| [the neferm test in the identification of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from milk and dairy products]. | sanitary and nutriti on quality of foods from animal sources, that means also of milk and dairy products, are significantly influenced by the presence of psychrotrophic bacteria, the lipolytic and proteolytic activity of which contributes to their nutritive and sensory changes. this applies particularly to psychrotrophic bacteria of the genus pseudomonas, shewanella, alcaligenes and flavobacterium (muir and phillips, 1984; piton and richard, 1985; craven and macauley, 1990). these bacteria cause ... | 1995 | 7571245 |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria contain mosaics of catabolic genes. | dna from 32 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria from diverse locations was probed with the first three genes of the well-known 2,4-d degradation pathway found in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4). the majority of strains did not show high levels of homology to the first three genes of the 2,4-d degradation pathway, tfda, -b, and -c. most strains showed combinations of tfda-, b-, and c-like elements that exhibited various degrees of homology to the gene probes. strains havi ... | 1995 | 7574638 |
| isolation and characterization of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from soil near an oil refinery. | four bacterial strains (i-iv) capable of optimum growth on 0.1% naphthalene, anthracene or a mixture of naphthalene and phenanthrene were isolated from soil near an oil refinery. two isolates (i and ii) were identified as belonging to the genus micrococcus, while strains iii and iv were identified as pseudomonas and alcaligenes respectively. all the isolates were found to bear high molecular weight plasmid dna (isolate i and iv 89%, ii 67.5% and iii 92.1% of lambda dna), which is presumed to aid ... | 1995 | 7576515 |
| effectiveness of once-weekly vancomycin and once-daily gentamicin, intraperitoneally, for capd peritonitis. | | 1995 | 7578507 |
| extraction and purification of microbial dna from petroleum-contaminated soils and detection of low numbers of toluene, octane and pesticide degraders by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and southern analysis. | we investigated the use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques coupled with southern analysis to detect xenobiotic-degrading organisms that had been added to three soils. two soils highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and a less contaminated control soil were amended with tenfold dilutions of pseudomonas putida mt-2 (pww0), p. oleovorans (oct), and alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 (pjp4), or, for controls, phosphate buffer alone. total dna was then isolated from the soils ... | 1995 | 7582166 |
| gene transfer from a bacterium injected into an aquifer to an indigenous bacterium. | two novel 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria were previously isolated from an aquifer in which no such bacteria could be enriched prior to the introduction of the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain, pseudomonas sp. b13. to understand the origin of 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading genes in the two novel isolates, the 16s ribosomal rna, clcd (dienelactone hydrolase) and clca (chlorocatechol oxygenase) genes from these bacteria were amplified and sequenced. the partial 16s rrna gene sequences and rep-pcr ... | 1995 | 7582169 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime tested against infrequently isolated pathogenic species (unusual pathogens). | the cefotaxime sodium spectrum of activity is very broad and includes many common species and a variety of less frequently isolated pathogens. we have reviewed the clinical microbiology literature (44 references) and the data base of the university of iowa hospitals and clinics (iowa city, ia) to collect data on the activity of cefotaxime against the less common species. cefotaxime was consistently active against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga spp., eikenella corrodens, ery ... | 1995 | 7587049 |
| molecular biological analysis of a bidirectional hydrogenase from cyanobacteria. | an 8.9-kb segment with hydrogenase genes from the cyanobacterium anabaena variabilis has been cloned and sequenced. the sequences show homology to the methyl-viologen-reducing hydrogenases from archaebacteria and, even more striking, to the nad(+)-reducing enzymes from alcaligenes eutrophus and nocardia opaca as well as to the nadp(+)-dependent protein from desulfovibrio fructosovorans. the cluster from a. variabilis contains genes coding for both the hydrogenase heterodimer (hoxh and hoxy) and ... | 1995 | 7588754 |
| acetate utilization is inhibited by benzoate in alcaligenes eutrophus: evidence for transcriptional control of the expression of acoe coding for acetyl coenzyme a synthetase. | during batch growth of alcaligenes eutrophus on benzoate-acetate mixtures, benzoate was the preferred substrate, with acetate consumption being delayed until the rate of benzoate consumption had diminished. this effect was attributed to a transcriptional control of the synthesis of acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) synthetase, an enzyme necessary for the entry of acetate into the central metabolic pathways, rather than to a biochemical modulation of the activity of this enzyme. analysis of a 2.4-kb ... | 1995 | 7592330 |
| antigenic determinants of the membrane-bound hydrogenase in alcaligenes eutrophus are exposed toward the periplasm. | electron microscopic immunogold labeling experiments were performed with ultrathin sections of plasmolyzed cells of alcaligenes eutrophus and "whole-mount" samples of spheroplasts and protoplasts. they demonstrated that antigenic determinants of the membrane-bound hydrogenase are exposed, at the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, to the periplasm. | 1995 | 7592402 |
| operator binding of the cbbr protein, which activates the duplicate cbb co2 assimilation operons of alcaligenes eutrophus. | the regulatory protein cbbr, which activates the transcription of the duplicate, chromosomally and megaplasmid phg1-borne cbb co2 assimilation operons of alcaligenes eutrophus h16, was purified to homogeneity from escherichia coli after heterologous expression of the cloned cbbr gene. the pure protein occurred as either a 63-kda dimer at room temperature or a 125-kda tetramer at 4 degrees c. cbbr bound to the 167-bp cbb control region separating the divergently oriented cbbr gene (defective copy ... | 1995 | 7592435 |
| spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on active-site transitions of the type 1 copper protein pseudoazurin from achromobacter cycloclastes. | the single type 1 copper protein pseudoazurin from achromobacter cycloclastes gives reversible electrochemical behavior at a (4-pyridyl)disulfide-modified gold electrode. measurements carried out at 25.0 degrees c indicate a midpoint reduction potential of e 1/2 = 260 mv versus normal hydrogen electrode at ph 7.0 and a peak-to-peak separation of delta ep = 59 mv. the diffusion coefficient and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant are estimated to be 2.23 x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 and 3.7 x 10(-2) ... | 1995 | 7592754 |
| evidence that operons tcb, tfd, and clc encode maleylacetate reductase, the fourth enzyme of the modified ortho pathway. | the maleylacetate reductase from pseudomonas sp. strain b13 functioning in the modified ortho pathway was purified and digested with trypsin. the polypeptides separated by high-performance liquid chromatography were sequenced. alignments with the polypeptides predicted from the tfdf and tcbf genes located on plasmids pjp4 of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-degrading alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 and pp51 of the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading pseudomonas sp. strain p51 as well as polypeptides pre ... | 1995 | 7601858 |
| characterization of three genes in the dam-containing operon of escherichia coli. | the dam-containing operon in escherichia coli is located at 74 min on the chromosomal map and contains the genes arok, arob, a gene called urf74.3, dam and trps. we have determined the nucleotide sequence between the dam and trps genes and show that it encodes two proteins with molecular weights of 24 and 27 kda. furthermore, we characterize the three genes urf74.3, 24kda, 27kda and the proteins they encode. the predicted amino acid sequences of the 24 and 27 kda proteins are similar to those of ... | 1995 | 7603433 |
| enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of poly[(r)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate]: formation of macroscopic granules in vitro. | a combined chemical and enzymatic procedure has been developed to synthesize macroscopic poly[(r)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (phb) granules in vitro. the granules form in a matter of minutes when purified polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from alcaligenes eutrophus is exposed to synthetically prepared (r)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme a, thereby establishing the minimal requirements for phb granule formation. the artificial granules are spherical with diameters of up to 3 microns and significantly lar ... | 1995 | 7603982 |
| production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant escherichia coli strains: genetic and fermentation studies. | a number of escherichia coli strains including k12, b, w, xl1-blue, dh5 alpha, hb101, jm109, and c600 were transformed with the stable high-copy-number plasmid psyl105 containing the alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoic acid biosynthesis genes, and were subsequently compared for their ability to synthesize and accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (phb). the rate of phb synthesis, the extent of phb accumulation, and phb yield from glucose varied considerably from one strain to another. str ... | 1995 | 7606664 |
| high-level poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) production in recombinant escherichia coli in sugar-free, complex medium. | the poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) biosynthetic genes of alcaligenes eutrophus that are organized in a single operon (phbcab) have been cloned in escherichia coli, where the expression of the genes in the wild-type phb operon from plasmid p4a leads to the formation of 10 or 50-80% phb/cell dry mass when the cells are grown in luria-bertani medium alone or supplemented with 1% glucose (w/v), respectively. to further stimulate phb formation independent of additional carbon source in luria-bertan ... | 1995 | 7606665 |
| morphology and biodegradability of a binary blend of poly((r)-3-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly((r,s)-lactic acid). | the miscibility, morphology, and biodegradability of a binary blend of bacterial poly((r)-3-hydroxybutyric acid)(p((r)-3hb);mn = 300,000) with atactic poly((r,s)-lactic acid)(p((r,s)-la);mn = 9,000) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and hydrolysis with an without enzyme. differential scanning calorimetry revealed that a p((r)-3hb)-p((r,s)-la) blend had a single glass-transition temperature for all proportions of the comp ... | 1995 | 7606667 |
| molecular characterization of a deletion-prone region of plasmid pae1 of alcaligenes eutrophus h1. | a 93-kb region (d region) of plasmid pae1 of alcaligenes eutrophus h1 has been found to have a high rate of spontaneous deletion. in this study, we constructed a restriction endonuclease map and carried out limited sequencing of an approximately 100-kb region from pae1 which includes the d region (the deleted region) in order to detect and characterize repetitive sequences. two types of repetitive sequences, the r1 and r2 sequences, were observed to flank the d region; within the d region are th ... | 1995 | 7608094 |
| role of fadr and atoc(con) mutations in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) synthesis in recombinant pha+ escherichia coli. | recombinant escherichia coli fadr atoc(con) mutants containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis genes from alcaligenes eutrophus are able to incorporate significant levels of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv) into the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p(3hb-co-3hv)]. we have used e. coli fadr (fadr is a negative regulator of fatty acid oxidation) and e. coli atoc(con) (atoc is a positive regulator of fatty acid uptake) mutants to demonstrate that either one of these mutati ... | 1995 | 7618860 |
| identification of interaction site of pseudoazurin with its redox partner, copper-containing nitrite reductase from alcaligenes faecalis s-6. | pseudoazurin, a low molecular weight protein containing a single type i copper, functions as an electron donor to a copper-containing nitrite reductase (nir) in a denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes faecalis s-6. to elucidate the protein-protein interaction between these two copper-containing proteins, each of nine out of 13 lysine residues on the surface of pseudoazurin were independently replaced by alanine or aspartate, and the effects of the mutations on the interaction with nir, as well as t ... | 1995 | 7630886 |
| the crystal structure of apo-pseudoazurin from alcaligenes faecalis s-6. | the 3d structure of the apo-pseudoazurin (copper free pseudoazurin) from alcaligenes faecalis strain s-6 is determined and refined at ph 6.7 using x-ray diffraction data to 1.85 a resolution. the final crystallographic r-factor is 0.164. comparing the structures of apo-pseudoazurin and the native (cu2+) protein, we observed limited differences ranging between 0.1-0.4 a at the vicinity of the copper site, at the loops connecting the secondary structural elements, at certain beta-strands and at th ... | 1995 | 7635192 |
| the napedabc gene cluster encoding the periplasmic nitrate reductase system of thiosphaera pantotropha. | the napedabc locus coding for the periplasmic nitrate reductase of thiosphaera pantotropha has been cloned and sequenced. the large and small subunits of the enzyme are coded by napa and napb. the sequence of napa indicates that this protein binds the gmp-conjugated form of the molybdopterin cofactor. cysteine-181 is proposed to ligate the molybdenum atom. it is inferred that the active site of the periplasmic nitrate reductase is structurally related to those of the molybdenum-dependent formate ... | 1995 | 7639719 |
| evidence for two distinct azurins in alcaligenes xylosoxidans (ncimb 11015): potential electron donors to nitrite reductase. | we have isolated two type 1 copper-containing proteins (m(r) approximately 13k) from alcaligenes xylosoxidans (ncimb 11015) grown under denitrifying conditions. amino acid sequence analysis of these two proteins shows one to be the previously identified azurin (ambler, 1971), which we shall call azurin i, and the other to be a related, but previously undescribed, blue copper protein which we show to also be an azurin and propose to call azurin ii. thus, ncimb 11015 becomes the second system wher ... | 1995 | 7640272 |
| characterization by arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading strains of comamonas testosteroni isolated from pcb-contaminated soil. | in this study, we isolated and characterized biphenyl (bp) and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrading bacterial strains found in pcb-contaminated soil from an auto manufacturing plant located in syracuse, new york. twenty-one bp and pcb-degrading bacteria were randomly selected to form a representative sample of the bacterial population present at the site. of the 21 bacteria, 13 were identified as comamonas testosteroni, constituting about 60% of the bacterial population examined. other pcb d ... | 1995 | 7641143 |
| aliphatic nitrilase from a soil-isolated comamonas testosteroni sp.: gene cloning and overexpression, purification and primary structure. | an aliphatic nitrilase, active on adiponitrile and cyanovaleric acid, was identified and purified from comamonas testosteroni sp. (ct). oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were designed from limited amino acid (aa) sequence information and used to clone the corresponding gene, named nita. high homologies were found at the aa level between ct nitrilase and the sequences of known nitrilases. multi-alignment of sequenced nitrilases suggests that cys163 of ct plays an essential role in the active site. ... | 1995 | 7642130 |
| characterization of diverse 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degradative plasmids isolated from soil by complementation. | the diversity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degradative plasmids in the microbial community of an agricultural soil was examined by complementation. this technique involved mixing a suitable alcaligenes eutrophus (rifr) recipient strain with the indigenous microbial populations extracted from soil. after incubation of this mixture, rifr recipient strains which grow with 2,4-d as the only c source were selected. two a. eutrophus strains were used as recipients: jmp228 (2,4-d-), which ... | 1995 | 7646006 |
| properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from a marine bacterium, alcaligenes faecalis ae122. | alcaligenes faecalis ae122 that used poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) as a sole source of carbon was newly isolated from a coastal seawater sample. the strain required seawater for growth on phb as well as in a nutrient broth, in which seawater could be replaced by an appropriate concentration of nacl. phb depolymerase was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of a. faecalis ae122 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme consisted of a monomer subunit ... | 1995 | 7646009 |
| influence of different chemical treatments on transport of alcaligenes paradoxus in porous media. | seven chemicals, three buffers, and a salt solution known to affect bacterial attachment were tested to quantify their abilities to enhance the penetration of alcaligenes paradoxus in porous media. chemical treatments included tween 20 (a nonionic surfactant that affects hydrophobic interactions), sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic surfactant), edta (a cell membrane permeabilizer that removes outer membrane lipopolysaccharides), sodium ppi (a surface charge modifier), sodium periodate (an oxidiz ... | 1995 | 7646012 |
| [staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. bacteriologic aspects]. | struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract in ... | 1994 | 7658975 |
| beta-lytic endopeptidases. | | 1995 | 7674960 |
| the gene locus of the proton-translocating nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase in escherichia coli. organization of the 14 genes and relationship between the derived proteins and subunits of mitochondrial complex i. | the gene locus nuo of the proton-translocating nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase in escherichia coli was identified by means of a dna probe made by the polymerase chain reaction. the primers used for the reaction were derived from consensus sequences of the nad(h)-binding subunit of mitochondrial nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase and the nad(+)-reducing hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus. the nuo locus lies between minutes 49.2 and 49.6 on the e. coli chromosome and contains a cluster of 14 genes. ... | 1993 | 7690854 |
| nosocomial neonatal meningitis by alcaligenes xylosoxidans transmitted by aqueous eosin. | | 1993 | 7692379 |
| identification and characterization of the insertion element is1070 from leuconostoc lactis nz6009. | a novel insertion sequence, designated is1070, was identified on the lactose plasmid of leuconostoc lactis nz6009 by nucleotide sequence analysis. the 1027-bp sequence contains partially matched (24 of 28 bp) inverted repeats and has one long open reading frame. the deduced 305-amino-acid sequence demonstrated homology to transposases of is30 from escherichia coli, is4351 from bacteroides fragilis, is1086 from alcaligenes eutrophus, is1161 from streptococcus salivarius, isas2 from aeromonas salm ... | 1995 | 7698675 |
| cloning and sequencing of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene of alcaligenes sp. kf711. | the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase is an aromatic ring-fission enzyme catalyzing the conversion of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene has been cloned from chromosomal dna of alcaligenes sp. kf711, and its sequence was determined. the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene was consisted of 927 nucleotides with atg initiation codon and tga termination codon, which can encode a polypeptide of molecular weight 35 kda containing 308 amino acid residues. g+c content of the gen ... | 1995 | 7702624 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the tn5271 3-chlorobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase genes (cbaab) unites the class ia oxygenases in a single lineage. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3-chlorobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase genes, designated cbaab, from the transposon tn5271 was determined. the function of the two sequenced open reading frames was evaluated by mutagenesis and expression in vivo to show that the cbaa and cbab genes code for dioxygenase and reductase proteins, respectively. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the cbaab genes with sequences for other oxygenases revealed a clearly defined lineage among the class ia oxygenases ... | 1995 | 7704279 |
| structure of azurin from achromobacter xylosoxidans ncib11015 at 2.5 a resolution. | the crystal structure of azurin from a denitrifying bacterium, achromobacter xylosoxidans ncib11015, has been refined at 2.5 a resolution using diffraction data obtained by means of synchrotron radiation at kek. crystals suitable for x-ray experiment were obtained by the macro-seeding method and an intensity data were obtained on imaging plates mounted on a weissenberg camera (rmerge = 0.09). the initial model was obtained by the molecular replacement method using the structure of azurin from al ... | 1994 | 7706206 |
| a gene from alcaligenes denitrificans that confers albicidin resistance by reversible antibiotic binding. | albicidin antibiotics specifically block prokaryote dna replication. the albicidin resistance gene (albb) cloned from a soil isolate of alcaligenes denitrificans encodes a 23 kda protein capable of detoxifying albicidin by reversible binding. this mechanism operates intracellularly to protect dna replication in albicidin-sensitive escherichia coli expressing the cloned resistance gene, which can be induced fivefold in the presence of 1.5 micrograms albicidin ml-1 in the surrounding medium. the c ... | 1995 | 7711894 |
| canthaxanthin biosynthesis by the conversion of methylene to keto groups in a hydrocarbon beta-carotene by a single gene. | compounds that include (a) keto group(s) in a molecule are ubiquitous natural components. a novel gene involved in ketocompound biosynthesis, designated crtw, was isolated from the marine bacteria agrobacterium aurantiacum and alcaligenes pc-1 that produce ketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin. when this gene was introduced into escherichia coli that accumulated beta-carotene due to the erwinia carotenogenic genes, the e. coli transformants synthesized canthaxanthin, one of ketocarotenoids, which ... | 1995 | 7733978 |
| degradation of trichlorophenols by alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134. | the degradation of chlorophenols by alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 (pjp4) was studied. the strain grew on 2,4,6-trichlorophenol or 2,4,6-tribromophenol as the sole carbon and energy source. complete degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was confirmed by chloride release and gas chromatography analysis of supernatants from growth cultures. the 2,3,5-, 2,3,4-, 2,3,6- and 2,4,5-isomers of trichlorophenol did not support growth. however, up to 40% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was mineralized during growth ... | 1995 | 7737484 |
| the fnr family of transcriptional regulators. | homologues of the transcriptional regulator fnr from escherichia coli have been identified in a variety of taxonomically diverse bacterial species. despite being structurally very similar, members of the fnr family have disparate regulatory roles. those from shewanella putrefaciens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodopseudomonas palustris are functionally similar to fnr in that they regulate anaerobic respiration or carbon metabolism. four rhizobial proteins (from rhizobium me ... | 1994 | 7747934 |
| characterization of an operon encoding an nadp-reducing hydrogenase in desulfovibrio fructosovorans. | a genomic dna fragment from desulfovibrio fructosovorans, which strongly hybridized with the hydab genes from desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough, was cloned and sequenced. this fragment was found to contain four genes, named hnda, hndb, hndc, and hndd. analysis of the sequence homologies indicated that hnda shows 29, 21, and 26% identity with the 24-kda subunit from bos taurus complex i, the 25-kda subunit from paracoccus denitrificans nadh dehydrogenase type i, and the n-terminal domain of ho ... | 1995 | 7751270 |
| conversion of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate and its metabolites 2-chloro- and 5-chloromuconolactone by chloromuconate cycloisomerases of pjp4 and pac27. | 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate, the product of ortho-cleavage of 3-chlorocatechol, was converted by purified preparations of the pjp4- and pac27-encoded chloromuconate cycloisomerases (ec 5.5.1.7) to trans-dienelactone (trans-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide). the same compound was also formed when (+)-2-chloro- and (+)-5-chloromuconolactone were substrates of these enzyme preparations. thus, the pjp4- and pac27-encoded chloromuconate cycloisomerases are able to catalyze chloride elimination from ( ... | 1995 | 7751312 |
| opportunistic nosocomial multiply resistant bacterial infections--their treatment and prevention. | one of the most difficult problems confronting the clinician who deals with nosocomial infections is that of microbial resistance. the predominant nosocomial infections (urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicaemia, surgical wound infections) involve increasing numbers of gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus epidermidis, corynebacterium jeikeium or resistant enterococci as well as new multiresistant gram-negative bacilli such as xanthomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter baumannii and alcalige ... | 1993 | 7755661 |
| analysis of the genes forming the distal parts of the two cbb co2 fixation operons from alcaligenes eutrophus. | in the facultative chemoautotroph alcaligenes eutrophus h16, most of the genes (cbb genes) encoding enzymes of the calvin carbon reduction cycle are organized within two highly homologous cbb operons, one located on the chromosome and the other on the megaplasmid phg1. nucleotide sequencing of the promoter-distal part of the operons revealed three open reading frames, designated cbbg, cbbk, and cbba. similarity searches in databases and heterologous expressions of the subcloned genes in escheric ... | 1995 | 7763137 |
| cloning and molecular analysis of the poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) biosynthetic genes of thiocystis violacea. | from a genomic library of thiocystis violaceae strain 2311 in lambda l47, two adjacent ecori restriction fragments of 5361 base pairs (bp) and of 1978 bp were cloned. the 5361-bp ecori restriction fragment hybridized with a dna fragment harbouring the alcaligenes eutrophus poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) synthase operon (phbcab) and restored the ability to synthesize and accumulate pha in pha-negative mutants derived from a. eutrophus. the nucleotide sequence analysis of both fragments revealed f ... | 1993 | 7763384 |
| stability of r-microbes: stabilization of plasmid vectors by the partitioning function of broad-host-range plasmid rp4. | the genes for biosynthesis of the biodegradable polymer poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (phb) cloned from alcaligenes eutrophus h16 were used for synthesis of phb with recombinant escherichia coli strains. it was recognized that the phb-biosynthesis genes cause segregational instability to the plasmids used as vectors. recombinant phb-plasmids are rapidly lost from host cells and plasmid-free cells occur at high rates, even under conditions of selection for the plasmids. cloning the partitioning r ... | 1993 | 7763562 |
| purification and characterization of novel n-acyl-d-aspartate amidohydrolase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6. | alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6 (alcaligenes a-6) produced n-acyl-d-aspartate amidohydrolase (d-aaase) in the presence of n-acetyl-d-aspartate as an inducer. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 56 kda and was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) to be a monomer. the isoelectric point was 4.8. the enzyme had maximal activity at ph 7.5 to 8.0 and 50 degrees c, and was stable at ph 8.0 and up to 45 de ... | 1993 | 7763985 |
| production, purification, and characterization of d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6. | the best inducers for d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6 (alcaligenes a-6) were a poor substrate, n-acetyl-gamma-methyl-d-leucine, and an inhibitor, n-acetyl-d-alloisoleucine. the enzyme has been homogeneously purified. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 58,000 by gel filtration. a subunit molecular weight of 52,000 was measured by sds-page, indicating that the native protein is a monomer. the isoelectric point was 5.2. the enzyme was ... | 1993 | 7763986 |
| scale-up of a cyclone bioreactor. | the operation of a cyclone bioreactor differs from conventional stirred tanks since the agitation is accomplished by means of a pumped recirculation loop. oxygen transfer can occur across the swirling gas-liquid interface in the cyclone or from bubbles entrained in the recirculation loop. a cyclone bioreactor was scaled-up from a 1 dm3 bench top unit to a 75 dm3 process development unit (pdu). a reduction in the aspect ratio was compensated for by extending the length of the recirculation loop a ... | 1994 | 7764498 |
| purification and characterization of l-aminoacylase from alcaligenes denitrificans da181. | the l-aminoacylase produced intracellularly by alcaligenes denitrificans da181 was purified to homogeneity. this enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 80,000, and was composed of two subunits of identical molecular weight. its isoelectric point was ph 5.1. the optimal reaction temperature and ph were 65 degrees c and 8.0, respectively. this enzyme showed specificity toward n-acetyl-derivative of hydrophobic l-amino acids with n-acetyl-l-valine as the favored substrate, followed by n-acetyl- ... | 1994 | 7764515 |
| construction of plasmids, estimation of plasmid stability, and use of stable plasmids for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant escherichia coli. | plasmids containing the alcaligenes eutrophus poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (phb) biosynthetic genes were constructed for the production of phb in escherichia coli and plasmid stability was investigated by repeated subculturing without antibiotic pressure. both psyl101 (high copy) and psyl102 (medium copy) were unstable during the subcultures. higher instability was observed when cells were accumulating phb. segregational instability was aggravated by the faster growth of plasmid-free cells and by ... | 1994 | 7764567 |
| effects of organic acids on heterotrophic nitrification by alcaligenes faecalis okk17. | factors affecting heterotrophic nitrification by alcaligenes faecalis okk17, which was isolated from sewage sludge, were examined. specific nitrifying activity increased as the ph increased up to 8.5. most of the nitrogenous compounds (88%) in the culture supernatant were converted to hydroxylamine or nitrite at ph 9 but 87% of them remained as ammonium at ph 7. these results imply that the substrate for heterotrophic nitrification is ammonium and that the organism oxidizes ammonium to lower its ... | 1994 | 7765476 |
| cloning and sequencing of a chromosomal fragment from clostridium acetobutylicum strain abkn8 conferring chemical-damaging agents and uv resistance to e. coli reca strains. | a 3.3-kb dna fragment of clostridium acetobutylicum conferred methyl methane sulfonate (mms), mitomycin c (mc), and uv resistance to reca strains of e. coli when cloned on the puc19 plasmid. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the total insert and results of in vitro transcription-translation experiments showed that the insert directed the synthesis of three polypeptides referred to as orfa, orfb, and orfc of 23.6, 15.3, and 21 kda, respectively. none of the polypeptides presented a relations ... | 1994 | 7765497 |
| evolution of chlorocatechol catabolic pathways. conclusions to be drawn from comparisons of lactone hydrolases. | the aerobic bacterial degradation of chloroaromatic compounds often involves chlorosubstituted catechols as central intermediates. they are converted to 3-oxoadipate in a series of reactions similar to that for catechol catabolism and therefore designated as modified ortho-cleavage pathway. among the enzymes of this catabolic route, the chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenases are known to have a relaxed substrate specificity. in contrast, several chloromuconate cycloisomerases are more specific, and the ... | 1994 | 7765840 |
| transfer and expression of pcb-degradative genes into heavy metal resistant alcaligenes eutrophus strains. | sites polluted with organic compounds frequently contain inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals. the latter might inhibit the biodegradation of the organics and impair bioremediation. chromosomally located polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) catabolic genes of alcaligenes eutrophus a5, achromobacter sp. lbs1c1 and alcaligenes denitrificans jb1 were introduced into the heavy metal resistant alcaligenes eutrophus strain ch34 and related strains by means of natural conjugation. mobile elements contai ... | 1994 | 7765842 |
| ion efflux systems involved in bacterial metal resistances. | studying metal ion resistance gives us important insights into environmental processes and provides an understanding of basic living processes. this review concentrates on bacterial efflux systems for inorganic metal cations and anions, which have generally been found as resistance systems from bacteria isolated from metal-polluted environments. the protein products of the genes involved are sometimes prototypes of new families of proteins or of important new branches of known families. sometime ... | 1995 | 7766211 |
| analysis of the cbbf genes from alcaligenes eutrophus that encode fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. | the cbbf genes of the facultative chemoautotroph alcaligenes eutrophus h16 are part of two highly homologous cbb operons. both the chromosomal and the megaplasmid phg1-borne copy of cbbf were cloned and sequenced. subsequent analyses including comparison with known sequences from other organisms and heterologous expression in escherichia coli revealed that each of the genes encodes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase). a closely related activity likewise operating in the calvin carbon reduction ... | 1995 | 7767230 |
| aldb, an rpos-dependent gene in escherichia coli encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase that is repressed by fis and activated by crp. | escherichia coli aldb was identified as a gene that is negatively regulated by fis but positively regulated by rpos. the complete dna sequence determined in this study indicates that aldb encodes a 56.3-kda protein which shares a high degree of homology with an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by acod of alcaligenes eutrophus and an aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by alda of vibrio cholerae and significant homology with a group of other aldehyde dehydrogenases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. e ... | 1995 | 7768815 |
| synthesis of high-molecular-weight poly([r]-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plant cells. | high-molecular-weight poly([r]-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb), a biodegradable thermoplastic, was produced from a suspension culture of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plant cells expressing two genes from the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus involved in the synthesis of phb. the molecular structure of the plant-produced polymer was analysed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy, spectropolarimetry, differential scanning cal ... | 1995 | 7772565 |
| controlling susceptibility against protease digestion. | | 1995 | 7785882 |
| identification of a carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase in alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans. | eleven strains of alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans produced a beta-lactamase with a pi of 5.7 with kinetic data characteristic of a pse-1-type enzyme. a carb-type enzyme was identified by using an intragenic dna probe of blacarb. hybridization of genomic dna after xbai restriction and pulsed-field electrophoresis suggested a chromosomal location for the gene. | 1995 | 7793891 |
| purification and some of the properties of a novel secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus. | alcaligenes eutrophus utilizing nerolidol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, as the sole source of carbon contains an inducible nad(p)(+)-linked secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (sadh). the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a combination of salt precipitation, ion exchange and affinity matrix chromatographies. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 139 kda with four identical subunits of 38.5 kda. the enzyme carried out both oxidation and reduction reactions. at ph 5.5, enzyme c ... | 1995 | 7794267 |
| epidemiological investigation of infections due to alcaligenes species in children and patients with cystic fibrosis: use of repetitive-element-sequence polymerase chain reaction. | twenty-one isolates of alcaligenes species were recovered from the respiratory tract of 16 patients at texas children's hospital over a 1-year period. all but one were identified as alcaligenes xylosoxidans; the remaining isolate was identified as alcaligenes faecalis (formerly alcaligenes odorans). thirteen of 21 isolates were from the sputum of eight patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), two of whom were persistently colonized. the remaining isolates were recovered from intubated children. patte ... | 1995 | 7795082 |
| in vitro activity of fk-037, a novel parenteral cephalosporin, against bacterial isolates from neutropenic cancer patients. | the in vitro activity of fk-037, a novel parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, aztreonam and piperacillin (agents often used in empiric regimens in cancer patients) against recent bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. fk-037 was either equal to or 2 to 16-fold more active than the comparative agents against members of the enterobacteriaceae. it was also active against acinetobacter spp., aeromonas spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other pseudomonas spp. xanthomon ... | 1994 | 7813504 |
| molecular characterization of the pseudomonas putida 2,3-butanediol catabolic pathway. | the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and the acetoin-cleaving system were simultaneously induced in pseudomonas putida ppg2 during growth on 2,3-butanediol and on acetoin. hybridization with a dna probe covering the genes for the e1 subunits of the alcaligenes eutrophus acetoin cleaving system and nucleotide sequence analysis identified acoa (975 bp), acob (1020 bp), apoc (1110 bp), acox (1053 bp) and adh (1086 bp) in a 6.3-kb genomic region. the amino acid sequences deduced from acoa, acob, and aco ... | 1994 | 7813883 |
| proper combination for alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans. | | 1994 | 7814519 |
| microbial endoglycosidases for analyses of oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins. | microbial endoglycosidases are useful for elucidating the structure and function of the oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates. most of the microbial endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases including endo-h can preferentially act on high-mannose type chains of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of various glycoproteins. among them, flavobacterium sp. enzyme is produced in large amounts by the inducing cultivation. using this enzyme, the role of oligosaccharide chains in various microbial glycoenzy ... | 1994 | 7822234 |
| extracellular transport of pseudoazurin of alcaligenes faecalis in escherichia coli using the cooh-terminal domain of serratia marcescens serine protease. | a large cooh-terminal domain of serratia marcescens serine protease (ssp) is essentially required for the excretion of the mature protease region through the outer membrane in escherichia coli. for investigation of the possibility of transporting foreign periplasmic proteins by utilizing the function of the cooh-terminal domain of ssp, the pseudoazurin (pa) gene of alcaligenes faecalis was fused to three different lengths of the cooh-terminal domain via a bglii linker sequence (agatct) which wou ... | 1994 | 7822250 |
| czc/cnr efflux: a three-component chemiosmotic antiport pathway with a 12-transmembrane-helix protein. | | 1994 | 7830556 |
| novel methods to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates. | | 1994 | 7832504 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of the pseudomonas lemoignei polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase system. | pseudomonas lemoignei has five different polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) depolymerase genes (phaz1 to phaz5), which encode the extracellularly localized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) depolymerases c, b, and d, poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (phv) depolymerase, and phb depolymerase a, respectively. four of the five genes (phaz1 to phaz4) have been cloned, and one of them (phaz1) was studied in detail earlier (d. jendrossek, b. müller, and h. g. schlegel, eur. j. biochem. 218:701-710, 1993). the fifth pha dep ... | 1995 | 7836292 |
| newer systems for bacterial resistances to toxic heavy metals. | bacterial plasmids contain specific genes for resistances to toxic heavy metal ions including ag+, aso2-, aso4(3-), cd2+, co2+, cro4(2-), cu2+, hg2+, ni2+, pb2+, sb3+, and zn2+. recent progress with plasmid copper-resistance systems in escherichia coli and pseudomonas syringae show a system of four gene products, an inner membrane protein (pcod), an outer membrane protein (pcob), and two periplasmic cu(2+)-binding proteins (pcoa and pcoc). synthesis of this system is governed by two regulatory p ... | 1994 | 7843081 |
| lysyl endopeptidase of achromobacter lyticus. | | 1994 | 7845202 |
| induction by nitrate of cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteins in the photodenitrifier rhodobacter sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans under anaerobic or aerobic condition. | the synthesis of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide reductases is highly enhanced by the addition of nitrate during growth of rhodobacter sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans. contrary to what is observed in many denitrifiers, the synthesis of these enzymes is not repressed by oxygen at concentrations as high as 37% air saturation. when oxygen concentration is increased up to 100% air saturation, the synthesis of nitrite and nitrous oxide reductases is repressed while the nitrate reductase is st ... | 1994 | 7857198 |
| identification of alcaligin as the siderophore produced by bordetella pertussis and b. bronchiseptica. | the siderophores produced by iron-starved bordetella pertussis and b. bronchiseptica were purified and were found to be identical. using mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, we determined that the siderophore produced by these organisms was identical to alcaligin, a siderophore produced by alcaligenes denitrificans. | 1995 | 7860593 |
| the nickel resistance determinant cloned from the enterobacterium klebsiella oxytoca: conjugational transfer, expression, regulation and dna homologies to various nickel-resistant bacteria. | klebsiella oxytoca strain ccug 15788, isolated from a mineral oil emulsion tank in göteborg, sweden, was found to be nickel-resistant (tolerating 10 mm nicl2 in non-complexing mineral-gluconate media; inducible resistance). the nickel resistance determinants were transferred by helper-assisted conjugation to various strains of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii and expressed to between 5 and 10 mm nicl2. a 4.3 kb hindiii fragment was cloned from the genomic dna of k. oxytoca. ligated into ... | 1995 | 7865994 |
| characterization of an acetyl-coa c-acetyltransferase (thiolase) gene from clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. | thiolase (thl) is an important enzyme at the junction in the pathway leading to the production of either acids (acetate or butyrate) or solvents (acetone, butanol or ethanol) during the growth of clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. cloning and expression of the thl-encoding gene (thl) has been described [petersen and bennett, appl. environ. microbiol. 57 (1991) 2735-2741], as has the purification and properties of the enzyme [wiesenborn et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 54 (1988) 2717-2722]. he ... | 1995 | 7867955 |
| spectroscopic evidence for a common electron transfer pathway for two tryptophan tryptophylquinone enzymes. | aromatic amine dehydrogenase (aadh) and methylamine dehydrogenase (madh) are the only two enzymes known to use the cofactor tryptophan tryptophylquinone (ttq). each catalyzes oxidative deamination of a distinct class of primary amines. a detailed comparison of their circular dichroic spectra indicates that both proteins share a similar fold with their ttq cofactors residing in similar environments and that this may be a useful diagnostic probe for ttq enzymes. alcaligenes faecalis cells induced ... | 1995 | 7876189 |
| genes encoding rubisco in pseudomonas hydrogenothermophila are followed by a novel cbbq gene similar to nirq of the denitrification gene cluster from pseudomonas species. | the cbbl and cbbs genes, encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), were cloned and sequenced from a thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, pseudomonas hydrogenothermophila strain th-1. the cbbl gene encoded a 474-amino-acid (aa) protein (53,285 da); cbbs encoded a 124-aa protein (14,656 da). an orf found downstream from the cbbls genes encoded a 267-aa protein (29,565 da) which had no similarity to cbbx located downstream from cbbls from alcaligenes eutrophus and xa ... | 1995 | 7883189 |
| kinetic mechanism studies of the soluble hydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | purified soluble hydrogenase (h2:nad+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.12.1.2) from alcaligenes eutrophus was activated to high specific activities by flushing the enzyme consecutively with n2 and h2 and then adding substoichiometric quantities of nadh. h2-dependent nad+ reduction activities > or = 110 mumol nadh formed/min/mg protein at ph 8.0 and 30 degrees c were obtained which were stable for several hours at 4 degrees c. kinetic studies were conducted anaerobically using activated enzyme for the purpos ... | 1995 | 7893162 |
| the alcaligenes eutrophus protein hoxn mediates nickel transport in escherichia coli. | hoxn, an integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane helices and a molecular mass of 33.1 kda, is involved in high-affinity nickel transport in alcaligenes eutrophus h16. from genetic analyses, it has been concluded that hoxn is a single-component ion carrier. to investigate this assumption, hoxn was introduced into escherichia coli. the recombinant strain showed significantly enhanced nickel uptake in a short-interval assay. likewise, growth in the presence of 63nicl2 yielded a more than ... | 1995 | 7896709 |
| regulation of saccharomyces cerevisiae flavohemoglobin gene expression. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae hemoglobin is a flavoprotein of unknown function. it shares extensive sequence homology with the globin of candida as well as those of several bacterial species. we have studied its gene regulation in order to better understand its purpose in the cell. transcriptional analyses indicate that, in sharp contrast to the bacterial globins of vitreoscilla and alcaligenes eutrophus, the s. cerevisiae globin message is induced during logarithmic growth and under oxygen-reple ... | 1995 | 7896850 |
| an outbreak of ochrobactrum anthropi bacteraemia in five organ transplant patients. | nosocomial bacteraemia caused by ochrobactrum anthropi occurred over a 1-month period in five organ transplant recipients, four of whom were in the same renal and pancreatic transplant unit. bacteraemia occurred with cyclosporin a, azathioprine and steroids, and with a rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ratg) during the induction phase. ratg appeared to be the only common factor among the five cases. over the period described, 71.4% of all patients receiving ratg developed o. anthropi bacteraemia. ... | 1994 | 7916361 |
| d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes faecalis possesses novel activities on d-methionine. | d-aminoacylase isolated from alcaligenes faecalis da1 has a great potential for future application in d-amino acids production. this paper reports for the first time that d-aminoacylase can reverse the catalysis direction on d-met and deacylate n-ac-d-met-ome and n-ac-d-met-gly. the results provide important insights regarding the binding and affinity of substrates to the active site of this enzyme. based on a systematic study of kinetic properties and relative reactivities for a broad range of ... | 1994 | 7922115 |
| evaluation of minocycline and cefuzonam for antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates. | the antibacterial activity of minocycline (mino) and that of cefuzonam (czon) were assessed with clinical isolates of 19 species, and compared with that of other antibiotics. mino was highly active against methicilli-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, flavobacterium meningosepticum, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, peptostreptococcus spp. and propionibacterium acnes, but not as effective aga ... | 1994 | 7933531 |
| [susceptibilities of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli to antibiotics]. | glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli are important nosocomial pathogens. this study concerned with susceptibilities to antibacterial agents of strains of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli that were isolated from cultures of clinical materials at 123 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1991. the tests for susceptibilities were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls. the following bacteria were tested: pseudomona ... | 1994 | 7933532 |
| secretion of human epidermal growth factor (egf) in autotrophic culture by a recombinant hydrogen-utilizing bacterium, pseudomonas pseudoflava, carrying broad-host-range egf secretion vector pksegf2. | we constructed the broad-host-range human epidermal growth factor (egf) secretion plasmid pksegf2 by inserting the escherichia coli tac promoter, the signal sequence of pseudomonas stutzeri amylase, and the synthesized egf gene into the broad-host-range vector pkt230. e. coli jm109 carrying pksegf2 secreted egf into the periplasm and the culture medium under the control of the tac promoter. pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1161 carrying pksegf2 and pseudomonas putida ac10 carrying pksegf2 secreted egf ... | 1994 | 7944366 |
| replacement of methionine as the axial ligand of achromobacter cycloclastes cytochrome c554 at high ph values revealed by absorption, epr and mcd spectroscopy. | cytochrome c554 from the denitrifying bacterium achromobacter cycloclastes is a monoheme class ii c-type cytochrome with a his-met axial coordination at neutral ph. the amino acid composition and the n-terminal sequence of the cytochrome have been determined. subsequent determination of the ph-dependence of the redox potential and examination of the epr and mcd spectra of ferricytochrome c554 revealed a new form at high ph values made apparent with both spectroscopies. these observations are con ... | 1994 | 7945350 |
| hydrogen gas is not oxidized by mammalian tissues under hyperbaric conditions. | mammalian tissues, including heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle of guinea pig, rat, or pig, were exposed to tritium (t2) and high pressures of h2. incorporation of the tritium label was measured to test for a latent capacity by mammalian tissues to oxidize h2 under conditions such as those experienced by deep divers breathing h2. tissues were removed aseptically, and either minced, homogenized, or prepared as live cell cultures. the tissues were placed in a chamber to which ... | 1994 | 7950800 |
| combined nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance encoded by the ncc locus of alcaligenes xylosoxidans 31a. | the nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance genes carried by plasmid ptom9 of alcaligenes xylosoxidans 31a are located on a 14.5-kb bamhi fragment. by random tn5 insertion mutagenesis, the fragment was shown to contain two distinct nickel resistance loci, ncc and nre. the ncc locus causes a high-level combined nickel, cobalt, and cadmium resistance in strain ae104, which is a cured derivative of the metal-resistant bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus ch34. ncc is not expressed in escherichia coli. the nre ... | 1994 | 7961470 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of an envcd homologue in pseudomonas aeruginosa: regulation by iron and possible involvement in the secretion of the siderophore pyoverdine. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strain k437 is defective in the production of a 90kda ferripyoverdine receptor and is unable to grow in an iron-deficient medium in the presence of the non-metabolizable iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl (0.25 mm). an attempt to clone the ferripyoverdine receptor gene was made by complementing this growth defect. a number of clones restoring growth of k437 on dipyridyl-containing medium were obtained and several of these restored moderate expression of the 90 kda receptor. a 5. ... | 1993 | 7968531 |
| in vitro and in situ survivals of bacterial populations added to fresh water environments. | the fate of aeromonas hydrophila, alcaligenes denitrificans, vibrio cholerae non-01, pseudomonas putida and four different isolates of escherichia coli in fresh river water were assessed by using different microcosms (i.e., membrane diffusion chamber and erlenmeyer flask). when water samples were incubated at 16 +/- 1 degrees c, the differences in extent of survival among test bacteria were in general not significant. if the incubation temperature was raised to 29 +/- 1 degrees c, in the in situ ... | 1993 | 7982366 |
| is1139 from streptococcus salivarius: identification and characterization of an insertion sequence-like element related to mobile dna elements from gram-negative bacteria. | an insertion sequence-like element, is1139, was cloned and sequenced from streptococcus salivarius atcc 25975 chromosome. this insertion sequence-like element is 1168 bp long and is delimited by inverted repeats of 29 bp and by a duplicated sequence of 6 bp. this is possesses an open reading frame that codes for a putative transposase of 339 amino acids which has, respectively, 94, 35, 33, and 30% amino-acid identity with the transposases of is1161 from s. salivarius atcc 25975, is4351 from bact ... | 1994 | 7991667 |
| frequency of horizontal gene transfer of a large catabolic plasmid (pjp4) in soil. | limited work has been done to assess the bioremediation potential of transfer of plasmid-borne degradative genes from introduced to indigenous organisms in the environment. here we demonstrate the transfer by conjugation of the catabolic plasmid pjp4, using a model system with donor and recipient organisms. the donor organism was alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 and the recipient organism was variovorax paradoxus isolated from a toxic waste site. plasmid pjp4 contains genes for mercury resistance an ... | 1994 | 7993092 |
| effect of conformation of the substrate on enzymatic decarboxylation of alpha-arylmalonic acid. | the configuration and conformation of a compound are critical factors that determine whether it can be accepted by an enzyme as a substrate or not. we have examined enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of some alpha-substituted malonic acids and proposed that the syn-periplanar conformation is required for the substrates to be bound to the active site of the enzyme. theoretical calculation of potential energy surfaces also supports the conclusion from experimental results. | 1994 | 8000869 |
| enzymatic regioselective acylation of 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol by achromobacter sp. lipase. | | 1994 | 8004727 |
| molecular diagnostics for polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in contaminated soils. | molecular diagnostic methods using dna hybridization with specific gene probes are being developed for the monitoring of microbial populations capable of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degradation in contaminated soils. evaluation of composite samples from contaminated electrical substation soil by gas chromatography (gc) indicated that the pcbs present in the soil (approximately 200 ppm) resulted from contamination with aroclor 1248. the pcbs have been weathered or degraded so that the lower mo ... | 1994 | 8010689 |
| the effect of chemical pretreatment on the aerobic microbial degradation of pcb congeners in aqueous systems. | a series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of chemical pretreatment on biodegradation of 14c-labeled pcb congeners in aqueous systems. fenton's reagent was used to generate hydroxyl radicals (oh) which were successful in partially oxidizing/transforming otherwise recalcitrant molecules of tetrachlorinated pcb, but had little or no impact on the biodegradation of a monochlorinated congener. application of fenton's reagent (1% h2o2, 1 mm feso4) followed by inoculation with pure c ... | 1995 | 7662299 |
| temperature tolerance of hydrogenase expression in alcaligenes eutrophus is conferred by a single amino acid exchange in the transcriptional activator hoxa. | expression of the soluble (sh) and membrane-bound (mbh) hydrogenases in the facultatively lithoautotrophic bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus is dependent on the transcriptional activator hoxa and the alternative sigma factor sigma 54. deletion analysis revealed that a region 170 bp upstream of the transcriptional start of the sh operon is necessary for high-level promoter activity. mobility shift assays with dna fragments containing the sh upstream region and purified beta-galactosidase-hoxa fusio ... | 1995 | 7730267 |