| excretion of mycobacaterium avium from lesions in the intestine and tonsils of infected swine. | five 8-week-old pigs were given an oral dose of approximately 10(8) viable units of mycobacterium avium and confined in such a way as to prevent ingestion of fecal material. at necropsy 70 to 79 days later, there were granulomatous lesions, some containing acid-fast organisms, in the tonsils, aggregated lymphatic follicles (peyer's patches) of the jejunum and ileum, mucosa of the caudal portion of the ileum, ileocecal valve, and cecum. the organism was isolated from tonsils, intestine, and swabs ... | 1980 | 7447145 |
| atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis in an adult. | a 25-year-old woman developed lymphadenitis with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. the clinical features of the illness resembled those which have been reported in lymphadenitis with atypical mycobacteria in children. the infection was cured by resection of the infected nodes. | 1980 | 7449471 |
| solitary pulmonary nodules due to nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. | resected solitary pulmonary nodules which histologically are granulomas and in which acid-fast bacilli are seen are usually assumed to be due to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. we reviewed the culture results of all resected lung specimens submitted to the mycobacteriology laboratory from 1969 to 1979. of the 20 specimens in which acid-fast bacilli were seen and which roentgenographically were solitary pulmonary nodules, 12 (60 percent) were due to infection with m. avium-intracellula ... | 1981 | 7457489 |
| [subgrouping of strains of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex by thin-layer chromatography of acetone-soluble fraction after incubation with 35s-sulfate]. | | 1980 | 7463926 |
| the changing spectrum of pulmonary infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. | although nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections are not common, there is evidence that they are becoming increasingly recognized and in some parts of the country occur more frequently than m. tuberculosis. the classic description of ntm pulmonary infection is that of a male patient with cavitary infiltrates and predisposing lung disease. with an increase in the number of reported cases of infection, there have been other syndromes described, particularly in elderly female patients without ... | 1995 | 7472715 |
| potentiation of the effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride on mycobacteria by ethambutol. | ethambutol enhanced the effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride against mycobacterium avium, m. bovis bcg, m. fortuitum and m. phlei. the findings show that it is possible to increase the susceptibility of mycobacteria to agents that normally exhibit poor activity against these organisms because of their reduced cellular penetration. | 1995 | 7473681 |
| [attempts to elucidate the reasons why mycobacterial infections are generally intractable]. | | 1995 | 7474342 |
| mycobacterial infections of animals: pathology and pathogenesis. | | 1995 | 7474869 |
| characterization of the gene encoding the immunodominant 35 kda protein of mycobacterium leprae. | analysis of the interaction between the host immune system and the intracellular parasite mycobacterium leprae has identified a 35 kda protein as a dominant antigen. the native 35 kda protein was purified from the membrane fraction of m. leprae and termed mmpi (major membrane protein i). as the purified protein was not amenable to n-terminal sequencing, partial proteolysis was used to establish the sequences of 21 peptides. a fragment of the 35 kda protein-encoding gene was amplified by the poly ... | 1995 | 7476185 |
| hiv infection: analysis in 259 consecutive patients with abnormal abdominal ct findings. | to evaluate abdominal computed tomographic (ct) findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1995 | 7480744 |
| microabscesses of the liver and spleen in aids: detection with 5-mhz sonography. | to determine whether sonograms of the liver and spleen, obtained with 5-mhz linear-array transducers, aid in detection of hepatosplenic microabscesses in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1995 | 7480745 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac): an unusual potential pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid of aids patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is frequently isolated from patients with late complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), especially in north america and europe. however, its isolation from the central nervous system (cns) has been seldom reported in these countries. mac infections in aids patients in african and latin american countries are believed to be uncommon. we report the isolation of mac from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 11 aids patients out of 1723 (0.63%) seen at "c ... | 1995 | 7481477 |
| hyponatremia in pediatric patients with hiv-1 infection. | hyponatremia has been recognized as a complication in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we did a retrospective study evaluating the medical records of 86 children (age 4 months to 21 years) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection to determine the frequency and clinical associations of hyponatremia. twenty-two children (26%) developed hyponatremia (serum sodium < 135 meq/l; range 104 to 134 meq/l; mean 130 meq/l). fourteen were male; 18 of the 22 patients were bla ... | 1995 | 7481960 |
| characterization by restriction endonuclease analysis and dna hybridization using is900 of bovine, ovine, caprine and human dependent strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated in various localities. | dna of 90 mycobactin-dependent strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, isolated in 9 countries, was digested with restriction endonuclease psti and hybridized with a dna fragment containing insertion sequence is900. bovine strains (n = 73) were isolated from 61 animals in 17 herds, ovine strains (n = 15) from 13 animals in 3 herds and the set was completed by 1 caprine and 1 human (linda) strain. three types, tentatively designated a (n = 37), b (n = 51) and c (n = 2) were differentiated by r ... | 1995 | 7483244 |
| beige mouse model for mycobacterium avium complex disease. | | 1995 | 7486894 |
| in vitro activities of ps-15, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and its cyclic metabolite against mycobacterium avium complex. | ps-15, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and its cyclic metabolite were evaluated for in vitro activity against 31 clinical mycobacterium avium complex isolates. broth dilution mics of ps-15 ranged from 16 to 64 micrograms/ml. the cyclic metabolite was three to five times more active than the parent compound. further evaluation of these compounds in an m. avium-infected murine test system will be of interest. | 1995 | 7486934 |
| rifabutin use in inflammatory bowel disease. | | 1995 | 7487583 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. | | 1995 | 7488555 |
| multiple opportunistic pathogen prophylaxis for patients with advanced hiv disease: an overview. | | 1995 | 7488560 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pleuritis with massive pleural effusion. | atypical mycobacterial infection is seldom accompanied by pleural involvement. we report a very rare case of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pleuritis with massive pleural effusion. the patient was a non-immunocompromised 35-year-old japanese male with insidious onset of fever, chest pain and anorexia. the pleural effusion gradually resolved with empirical antimycobacterial treatment, leaving considerable pleural adhesion and thickening. | 1995 | 7489811 |
| histopathology of c57bl/6 mice inoculated orally with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the susceptibility of c57bl/6 mice to oral inoculation with myobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated histopathologically. granulomatous lesions containing acid-fast bacteria developed in the mesenteric lymph nodes in over 50% of the mice by 11 months after inoculation. the results suggest that c57bl/6 mice may be useful for studying infection, pathogenesis, and other aspects of paratuberculosis. | 1995 | 7490340 |
| mechanism of action of antimycobacterial activity of the new benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648. | the mechanism of antimicrobial activity of krm-1648 (krm), a new rifamycin derivative with potent antimycobacterial activity, was studied. both krm and rifampin (rmp) inhibited rna polymerases from escherichia coli and mycobacterium avium at low concentrations: the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of krm and rmp for e. coli rna polymerase were 0.13 and 0.10 micrograms/ml, respectively, while the ic50s for m. avium rna polymerase were 0.20 and 0.07 microgram/ml. both krm and rmp exerted weak ... | 1995 | 7492091 |
| comparison of recovery rates for mycobacteria from bactec 12b vials, middlebrook 7h11-selective 7h11 biplates, and lowenstein jensen slants in a public health mycobacteriology laboratory. | recovery rates from middlebrook 7h11-selective 7h11 biplates and lowenstein-jensen slants (lj) used with bactec 12b vials were compared for 5,399 specimens. for 578 specimens that were inoculated onto three media, 580 mycobacteria were isolated, including 277 (48%) mycobacterium avium complex isolates, 230 (40%) mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and 73 (12%) other mycobacteria. for bactec 12b vials, 506 (87%) cultures were positive, 45 (8%) were negative, and 29 (5%) were lost to contaminatio ... | 1995 | 7494065 |
| in vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new quinolone, levofloxacin (dr-3355). | to examine in vitro antimycobacterial activity of levofloxacin. | 1995 | 7495996 |
| immunological analysis of the components of the antigen complex a60 of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | the antigen complex of a60 of mycobacterium bovis bcg was analyzed by different immunological techniques to assess its relevance to tuberculosis and the involvement of its components in the immune reactions elicited in humans by tuberculous infection. a60 is composed of about 30 components, of which 8 were identified by available monoclonal antibodies (lipoarabinomannan, a glycolipid, and proteins of 65, 40, 38, 35, 19, and 14 kda). the majority (87.5%) of anti-mycobacterial antibodies in sera f ... | 1994 | 7496934 |
| occurrence, in crohn's disease, of antibodies directed against a species-specific recombinant polypeptide of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | sera from patients with crohn's disease and control were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the mycobacterium paratuberculosis-specific recombinant polypeptide a362. anti-a362 immunoglobulin g (igg) (p < 0.05) and iga (p < 0.001) titers were higher in patients with crohn's disease than in controls. a monomodal gaussian distribution of anti-a362 iga levels were found for controls, and a bimodal distribution was found for patients with crohn's disease. an m. paratuberculosis ... | 1994 | 7496954 |
| mycobacterial glycopeptidolipid interactions with membranes: a monolayer study. | mycobacterial glycopeptidolipid (gpl) interactions with membranes were analysed with monolayer experiment, using gpls bearing 3, 1, or 0 carbohydrate residues (gpl3, gpl1, gpl0). compression isotherms and surface potential determinations suggested that the glycopeptidic moiety of gpl3 permanently dipped in water, while those of gpl1 and gpl0 can lay in the interface. insertion of gpl molecules into a preformed phospholipid monolayer was observed using gpl3 or gpl1 dispersions, but not from gpl0. ... | 1995 | 7498511 |
| [clinical aspects and therapy of ubiquitous mycobacterioses]. | | 1995 | 7499075 |
| the role of tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta, and nitric oxide in the expression of immunosuppressive functions of splenic macrophages induced by mycobacterium avium complex infection. | in order to verify the participation of some cytokines in the expression of the suppressor activity of splenic macrophages (m phi s) induced by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, we studied whether anticytokine antibodies were capable of blocking their suppressor activity against concanavalin a (cona)-induced mitogenesis of splenocytes (spcs). when either anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf), anti-transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), or anti-interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) antibody was ... | 1995 | 7499969 |
| induction of mycobacterium avium gene expression following phagocytosis by human macrophages. | little is known about the bacterial factors that enable pathogenic mycobacteria to survive and multiply within the macrophages of the infected host. by preparing cdna from mycobacterium avium bacilli grown in human-derived macrophages and in broth culture and using subtractive hybridization to remove commonly expressed genes, a procedure was developed to identify genes of m. avium that are specifically expressed when the bacilli are growing within macrophages. total rna was isolated from m. aviu ... | 1994 | 7507894 |
| what's new in treatment? | | 1993 | 7507922 |
| identification of mycobacteria from animals by restriction enzyme analysis and direct dna cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rrna gene sequences. | two methods, based on analysis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rrna gene by restriction enzyme analysis (rea) or direct cycle sequencing, were developed for rapid identification of mycobacteria isolated from animals and were compared to traditional phenotypic typing. bactec 7h12 cultures of the specimens were examined for "cording," and specific polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to identify the presence of tubercle complex mycobacteria. combined results of sepa ... | 1993 | 7508456 |
| induction of il-1 beta, il-6, tnf-alpha, gm-csf and g-csf in human macrophages by smooth transparent and smooth opaque colonial variants of mycobacterium avium. | both smooth transparent (smt) and smooth domed-opaque (smd) colonial variants were obtained from a strain of mycobacterium avium isolated from a patient with aids. the two variants showed similar biochemical characteristics but smt bacteria proliferated better than smd bacteria inside human macrophages and were much less capable than the smd variant of inducing the release of il-1 beta, il-6, tnf-alpha, gm-csf and g-csf, after incubation for either 3 or 6 days. as cytokines are important extrace ... | 1994 | 7508978 |
| detection and identification of mycobacterium directly from bactec bottles by using a dna-rrna probe. | detection and identification of mycobacterial species using dna-rrna probes from colonies has been used for some time. guidelines for probe use with a specific minimum growth index (gi) cutoff from bactec 12b bottles or its use with 7h9 broth has not been defined. this study defined this minimum gi guideline. clinical specimens received during the study period were decontaminated and directly inoculated into bactec 12b bottles and appropriate solid media. an initial probe test was performed at a ... | 1993 | 7509267 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in bone marrow specimens of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | thirty-seven bone marrow core biopsy specimens from 21 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex bacteremia were stained using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus-calmette-guerin (bcg) and mycobacterium duvalii, as well as kenyon and fite stains, to compare sensitivities of these techniques and evaluate possible response to therapy. the patients in this study had participated in a phase i/ii trial of liposo ... | 1994 | 7512786 |
| nucleotide sequence and secondary structures of precursor 16s rrna of slow-growing mycobacteria. | slow-growing mycobacteria have a single ribosomal rna (rrn) operon, with the genes for 16s, 23s and 5s rrna being present in that order. the transcription start site of the rrn operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in escherichia coli. pcr methodology was used to amplify parts of the rrn operon, namely the leader region and the spacer-1 region separating the 16s rrna and 23s rrna genes of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacterium intracellulare, 'mycobacter ... | 1994 | 7512868 |
| recent trends in rifamycin research. | rifamycin is a clinically useful macrolide antibiotic produced by the gram positive bacterium amycolatopsis mediterranei. this antibiotic is primarily used against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively. in these bacteria, rifamycin treatment specifically inhibits the initiation of rna synthesis by binding to beta-subunit of rna polymerase. apart from its activity against the bacteria, rifamycin has also been reported to in ... | 1994 | 7513153 |
| anticoagulants and the isolation of mycobacteria from blood. | | 1994 | 7514931 |
| disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: diagnosis and susceptibility testing. | because the symptoms and laboratory abnormalities associated with disseminated disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are nonspecific, diagnosis requires recovery of the organism from blood or other normally sterile body sites. isolation of mac by conventional mycobacterial culture on tubed solid medium generally takes 3-4 weeks. this interval can be decreased to 5-12 days with the radiometric bactec tb system and to 12-19 days with septi-chek afb. for diagnosis of mac bacteremia, ... | 1994 | 7515701 |
| epitope specificity and isoforms of the mycobacterial 19-kilodalton antigen. | the topography and specificity of b- and t-cell stimulatory epitopes from the 19-kda protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated by using overlapping synthetic peptides. murine antisera identified two cryptic epitopes (residues 11 to 30 and 61 to 80) and one species-specific immunodominant epitope (residues 140 to 159). immunoglobulins g1 and g2a antibody isotypes varied for the respective peptide immunogens but without relationship to the t-cell cytokine profiles which were characte ... | 1994 | 7516315 |
| disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection in two patients with aids. | mycobacterium genavense is a recently defined fastidious organism that has been identified as a cause of disseminated infection in patients with aids. we report the cases of two patients who had advanced aids and a clinical syndrome of fever, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. in addition, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were prominent in both cases, and in one patient's case radiographic findings were suggestive of splenic abscesses. mycobacteria isolated from specimens of bl ... | 1994 | 7516719 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis and escherichia coli share common antigenic determinants. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic enteritis of ruminants, which is due to infection by mycobacterium paratuberculosis. by comparative analysis of western blots of m. paratuberculosis components incubated with sera from paratuberculous cows (either pre-absorbed or not on an escherichia coli sonicate), we have shown the presence of cross-reactive antigens between m. paratuberculosis and e. coli. components in the range of 22 to 75 kda are recognized by sera from paratuberculous cows, ... | 1994 | 7518988 |
| nucleotide sequences of the spacer-1, spacer-2 and trailer regions of the rrn operons and secondary structures of precursor 23s rrnas and precursor 5s rrnas of slow-growing mycobacteria. | the single ribosomal rna (rrn) operons of slow-growing mycobacteria comprise the genes for 16s, 23s and 5s rrna, in that order. pcr methodology was used to amplify parts of the rrn operons, namely the spacer-1 region separating the 16s rrna and 23s rrna genes and the spacer-2 region separating the 23s rrna and 5s rrna genes of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, 'mycobacterium lufu' and mycobacterium simiae. the amplified dna was sequenced. the spacer-2 region, the 5s rrna gene, t ... | 1994 | 7521248 |
| [antigen-binding lymphocytes to the mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigen in crohn's disease and nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. | | 1993 | 7521551 |
| rifabutin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. | rifabutin is a derivative of rifamycin s with activity against mycobacteria including atypical organisms such as mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare, also referred to as mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac). to date, rifabutin is the only drug to have been studied in large prospective placebo-controlled trials that has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of disseminated mac infection when administered prophylactically as a single agent to patients with acquired imm ... | 1994 | 7521834 |
| increased fas antigen expression in murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome, maids. | the fas antigen (fas), which is a cell surface protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, mediates apoptosis. to assess the contribution of fas to the pathogenesis of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency, we examined the kinetics of fas expression on the lymphocytes during the course of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (maids) induced by a defective lp-bm5 murine leukemia virus. the fas-positive cells were increased in proportion both in alpha beta t cells and b cell ... | 1994 | 7523140 |
| high predictive value of the acid-fast smear for mycobacterium tuberculosis despite the high prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens. | the value of the smear for acid-fast bacilli in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis is unclear in a setting where there is a high prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens. to evaluate the impact of a high prevalence of m. avium complex on the predictive value of the acid-fast bacilli smear for tuberculosis, we reviewed findings on smears and results of cultures over a 3-year period at a hospital where m. avium complex is the predominant mycobacterial isolate. in this sett ... | 1994 | 7527254 |
| discrimination of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare strains by genomic dna fingerprinting with a 16s rrna gene probe. | ribotyping was investigated as a means of distinguishing ten different serotyped reference strains and seven epidemiologically unrelated isolates of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare using a labelled 16s rdna probe. thirteen restriction enzymes were screened towards an accurate discrimination of strains. two selected restriction enzymes (saci and clai) enabled us to classify the 17 strains into ten ribotypes with an index of discrimination of 0.897. typeability and reproducibility ... | 1994 | 7528153 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterium avium complex coinfection of monocytoid cells results in reciprocal enhancement of multiplication. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is an important opportunistic infection in aids patients. because cells of macrophage lineage are targets for both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and mac, the monocytoid cell line u937 was coinfected with both pathogens. coinfected cultures had increased hiv replication (more than threefold at day 6) and an increased percentage of hiv-infected cells compared with cultures infected only with hiv. the kinetics of hiv replication were sig ... | 1995 | 7528254 |
| small bowel involvement by mycobacterium avium complex in a patient with aids: endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic similarities to whipple's disease. | | 1994 | 7532144 |
| pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy of liposomal capreomycin in disseminated mycobacterium avium beige mouse model. | capreomycin was incorporated into multilamellar vesicles of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. the pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of capreomycin in the free and liposomal forms were studied in normal mice. the efficacies of the two forms were evaluated by using the mycobacterium avium complex beige mouse model. approximately 10(7) viable m. avium cells were injected intravenously. seven days later, treatment with either liposomal or free capreomycin at 60 or 120 mg/kg of body weight was a ... | 1994 | 7535036 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from spiked human sputum by q-beta replicase-amplified assay. | we report on a rapid, sensitive, q-beta replicase-amplified nucleic acid hybridization assay for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from spiked human sputum. specimens were processed by either an n-acetyl-l-cysteine-naoh or a 2% naoh digestion-decontamination method and then washed to neutralize the ph of the cell pellet. the washed sputum pellets were heated at 100 degrees c to inactivate the m. tuberculosis organisms. the heat-inactivated samples were mechanically lysed at 5, ... | 1995 | 7536213 |
| rapid induction of mrna for nitric oxide synthase ii in rat alveolar macrophages by intratracheal administration of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms are among the most common bacterial cause of disseminated infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). an increase in the incidence of virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is also occurring throughout the world. in vitro data suggest that nitric oxide (no) may be important in restricting the growth of mac. however, the ability of mtb to stimulate no production and the susceptibility of mtb to the bactericidal activity of ... | 1995 | 7536940 |
| ethanol suppresses mycobacteria tuberculosis-induced mrna for nitric oxide synthase in alveolar macrophages, in vivo. | acute ingestion of alcohol [ethanol (etoh)] adversely affects the immunocompetence of both naive individuals as well as chronic alcohol abusers. an increased incidence and severity of tuberculosis is found in chronic alcohol abusers. nitric oxide (no) produced by alveolar macrophages (ams) may play a role in the in vitro killing of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is believed to be a primary cytokine mediator of no produc ... | 1995 | 7542849 |
| mycobacterial pseudotumors of lymph node. a report of two cases diagnosed at the time of intraoperative consultation using touch imprint preparations. | the purpose of this report is to emphasize the diagnostic utility of intraoperative touch imprint preparations in the evaluation of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-infected lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | 1995 | 7545386 |
| detection of specific t cell reactivity in sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies silvaticum and paratuberculosis using two defined mycobacterial antigens. | a 30 kda antigen (p30) from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis) and a 40 kda (p40) antigen from mycobacterium avium ssp. silvaticum (m. a. silvaticum) were employed in two different assays to measure the cell-mediated immune reactivity of ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes. in lymphocyte stimulation assays, proliferative responses to the p30 were observed only with lymphocytes from sheep inoculated with live m. a. paratuberculosis or m. a. silvaticum. although this ... | 1995 | 7545852 |
| mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection in children with aids. | | 1995 | 7547354 |
| clarithromycin-induced mania in two patients with aids. | acute psychosis was observed in two patients with aids who were treated with clarithromycin for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. the psychosis resolved when treatment with clarithromycin was discontinued and recurred when it was resumed. an adverse response to clarithromycin therapy is a rare but curable cause of acute psychosis in patients with aids. | 1995 | 7548513 |
| appendicitis due to mycobacterium avium complex in an adolescent infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1995 | 7548527 |
| comparison of the ability of mycobacterium avium, m. smegmatis and m. tuberculosis to invade and replicate within hep-2 epithelial cells. | previous studies have demonstrated that mycobacteria can interact with epithelial cells, a property which can be important for establishing infection. in this study we investigated comparatively the ability of mycobacterium avium, m. tuberculosis and m. smegmatis to invade and multiply within hep-2 epithelial cells. | 1995 | 7548908 |
| evaluating the quality of life associated with rifabutin prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex in persons with aids: combining q-twist and multiattribute utility techniques. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of rifabutin prophylaxis in patients with aids and cd4 counts of less than 200 per cubic millimetre using a combination of q-twist (quality-adjusted time without symptoms and toxicity) and multiattribute health utility assessment. the design consisted of a secondary analysis of two previously reported multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted in 78 academic, community and department of veterans affairs hiv centres and private p ... | 1995 | 7550179 |
| the role of gallium and labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in the aids patient. | because aids patients frequently present with minimal symptomatology, radionuclide imaging with its ability to survey the entire body, is especially valuable. gallium-67 citrate, the most commonly performed radionuclide study for localizing infection in these patients, is most useful for detecting opportunistic infections, especially in the thorax. a negative gallium scan, particularly when the chest x-ray is unremarkable, rules strongly against pulmonary disease. a negative gallium scan in a pa ... | 1995 | 7552945 |
| mai osteomyelitis. 18-year scintigraphic follow-up. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare osteomyelitis is an infrequently reported entity, especially in immunocompetent patients. when multifocal, the imaging findings can be confusing, simulating metastatic disease or other bone lesions. an immunocompetent patient with multifocal mycobacterium avium-intracellulare osteomyelitis is presented who has been followed for 18 years and experienced episodes of exacerbations and further dissemination of her disease, followed by periods of partial remission a ... | 1995 | 7554659 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluation of mycobacterium xenopi isolates. | mycobacterium xenopi and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are biochemically similar. to define the laboratory characteristics of m. xenopi that distinguish it from mac, 53 m. xenopi isolates from different areas in the united states and 47 isolates recovered at one hospital were evaluated by 13 biochemical tests, accuprobe mac (gen-probe, inc., san diego, ca, usa), colony morphology, formation of x-colonies, pigmentation in response to light, growth on macconkey agar without crystal violet, and ... | 1995 | 7554801 |
| novel glycolipids of mycobacterium avium and related m. paratuberculosis strains of relevance to aids and crohn's disease. | the polar glycolipid fractions of several mycobacterial strains of the closely related species m. avium and m. paratuberculosis have been analysed by thin layer chromatography (tlc), high ph anion exchange chromatography (hpaec), gas-liquid chromatography (gc) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the upper phase of a folch partitioning (rather than the lower phase analysed by others) was subjected to tlc in solvent system chloroform-methanol-water 50:40:10 v/v/v. a major band was p ... | 1995 | 7554817 |
| lingular and middle lobe infiltrates in an elderly woman. | | 1995 | 7555130 |
| the relative impact of bacterial virulence and host genetic background on cytokine expression during mycobacterium avium infection of mice. | resistance to mycobacterium avium depends on both genetically encoded macrophage functions and acquired t-cell immunity. cytokines may play a role in either type of resistance. we studied the expression of interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4 and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in naturally susceptible balb/c (bcgs) and naturally resistant c.d2 (bcgr) congenic mice infected with two strains of m. avium (one highly virulent and another of low virulence). we observed that cytokine expression patterns correlate ... | 1995 | 7558149 |
| relationship between virulence of mycobacterium avium strains and induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha production in infected mice and in in vitro-cultured mouse macrophages. | we studied the ability of two mycobacterium avium strains with different virulences to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) synthesis by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages (rpm phi) in vitro in an experiment to look for a possible correlation between virulence and this tnf-inducing capacity. the low-virulence strain, 1983, induced significantly higher production of tnf by rpm phi than did the high-virulence strain, atcc 25291. tnf neutralization during culture of infected rpm phi resulted ... | 1995 | 7558277 |
| endogenous interleukin-12 is involved in resistance of mice to mycobacterium avium complex infection. | acquired cellular resistance against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections involves the induction of th1 type gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-producing t cells. interleukin-12 (il-12) is a cytokine involved in the control of ifn-gamma production by t cells and nk cells. the role of il-12 in the response to mac infection was investigated. depletion of endogenous il-12 by injection of monoclonal antibody prior to and during intranasal infection with mac resulted in an 150- to 550-fold increase ... | 1995 | 7558312 |
| interleukin-12-stimulated natural killer cells can activate human macrophages to inhibit growth of mycobacterium avium. | interleukin-12 (il-12) is a critical cytokine that affects many of the biological functions of nk cells and t cells. we have previously shown that both human and murine nk cells are important in host defense against mycobacterium avium complex and act by secreting cytokines that induce macrophages to inhibit the growth of intracellular m. avium. to define the role of il-12 in m. avium complex infection, we stimulated human nk cells with recombinant human il-12 at 0.01 to 1 ng/ml for 24 h and use ... | 1995 | 7558325 |
| distribution of is901 in strains of mycobacterium avium complex from swine by using is901-detecting primers that discriminate between m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. | the presence of the mycobacterial insertion sequence is901 was studied by pcr with reference strains of mycobacterium avium complex; 122 veterinary strains of mycobacteria, mainly m. avium complex, isolated from swine; and 15 clinical strains. four kinds of dna extraction methods for pcr were compared. use of the commercial extraction matrix allowed for the faster and easier preparation of pcr-amplifiable dna than use of naoh heating extraction or sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction of pretreated ... | 1995 | 7559956 |
| use of a multiplex pcr to detect and identify mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare in blood culture fluids of aids patients. | | 1995 | 7559991 |
| detection of mycobacteria in bone marrow biopsy specimens taken to investigate pyrexia of unknown origin. | to investigate the value of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection. | 1995 | 7560193 |
| [uveitis with hypopyon in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, treated with rifabutin]. | iridocyclitis has been identified as a dosage-dependent side effect in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated for mycobacterium avium complex infections with systemic rifabutin. we reviewed cases of acute hypopyon uveitis occurring in patients with aids to establish whether there was an association or not. | 1995 | 7560784 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in macaques with aids is associated with a specific strain of simian immunodeficiency virus and prolonged survival after primary infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected macaques is a frequent opportunistic infection that shares many features with the condition in human aids patients. a retrospective analysis of necropsies on 135 macaques with siv-induced simian aids that received neither antiretroviral nor antimicrobial therapy revealed that 17% (23/135) were infected with mac. mac developed in 31.3% (21/67) of the animals inoculated with uncloned sivmac251 versus 1.9% (1/53) and ... | 1995 | 7561201 |
| treatment of resistant oral aphthous ulcers in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | four children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and aphthous oral ulcers with severe odynophagia were treated with a short oral course of prednisone. the lesions resolved completely with no adverse effects. we recommend considering a short course of prednisone for relief of symptoms in these patients. | 1995 | 7562298 |
| pyrazinoic acid esters with broad spectrum in vitro antimycobacterial activity. | a series of substituted pyrazinoic acid esters has been prepared and examined for their in vitro activity against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium kansasii as well as mycobacterium tuberculosis. modification of both the pyrazine nucleus and the ester functionality have been very successful in expanding the activity of pyrazinamide to include m. avium and m. kansasii, organisms normally not susceptible to pyrazinamide. several of these compounds have activities 100-1000-fold greater than tha ... | 1995 | 7562923 |
| [studies on production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and granulocyte. macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection]. | production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) by peripheral blood monocytes (pbms) from patients with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection was assessed and the relationship with their clinical course was analyzed. pbms were obtained from mac-infected patients in their active stage as well as in the inactive stage and the healthy controls. spontaneous release of il-1 beta by pbms from patients in the active stage w ... | 1995 | 7564050 |
| [massive and progressive hepatosplenomegaly caused by disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a 28-year-old hemophilia a patient was admitted to our hospital in july, 1991 because of high fever, chronic diarrhea and anemia. the patient had been recognized as a asymptomatic carrier of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 1985 and had developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had been diagnosed as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in 1990. hematologic laboratory examinations on admission revealed pancytopenia and a cd4+ cell count of 3/mm3. x-ray findings of chest and abdomen w ... | 1995 | 7564051 |
| [reproducibility of mtd system for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis: a cooperative study among six laboratories]. | the gen-probe amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (mtd) is a rapid test for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, utilizing the rrna amplification method. for assessing the reliability and reproducibility of the method, a co-operative blind study was conducted among 6 laboratories. materials for test were sputum and water samples containing known numbers of mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium avium, and samples without bacteria. from three of 6 laboratories, false-positi ... | 1995 | 7564057 |
| how to treat bacteraemic mycobacterium avium complex disease. | | 1995 | 7564723 |
| rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. | | 1995 | 7564759 |
| surgical treatment of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis in children. | fifteen children with nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis of the head and neck underwent surgical treatment between july 1991 and july 1994. fine-needle aspiration for biopsy and culture allowed early diagnosis in nine children. positive cultures grew mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in 12 children and m. chelonei in one child. total excision was performed in 10 cases with combinations of lymphadenectomy and salivary gland excision. curettage was used to successfully treat five child ... | 1995 | 7564828 |
| drugs for aids and associated infections. | | 1995 | 7565297 |
| [extra and intracellular activity of dirithromycin against mycobacterium avium]. | the in vitro activity of dirithromycin alone and in combination with clofazimin, ethambutol and rifabutin was tested against thirty strains of mycobacterium avium isolated from patients. extracellular activity of dirithromycin was assessed by determining mics using the radiometric methodology in 7h12 broth at two phs 6.8 and 7.4. the mics obtained at ph 7.4 were 3 to 4 more dilutions lower than those obtained at ph 6.8. activity of pairs of antibiotics was measured using the fic indices. dirithr ... | 1995 | 7567116 |
| [isolation of an acid-alcohol resistant bacillus (baar) in the febrile hiv infected patients: mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) or mycobacterium avium complex (mac)?]. | the detection of baar in hiv infected patients with cd4 < 100/mm3 and with an infectious syndrome urge on beginning an effective treatment against mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or mycobacterium avium complex, before the results of the culture are known. our purpose was to search clinical and biological features to angle directly the diagnosis towards a tuberculosis or not, and to start the most suitable treatment. this retrospective study, from 1986 to 1993, stated on 54 patients who had at lea ... | 1995 | 7567132 |
| application of thin-section low-dose chest ct (tsct) in the management of pediatric aids. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thin-section low-dose computed tomography (tsct) in the management of children with aids, as chest radiographs (cxr) often fail to adequately explain the patients' clinical status. we performed 54 noncontrast tscts on 32 children. the patients aged from 3 months to 14.6 years, were diagnosed as having bacterial pneumonia, lumphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare ... | 1995 | 7567277 |
| [mycobacterium gordonae infections in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections are frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). mycobacterium avium intracellulare is the most frequent organism isolated but several other mycobacteria are also seen. mycobacterium gordonae is a saprophytic mycobacteria which is rarely pathogenic. it was observed in 9% (7 patients) of the mycobacterial infections observed in our unit over a period of 3 years. | 1995 | 7567831 |
| [clinical course of mycobacteriosis in young persons]. | clinical manifestations of mycobacteriosis in 22 patients aged 16-35 are described. in males and females the disease was caused by m. avium and m. fortuitum, predisposed by exposure to occupational hazards and previous bronchopulmonary and general somatic diseases, respectively. in x-ray pictures of the lungs there appeared unilateral lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung. | 1995 | 7567880 |
| bacterial agents isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and neurological complications. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from 2083 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and neurological complications were bacteriologically examined during a period of 7 years (1984-1990). the percentage of patients who had at least one bacterial agent cultured from the csf was 6.2%. mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most frequently isolated agent (4.3%), followed by mycobacterium avium complex or mac (0.7%), pseudomonas spp (0.5%), enterobacter spp (0.4%), and staphylococcus aure ... | 1994 | 7569621 |
| molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis: the need for new diagnostic tools. | | 1995 | 7570402 |
| lack of mycobactin dependence of mycobacteria isolated on middlebrook 7h11 from clinical cases of ovine paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is distinguished from other mycobacterial species by its dependence on the iron-chelator factor mycobactin and its prolonged incubation period when grown in vitro. traditionally, a very low rate of isolation has been considered characteristic of sheep strains of this mycobacterium species. in the present study, a comparison was made of the performance of two media, löwenstein-jensen and middlebrook 7h11/oadc both with and without mycobactin, on the iso ... | 1995 | 7571372 |
| pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and zidovudine in patients with aids. | the interrelationships between the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine alone and of zidovudine plus clarithromycin were evaluated with 18 volunteers with aids who had no infection with mycobacterium avium complex or clinical evidence of gastroenteritis. patients received 200 mg of zidovudine orally every 8 h on days 1 to 4 and 1,000 mg of clarithromycin every 12 h, given 2 h apart from zidovudine, on days 2 to 4. concentrations of zidovudine in plasma were measured at steady state both prior to (phas ... | 1995 | 7574530 |
| protection of mice from mycobacterium avium infection by recombinant interleukin-12. | treatment with interleukin-12 (il-12) significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria in mice infected with mycobacterium avium. il-12 itself, however, could not inhibit directly mycobacterial growth in vitro. il-12 exerts antimycobacterial activity in vivo with a low level of toxicity, possibly by enhancing the host defense against the infection. | 1995 | 7574533 |
| carryover of clofazimine into culture media. | | 1995 | 7574539 |
| rifamycins: strain improvement program. | rifamycins are primarily produced by gram-positive bacterium amycolatopsis mediterranei, which belongs to the order actinomycetales. these antibiotics, apart from their application against pathogens of tuberculosis and leprosy, have also been found to be effective against several other pathogens including mycobacterium avium and pneumococcus. because of the importance of rifamycin, the producer strain a. mediterranei has been genetically manipulated since 1957 in order to develop a strain that c ... | 1995 | 7576149 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay licensed by the usda for use in cattle for diagnosis of ovine paratuberculosis. | a commercially available mycobacterium phlei-absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) approved to detect antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle was evaluated for its applicability in sheep. the potential for interference with elisa results from cross-reacting antibodies to corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was also investigated. serum samples were randomly selected from a collection of samples obtained in 1986-1991 from 6 infected and 5 noninfected sheep flocks varying ... | 1995 | 7578450 |
| clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates in a canadian tertiary care center. | to determine the epidemiology and clinical features of disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in our institution, we reviewed the medical records of all patients from whom ntm isolates were recovered from 1988 to 1990 to extract selected clinical and laboratory data. on the basis of the likelihood of infection, patients were classified as having definite, probable, or unlikely ntm disease as defined by published guidelines. of 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 17 had definite ... | 1995 | 7578721 |
| localized soft-tissue infections with mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex in immunocompetent patients: granulomatous tenosynovitis of the hand or wrist. | in immunocompetent patients, mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) has been associated with pulmonary infection in adults, cervical lymphadenitis in children, and disseminated infection in children and adults. mac rarely has been recognized as a cause of localized soft-tissue infection in immunocompetent hosts. six cases of granulomatous tenosynovitis due to mac are reported; five cases occurred after local surgical procedures, trauma, or corticosteroid injection. in fou ... | 1995 | 7578762 |
| clinical manifestations and implications of coinfection with mycobacterium kansasii and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | we conducted a retrospective study to further elucidate the clinical presentations and prognosis of disease due to mycobacterium kansasii in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). forty-nine hiv-infected patients first had m. kansasii isolated at a mean cd4 cell count of 62/mm3 and at a mean interval of 17 months after the diagnosis of aids. seventeen of the 49 patients had disseminated disease caused by m. kansasii. twenty-nine patients had a positive acid-fast smear of sput ... | 1995 | 7578764 |