| molecular characterisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of canine parvovirus strains in vaccines in india. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) is one of the most important viruses that causes haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis of dogs worldwide. the picture has been complicated further due to the emergence of new mutants of cpv, namely: cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c. in this study, the molecular characterisation of strains present in the cpv vaccines available on the indian market was performed using polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing. the vp1/vp2 genes of two vaccine strains and a field stra ... | 2010 | 20391369 |
| immunodeficiencies caused by infectious diseases. | immunodeficiencies caused by infectious agents may result from disruption of normal host barriers or dysregulation of cellular immunity, the latter serving to promote survival of the infectious agent through immune evasion. such infections may be followed by opportunistic infections with a variety of other microorganisms. classic infectious causes of immunodeficiency in companion animals are the immunodeficiency retroviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. oth ... | 2010 | 20471525 |
| detection and genotyping of canine coronavirus rna in diarrheic dogs in japan. | to clarify the prevalence of canine coronavirus (ccov) infection in japan, faecal samples from 109 dogs with diarrhoea were examined for ccov rna together with canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) dna. the detection rates of ccov and cpv-2 for dogs aged less than 1 year were 66.3% and 43.8%, while those for dogs aged 1 year or older were 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, which were significantly different (p<0.0001 and p=0.0003, respectively), indicating not cpv-2 but ccov is an important diarrhoea-caus ... | 2011 | 20557915 |
| Role of multiple hosts in the cross-species transmission and emergence of a pandemic parvovirus. | Understanding the mechanisms of cross-species virus transmission is critical to anticipating emerging infectious diseases. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged as a variant of a feline parvovirus when it acquired mutations that allowed binding to the canine transferrin receptor type 1 (TfR). However, CPV-2 was soon replaced by a variant virus (CPV-2a) that differed in antigenicity and receptor binding. Here we show that the emergence of CPV involved an additional host range variant virus tha ... | 2012 | 22072763 |
| recent spreading of a divergent canine parvovirus type 2a (cpv-2a) strain in a cpv-2c homogenous population. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), which causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, is comprised of three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed worldwide with different frequencies. variant prevalence was analyzed in 150 cpv-2-positive samples collected from the uruguayan dog population in 2007-2010. samples were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of the coding region for the largest and most variable loop of the v ... | 2011 | 22014372 |
| study of canine parvovirus evolution: comparative analysis of full-length vp2 gene sequences from argentina and international field strains. | the continuous emergence of new strains of canine parvovirus (cpv), poorly protected by current vaccination, is a concern among breeders, veterinarians, and dog owners around the world. therefore, the understanding of the genetic variation in emerging cpv strains is crucial for the design of disease control strategies, including vaccines. in this paper, we obtained the sequences of the full-length gene encoding for the main capsid protein (vp2) of 11 canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) argentine re ... | 2011 | 21858463 |
| canine parvovirus-a review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) emerged in late 1970s causing severe epizootics in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. soon after its emergence, cpv-2 underwent genetic evolution giving rise consecutively to two antigenic variants, cpv-2a and cpv-2b that replaced progressively the original type. in 2000, a new antigenic variant, cpv-2c, was detected in italy and rapidly spread to several countries. in comparison to the original type cpv-2, the antigenic variants display increased pathogenicity ... | 2011 | 21962408 |
| antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type-1 in adult household dogs. | serum antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type-1 (cav-1) were investigated in 1031 healthy adult household dogs (2 to 18 years old) given an annual inoculation in the previous 11 to 13 months. the number of dogs retaining significant titers of antibodies against cpv-2, cdv, and cav-1 were 888 (86%), 744 (72%), and 732 (71%), respectively. there were no differences between males and females in antibody titers against the 3 virus ... | 2011 | 22379198 |
| effects of body weight on antibody titers against canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type 1 in vaccinated domestic adult dogs. | the objective of this study was to determine whether post-vaccination antibody titers vary according to body weight in adult dogs. antibody titers against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cadv-1) were measured for 978 domestic adult dogs from 2 to 6 y of age. the dogs had been vaccinated approximately 12 mo earlier with a commercial combination vaccine. the dogs were divided into groups according to their weight. it was found that mean ... | 2012 | 23543958 |
| canine kobuviruses in diarrhoeic dogs in italy. | canine kobuviruses (cakvs) are newly recognized picornaviruses recently detected in dogs in the us. by molecular analysis of the whole genome, cakv that appeared genetically closest to the murine kobuvirus (mukv) and to the human aichi virus (aiv), may be classified in the kobuvirus genus as new genotype (cakv type 1) within the species aichivirus a. to date, there are no information on the epidemiology of these novel viruses in other continents. in this study, by screening a collection of 256 d ... | 2013 | 23806200 |
| patterns of exposure of iberian wolves (canis lupus) to canine viruses in human-dominated landscapes. | wildlife inhabiting human-dominated landscapes is at risk of pathogen spill-over from domestic species. with the aim of gaining knowledge in the dynamics of viral infections in iberian wolves (canis lupus) living in anthropized landscapes of northern spain, we analysed between 2010 and 2013 the samples of 54 wolves by serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for exposure to four pathogenic canine viruses: canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus-2 (cpv), canine adenovirus 1 and 2 (cav ... | 2016 | 26589403 |
| co-circulation of canine coronavirus i and iia/b with high prevalence and genetic diversity in heilongjiang province, northeast china. | to trace the evolution of canine coronavirus (ccov), 201 stool samples from diarrheic dogs in northeast china were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcrs) targeting the partial m and s genes of ccov, followed by an epidemiological analysis. m gene rt-pcrs showed that 28.36% (57/201) of the samples were positive for ccov; of the 57 positive samples, ccov-i and ccov-ii accounted for 15.79% (9/57) and 84.21% (48/57), respectively. a sequence comparison of the partial ... | 2016 | 26771312 |
| full-length genomic characterization and molecular evolution of canine parvovirus in china. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) can cause acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs and myocarditis in puppies. this disease has become one of the most serious infectious diseases of dogs. during 2014 in china, there were many cases of acute infectious diarrhoea in dogs. some faecal samples were negative for the cpv-2 antigen based on a colloidal gold test strip but were positive based on pcr, and a viral strain was isolated from one such sample. the cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and the re ... | 2016 | 27038801 |
| co-circulation of the rare cpv-2c with unique gln370arg substitution, new cpv-2b with unique thr440ala substitution, and new cpv-2a with high prevalence and variation in heilongjiang province, northeast china. | to trace evolution of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), a total of 201 stool samples were collected from dogs with diarrhea in heilongjiang province of northeast china from may 2014 to april 2015. the presence of cpv-2 in the samples was determined by pcr amplification of the vp2 gene (568 bp) of cpv-2. the results revealed that 95 samples (47.26%) were positive for cpv-2, and they showed 98.8%-100% nucleotide identity and 97.6%-100% amino acid identity. of 95 cpv-2-positive samples, types new2a (ser ... | 2015 | 26348721 |
| antiviral activity of a bacillus sp. p34 peptide against pathogenic viruses of domestic animals. | p34 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by a bacillus sp. strain isolated from the intestinal contents of a fish in the brazilian amazon basin with reported antibacterial activity. the aim of this work was to evaluate the peptide p34 for its in vitro antiviral properties against canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine coronavirus (ccov), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), equine arteritis virus (eav), equine influenza virus (eiv), feline calicivirus (fcv) and felin ... | 2014 | 25477947 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus type 2 by recombinase polymerase amplification. | a novel recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa)-based method for detection of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was developed. sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 10 copies of cpv-2 genomic dna. rpa amplified both cpv-2a and -2b dna but did not amplify the template of other important dog viruses (ccov, prv or cdv), demonstrating high specificity. the method was further validated with 57 canine fecal samples. an outstanding advantage of rpa is that it is an isotherma ... | 2016 | 26729477 |
| detection and genetic characterization of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus strains circulating in district of tirana in albania. | an epidemiological survey for canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) and canine coronavirus (ccov) was conducted in albania. a total of 57 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic dogs in the district of tirana during 2011-2013. the molecular assays detected 53 and 31 cpv- and ccov-positive specimens, respectively, with mixed cpv-ccov infections diagnosed in 28 dogs. the most frequently detected cpv type was 2a, whereas iia was the predominant ccov subtype. a better comprehension of the cpv-ccov epidemi ... | 2014 | 24928599 |
| presence of infectious agents and co-infections in diarrheic dogs determined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based panel. | infectious diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoan organisms, or a combination of these. the identification of co-infections in dogs is important to determine the prognosis and to plan strategies for their treatment and prophylaxis. although many pathogens have been individually detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a comprehensive panel of agents that cause diarrhea in privately owned dogs has not yet been established. the objective of this study was to use ... | 2014 | 24433321 |
| mast cells in canine parvovirus-2-associated enteritis with crypt abscess. | the role of mast cells (mcs) in allergic reactions and parasitic infections is well established. their involvement in host immune response against bacterial and viral infections is reported. in this study, investigation is made to determine if mcs are associated with canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2)-induced enteritis with crypt abscess (eca). mast cell count (mcc) was made on toluidine blue-stained intestinal sections from a total of 34 dogs. these included 16 dogs exhibiting eca positive for cpv-2 a ... | 2013 | 23558973 |
| are licensed canine parvovirus (cpv2 and cpv2b) vaccines able to elicit protection against cpv2c subtype in puppies?: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. | severe gastroenteritis caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2) is a serious life-threatening disease in puppies less than 4-months of age. the emergence of new variants has provoked some concern about the cross-protection elicited by licensed canine parvovirus modified-live type 2 (cpv2) and type 2b (cpv2b) vaccines against the most recent subtype cpv2c. a systematic review was carried out to assess the efficacy of commercial vaccines. we conducted a literature search of pub med/medline from j ... | 2015 | 26249827 |
| parvoviral myocarditis in a 5-week-old dachshund. | to describe a case of myocarditis associated with naturally occurring canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). | 2016 | 26220397 |
| enteropathogens identified in dogs entering a florida animal shelter with normal feces or diarrhea. | to determine the frequency of enteropathogens in dogs entering an animal shelter with normal feces or diarrhea. | 2012 | 22812470 |
| validation of a fecal scoring scale in puppies during the weaning period. | in puppies weaning is a high risk period. fecal changes are frequent and can be signs of infection by digestive pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites) and indicators of nutritional and environmental stress. the aim of this study was to define a pathological fecal score for weaning puppies, and to study the impact on that score of two intestinal viruses (canine parvovirus type 2 and canine coronavirus). for this, the quality of stools was evaluated on 154 puppies between 4 and 8 weeks of age (1 ... | 2012 | 22520179 |
| circovirus in domestic and wild carnivores: an important opportunistic agent? | circoviruses are relatively novel pathogens with increased importance in canids. in this study, we first screened the presence of dog circovirus (dogcv) by molecular methods from a total number of 389 internal organ samples originating from 277 individuals of domestic dogs and wild animals including wolves, foxes and badgers. all the animals originated from central-southern italy, specifically from abruzzi and molise regions, areas hosting several natural parks. dogcv was detected in 9/34 wolves ... | 2016 | 26848830 |
| serologic evidence for selected infectious diseases in marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy (2004-09). | we tested 30 serum samples collected during 2004-09 from 22 free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the national park of abruzzo, lazio, and molise, italy, for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), brucella spp., and eight leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. antibody to cdv was detected in 11 samples (37%); only two bears (10%) had detectable cav-2 and brucella spp. antibodies; three bea ... | 2015 | 25375945 |
| serologic survey for cross-species pathogens in urban coyotes (canis latrans), colorado, usa. | abstract as coyotes (canis latrans) adapt to living in urban environments, the opportunity for cross-species transmission of pathogens may increase. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to pathogens that are either zoonotic or affect multiple animal species in urban coyotes in the denver metropolitan area, colorado, usa, in 2012. we assayed for antibodies to canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus, rabies virus, toxoplasma gondii, yersinia pestis, and serotypes of leptospira interrog ... | 2014 | 25121408 |
| concomitant canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine parvoviral enteritis, canine infectious tracheobronchitis, and toxoplasmosis in a puppy. | the concomitant infections of canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus a types 1 (cadv-1) and 2 (cadv-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), and toxoplasma gondii are described in a 43-day-old mixed-breed puppy. clinically, there were convulsions and blindness with spontaneous death; 14 siblings of this puppy, born to a 10-month-old dam, which was seropositive (titer: 1,024) for t. gondii, also died. necropsy revealed unilateral corneal edema (blue eye), depletion of intestinal lymphoid ti ... | 2013 | 23293164 |
| duration of serological response to canine parvovirus-type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 and canine parainfluenza virus in client-owned dogs in australia. | to determine whether client-owned dogs in australia, last vaccinated with canvac(®) vaccines containing canine parvovirus-type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) ± canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) at least 18 months ago, were seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination. | 2012 | 23186088 |
| canine parvovirus (cpv-2) variants circulating in nigerian dogs. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is a highly contagious viral disease with three variants (cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c) currently circulating in dogs worldwide. the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalent cpv-2 variant in faecal samples from 53 dogs presenting with acute gastroenteritis suspected to be and consistent with cpv-2 to nigerian veterinary clinics in 2013-2014. seventy-five per cent of these dogs tested positive for cpv-2 in a commercial antigen test and/or by pcr. partial ... | 2016 | 27933190 |
| genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 subtypes in maputo, mozambique. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) comprises three antigenic subtypes (2a, 2b and 2c) that have been reported in many countries. these subtypes cause serious disease in dogs with characteristic gastroenteritis signs. little information has been documented in africa about the genetic characterization of cpv-2. the aim of this study was to detect and to characterize the cpv-2 subtypes circulating in dogs admitted to veterinary clinics from two cities of mozambique, maputo and matola, in 2010. a tota ... | 2016 | 27888321 |
| first isolation of new canine parvovirus 2a from tibetan mastiff and global analysis of the full-length vp2 gene of canine parvoviruses 2 in china. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) was first identified in 1978, and is responsible for classic parvoviral enteritis. despite the widespread vaccination of domestic carnivores, cpvs have remained important pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. in this study, we isolated cpv-2 from tibetan mastiffs and performed a global analysis of the complete vp2 gene sequences of cpv-2 strains in china. six isolates were typed as new cpv-2a, according to key amino acid positions. on a phylogenetic tree, these s ... | 2014 | 25007818 |
| multiplex amplification refractory mutation system pcr (arms-pcr) provides sequencing independent typing of canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus-2 antigenic variants (cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c) ubiquitously distributed worldwide in canine population causes severe fatal gastroenteritis. antigenic typing of cpv-2 remains a prime focus of research groups worldwide in understanding the disease epidemiology and virus evolution. the present study was thus envisioned to provide a simple sequencing independent, rapid, robust, specific, user-friendly technique for detecting and typing of presently circulating cpv-2 antigenic var ... | 2016 | 27876613 |
| reliability of clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing techniques currently used for identification of canine parvovirus enteritis in clinical settings. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is the main etiological agent of viral enteritis in dogs. actually in literature, cpv-2 has been reported with clinical signs that vary from the classical disease, and immunochromatography test and pcr technique have been introduced to veterinary hospitals to confirm cpv-2 diagnosis and other infections. however, the reliability of these techniques has been poorly analyzed. in this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of veterinary clinical diagnos ... | 2017 | 27818461 |
| identification of a novel canine parvovirus type 2c in taiwan. | taiwan has been considered free from canine parvovirus type 2c (cpv-2c) based on the last report of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) surveillance. however, since january 2015, the first report of cpv-2c in a puppy has occurred in taiwan. there is currently limited information about the cpv-2c variant in taiwan. in the present study, we characterized the previously unidentified cpv-2c variant and investigated the distribution of cpv-2 variants in taiwan. | 2016 | 27663840 |
| canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants. | the most important enteric virus infecting canids is canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). cpv is the aetiologic agent of a contagious disease, mainly characterized by clinical gastroenteritis signs in younger dogs. cpv-2 emerged as a new virus in the late 1970s, which could infect domestic dogs, and became distributed in the global dog population within 2 years. a few years later, the virus's original type was replaced by a new genetic and antigenic variant, called cpv-2a. around 1984 and 2000, vir ... | 2016 | 27389721 |
| canine circovirus 1 (cacv-1) and canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2): recurrent dual infections in a papillon breeding colony. | recurrent outbreaks of sudden death and bloody diarrhea were reported in march 2013 and february 2014 in a breeding colony of papillon dogs. during the first outbreak, 1 adult dog and 2 eight-month-old puppies died. during the second outbreak, 2 ten-week-old puppies died. one puppy from the first outbreak and 2 puppies from the second outbreak were examined at necropsy. histologically, all 3 puppies had severe segmental crypt necrosis of the small intestine and marked lymphoid follicle depletion ... | 2016 | 27154544 |
| health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health. | we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ... | 2017 | 28135131 |
| molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus in morocco. | since it first emergence in the mid-1970's, canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) has evolved giving rise to new antigenic variants termed cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c, which have completely replaced the original strain and had been variously distributed worldwide. in africa limited data are available on epidemiological prevalence of these new types. hence, the aim of the present study was to determine circulating variants in morocco. through taqman-based real-time pcr assay, 91 samples, collected from sympt ... | 2016 | 27083072 |
| epidemiological evolution of canine parvovirus in the portuguese domestic dog population. | since its emergence, canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) has caused disease pandemics with severe gastroenteritis signs, infecting especially puppies. as a consequence of cpv rapid evolution a variety of genetic and antigenic variants have been reported circulating worldwide. the detection of additional variants of cpv circulating in the dog population in portugal suggests monitoring of the disease is useful. the objectives of this study were to further detect and characterize circulating field var ... | 2016 | 26790933 |
| canine parvovirus ns1 protein exhibits anti-tumor activity in a mouse mammary tumor model. | many viral proteins have the ability to kill tumor cells specifically without harming the normal cells. these proteins, on ectopic expression, cause lysis or induction of apoptosis in the target tumor cells. parvovirus ns1 is one of such proteins, which is known to kill high proliferating tumor cells. in the present study, we assessed the apoptosis inducing ability of canine parvovirus type 2 ns1 protein (cpv2.ns1) in vitro in 4t1 cells, and found it to cause significant cell death due to induct ... | 2016 | 26739427 |
| canine parvovirus ns1 induced apoptosis involves mitochondria, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspases. | the non-structural protein (ns1) of parvoviruses plays an important role in viral replication and is thought to be responsible for inducing cell death. however, the detailed mechanism and the pathways involved in canine parvovirus type 2 ns1 (cpv2.ns1) induced apoptosis are not yet known. in the present study, we report that expression of cpv2.ns1 in hela cells arrests cells in g1 phase of the cell cycle and the apoptosis is mitochondria mediated as indicated by mitochondrial depolarization, rel ... | 2016 | 26555166 |
| preparation, characterization and immunological evaluation: canine parvovirus synthetic peptide loaded plga nanoparticles. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) remains a significant worldwide canine pathogen and the most common cause of viral enteritis in dogs. the 1 l15 and 7 l15 peptides overlap each other with qpdggqpav residues (7-15 of vp2 capsid protein of cpv) is shown to produce high immune response. plga nanoparticles were demonstrated to have special properties such as; controlled antigen release, protection from degradation, elimination of booster-dose and enhancing the cellular uptake by antigen presenting cells. ... | 2015 | 26482775 |
| antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus type 2 causes significant viral disease in dogs, with high morbidity, high infectivity, and high mortality. lithium chloride is a potential antiviral drug for viruses. we determined the antiviral effect of lithium chloride on canine parvovirus type 2 in feline kidney cells. the viral dna and proteins of canine parvovirus were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by lithium chloride. further investigation verified that viral entry into cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent ma ... | 2015 | 26315688 |
| characterization and evaluation of apoptotic potential of double gene construct pvivo.vp3.ns1. | viral gene oncotherapy, targeted killing of cancer cells by viral genes, is an emerging non-infectious therapeutic cancer treatment modality. chemo and radiotherapy in cancer treatment is limited due to their genotoxic side effects on healthy cells and need of functional p53, which is mutated in most of the cancers. vp3 (apoptin) of chicken infectious anaemia (cia) and ns1 (non structural protein 1) of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) have been proven to have oncolytic potential in our laboratory. to ... | 2015 | 26040021 |
| canine parvoviruses in new zealand form a monophyletic group distinct from the viruses circulating in other parts of the world. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) is a well-recognized cause of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs worldwide. the aim of the current study was to identify which cpv-2 subtypes circulate among dogs in new zealand, and to investigate the evolutionary patterns of contemporary cpv-2 viruses. faecal samples were collected from 79 dogs with suspected cpv-2 infection over the period of 13 months, and tested for the presence of cpv-2 dna by pcr. of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as cpv-2a and one as ... | 2015 | 26031569 |
| an insulated isothermal pcr method on a field-deployable device for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus type 2 at points of need. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), including subtypes 2a, 2b and 2c, causes an acute enteric disease in both domestic and wild animals. rapid and sensitive diagnosis aids effective disease management at points of need (pon). a commercially available, field-deployable and user-friendly system, designed with insulated isothermal pcr (iipcr) technology, displays excellent sensitivity and specificity for nucleic acid detection. an iipcr method was developed for on-site detection of all circulating cp ... | 2015 | 25889355 |
| clinical canine parvovirus type 2c infection in a group of asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea). | despite the occurrence of clinical disease in a wide range of carnivore hosts, only vague accounts of clinical canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) in any otter species have been reported in the literature. over the course of 25 days, nine asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) presented for evaluation of inappetence, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. a diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2c was made based on electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and dna sequencing of group fecal sample ... | 2015 | 25831584 |
| global displacement of canine parvovirus by a host-adapted variant: structural comparison between pandemic viruses with distinct host ranges. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) emerged in 1978 and spread worldwide within 2 years. subsequently, cpv-2 was completely replaced by the variant cpv-2a, which is characterized by four specific capsid (vp2) mutations. the x-ray crystal structure of the cpv-2a capsid shows that each mutation confers small local changes. the loss of a hydrogen bond and introduction of a glycine residue likely introduce flexibility to sites that control interactions with the host receptor, antibodies, and sialic aci ... | 2015 | 25410876 |
| booster effect of canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and infectious canine hepatitis combination vaccine in domesticated adult dogs. | domesticated adult dogs with antibody titer classified as below 'high' to one or more of canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) and canine adenovirus type-1 (cadv-1) were then given an additional inoculation, and the effectiveness of this booster evaluated 2 months later. consequently, cdv and cadv-1 antibody titer experienced a significant increase, but the same effect was not observed in the antibody titer of cpv-2. these findings suggest that with additional inoculatio ... | 2012 | 22672137 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus 2 in diarrheic dogs in colombia, south america: a possible new cpv-2a is emerging? | since its identification in 1978, canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) has been considered a pathogen of great importance in the canine population because it causes severe enteritis with high mortality rates in pups. cpv-2 is a virus belonging to the family parvoviridae. currently, there are three described antigenic variants (cpv-2a, cpv-2b, and cpv-2c). cpv-2c is an emerging virus that is seen as a global health hazard. the objective of this work was to confirm the presence of cpv-2 in dogs with a ... | 2017 | 28284623 |
| multiplex amplification refractory mutation system pcr (arms-pcr) provides sequencing independent typing of canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus-2 antigenic variants (cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c) ubiquitously distributed worldwide in canine population causes severe fatal gastroenteritis. antigenic typing of cpv-2 remains a prime focus of research groups worldwide in understanding the disease epidemiology and virus evolution. the present study was thus envisioned to provide a simple sequencing independent, rapid, robust, specific, user-friendly technique for detecting and typing of presently circulating cpv-2 antigenic var ... | 2016 | 27989813 |
| clostridium perfringens and c. difficile in parvovirus-positive dogs. | the aim of this study was to investigate clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in 82 diarrheic dogs positive for canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv). enterotoxigenic c. perfringens type a was isolated from three (3.6%) dogs. one (1.2%) strain was also positive for nete- and netf-encoding genes, which are commonly associated with diarrhea in dogs. toxigenic c. difficile was isolated from one animal (1.2%), which was also positive for a/b toxins. the present study identified c. difficile an ... | 2017 | 28733230 |
| evolutionary and genetic analysis of the vp2 gene of canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2 emerged in 1978 in the usa and quickly spread among dog populations all over the world with high morbidity. although cpv is a dna virus, its genomic substitution rate is similar to some rna viruses. therefore, it is important to trace the evolution of cpv to monitor the appearance of mutations that might affect vaccine effectiveness. | 2017 | 28716118 |
| non-structural protein 1 (ns1) gene of canine parvovirus-2 regresses chemically induced skin tumors in wistar rats. | the non-structural protein 1 of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv2.ns1) plays a major role in viral cytotoxicity and pathogenicity. cpv2.ns1 has been proven to cause apoptosis in hela cells in vitro in our laboratory. here we report that cpv2.ns1 has no toxic side effects on healthy cells but regresses skin tumors in wistar rats. histopathological examination of tumor tissue from cpv2.ns1 treated group revealed infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells with increased extra cellular matrix, ... | 2014 | 25135490 |
| analysis of the full-length vp2 protein of canine parvoviruses circulating in hungary. | in recent years, the number of cases of disease caused by canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) in vaccinated dogs has increased. the aim of the present study was to identify cpv-2 strains present in hungary. forty-two out of 50 faecal specimens examined were positive, and 25 vp2 sequences were determined and analysed. based on the current classification, the hungarian viruses belong to new cpv-2a type, except two viruses that are recombinants of vaccine viruses and cpv-2a strains. the tyr324ile alteratio ... | 2014 | 24696272 |
| canine parvovirus 2c infection in a cat with severe clinical disease. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) is considered the main pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis in dogs, causing vomiting and hemorrhagic enteritis mainly. however, infection in cats by cpv variants causes clinical signs similar to feline panleukopenia virus. the current study reports a case of cpv-2c in a domestic cat, in portugal. the findings suggest that more surveys are needed to know the true prevalence and significance of cats in cpv epidemiology worldwide. | 2014 | 24670953 |
| genetic characterization of type 2a canine parvoviruses from taiwan reveals the emergence of an ile324 mutation in vp2. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv 2) is a major infectious cause of mortality in puppies. the characteristic symptom of cpv 2 disease is intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea. soon after cpv was first recognized in the late 1970s, the original virus, cpv 2, was replaced in the canine population by strains carrying minor antigenic variants (termed 2a, 2b, and 2c) of the vp2 gene that could be distinguished using monoclonal antibodies and molecular analyses. here, we provide an updated molecula ... | 2014 | 24568207 |
| molecular typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating from 2008 to 2012 in an organized kennel in india reveals the possibility of vaccination failure. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), which emerged in 1978, is considered as the major viral enteric pathogen of the canine population. with the emergence of new antigenic variants and incidences of vaccine failure, cpv has become one of the dreaded diseases of the canines worldwide. the present study was undertaken in an organized kennel from north india to ascertain the molecular basis of the cpv outbreaks in the vaccinated dogs. 415 samples were collected over a 5year period (2008-2012). the outbreak ... | 2014 | 24486948 |
| protection against canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies by colostrum-derived antibodies. | during the first weeks of life puppies remain protected against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2) infection thanks to maternally derived antibodies (mda) absorbed with colostrum after birth. the objective of the present study was to present the variability in cpv2-specific passive immune transfer and its consequences in puppies naturally exposed to the parvovirus. seventy-nine puppies from one breeding kennel were included in the study at birth and followed until 56 d of age. once per week the mda ... | 2014 | 26101622 |
| canine parvovirus type 2a (cpv-2a)-induced apoptosis in mdck involves both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. | the canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) causes an acute disease in dogs. it has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and dna damage leading to cellular lysis. in this paper, we evaluated the apoptotic potential of the "new cpv-2a" in mdck cells and elucidated the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis. the exposure of mdck cells to the virus was found to trigger apoptotic response. apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine translocation, dna fragmentation assays, and cell cycle analysis. act ... | 2014 | 24092455 |
| canine parvovirus type 2c identified from an outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in a litter in sweden. | a litter of recently-vaccinated puppies in sweden experienced signs of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. canine parvovirus (cpv) was suspected as the cause of this outbreak on the basis of the clinical signs and the presence of parvoviral antigen in the faeces from one of the affected pups - confirmed using a commercial in-clinic faecal antigen elisa test kit. a concern was raised about whether the vaccine (which contained a live, attenuated strain of cpv) could have caused the disease and so ... | 2013 | 24016358 |
| genetic analysis of the vp2-encoding gene of canine parvovirus strains from africa. | since the emergence of canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) in the early 1970s, it has been evolving into novel genetic and antigenic variants (cpv-2a, 2b and 2c) that are unevenly distributed throughout the world. genetic characterization of cpv-2 has not been documented in africa since 1998 apart from the study carried out in tunisia 2009. a total of 139 field samples were collected from south africa and nigeria, detected using pcr and the full length vp2-encoding gene of 27 positive samples were ... | 2013 | 23725746 |
| an updated taqman real-time pcr for canine and feline parvoviruses. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) emerged in late 1970s from the feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and developed, since then, into novel genetic and antigenic variants (cpv-2a, -2b and -2c). canine and feline parvoviruses cause an acute enteric disease in their hosts, with high level of viral shedding. in this study, a quantitative taqman pcr for detection and quantitation of canine and feline parvoviruses in serum and fecal samples was developed. the primers were designed based upon the entire g ... | 2013 | 23680092 |
| apoptosis induced by ns1 gene of canine parvovirus-2 is caspase dependent and p53 independent. | apoptosis is programmed cell death that normally occurs during development and aging in multicellular animals. apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism against disease or harmful external agents. it can be initiated by a variety of stimuli including viruses and viral proteins. canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) that causes acute disease in dogs has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and dna damage leading to cellular lysis. though non structural protein 1 (ns1) of many parvoviruses has bee ... | 2013 | 23416147 |
| in vitro expression studies of non structural 1 protein of canine parvo virus 2 by polyclonal antiserum raised against cpv2-ns1 protein expressed in escherichia coli as an antigen. | the canine parvovirus 2, non-structural 1 (ns1) is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene. to confirm the expression of the ns1 in hela cells after transfection there was a need to raise antiserum against cpv2- ns1. therefore, this study was carried out to express and purify the recombinant ns1 (rns1), and characterize the polyclonal serum. cpv2-ns1, complete coding sequence (cds) was amplified, cloned in pet32a+ and expressed in bl21 (de3) (plyss). sds-page analysis revealed that the expressio ... | 2012 | 23140019 |
| analysis of the vp2 protein gene of canine parvovirus strains from affected dogs in japan. | to clarify the evolution of canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) that has recently been epidemic in japan, vp2 gene sequences at positions 3556-4166 were analyzed in 107 cpv-2 strains obtained from rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs from 2009 to 2011. cpv-2b (95 strains) was more frequently detected than cpv-2a (nine strains), while cpv-2c was not detected. remaining three strains were identified as the original type cpv-2, which should be derived from vaccines. these findings are similar to the previous res ... | 2013 | 23063259 |
| isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (cpv-2c) from symptomatic puppies. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. in this study cpv-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from montevideo, uruguay. samples were processed and used to infect crfk and mdck cells in order to isolate the virus. out of twelve, two samples were positive for cpv-2. a genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and restric ... | 2012 | 24031919 |
| recombinant elisa using baculovirus-expressed vp2 for detection of antibodies against canine parvovirus. | the gene encoding the vp2 protein of canine parvovirus type 2 was expressed in an insect-baculovirus system. the recombinant (r) vp2 was similar antigenically/functionally to the native capsid protein as demonstrated by hemagglutination, western blotting and hemagglutination inhibition test, using canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) positive sera. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the rvp2 was used for testing cpv-2 positive and negative sera from dogs and for determining the thres ... | 2012 | 22664182 |
| canine parvovirus: current perspective. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) has been considered to be an important pathogen of domestic and wild canids and has spread worldwide since its emergence in 1978. it has been reported from asia, australia, new zealand, the americas and europe. two distinct parvoviruses are now known to infect dogs-the pathogenic cpv-2 and cpv-1 or the minute virus of canine (mvc). cpv-2, the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs, is one of the most important pathogenic viruses with hi ... | 2010 | 23637476 |
| first detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in brazil. | the presence of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), 2a and 2b has been described in brazil, however, the type 2c had not been reported until now. in the current study, seven out of nine samples from dogs with diarrhea were characterized as cpv-2c, indicating that this virus is already circulating in the brazilian canine population. | 2009 | 24031389 |
| new wide dynamic range assays for quantification of anti-leishmania igg2 and iga antibodies in canine serum. | the aims of this study were (1) to develop and validate time resolved-immunofluorometric assays for the detection of anti-leishmania igg2 and iga antibodies in canine serum and (2) to evaluate the ability of these assays to quantify different amounts of anti-leishmania antibodies in leishmania-seronegative and seropositive dogs, determined by a commercial elisa assay, and between different clinical stages according to leishvet guidelines. the analytical validation showed that the assays had a go ... | 2017 | 28669382 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of canine distemper virus by real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. | canine distemper, caused by canine distemper virus (cdv), is a highly contagious and fatal systemic disease in free-living and captive carnivores worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), as an isothermal gene amplification technique, has been explored for the molecular detection of diverse pathogens. | 2017 | 28810858 |
| risk factors of weaning diarrhea in puppies housed in breeding kennels. | diarrhea represents one of the most frequent disorders in dogs. in puppies, degradation of feces quality is associated with a reduced daily weight gain and an increased risk of death. prevention of diarrhea in puppies requires a global approach encompassing enteropathogens, environment and management practices especially when housed in groups. the purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of enteropathogens in puppies in breeding kennels and to identify risk factors of diarrhea. two hund ... | 2014 | 25175676 |
| high resolution melting curve analysis as a new tool for rapid identification of canine parvovirus type 2 strains. | a high resolution melting (hrm) curve method was developed to identify canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) strains by nested pcr. two sets of primers, cpv-426f/426r and cpv-87r/87f, were designed that amplified a 52 bp and 53 bp product from the viral vp2 capsid gene. the region amplified by cpv-426f/426r included the a4062g and t4064a mutations in cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c. the region amplified by cpv-87f/87r included the a3045t mutation in the vaccine strains of cpv-2 and cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2 ... | 2014 | 25159576 |
| vaccination of dogs with canine parvovirus type 2b (cpv-2b) induces neutralising antibody responses to cpv-2a and cpv-2c. | since the identification of canine parvovirus type 2, three variants have subsequently been observed differing from the historical cpv-2 and each other by 1-2 amino acids only. as a result there has been considerable research into differential diagnostics, with some researchers indicating there is a need for new vaccines containing different strains of cpv-2. in this study we investigated whether vaccination with a cpv-2b containing vaccine would induce cross-reactive antibody responses to the o ... | 2014 | 25148778 |
| surveillance for antibodies against six canine viruses in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are found worldwide. they are frequently seen in crowded inner cities as well as in forests or wooded areas, often living in proximity to humans and their pets. we examined sera from 100 wild raccoons in japan for antibodies to six canine viruses with veterinary significance to assess their potential as reservoirs. we also aimed to understand the distribution of potentially infected wildlife. we found that 7% of samples were seropositive for canine distemper virus (cdv), ... | 2017 | 28715293 |
| parvovirus infection is associated with myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis in young dogs. | perinatal parvoviral infection causes necrotizing myocarditis in puppies, which results in acute high mortality or progressive cardiac injury. while widespread vaccination has dramatically curtailed the epidemic of canine parvoviral myocarditis, we hypothesized that canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) myocardial infection is an underrecognized cause of myocarditis, cardiac damage, and/or repair by fibrosis in young dogs. in this retrospective study, dna was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedd ... | 2017 | 28812526 |
| determination of immune status in dogs against cpv-2 by recombinant protein based latex agglutination test. | canine parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious viral illness caused by canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) which affects puppies of mainly 6-20 weeks of age. vaccination is pivotal in preventing and controlling cpv-2 infection. determination of antibody status is a critical determinant for successful vaccination. the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test is 'gold standard' test for quantification of antibodies specific to cpv-2, although the execution of this test is not feasible under field conditi ... | 2017 | 28689674 |
| feline panleukopenia virus is not associated with myocarditis or endomyocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) is nearly indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and is a well-known cause of viral myocarditis in young puppies; however, it is not known whether either fpv or cpv-2 naturally infects feline cardiomyocytes and causes myocarditis. endomyocarditis (emc) and left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (lvef), clinically known as "endomyocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy," are important feline heart diseases suspected to have an infectious etiology. a cont ... | 2017 | 28622497 |
| canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) codon bias analysis reveals a progressive adaptation to the new niche after the host jump. | based on virus dependence from host cell machinery, their codon usage is expected to show a strong relation with the host one. even if this association has been stated, especially for bacteria viruses, the linkage is considered to be less consistent for more complex organisms and a codon bias adaptation after host jump has never been proven. canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was selected as a model because it represents a well characterized case of host jump, originating from feline panleukopenia ... | 2017 | 28603036 |
| introduction of canine parvovirus 2 into wildlife on the island of newfoundland, canada. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (species carnivore protoparvovirus 1, family parvoviridae) cause a severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immune depression in a broad range of terrestrial carnivores. we report here the first molecular epidemiological investigation of protoparvoviruses on the island of newfoundland, canada. in particular, we investigated red foxes (vulpes vulpes deletrix) and lynx (lynx canadensis subsolanus), two autochthonous species, a ... | 2017 | 28935611 |
| first molecular characterization of canine parvovirus strains in sardinia, italy. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is responsible of acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in young dogs. cpv-2 emerged in 1978 in the usa, but new antigenic types, cpv-2a, 2b and 2c, have completely replaced the original type. in this study, we analyzed 81 animals collected in sardinia, italy. the vp2 sequence analysis of 27 positive samples showed that all antigenic cpv-2 types are circulating. cpv-2b seems to be the most widespread variant, followed by cpv-2a. furthermore, 12 cpv-2b strains display ... | 2017 | 28707272 |
| development of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus 2. | canine parvovirus 2, a linear single-stranded dna virus belonging to the genus parvovirus within the family parvoviridae, is a highly contagious pathogen of domestic dogs and several wild canidae species. early detection of canine parvovirus (cpv-2) is crucial to initiating appropriate outbreak control strategies. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), a novel isothermal gene amplification technique, has been developed for the molecular detection of diverse pathogens. in this study, a real- ... | 2017 | 29110666 |
| long-lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in uk dogs as assessed by an in-practice test kit. | to determine the utility of an in-practice test kit to detect protective serum antibody against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus type 2 in a sample of the uk dog population. | 2018 | 29087557 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of protoparvoviruses infecting wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in british columbia, canada. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) belong to the species carnivore protoparvovirus 1. while fpv has been endemic in cats for many years, cpv-2 emerged at the end of the 1970s and 3 antigenic variants (cpv-2a, b and c) are currently circulating in domestic and wild animals. although raccoons played a fundamental role in the emergence of cpv-2a in dogs, knowledge about protoparvoviruses in these animals is still limited. we investigated 72 raccoons found dead or injur ... | 2017 | 28947335 |