| ability of selected kenyan mosquito (diptera: culicidae) species to transmit west nile virus under laboratory conditions. | west nile virus (wnv) is currently active in kenya as evidenced by the detection of antibodies in birds bled as part of an avian influenza surveillance program in 2009. although wnv has been isolated from several mosquito species in kenya, no studies have ever been conducted to determine which of these species are competent vectors of this virus. therefore, we allowed kenyan mosquitoes to feed on 2- or 3-d-old chickens that had been infected with a lineage one strain of wnv 24-48 h earlier. thes ... | 2011 | 22238879 |
| zika virus: a review from the virus basics to proposed management strategies. | this review aims to summarize the body of knowledge available on zika virus to date. a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on zika virus was performed with the aim to stress relevant aspects for healthcare professionals in the non-endemic areas. for several years, the zika virus infection was considered an extremely rare exotic disease with poor clinical relevance. however, zika virus has recently gained the attention of the scientific community and public opinion since the virus s ... | 2016 | 27872736 |
| transmission potential of rickettsia felis infection by anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | a growing number of recent reports have implicated rickettsia felis as a human pathogen, paralleling the increasing detection of r. felis in arthropod hosts across the globe, primarily in fleas. here anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, the primary malarial vectors in sub-saharan africa, were fed with either blood meal infected with r. felis or infected cellular media administered in membrane feeding systems. in addition, a group of mosquitoes was fed on r. felis-infected balb/c mice. the acquisition a ... | 2015 | 26056256 |
| mosquito communities and disease risk influenced by land use change and seasonality in the australian tropics. | anthropogenic land use changes have contributed considerably to the rise of emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. these diseases appear to be increasing as a result of the novel juxtapositions of habitats and species that can result in new interchanges of vectors, diseases and hosts. we studied whether the mosquito community structure varied between habitats and seasons and whether known disease vectors displayed habitat preferences in tropical australia. | 2016 | 27388293 |
| global emergence of alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. these infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. it is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. presently, there is a great interest in the emergence ... | 2015 | 26689654 |
| development and field evaluation of the sentinel mosquito arbovirus capture kit (smack). | although sentinel animals are used successfully throughout the world to monitor arbovirus activity, ethical considerations and cross-reactions in serological assays highlight the importance of developing viable alternatives. here we outline the development of a passive sentinel mosquito arbovirus capture kit (smack) that allows for the detection of arboviruses on honey-baited nucleic acid preservation cards (flinders technology associates; fta®) and has a similar trap efficacy as standard light ... | 2015 | 26444264 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| multi-gene detection and identification of mosquito-borne rna viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | arthropod-borne viruses are important emerging pathogens world-wide. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses, infect hundreds of millions of people and animals each year. global surveillance of these viruses in mosquito vectors using molecular based assays is critical for prevention and control of the associated diseases. here, we report an oligonucleotide dna microarray design, termed arbochip5.1, for multi-gene detection and identifica ... | 2013 | 23967358 |
| viral metagenomics demonstrates that domestic pigs are a potential reservoir for ndumu virus. | the rising demand for pork has resulted in a massive expansion of pig production in uganda. this has resulted in increased contact between humans and pigs. pigs can act as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. therefore identification of potential zoonotic pathogens is important for public health surveillance. in this study, during a routine general surveillance for african swine fever, domestic pigs from uganda were screened for the presence of rna and dna viruses using a high-throughput ... | 2012 | 23006778 |
| mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance at selected sites in diverse ecological zones of kenya; 2007 - 2012. | increased frequency of arbovirus outbreaks in east africa necessitated the determination of distribution of risk by entomologic arbovirus surveillance. a systematic vector surveillance programme spanning 5 years and covering 11 sites representing seven of the eight provinces in kenya and located in diverse ecological zones was carried out. | 2013 | 23663381 |
| evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals. | highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ... | 2012 | 23249687 |
| scoping review of the zika virus literature. | the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ... | 2016 | 27244249 |
| zika virus: the latest newcomer. | since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ... | 2016 | 27148186 |
| detection of japanese encephalitis virus genotype v in culex orientalis and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) causes significant viral encephalitis and is distributed throughout the asian countries. the virus is known to be transmitted by culex tritaeniorhynchus, which mainly breeds in rice paddies in korea. in this study, we investigated the presence of other mosquito species that can transmit jev as a second or regional vector. we selected five cities where patients have experienced je in the last 5 years as mosquito-collecting locations and subdivided them into four ... | 2015 | 25658839 |
| zika virus emergence in mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, 2011. | zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. spillover into humans has been documented in both regions and the virus is currently responsible for a large outbreak in french polynesia. zikv amplifications are frequent in southeastern senegal but little is known about their seasonal and spatial dynamics. the aim of this paper is to describe the spatio-temporal pa ... | 2014 | 25310102 |
| molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in taiwan during 2005-2012. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the japanese encephalitis virus (jev). pigs and water birds are the main amplifying and maintenance hosts of the virus. in this study, we conducted a jev survey in mosquitoes captured in pig farms and water bird wetland habitats in taiwan during 2005 to 2012. a total of 102,633 mosquitoes were collected. culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species found in the pig farms and wetlands. among the 26 mosquito ... | 2014 | 25275652 |
| an impossible journey? the development of plasmodium falciparum nf54 in culex quinquefasciatus. | although anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors for human plasmodium spp., there are also other mosquito species-among them culicines (culex spp., aedes spp.)-present in malaria-endemic areas. culicine mosquitoes transmit arboviruses and filarial worms to humans and are vectors for avian plasmodium spp., but have never been observed to transmit human plasmodium spp. when ingested by a culicine mosquito, parasites could either face an environment that does not allow development due to biologic inco ... | 2013 | 23658824 |
| entomo-virological study of a suspected japanese encephalitis outbreak in muzaffarpur district, bihar, india. | | 0 | 23760390 |
| seasonal abundance and potential of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, thailand. | to investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds. | 0 | 23620839 |
| molecular detection and genotyping of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the republic of korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. to reduce the impact of japanese encephalitis among children in the republic of korea (rok), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the rok during the period of 1984-2009. however, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of j ... | 2013 | 23390520 |
| recurrence of japanese encephalitis epidemic in wuhan, china, 2009-2010. | japanese encephalitis (je) was once epidemic in most areas of china, including wuhan, a city located in the central part of china. the incidence of je dramatically decreased due to nationwide immunization with the live attenuated je virus (jev) vaccine, and no je cases were reported during 2005-2008 in wuhan. in 2009 and 2010, 31 je cases reoccurred in this area. in this study, we investigated the causes of je recurrence. | 2013 | 23326348 |
| susceptibility of eight species members in the anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi. | filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is a public health problem in thailand. currently, at least two locations in southern thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. two and four mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. although several anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of b. malayi, little is ... | 2013 | 23289957 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during an outbreak in china, 2013. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) can cause serious encephalitis and culex mosquitoes are the primary vector. in 2013, a je outbreak occurred in shandong province, china with 407 confirmed cases, including 11 deaths. an investigation on jev in mosquitoes during the outbreak was conducted. a total of 14,719 mosquitoes were collected at 3 sites. for the 12,695 culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, 88/201 pooled samples were positive by rt-pcr for the presence of the pre-membrane or envelope protein ... | 2014 | 24809635 |
| genetic characterization of zika virus strains: geographic expansion of the asian lineage. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed throughout much of africa and asia. infection with the virus may cause acute febrile illness that clinically resembles dengue fever. a recent study indicated the existence of three geographically distinct viral lineages; however this analysis utilized only a single viral gene. although zikv has been known to circulate in both africa and asia since at least the 1950s, little is known about the genetic relationships between geographicall ... | 2012 | 22389730 |
| biology of culex sitiens, a predominant mosquito in phang nga, thailand after a tsunami. | a tsunami affected area in phang nga province, thailand was explored randomly as some freshwater sites had changed into brackish-water sites. a survey of four areas found culex sitiens to be the most dominant mosquito species.this mosquito prefers to breed in putrefied water with garbage and it was found in almost every stagnant, brackish-water site in full sunlight. the larval density was more than 300 larvae/dip/250 ml water. its biting cycle, determined by human landing catch, was nocturnal, ... | 0 | 22950682 |
| mosquito biting activity on humans & detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles stephensi in goa, india. | knowledge of the bionomics of mosquitoes, especially of disease vectors, is essential to plan appropriate vector avoidance and control strategies. information on biting activity of vectors during the night hours in different seasons is important for choosing personal protection measures. this study was carried out to find out the composition of mosquito fauna biting on humans and seasonal biting trends in goa, india. | 0 | 22382193 |
| detection of west nile virus in six mosquito species in synchrony with seroconversion among sentinel chickens in india. | west nile virus (wnv) is a zoonotic flavivirus maintained in mosquito-bird transmission cycle. although humans are accidental hosts, fatal outcomes following wnv infection have been reported from india. studies have identified wnv as an important etiological agent causing acute encephalitis syndrome in assam, northeast india. while circulation of wnv is evident, the role of vectors and avian hosts involved in the transmission remains unclear. in this study we identified local mosquito species fo ... | 2017 | 28061903 |
| ecological niche modelling of rift valley fever virus vectors in baringo, kenya. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that has an impact on human health and animal productivity. here, we explore the use of vector presence modelling to predict the distribution of rvf vector species under climate change scenario to demonstrate the potential for geographic spread of rift valley fever virus (rvfv). | 2016 | 27863533 |
| background review for diagnostic test development for zika virus infection. | to review the state of knowledge about diagnostic testing for zika virus infection and identify areas of research needed to address the current gaps in knowledge. | 0 | 27516635 |
| assessment of angelica sinensis (oliv.) diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern thailand. | angelica sinensis (oliv.) hexane extract (ahe) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. with the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform ahe-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under l ... | 2016 | 27357395 |
| review of west nile virus circulation and outbreak risk in madagascar: entomological and ornithological perspectives. | west nile fever (wnf) is a zoonotic disease, occurring nearly globally. in madagascar, west nile virus (wnv) was first detected in 1978 from wild birds and the virus is currently distributed across the island, but no epidemic or epizootic period has been recorded. one fatal human case of wnv infection was reported in 2011, suggesting a "tip of the iceberg" phenomenon of a possible wnf epidemic/epizootic on the island. the main objective of this literature-based survey is to review patterns of wn ... | 2016 | 27849515 |
| west nile virus transmission in sentinel chickens and potential mosquito vectors, senegal river delta, 2008-2009. | west nile virus (wnv) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus usually transmitted to wild birds by culex mosquitoes. humans and horses are susceptible to wnv but are dead-end hosts. wnv is endemic in senegal, particularly in the senegal river delta. to assess transmission patterns and potential vectors, entomological and sentinel serological was done in ross bethio along the river senegal. three sentinel henhouses (also used as chicken-baited traps) were set at 100 m, 800 m, and 1,300 m from the river, ... | 2013 | 24084679 |
| ubiquitous water-soluble molecules in aquatic plant exudates determine specific insect attraction. | plants produce semio-chemicals that directly influence insect attraction and/or repulsion. generally, this attraction is closely associated with herbivory and has been studied mainly under atmospheric conditions. on the other hand, the relationship between aquatic plants and insects has been little studied. to determine whether the roots of aquatic macrophytes release attractive chemical mixtures into the water, we studied the behaviour of mosquito larvae using olfactory experiments with root ex ... | 2008 | 18841203 |
| vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes vittatus (diptera: culicidae) from senegal and cape verde archipelago for west african lineages of chikungunya virus. | to assess the risk of emergence of chikungunya virus (chikv) in west africa, vector competence of wild-type, urban, and non-urban aedes aegypti and ae. vittatus from senegal and cape verde for chikv was investigated. mosquitoes were fed orally with chikv isolates from mosquitoes (ard30237), bats (cs13-288), and humans (hd180738). after 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation following an infectious blood meal, presence of chikv rna was determined in bodies, legs/wings, and saliva using real-time revers ... | 2014 | 25002293 |
| high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar. | west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ... | 2016 | 26807720 |
| a new orbivirus isolated from mosquitoes in north-western australia shows antigenic and genetic similarity to corriparta virus but does not replicate in vertebrate cells. | the discovery and characterisation of new mosquito-borne viruses provides valuable information on the biodiversity of vector-borne viruses and important insights into their evolution. in this study, a broad-spectrum virus screening system, based on the detection of long double-stranded rna in inoculated cell cultures, was used to investigate the presence of novel viruses in mosquito populations of northern australia. we detected and isolated a new virus (tentatively named parry's lagoon virus, p ... | 2016 | 27213426 |
| zika virus in gabon (central africa)--2007: a new threat from aedes albopictus? | chikungunya and dengue viruses emerged in gabon in 2007, with large outbreaks primarily affecting the capital libreville and several northern towns. both viruses subsequently spread to the south-east of the country, with new outbreaks occurring in 2010. the mosquito species aedes albopictus, that was known as a secondary vector for both viruses, recently invaded the country and was the primary vector involved in the gabonese outbreaks. we conducted a retrospective study of human sera and mosquit ... | 2014 | 24516683 |
| entomological profile of yellow fever epidemics in the central african republic, 2006-2010. | the causative agent of yellow fever is an arbovirus of the flaviviridae family transmitted by infected aedes mosquitoes, particularly in africa. in the central african republic since 2006, cases have been notified in the provinces of ombella-mpoko, ouham-pende, basse-kotto, haute-kotto and in bangui the capital. as the presence of a vector of yellow fever virus (yfv) represents a risk for spread of the disease, we undertook entomological investigations at these sites to identify potential vector ... | 2012 | 22897918 |
| assessing the presence of wuchereria bancrofti in vector and human populations from urban communities in conakry, guinea. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis was launched in 2000 with the goal of interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) through multiple rounds of mass drug administration (mda). in guinea, there is evidence of ongoing lf transmission, but little is known about the most densely populated parts of the country, including the capital conakry. in order to guide the lf control and elimination efforts, serological and entomological surveys were carried out to determine whet ... | 2015 | 26410739 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight mass spectrometry: an emerging tool for the rapid identification of mosquito vectors. | the identification of mosquito vectors is typically based on morphological characteristics using morphological keys of determination, which requires entomological expertise and training. the use of protein profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms), which is increasingly being used for the routine identification of bacteria, has recently emerged for arthropod identification. | 2013 | 23977292 |
| landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern senegal. | the risk of human infection with sylvatic chikungunya (chikv) virus was assessed in a focus of sylvatic arbovirus circulation in senegal by investigating distribution and abundance of anthropophilic aedes mosquitoes, as well as the abundance and distribution of chikv in these mosquitoes. a 1650 km(2) area was classified into five land cover classes: forest, barren, savanna, agriculture and village. a total of 39,799 mosquitoes was sampled from all classes using human landing collections between ... | 2012 | 22720097 |
| blood meal analysis and virus detection in blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006-2007 rift valley fever outbreak in kenya. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a zoonosis of domestic ruminants in africa. blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006-2007 rvf outbreak in kenya were analyzed to determine the virus infection status and animal source of the blood meals. | 0 | 25229704 |
| genetic characterization of spondweni and zika viruses and susceptibility of geographically distinct strains of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) to spondweni virus. | zika virus (zikv) has extended its known geographic distribution to the new world and is now responsible for severe clinical complications in a subset of patients. while substantial genetic and vector susceptibility data exist for zikv, less is known for the closest related flavivirus, spondweni virus (sponv). both zikv and sponv have been known to circulate in africa since the mid-1900s, but neither has been genetically characterized by gene and compared in parallel. furthermore, the susceptibi ... | 2016 | 27783682 |
| quantitative real-time pcr detection of zika virus and evaluation with field-caught mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in asia and africa. zikv infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of igm and igg antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. therefore, real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) is an appealing option as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for dete ... | 2013 | 24148652 |
| an ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of zika virus. | the current outbreak of zika virus poses a severe threat to human health. while the range of the virus has been cataloged growing slowly over the last 50 years, the recent explosive expansion in the americas indicates that the full potential distribution of zika remains uncertain. moreover, many studies rely on its similarity to dengue fever, a phylogenetically closely related disease of unknown ecological comparability. here we compile a comprehensive spatially-explicit occurrence dataset from ... | 2016 | 27564232 |
| spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1st international symposium on geospatial health in lijiang, china, 2007. | the 1st international symposium on geospatial health was convened in lijiang, yunnan province, people's republic of china from 8 to 9 september, 2007. the objective was to review progress made with the application of spatial techniques on zoonotic parasitic diseases, particularly in southeast asia. the symposium featured 71 presentations covering soil-transmitted and water-borne helminth infections, as well as arthropod-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria and lymphatic filariasis. the ... | 2009 | 19193214 |
| mosquito species composition and plasmodium vivax infection rates for korean army bases near the demilitarized zone in the republic of korea, 2011. | vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in northern republic of korea (rok). mosquito collections were performed at two rok army installations, paju near the demilitarized zone (dmz) using black light traps in 2011. the dmz, a 4 km wide border, is the northernmost point of the rok and separates the rok from the democratic people's republic of korea (dprk). anopheles spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for plasmodium vivax sporozoites. of 4,35 ... | 2012 | 23243112 |
| salivary gland proteome during adult development and after blood feeding of female anopheles dissidens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | understanding changes in mosquito salivary proteins during the time that sporozoite maturation occurs and after blood feeding may give information regarding the roles of salivary proteins during the malarial transmission. anopheles dissidens (formerly anopheles barbirostris species a1) is a potential vector of plasmodium vivax in thailand. in this study, analyses of the proteomic profiles of female an. dissidens salivary glands during adult development and after blood feeding were carried out us ... | 2016 | 27669021 |
| modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system. | efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying. although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. in this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to ... | 2015 | 26104719 |
| rift valley fever vector diversity and impact of meteorological and environmental factors on culex pipiens dynamics in the okavango delta, botswana. | in northern botswana, rural communities, livestock, wildlife and large numbers of mosquitoes cohabitate around permanent waters of the okavango delta. as in other regions of sub-saharan africa, rift valley fever (rvf) virus is known to circulate in that area among wild and domestic animals. however, the diversity and composition of potential rvf mosquito vectors in that area are unknown as well as the climatic and ecological drivers susceptible to affect their population dynamics. | 2016 | 27502246 |
| human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. | dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (dirofilaria immitis and d. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. at the same time, both d. immitis and d. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hos ... | 0 | 22763636 |
| identification of salivary gland proteins depleted after blood feeding in the malaria vector anopheles campestris-like mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | malaria sporozoites must invade the salivary glands of mosquitoes for maturation before transmission to vertebrate hosts. the duration of the sporogonic cycle within the mosquitoes ranges from 10 to 21 days depending on the parasite species and temperature. during blood feeding salivary gland proteins are injected into the vertebrate host, along with malaria sporozoites in the case of an infected mosquito. to identify salivary gland proteins depleted after blood feeding of female anopheles campe ... | 2014 | 24599352 |
| maldi-tof ms as an innovative tool for detection of plasmodium parasites in anopheles mosquitoes. | malaria is still a major public health issue worldwide, and one of the best approaches to fight the disease remains vector control. the current methods for mosquito identification include morphological methods that are generally time-consuming and require expertise, and molecular methods that require laboratory facilities with relatively expensive running costs. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) technology, routinely used for bacterial id ... | 2017 | 28049524 |
| detection of rickettsia spp in ticks by maldi-tof ms. | matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of arthropods, including tick vectors of human diseases. | 2015 | 25659152 |
| mosquito-parasite interactions can shape filariasis transmission dynamics and impact elimination programs. | the relationship between mosquito vectors and lymphatic filariasis (lf) parasites can result in a range of transmission outcomes. anophelines are generally characterized as poor vectors due to an inability to support development at low densities. however, it is important to understand the potential for transmission in natural vectors to maximize the success of elimination efforts. primary vectors in papua new guinea (n = 1209) were dissected following exposure to microfilaremic blood (range 8-23 ... | 2013 | 24069488 |
| salivary glands proteins expression of anopheles dirus a fed on plasmodium vivax- and plasmodium falciparum-infected human blood. | mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by the salivary glands which created a protein that works against the haemostasis process. this study aims to investigate the salivary glands proteins expression of 50 adult female an. dirus a mosquitoes, a main vector of malaria in thailand, each group with an age of 5 days which were artificial membrane fed on sugar, normal blood, blood infected with p. vivax, and blood infected with p. falciparum. then mosquito salivary gland proteins were analyze ... | 2013 | 23956841 |
| recent outbreaks of rift valley fever in east africa and the middle east. | rift valley fever (rvf) is an important neglected, emerging, mosquito-borne disease with severe negative impact on human and animal health. mosquitoes in the aedes genus have been considered as the reservoir, as well as vectors, since their transovarially infected eggs withstand desiccation and larvae hatch when in contact with water. however, different mosquito species serve as epizootic/epidemic vectors of rvf, creating a complex epidemiologic pattern in east africa. the recent rvf outbreaks i ... | 2014 | 25340047 |
| identification of wolbachia strains in mosquito disease vectors. | wolbachia bacteria are common endosymbionts of insects, and some strains are known to protect their hosts against rna viruses and other parasites. this has led to the suggestion that releasing wolbachia-infected mosquitoes could prevent the transmission of arboviruses and other human parasites. we have identified wolbachia in kenyan populations of the yellow fever vector aedes bromeliae and its relative aedes metallicus, and in mansonia uniformis and mansonia africana, which are vectors of lymph ... | 2012 | 23185484 |
| application of broad-spectrum resequencing microarray for genotyping rhabdoviruses. | the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is critical in the control of infectious disease. to this end, we analyzed the capacity for viral detection and identification of a newly described high-density resequencing microarray (rma), termed pathogenid, which was designed for multiple pathogen detection using database similarity searching. we focused on one of the largest and most diverse viral families described to date, the family rhabdoviridae. we demonstrate that this approach has th ... | 2010 | 20610710 |
| field evaluation of natural human odours and the biogent-synthetic lure in trapping aedes aegypti, vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses in kenya. | methods currently used in sampling adult aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses are limited for effective surveillance of the vector and accurate determination of the extent of virus transmission during outbreaks and inter - epidemic periods. here, we document the use of natural human skin odours in baited traps to improve sampling of adult ae. aegypti in two different endemic areas of chikungunya and dengue in kenya - kilifi and busia counties. the chemistry of the vol ... | 2014 | 25246030 |
| micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl shows high insecticidal efficacy and long residual activity against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in central côte d'ivoire. | the wide-scale implementation of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying (irs) has contributed to a considerable decrease of malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa over the last decade. due to increasing resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes to dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (ddt) and pyrethroids, alternative insecticide formulations for irs with long-lasting residual activity are required to sustain the gains obtained in most malaria-endemic countr ... | 2014 | 25152326 |
| epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever. | bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of africa, the middle east, asia and australia. although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, p ... | 2015 | 26511615 |
| koolpinyah and yata viruses: two newly recognised ephemeroviruses from tropical regions of australia and africa. | koolpinyah virus (koolv) isolated from healthy australian cattle and yata virus (yatv) isolated from a pool of mansonia uniformis mosquitoes in the central african republic have been tentatively identified as rhabdoviruses. koolv was shown previously to be related antigenically to kotonkon virus, an ephemerovirus that has caused an ephemeral fever-like illness in cattle in nigeria, but yatv failed to react antigenically with any other virus tested. here we report the complete genome sequences of ... | 2014 | 25457369 |
| rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis. | rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ... | 2016 | 27340613 |
| common epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria, africa. | this study aimed to compare the epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria in france, north africa, and sub-saharan africa and to identify a common vector. blood specimens from 3,122 febrile patients and from 500 nonfebrile persons were analyzed for r. felis and plasmodium spp. we observed a significant linear trend (p<0.0001) of increasing risk for r. felis infection. the risks were lowest in france, tunisia, and algeria (1%), and highest in rural senegal (15%). co-infections with r ... | 0 | 24188709 |
| comparison of methods for xenomonitoring in vectors of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern tanzania. | monitoring wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes (xenomonitoring) can play an important role in determining when lymphatic filariasis has been eliminated, or in focusing control efforts. as mosquito infection rates can be low, a method for collecting large numbers of mosquitoes is necessary. gravid traps collected large numbers of culex quinquefasciatus in tanzania, and a collection method that targets mosquitoes that have already fed could result in increased sensitivity in detecting w. ... | 2015 | 26350454 |
| sampling host-seeking anthropophilic mosquito vectors in west africa: comparisons of an active human-baited tent-trap against gold standard methods. | in this study, we characterize the ability of the previously described infoscitex tent (ist) to capture mosquitoes in comparison to either the centers for disease control light trap hung next to individuals under a bed net (ltc) or to human landing catches (hlc). in senegal, the ist caught 6.14 times the number of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), and 8.78 times the culex group v mosquitoes as ltc. in one of two locations in burkina faso, the ist caught an. gambiae at a rate not significantly ... | 2014 | 25422393 |
| towards a better understanding of rift valley fever epidemiology in the south-west of the indian ocean. | rift valley fever virus (phlebovirus, bunyaviridae) is an arbovirus causing intermittent epizootics and sporadic epidemics primarily in east africa. infection causes severe and often fatal illness in young sheep, goats and cattle. domestic animals and humans can be contaminated by close contact with infectious tissues or through mosquito infectious bites. rift valley fever virus was historically restricted to sub-saharan countries. the probability of rift valley fever emerging in virgin areas is ... | 2013 | 24016237 |
| mosquitocidal effect of glycosmis pentaphylla leaf extracts against three mosquito species (diptera: culicidae). | the resistance status of malaria vectors to different classes of insecticides used for public health has raised concern for vector control programmes. alternative compounds to supplement the existing tools are important to be searched to overcome the existing resistance and persistence of pesticides in vectors and the environment respectively. the mosquitocidal effects of glycosmis pentaphylla using different solvents of acetone, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts against three medi ... | 2016 | 27391146 |
| a systematic review of mosquito coils and passive emanators: defining recommendations for spatial repellency testing methodologies. | mosquito coils, vaporizer mats and emanators confer protection against mosquito bites through the spatial action of emanated vapor or airborne pyrethroid particles. these products dominate the pest control market; therefore, it is vital to characterize mosquito responses elicited by the chemical actives and their potential for disease prevention. the aim of this review was to determine effects of mosquito coils and emanators on mosquito responses that reduce human-vector contact and to propose s ... | 2012 | 23216844 |
| a case report on oral subcutaneous dirofilariasis. | dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection affecting human. the natural hosts for this nematode are animals such as dogs, cats, foxes, jackals, and raccoons. this disease is endemic in south eastern united states, australia, europe, and central and southern asia. dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are the common mosquito borne filarial nematodes that cause infection. several species of mosquitos including mansonia uniformis, m. annulifera, and aedes aegypti are the potential vecto ... | 2015 | 26858848 |
| rickettsia in mosquitoes, yangzhou, china. | | 2016 | 27729642 |
| a crossover study to evaluate the diversion of malaria vectors in a community with incomplete coverage of spatial repellents in the kilombero valley, tanzania. | malaria elimination is unlikely to occur if vector control efforts focus entirely on transmission occurring indoors without addressing vectors that bite outdoors and outside sleeping hours. additional control tools such as spatial repellents may provide the personal protection required to fill this gap. however, since repellents do not kill mosquitoes it is unclear if vectors will be diverted from households that use spatial repellents to those that do not. | 2016 | 27527601 |
| rapid and high throughput molecular identification of diverse mosquito species by high resolution melting analysis. | mosquitoes are a diverse group of invertebrates, with members that are among the most important vectors of diseases. the correct identification of mosquitoes is paramount to the control of the diseases that they transmit. however, morphological techniques depend on the quality of the specimen and often unavailable taxonomic expertise, which may still not be able to distinguish mosquitoes among species complexes (sibling and cryptic species). high resolution melting (hrm) analyses, a closed-tube, ... | 2016 | 27703667 |
| modelling hotspots of the two dominant rift valley fever vectors (aedes vexans and culex poicilipes) in barkédji, sénégal. | climatic and environmental variables were used successfully by using models to predict rift valley fever (rvf) virus outbreaks in east africa. however, these models are not replicable in the west african context due to a likely difference of the dynamic of the virus emergence. for these reasons specific models mainly oriented to the risk mapping have been developed. hence, the areas of high vector pressure or virus activity are commonly predicted. however, the factors impacting their occurrence ... | 2016 | 26922792 |
| statistical modeling of the abundance of vectors of west african rift valley fever in barkédji, senegal. | rift valley fever is an emerging mosquito-borne disease that represents a threat to human and animal health. the exophilic and exophagic behavior of the two main vector in west africa (aedes vexans and culex poicilipes), adverse events post-vaccination, and lack of treatment, render ineffective the disease control. therefore it is essential to develop an information system that facilitates decision-making and the implementation of adaptation strategies. in east africa, rvf outbreaks are linked w ... | 2014 | 25437856 |
| use of a semi-field system to evaluate the efficacy of topical repellents under user conditions provides a disease exposure free technique comparable with field data. | before topical repellents can be employed as interventions against arthropod bites, their efficacy must be established. currently, laboratory or field tests, using human volunteers, are the main methods used for assessing the efficacy of topical repellents. however, laboratory tests are not representative of real life conditions under which repellents are used and field-testing potentially exposes human volunteers to disease. there is, therefore, a need to develop methods to test efficacy of rep ... | 2014 | 24767458 |
| rift valley fever outbreak, southern mauritania, 2012. | after a period of heavy rainfall, an outbreak of rift valley fever occurred in southern mauritania during september-november 2012. a total of 41 human cases were confirmed, including 13 deaths, and 12 rift valley fever virus strains were isolated. moudjeria and temchecket departments were the most affected areas. | 0 | 24447334 |
| entomological and parasitological impacts of indoor residual spraying with ddt, alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in the western foothill area of madagascar. | in madagascar, indoor residual spraying (irs) with insecticide was part of the national malaria control programme since the middle of the twentieth century. it was mainly employed in the highlands and the foothill areas, which are prone to malaria epidemics. prior to a policy change foreseeing a shift from ddt to pyrethroids, a study was carried out to assess the entomological and parasitological impacts of irs in areas with ddt or pyrethroids and in areas without irs. | 2014 | 24423246 |
| do topical repellents divert mosquitoes within a community? health equity implications of topical repellents as a mosquito bite prevention tool. | repellents do not kill mosquitoes--they simply reduce human-vector contact. thus it is possible that individuals who do not use repellents but dwell close to repellent users experience more bites than otherwise. the objective of this study was to measure if diversion occurs from households that use repellents to those that do not use repellents. | 2013 | 24376852 |
| socio-economic impact of rift valley fever to pastoralists and agro pastoralists in arusha, manyara and morogoro regions in tanzania. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a viral notifiable zoonotic disease primarily of domestic ruminants that causes significant socio-economic impacts. using the 2006-07 outbreak cases, this study aimed to establish the socio-economic impact of rvf and assessing knowledge, attitude and practice of livestock keepers towards controlling rvf in selected areas of tanzania. data were collected in arusha, manyara and morogoro regions using questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with ke ... | 2013 | 24255846 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) survival after exposure to ivermectin. | ivermectin has been shown in in vitro studies to have insecticidal properties against aedes aegypti adults. this study aimed to assess these properties in vivo. aedes aegypti survival was not affected by acquiring a blood meal from humans both 5 hours and 24 hours after ingestion of a typical dose of ivermectin. | 0 | 23691626 |
| comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is anopheles arabiensis. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are commonly used together in the same households to improve malaria control despite inconsistent evidence on whether such combinations actually offer better protection than nets alone or irs alone. | 2013 | 23433393 |
| common host-derived chemicals increase catches of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and can improve early warning systems for rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever (rvf), a mosquito-borne zoonosis, is a major public health and veterinary problem in sub-saharan africa. surveillance to monitor mosquito populations during the inter-epidemic period (iep) and viral activity in these vectors is critical to informing public health decisions for early warning and control of the disease. using a combination of field bioassays, electrophysiological and chemical analyses we demonstrated that skin-derived aldehydes (heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decana ... | 2013 | 23326620 |
| loss of household protection from use of insecticide-treated nets against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, benin. | pyrethroid resistance is becoming widespread in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, coinciding with expanded use of insecticide-treated nets (itns) throughout africa. to investigate whether nets in use are still protective, we conducted household trials in northern and southern benin, where an. gambiae mosquitoes are susceptible and resistant, respectively, to pyrethroids. rooms were fitted with window traps and monitored for mosquito biting and survival rates before and after the nets were treated wi ... | 0 | 22709930 |
| trapping of rift valley fever (rvf) vectors using light emitting diode (led) cdc traps in two arboviral disease hot spots in kenya. | mosquitoes' response to artificial lights including color has been exploited in trap designs for improved sampling of mosquito vectors. earlier studies suggest that mosquitoes are attracted to specific wavelengths of light and thus the need to refine techniques to increase mosquito captures following the development of super-bright light-emitting diodes (leds) which emit narrow wavelengths of light or very specific colors. therefore, we investigated if leds can be effective substitutes for incan ... | 2012 | 22608087 |
| mansonia africana and mansonia uniformis are vectors in the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | recent data from ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (mda) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where anopheles melas, an. gambiae s.s., mansonia and culex species are the main biting mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are the known vectors in ghana and a recent report indicated that an. melas could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. however, because an. melas is not found everywhere there was the ... | 2012 | 22564488 |
| a modified experimental hut design for studying responses of disease-transmitting mosquitoes to indoor interventions: the ifakara experimental huts. | differences between individual human houses can confound results of studies aimed at evaluating indoor vector control interventions such as insecticide treated nets (itns) and indoor residual insecticide spraying (irs). specially designed and standardised experimental huts have historically provided a solution to this challenge, with an added advantage that they can be fitted with special interception traps to sample entering or exiting mosquitoes. however, many of these experimental hut designs ... | 2012 | 22347415 |
| unexpected rift valley fever outbreak, northern mauritania. | during september-october 2010, an unprecedented outbreak of rift valley fever was reported in the northern sahelian region of mauritania after exceptionally heavy rainfall. camels probably played a central role in the local amplification of the virus. we describe the main clinical signs (hemorrhagic fever, icterus, and nervous symptoms) observed during the outbreak. | 0 | 22000364 |
| malakal virus from africa and kimberley virus from australia are geographic variants of a widely distributed ephemerovirus. | kimberley virus (kimv) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that was isolated in 1973 and on several subsequent occasions from healthy cattle, mosquitoes (culex annulirostris) and biting midges (culicoides brevitarsis) in australia. malakal virus (malv) is an antigenically related rhabdovirus isolated in 1963 from mosquitoes (mansonia uniformis) in sudan. we report here the complete genome sequences of kimv (15442 nt) and malv (15444 nt). the genomes have a similar organisation (3'-l-n-p-m-g-g(ns)- ... | 2012 | 22925335 |
| transmission intensity and malaria vector population structure in magugu, babati district in northern tanzania. | a 1-year longitudinal study was conducted in magugu in babati district, northern tanzania to determine malaria vector population structure and malaria transmission indices. mosquitoes were sampled using the centre for disease control (cdc) light traps. a total of 110,357 adult female mosquitoes were collected. anopheles gambiae s.1. accounted 25% of the total female mosquito collected. relatively fewer an. funestus were collected. other mosquito species collected were an. pharoensis, an. coustan ... | 2011 | 24409648 |
| detection and identification of rift valley fever virus in mosquito vectors by quantitative real-time pcr. | diagnostic methods allowing for rapid identification of pathogens are crucial for controlling and preventing dissemination after disease outbreaks as well as for use in surveillance programs. for arboviruses, detection of the presence of virus in their arthropod hosts is important for monitoring of viral activity and quantitative information is useful for modeling of transmission dynamics. in this study, molecular detection of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in mosquito samples from the 2006 to 2 ... | 2012 | 22841800 |
| efficacy of residual insecticide biflex aquamax applied as barrier treatments for managing mosquito populations in suburban residential properties in southeast queensland. | the pyrethroid insecticide biflex aquamax (bifenthrin) was evaluated for its ability to suppress coastal mosquito populations in a controlled suburban backyard study in mango hill, queensland, australia. the insecticide was applied to perimeter vegetation, fencing in selected backyards, or both, and mosquito populations were monitored weekly from 3 wk before to 8 wk after treatment (11 wk total) by using cdc miniature light traps and human bait landing rates. in addition, bioassays were conducte ... | 2012 | 23025182 |
| species composition and habitat characterization of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) larvae in semi-urban areas of dhaka, bangladesh. | mosquito larvae are purely aquatic and develop in water bodies, the type of which is more or less specific to each species. therefore, a study was carried out to identify the habitat characters of different mosquito species along with their species composition in semi-urban area of dhaka in bangladesh during the month of may and june 2012. a total of 6088 mosquito larvae belonging to 12 species (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles vagus, cu ... | 2016 | 27241953 |
| spatial variability in the density, distribution and vectorial capacity of anopheline species in rufiji district, south-eastern tanzania. | malaria transmission varies from one area to another and there are also local difference in time and space. the objective of the study was to determine the local variability of entomological parameters namely, mosquito abundance, human biting rate (hbr), sporozoite rate for plasmodiumfalciparum and entomological inoculation rate (eir). the study was carried out in rufiji district south eastern tanzania from october 2001 and september 2004. adult mosquitoes were collected indoors by cdc light tra ... | 2011 | 26592056 |
| abundance, diversity, and distribution of mosquito vectors in selected ecological regions of kenya: public health implications. | the diversity of mosquito arbovirus vectors was investigated to define regional risk of arbovirus transmission in kenya. mosquitoes were sampled between april, 2007 and december, 2010 at thirteen sites across seven administrative provinces and ecological zones. cdc light traps were used to collect mosquitoes while human-landing collection was conducted in five of the sites to target day-feeding aedes (stegomyia) species. over 524,000 mosquitoes were collected and identified into 101 species, 30 ... | 2013 | 23701618 |
| distribution and phylogeny of wolbachia strains in wild mosquito populations in sri lanka. | wolbachia are a group of maternally inherited intracellular bacteria known to be widespread among arthropods. infections with wolbachia cause declines of host populations, and also induce host resistance to a wide range of pathogens. over the past few decades, researchers were curious to use wolbachia as a biological tool to control mosquito vectors. during the present study, assessment of the prevalence of wolbachia infections among wild mosquito populations in sri lanka where mosquito-borne di ... | 2017 | 28490339 |
| zika virus: an updated review of competent or naturally infected mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that recently caused outbreaks in the americas. over the past 60 years, this virus has been observed circulating among african, asian, and pacific island populations, but little attention has been paid by the scientific community until the discovery that large-scale urban zikv outbreaks were associated with neurological complications such as microcephaly and several other neurological malformations in fetuses and newborns. this paper is a ... | 2017 | 29145400 |
| molecular characterization of novel mosquito-borne rickettsia spp. from mosquitoes collected at the demilitarized zone of the republic of korea. | rickettsiae are associated with a diverse range of invertebrate hosts. of these, mosquitoes could emerge as one of the most important vectors because of their ability to transmit significant numbers of pathogens and parasites throughout the world. recent studies have implicated anopheles gambiae as a potential vector of rickettsia felis. herein we report that a metagenome sequencing study identified rickettsial sequence reads in culicine mosquitoes from the republic of korea. the detected ricket ... | 2017 | 29155880 |