripheral lymphocytes and cd3+ intestinal t cells. the most striking feature is a wide variation in the proportion of gamma/delta+ t cells in freshly isolated peripheral blood cells from normal individuals and patients with ibd. the augmentation of the gamma/delta+ t cell subpopulation derived from human intestinal biopsies after repeated stimulation with mt, even in the absence of f ... | 1991 | 1835484 |
| [risk of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in jalisco, mexico]. | using a modified cluster sample design, skin tests with two tu ppd were performed on 4,083 first-grade children (mean age 6,7 years) in the state of jalisco, mexico, to estimate the annual risk of infection from mycobacterium tuberculosis. the proportion of ppd reactions (a diameter of 10 mm or more of induration) was 7.6% in the guadalajara metropolitan area and 5.5% in the rest of jalisco. in the total sample, the proportion was 7.4% among children with scars attributed to bcg vaccine and 4.5% ... | 1991 | 1837716 |
| [care of tuberculosis patients at the community level in the state of chiapas, mexico]. | from august 1989 to august 1990 in the municipio of chicomuselo, state of chiapas--an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis--health promoters were trained to carry out priority actions as part of the national campaign against tuberculosis. a program to provide training, semi-monthly evaluation of the work carried out, detection of new cases, treatment supervision, and contact tracing was established utilizing the structure and resources of the campaign. the health promoters were assigned th ... | 1991 | 1837721 |
| [errors in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in general hospitals]. | ninety-six lethal cases of tuberculosis overlooked in general hospitals of minsk in 1983-1989 have been analyzed clinicopathologically. the examination in general hospitals provided intravital diagnosis of tuberculosis in 18% of the cases only. the largest proportion of the overlooked cases related to disseminated tuberculosis (69.0 +/- 4.7%). extrapulmonary tuberculosis and caseous pneumonia are also often missed in general institutions. low detection of tuberculosis is attributed to incompeten ... | 1991 | 1839410 |
| processing and presentation of mycobacterial antigens: implications for the development of a new improved vaccine for tuberculosis control. | | 1991 | 1839811 |
| identification of mycobacterium leprae antigens from a cosmid library: characterization of a 15-kilodalton antigen that is recognized by both the humoral and cellular immune systems in leprosy patients. | screening of the mycobacterium leprae cosmid library with pooled sera from lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients by a colony immunoblot technique resulted in the identification of about 100 colonies that produced immunologically reactive proteins. twenty-four of these clones were purified, analyzed, and found to comprise two groups according to the reactivity of the recombinant proteins with ll sera and to the dna restriction patterns of the recombinant plasmids and cosmids. proteins specified by cl ... | 1991 | 1840579 |
| [tuberculosis endemics. elements in assessing the evolutionary trends]. | | 1991 | 1841736 |
| cell mediated immunity in chagas' disease. trypanosoma cruzi antigens induce suppression of the in vitro proliferative response of mononuclear cells. | the partial suppression of the cell-mediated immune response by trypanosoma cruzi antigens in patients with chagas' disease is demonstrated in a costimulation assay with t. cruzi antigens and mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd) or tetanus toxoid (tt). mononuclear cells from 13 patients with chagasic infection without evidence of heart disease, 10 patients with chagasic cardiomyopathy and 7 healthy blood bank donors were stimulated with antigen a (autoclaved epimastigotes ... | 1991 | 1842408 |
| [occurrence of anti-mycobacterium antibodies detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and in healthy controls]. | due to an unfavorable epidemiological situation in tuberculosis in poland and diagnostical difficulties the authors suggest the need to enlarge the diagnostical tests used in detecting m. tuberculosis with modern immunological methods. in this study we analysed serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis determining with the indirect immunofluorescence method the levels of specific antibodies of the igg class directed against mycobacteria. the heat attenuated h37rv strain was used as a standar ... | 1991 | 1843898 |
| [incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the lódź province among persons in contact with tuberculotic patients]. | the results of an analysis on new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from contacts with sputum positive tuberculosis are discussed. in subjects with contacts with sputum positive tuberculosis the incidence rates were 16 fold higher in comparison with the general population. in patients that reported contacts with sputum negative tuberculosis the incidence rates were even higher. this contradiction can be explained by the quicker hospitalization in the first group of patients thus terminating contac ... | 1991 | 1843921 |
| [contribution of the serum anti-mycobacterial igg measurement to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. personal cases]. | data of a transversal research on 36 suspected tuberculosis (tb) inpatients of st. luigi hospital are reported. serum antimycobacterial antibodies class igg to a60 were measured by means of elisa. final diagnosis was tb in 19 subjects, while 9 had a tb history over different years. sensitivity was 78.94% and specificity 75%. according to with other recent reports, our results are poorly discriminating. however, the test, if valued with other clinical data, can contribute to the ascertainment of ... | 1991 | 1844924 |
| [mycobacterial lymphadenitis--case report]. | mycobacterial lymphadenitis is still a common and often poorly treated disease. cervical lymph-node is most frequently involved. mycobacterium tuberculosis clearly preponderates as the cause of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis in adults while other mycobacteria (mott) area mostly the causes of the same disease in children. diagnostic methods and treatment choices between both groups are therefore different. it seems appropriate to perform total excisional biopsy in children especially in r.o ... | 1991 | 1848150 |
| an attempt to predict anergy in tuberculosis suspect cynomolgus monkeys. | acid-fast microorganisms were identified from the tuberculous lesions of a male cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis). twenty-two other cynomolgus monkeys housed in the same room were presumed exposed to tuberculosis (mycobacterium spp.). in addition to standard intradermal (id) tuberculin testing, clinicians attempted to evaluate the immune status of these monkeys in order to identify animals exhibiting false negative (anergy) id tuberculin tests. twenty-one of the potentially exposed monkeys ... | 1991 | 1849589 |
| activation of human neutrophils by mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived sulfolipid-1. | the principal sulfatide of a group of acidic lipids from virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis, sulfolipid-1 (sl-1), stimulates neutrophil superoxide (o2-) generation and, at lower concentrations, primes neutrophil response to several other metabolic agonists including fmlp, and pma. these responses to sl-1 were examined in relation to diacylglycerol (dag) generation, ca2+ availability and activation of guanine nucleotide binding proteins to clarify the signal transduction pathways involved. pertu ... | 1991 | 1849937 |
| lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively, produce large quantities of lipoarabinomannan (lam), a highly immunogenic, cell wall-associated glycolipid. this molecule has been previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of gamma interferon-mediated activation of murine macrophages. studies of the mechanism by which this mycobacterial glycolipid down-regulates macrophage effector functions provide evidence that lam acts at s ... | 1991 | 1850379 |
| lung abscess caused by rhodococcus equi. | in the immunocompromised patient, early diagnosis of a lung cavity is essential for appropriate treatment. rhodococcus equi (formerly corynebacterium equi) is a variably acid-fast bacterium that can produce cavitary disease in an immunocompromised host. the two cases presented here demonstrate the clinical and radiographic features of r equi lung abscess. the first patient was on long-term corticosteroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. the second patient had aids. the correct diagnosis in both ... | 1991 | 1856905 |
| [tuberculosis in alpacas; a zoonosis as an imported disease]. | in the netherlands, in 1988, a micro-epidemic of tuberculosis in alpacas recently imported from peru prompted health authorities to initiate investigation of human and animal contacts. although the animal trainer and his assistant suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, they turned out to be infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the animals later proved to be infected by m. bovis. the alpacas' caretaker and a laboratory technician present at the autopsy, were probably infected by animal co ... | 1991 | 1857439 |
| tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection during the 1990's. | among the many infectious complications of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), tuberculosis is now recognized as one of the most important. coexisting hiv infection is believed responsible for the soaring incidence of tuberculosis in africa, and for the increase in the number of reported cases in the united states. as hiv-induced immunosuppression worsens, tuberculosis may supervene by reactivation of remotely acquired infection or failure to defend against newly acquired mycobact ... | 1991 | 1859939 |
| t cell response in acquired protective immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | | 1991 | 1859946 |
| [evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage in the microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia in patients at risk]. | bronchoalveolar washout was performed in 130 patients with pneumonia during a period of 28 months. microbiological investigation involved common bacteria, legionella, fungi, viruses (cytomegalovirus, herpes, rsv), mycobacterium, and pneumocystis carinii. infection hiv was present in 75% of patients. the remaining patients had malignant diseases or severe pneumonia. the overall sensitivity of the technique was 65.4% and the positive predictive value was 92%. the technique was less sensitive in ca ... | 1991 | 1863607 |
| tuberculosis in hiv infection. | persons with aids (pwas) are 100 times more likely to develop tuberculosis (tb) than the general population. the tb incidence rates in pwas in the us range from 4-21%, especially among intravenous drug users and haitians. in florida, 60% of haitian aids patients also had tb compared to 2.7% of non-haitian aids patients. at a hospital in london, england, 25% of pwas also had tb and 42% of all aids patients at this hospital were members of racial groups with a high prevalence of tb. in develop ... | 1991 | 1863645 |
| newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones. | the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ... | 1991 | 1864284 |
| synergy and antagonism of combinations with quinolones. | combinations of fluoroquinolones with other antimicrobial agents have been extensively investigated. combinations of fluoroquinolones with aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, imidazoles, macrolides and clindamycin infrequently show synergy against enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive bacteria. these combinations rarely show antagonism. combinations of rifampin with fluoroquinolones tested against staphylococcus aureus have been reported to show synergy and antagonism, and in vitro results have not co ... | 1991 | 1864285 |
| splenic abscesses due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with aids. | among 60 patients with aids seen at our institution, two had splenic abscesses due to mycobacterium tuberculosis without pulmonary tuberculosis. in both cases splenic abscess was the first manifestation of aids; the patients had prolonged fever and had lost weight and experienced malaise; slight hepatomegaly was noted in both instances and peripheral lymphadenopathy in one. chest radiography gave normal results in one case and showed hilar lymphadenopathy in the other. ultrasonographic findings ... | 1991 | 1866537 |
| structural elucidation and antigenicity of a novel phenolic glycolipid antigen from mycobacterium haemophilum. | the structure of a novel antigenic glycolipid that distinguishes the opportunistic pathogen mycobacterium haemophilum from all other mycobacteria was established by a series of degradation reactions leading to products that were analyzed by gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. the complete structure of the oligosaccharide unit was determined as 2,3-di-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----2)3-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----4 )-2,3-di-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----. the lipid portion of the phenolic glycolipid was ... | 1991 | 1868054 |
| nursing care of the adult client with infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | since the beginning of the aids epidemic, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the most prevalent opportunistic infection diagnosed in people with aids. after a decade of care and research, significant progress has been achieved not only in treating pcp but also in preventing it. concomitantly, new problems have surfaced, for example, nosocomial spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis and occupational hazards, both related to treating people living with aids (pwas) with pcp. the author pro ... | 1991 | 1868227 |
| further stereochemical studies of phthiocerol and phenol phthiocerol in mycobacteria. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. marinum and some other pathogenic species elaborate waxes a, based on a long-chain beta-diol (phthiocerol and companion compounds) and polymethyl-branched fatty acids. the stereochemical studies conducted on waxes a showed that those of m. tuberculosis, m. leprae and m. kansasii differ from waxes a isolated from m. marinum and m. ulcerans by the absolute configuration of the methyl-branched chiral centres occurring in both the long-chain beta-diols and the fatty ac ... | 1991 | 1871425 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, with or without the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc), have an increased incidence of tuberculosis, especially of an extrapulmonary nature. the condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the reported incidence of the combination of tuberculosis and aids varies between 4% and 10% of aids patients, with a higher incidence noted in the male, inner-city, intravenous-d ... | 1991 | 1874646 |
| bone marrow culture for diagnosis of mycobacterial and fungal infections in febrile patients. | the perception and evaluation of patients with fever are constantly evolving. due to sophisticated technology and financial constraints, increasing numbers of tests are performed earlier in patient evaluation. one is bone marrow culture for mycobacteria and fungi. to assess the yield of this procedure, we reviewed the results of cultures performed from 1982-1986 at shands hospital at the university of florida. there were 124 patients so evaluated. no fungal cultures were positive. four mycobacte ... | 1991 | 1875179 |
| [primary operation of pericardiectomy and decortication of the right lung for tuberculous pericarditis with empyema]. | a 28-year old man who complained of ortho-apnea and fever was diagnosed to have cardiac tamponade. pericardiocentesis was immediately carried out and peri-cardiac window was created on the 11th day. typical caseating granulomas with acid-fast bacilli were detected in sections of the pericardium. a positive culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed in the sputum and the pericardial fluid. though 3-month anti-tuberculosis treatment with streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifampicin was continue ... | 1991 | 1875581 |
| tuberculosis in the elderly: incidence, manifestations, ppd skin tests, and preventive therapy. | tuberculosis is a chronic infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. the incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over the past decades, but it is still highly prevalent in the geriatric population. this report describes the etiology, clinical manifestations, and immunologic changes of tuberculosis in the elderly. the basis for tuberculin skin testing and its interpretation in patients over 65 years of age are discussed, as well as the controversies regarding preventive therapy w ... | 1991 | 1877276 |
| increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin-6-secreting cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | we detected and quantified tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-6 (il-6) from monocytes/macrophages (m phi) in the peripheral blood of subjects from three different population groups, i.e., tuberculin-negative healthy subjects, tuberculin-positive healthy subjects, and patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. tnf-alpha or il-6 activity in the culture supernatant of these cells was determined by the cytotoxicity of murine l-929 cells or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ... | 1991 | 1879927 |
| cytokines and the koch phenomenon. | we outline the mechanisms contributing to the human form of the koch phenomenon, which we define as necrosis occurring within 24-48 h of injection of mycobacterial antigen into the skin of past or present tuberculosis patients. it is probable that tissue damage mediated in the same way occurs in the lesions themselves. we suggest that the necrosis is mediated in part by cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor (tnf), and that this occurs for three reasons. first, mycobacterium tuberculosis ... | 1991 | 1882441 |
| evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. | a polymerase chain reaction for the specific detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis has been developed and evaluated for clinical applicability. primers were designed to amplify a 240 base pair region in the mpb 64 protein coding gene (nts 460-700). from among 15 different dna templates tested (including 10 species of mycobacteria) pcr amplified the dna from m. tuberculosis complex only, demonstrating its exquisite specificity. sensitivity studies using serial ten-fold dilutions of m. tuberculo ... | 1991 | 1882442 |
| tuberculosis in saudi arabia: epidemiology and incidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species. | the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections was studied in a wide cross-section of the jeddah population over 2 years (1987-1989). saudis, non-saudis and patients from a stable population attending national guard king khalid hospital (ngkkh) were compared. the ratio of saudi to non-saudi was 1:2 and males accounted for 65% of the total. the incidence was highest among young adults although the peak varied slightly between saudi and non-saudi patients. extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was also prepo ... | 1991 | 1882445 |
| the macrophage in tuberculosis: sinner or saint? the t cell decides. | immunity to intracellular bacteria including mycobacterium tuberculosis crucially depends on intricate interactions between t lymphocytes and macrophages. before contact with t lymphocytes macrophages serve as habitat for m. tuberculosis organisms; after activation by t cells they become major effectors against these pathogens. t cells comprise different subsets which express different functional activities. this paper describes evidence that different t cell subsets (cd4 alpha/beta t cells, cd8 ... | 1991 | 1883509 |
| infections in british clinical laboratories, 1988-1989. | during 1988-89 this continuing survey showed 18 infections in the staff of laboratories reporting from 166 centres, representing 21,756 person-years of exposure. shigella and other bowel infections (one caused by s typhi) predominated, affecting 11 microbiology medical laboratory scientific officers. three shigella infections originated from quality control samples. pulmonary tuberculosis affected four workers, including two mortuary technicians, but without detected occupational exposure to myc ... | 1991 | 1890201 |
| multifocal splenic abscesses caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in hiv-infected drug users. | | 1991 | 1892601 |
| a case of granulomatous hepatitis after intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin administration. | a 61-year-old man received intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) as treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. high spiking relapsing fevers began 39 days after the initial treatment. a liver biopsy revealed noncaseating granuloma. deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization of the bone marrow was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. pressure exerted to instill the bcg may have favored dissemination. | 1991 | 1895437 |
| chemical synthesis and seroreactivity of a neoantigen containing the oligosaccharide hapten of the mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific phenolic glycolipid. | the report of a major triglycosyl phenol phthiocerol (phenolic) glycolipid in some strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis that resembles the phenolic glycolipid i of mycobacterium leprae raised the prospects of a specific serodiagnostic tool for human tuberculosis. the terminal diglycosyl unit of the m. tuberculosis product was synthesized and converted to a corresponding neoglycoprotein, the o-(2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-o-alpha-l- rhamnopyranosyl)-(1----9)-oxynonanoyl-bo ... | 1991 | 1898609 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis after gastrectomy. double jeopardy? | although an increased incidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is found in patients after subtotal gastrectomy, to my knowledge, the potential for gastrectomy to alter the course and outcome of typical mycobacterial disease has not been noted. i report the case of a patient who developed tuberculosis after a billroth ii subtotal gastrectomy, malabsorbed his antibiotics, and subsequently manifested infection with a drug-resistant strain of m tuberculosis. altered drug pharmacokinetics sh ... | 1991 | 1898647 |
| bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculosis and fungal infections. | to determine the utility of bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing m tuberculosis and fungal infections. | 1991 | 1898648 |
| tuberculosis in australia: an unfinished fight. | | 1991 | 1898755 |
| treatment of tuberculosis in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) increases the risk of tuberculosis and may interfere with the effectiveness of antituberculosis chemotherapy. to examine the outcomes in patients with both diagnoses, we conducted a retrospective study of all 132 patients listed in both the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and tuberculosis case registries in san francisco from 1981 through 1988. | 1991 | 1898769 |
| the changing epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections in the united states: implications for the radiologist. | diseases consequent to infection with mycobacterial organisms, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species, remain a significant health problem in the united states. over the past decade several new factors have amplified this problem, the most significant of which is the ongoing epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. this review will discuss the changing epidemiology of mycobacterial disease and emphasize the significance of these changes to the radi ... | 1991 | 1898796 |
| impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on tuberculosis in rural haiti. | we conducted a case-control study to determine the relative and attributable risk of hiv seropositivity for bacillary-positive (smear and/or culture) pulmonary tuberculosis in haiti. there were 274 patients with tuberculosis and an equal number of control subjects. antibodies to hiv were present in 67 (24%) patients and eight (3%) control subjects. odds ratios suggested that the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis was 15.7 times as great (95% confidence interval, 4.8 to 5.0; p less than 0.05) in pati ... | 1991 | 1898847 |
| isolation and partial characterization of major protein antigens in the culture fluid of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | five actively secreted proteins (mpt32, mpt45, mpt51, mpt53, and mpt63) and the mpt46 protein were purified to homogeneity from mycobacterium tuberculosis culture fluid and compared with proteins previously purified by ourselves and other investigators. antisera were obtained by immunization of rabbits with all of the newly isolated proteins identified to be immunogenic. two-dimensional electrophoresis of culture fluids obtained each week for 2 to 10 weeks of culturing of m. tuberculosis reveale ... | 1991 | 1898899 |
| human immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. | little is known about the immunodominant or protective antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. cell-mediated immunity is necessary for protection, and healthy tuberculin-positive individuals are relatively resistant to exogenous reinfection. we compared the targets of the cell-mediated immune response in healthy tuberculin-positive individuals to those of tuberculosis patients and tuberculin-negative persons. by using t-cell western blotting (immunoblotting) of nitrocellulose-bound m. ... | 1991 | 1898911 |
| novel type-specific lipooligosaccharides from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain canetti) is characterized by the presence of two novel glycolipids of the alkali-labile, trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharide class. their structures were established by permethylation, partial acid hydrolysis, infrared and high-field nmr spectroscopy, and electron-impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the native glycolipids and hydrolysis products. the trehalose substituent is unique in that it is methylated at the 6'-position. the structur ... | 1991 | 1899023 |
| comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of isoniazid and ethionamide against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mic and mbc) of isoniazid and ethionamide were determined in 7h12 broth in experiments with 68 mycobacterium avium strains and 14 wild drug-susceptible m. tuberculosis strains. mics of isoniazid for m. tuberculosis were from 0.025 to 0.05 microgram/ml, and for m. avium from 0.6 to greater than 10.0 micrograms/ml. mics of ethionamide for m. tuberculosis were from 0.3 to 1.25 micrograms/ml, and 42.7% of m. avium strains were within the same range ... | 1991 | 1899326 |
| t cell activation by mycobacterial antigens in inflammatory synovitis. | to define which mycobacterial antigens were responsible for the activation of synovial fluid t lymphocytes, acetone-precipitated mycobacterium tuberculosis (ap-mt) antigens were separated into five fractions following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and added to the mononuclear cell cultures of patients with inflammatory synovitis. fractions 2 (50 to 70 kda) and 5 (less than 28 kda) resulted in significantly more proliferation than that of fractions 1, 3, and 4. the response to a purified myc ... | 1991 | 1899362 |
| selective expansion of human gamma delta t cells by monocytes infected with live mycobacterium tuberculosis. | gamma delta (gamma delta) t cell receptor (tcr) expressing t cells comprise 3% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, yet their role in the immune response remains largely unknown. there is evidence both in humans and in animal models that these cells participate in the immune response to mycobacterial antigens. in mice, exposure to mycobacterial antigens leads to the expansion of gamma delta t cells in draining lymph nodes and lungs. in humans, gamma delta t cell lines with reactivity to mycoba ... | 1991 | 1899430 |
| role of solid media when used in conjunction with the bactec system for mycobacterial isolation and identification. | this study evaluated the necessity and the contribution of solid media when used in conjunction with radiometric middlebrook 7h12 (bactec 12b; becton dickinson, towson, md.) medium for recovery and complete identification of mycobacteria. each of 1,184 digested, decontaminated respiratory specimens was inoculated into one bactec 12b vial, one 7h11 plate, and two lowenstein-jensen (lj) slants. when the 12b vial was smear positive for acid-fast bacilli, the organisms were subcultured onto lj slant ... | 1991 | 1899678 |
| intraabdominal mycobacterium tuberculosis vs mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections in patients with aids: distinction based on ct findings. | abdominal ct scans of 71 patients with aids who had proved disseminated infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis (27 patients) or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (44 patients) were reviewed retrospectively to identify radiologic features that can be used to distinguish the two infections. ct findings in patients with disseminated m. tuberculosis included focal lesions in the liver (11%), spleen (30%), kidneys (19%), pancreas (7%), and gastrointestinal tract (15%) and lymph nodes with centr ... | 1991 | 1899742 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 in cerebrospinal fluid by inhibition elisa and its diagnostic potential in tuberculous meningitis. | inhibition elisa was used to quantitate mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens of 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. in all 10 culture-proven patients, the assay was positive; in 30 culture-negative patients, the assay yielded positive results for 21. csf antigen 5 concentrations ranged from 9 to 82 ng/ml (mean +/- sd, 45.5 +/- 6.2). in 40 patients with nontuberculous neurologic diseases, mean concentration was 1.45 ng/ml. thus, ... | 1991 | 1899876 |
| [diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | | 1991 | 1900047 |
| mycobacteria and human autoimmune disease: direct evidence of cross-reactivity between human lactoferrin and the 65-kilodalton protein of tubercle and leprosy bacilli. | we document here by western immunoblotting and immunogold ultracytochemistry that polyclonal antibodies against human lactoferrin (lf) bind to tubercle and leprosy bacilli. in situ immunogold labeling of mycobacterium leprae (present in armadillo liver and in human skin) and of mycobacterium tuberculosis indicated that receptors for anti-lf antibodies were present both on the cytoplasm and on the envelope of the bacilli. we found by immunoblotting that the 65-kda heat shock protein is the major ... | 1991 | 1900057 |
| purification and characterization of major antigens from a mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate. | ten major antigens from mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate of 39, 32, 30, 25, 24, 22 (a and b forms), 19, 15, and 12 kda have been purified and characterized by classical physicochemical methods. with monoclonal antibodies and/or n-terminal amino acid sequencing data, it was found that the antigens of 32, 30, 24, 22 (a), 19, and 12 kda are related to m. bovis or m. tuberculosis antigens p32, mpb59, mpb64, mpb70, 19 kda, and 12 kda, respectively. the 39-, 25-, 22 (b)-, and 19-kda antigens showe ... | 1991 | 1900061 |
| transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from an hiv-positive client in a residential substance-abuse treatment facility--michigan. | in november 1989, a man with a history of intravenous (iv)-drug use first presented to the tuberculosis (tb) clinic of the muskegon county (michigan) health department (mchd). the patient indicated that he had been treated for pulmonary tb in another city, and he produced for clinic staff his labeled medications, which included isoniazid (inh), rifampin (rif), and ethambutol (emb). the patient also stated that he was an iv-drug user (ivdu) and previously had tested positive for human immunodefic ... | 1991 | 1900098 |
| detection of mycobacterial antigen by dot blot assay in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis. | | 1991 | 1900520 |
| tuberculosis outbreak on standing rock sioux reservation--north dakota and south dakota, 1987-1990. | from 1987 through 1988, a cluster of cases of tuberculosis (tb) occurred among persons residing on the standing rock sioux reservation; recognition of this cluster prompted an epidemiologic investigation by the indian health service (ihs), standing rock sioux tribal health and community health programs, south dakota state department of health, north dakota state department of health, and cdc. this report summarizes the findings of that investigation and follow-up public health interventions. | 1991 | 1900567 |
| [development of a serological test for tuberculosis]. | antigens secreted by m. tuberculosis in the culture medium and antigens obtained from sonicated m. tuberculosis were characterized, at the laboratory of tropical hygiene of the royal tropical institute and the division of pulmonary medicine at the academic medical centre, in order to explore which antigens could be valuable in the development of a serological test for tuberculosis. using murine monoclonal antibodies in immunoblot, a pattern of protein bands distinct from that of the correspondin ... | 1991 | 1900580 |
| t-cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by mycobacterium tuberculosis. | an infection model of human tuberculosis was established with c57bl/6j mice. the lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during the course of infection and compared with results obtained with a group of mice immunized with large amounts of killed bacteria. the two groups responded similarly to a number of mycobacterial antigens, but marked differences in responses against secreted antigens were found; only infected mice responded vigorousl ... | 1991 | 1900811 |
| investigations on etiology of crohn's disease. humoral immune response to stress (heat shock) proteins. | many investigators have tried to prove a relationship between crohn's disease and mycobacteria. recent evidence suggests that some autoimmune diseases may be initiated through "molecular mimicry" between mycobacterial stress protein antigens and their human homologs. we investigated whether antibody to stress proteins was more frequent in patients with crohn's disease than controls. we used atp binding to separate stress proteins (heat-shock-induced, de novo-synthesized, and constitutively expre ... | 1991 | 1901035 |